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of the cow while squealing or wailing loudly if the cow tries to leave his territory. When ready to mate, the cow curls her tail and gets into a stiff stance during the half-hour copulation. Breeding pairs stay together between 5–20 days before they part their separate ways. The gestation period of a white rhino is 16 months. A single calf is born and usually weighs 40–65 kg (88–143 lb). Calves are unsteady for their first two to three days of life. When threatened, the baby will run in front of the mother, which is very protective of her calf and will fight for it vigorously. Weaning starts at two months, but the calf may continue suckling for over 12 months. The birth interval for the white rhino is between two and three years. Before giving birth, the mother will chase off her current calf. White rhinos can live to be up to 40–50 years old.
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1120:. About 98.5% of white rhinos live in just five countries (South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Kenya, and Uganda). Almost at the edge of extinction in the early 20th century, the southern subspecies have made a tremendous comeback. In 2001, it was estimated that there were 11,670 white rhinos in the wild, with a further 777 in captivity worldwide, making it the most common rhino in the world. By the end of 2007, wild-living southern white rhinos had increased to an estimated 17,480 animals (IUCN 2008).
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The bull, averaging about 2,000–2,300 kg (4,410–5,070 lb) is heavier than the cow, at an average of about 1,600–1,700 kg (3,530–3,750 lb). The largest size the species can attain is not definitively known; specimens of up to 3,600 kg (7,940 lb) are considered reliable, while larger sizes up to 4,500 kg (9,920 lb) have been claimed but are not verified. On its snout it has two horn-like growths, one behind the other. These are made of solid
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day doing various other things. Like all species of rhinoceros, white rhinos enjoy wallowing in mud holes to cool down. The white rhinoceros is thought to have changed the structure and ecology of the savanna's grasslands. Comparatively, based on studies of the
African elephant, scientists believe the white rhino is a driving factor in its ecosystem. The destruction of the megaherbivore could have serious cascading effects on the ecosystem and harm other animals.
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1244:, eggs from Fatu and Najin "were successfully inseminated" using the seminal fluid from Saut and Suni. The male Sudan's sperm was harvested before his death and is still in Kenya. On 11 September 2019, it was announced that "two embryos" were generated and will be kept in a frozen state, until placed in a surrogate female. On 15 January 2020, it was announced that "another embryo" was created using the same techniques; all three embryos are "from Fatu".
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several highly organized and very profitable international poaching syndicates came into being and would carry out their poaching missions with advanced technologies ranging from night vision scopes, silenced weapons, darting equipment, and even helicopters. The ongoing conflict in the
Democratic Republic of Congo and incursions by poachers, primarily coming from Sudan, have further disrupted efforts to protect the few remaining northern rhinos.
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December). In 2015, the Kenyan government placed the last remaining bull of the subspecies at Ol Pejeta under 24-hour armed guard to deter poachers, but he was put down on 19 March 2018 due to multiple health problems caused by old age, leaving just two cows alive which reside at the Ol Pejeta complex. Staff hope to inseminate the remaining cows with the last bull's semen, although the semen is not preferable due to the age of the rhino.
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yellowish-brown to slate grey. Its only hair is the ear fringes and tail bristles. White rhinos have a distinctive broad, straight mouth which is used for grazing. Its ears can move independently to pick up sounds, but it depends most of all on its sense of smell. The olfactory passages that are responsible for smelling are larger than their entire brain. The white rhinoceros has the widest set of nostrils of any land-based animal.
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the rhinoceros makes it susceptible to poaching. Mozambique, one of the four main countries in which the white rhino lives, is used by poachers as a passageway to South Africa, which holds a fairly large number of white rhinos. Here, rhinos are regularly killed and their horns are smuggled out of the country. As of 2014, Mozambique labels white rhino poaching as a misdemeanor. The white rhino population in South Africa's
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1047:. They do this around ten times an hour while patrolling territory. The same ritual as urine marking except without spraying is also commonly used. The territorial bull will scrape-mark every 30 m (100 ft) or so around his territory boundary. Subordinate bulls do not mark territory. The most serious fights break out over mating rights with a cow. Cow territory overlaps extensively, and they do not defend it.
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threats and shrieking if attacked. The vocalizations of the two species differ between each other, and the panting contact calls between individual white rhinos in each species can vary as well. The differences in these calls aid the white rhinos in identifying each other and communicating over long distances. The white rhinoceros is quick and agile and can run 50 km/h (31 mph).
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effort for these rhinos is having moved them from Dvur
Kralove Zoo in the Czech Republic to Kenya's Ol Pejeta Conservancy on 20 December 2009, where they have been under constant watch every day, and have been given favorable climate and diet, to which they have adapted well, to boost their chances of reproducing.
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In 2013, poaching rates for white rhinos nearly doubled from the previous year. As a result, the white rhino has now received Near
Threatened status as its total population tops out at 20,000 members. Poaching of the animal has gone virtually unchecked in most of Africa, and the non-violent nature of
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Historically, the major factor in the decline of white rhinos was uncontrolled hunting in the colonial era, but now poaching for their horn is the primary threat. The white rhino is particularly vulnerable to hunting because it is a large and relatively unaggressive animal with very poor eyesight and
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Cows reach sexual maturity at 6–7 years of age while bulls reach sexual maturity between 10 and 12 years of age. Courtship is often a difficult affair. The bull stays beyond the point where the cow acts aggressively and will give out a call when approaching her. The bull chases and or blocks the way
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The head and body length is 3.7–4 m (12.1–13.1 ft) in bulls and 3.35–3.65 m (11.0–12.0 ft) in cows, with the tail adding another 70 cm (28 in), and the shoulder height is 170–186 cm (5.58–6.10 ft) in the bull and 160–177 cm (5.25–5.81 ft) in the cow.
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that eat grass, preferring the shortest grains, the white rhinoceros is one of the largest pure grazers. It drinks twice a day if water is available, but if conditions are dry it can live four or five days without water. It spends about half of the day eating, one-third resting, and the rest of the
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A popular albeit widely discredited theory of the origins of the name "white rhinoceros" is a mistranslation from Dutch to
English. The English word "white" is said to have been derived by mistranslation of the Dutch word "wijd", which means "wide" in English. The word "wide" refers to the width of
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populations of South Africa and
Eswatini are included in Appendix II for the exclusive purpose of allowing international trade in live animals to appropriate and acceptable destinations and hunting trophies. The population of Namibia is included in Appendix II for the exclusive purpose of allowing
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in Kenya, and only two remain alive. Females Najin and Fatu are still living, while males Suni and Sudan died in 2014 and 2018, respectively. The northern white rhinos had been transferred to Ol Pejeta
Conservancy from the Dvůr Králové Zoo in 2009 in an attempt to protect the taxa in their natural
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The northern white rhino is critically endangered to the point that only two of these rhinos are known to remain in the world, both in captivity. Several conservation tactics have been taken to prevent this subspecies from disappearing from the planet. Perhaps the most notable type of conservation
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Despite the lack of scientific evidence, the rhino horn is highly prized in traditional Asian medicine, where it is ground into a fine powder or manufactured into tablets to be used as a treatment for a variety of illnesses such as nosebleeds, strokes, convulsions, and fevers. Due to this demand,
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Most white rhinos in zoos are southern white rhinos; in 2021, it was estimated that there were over 1,000 southern white rhinos in captivity worldwide. Wild-caught southern whites will readily breed in captivity given appropriate amounts of space and food, as well as the presence of other female
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White rhinos produce sounds that include a panting contact call, grunts and snorts during courtship, squeals of distress, and deep bellows or growls when threatened. Threat displays (in bulls mostly) include wiping its horn on the ground and a head-low posture with ears back, combined with snarl
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As of 2021, there were an estimated 15,940 southern white rhinos in the wild, making them by far the most abundant subspecies of rhino in the world. The number of southern white rhinos outnumbers all other rhino subspecies combined. South Africa is the stronghold for this subspecies, with 12,968
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To save the northern white rhino from extinction, Ol Pejeta
Conservancy announced that it would introduce a fertile southern white rhino from Lewa Wildlife Conservancy in February 2014. They placed the male rhino in an enclosure with both female northern white rhinos in hopes to cross-breed the
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in Kenya, where scientists hoped they would successfully breed and save this subspecies from extinction. One of the two remaining in the Czech
Republic died in late May 2011. Both of the last two bulls capable of natural mating died in 2014 (one in Kenya on 18 October and one in San Diego on 15
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Even with increased anti-poaching efforts in many
African countries, many poachers are still willing to risk death or prison time because of the tremendous amount of money that they stand to make. Rhino horn can fetch tens of thousands of dollars per kilogram on the black market in Asia, and,
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The front horn is larger and averages 60 cm (24 in) in length, reaching as much as 166 cm (65 in) but only in cows. The white rhinoceros also has a noticeable hump on the back of its neck. Each of the four stumpy feet has three toes. The color of the body ranges from
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with excrement and urine. The dung is laid in well defined piles. It may have 20 to 30 of these piles to alert passing white rhinos that it is his territory. Another way of marking their territory is wiping their horns on bushes or the ground and scraping with their feet before
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to the African species. The ancestor of both the black and the white rhino was likely a mixed feeder, with the two lineages then specializing in browsing and grazing, respectively. The oldest definitive record of the white rhinoceros is during the mid-Early Pleistocene at
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the rhinoceros' mouth. So early English-speaking settlers in South Africa misinterpreted the "wijd" for "white" and the rhino with the wide mouth ended up being called the white rhino and the other one, with the narrow pointed mouth, was called the
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Due to their size, adult white rhinos have no natural predators (other than humans), and even young rhinos are rarely attacked or preyed on due to the mother's presence and their tough skin. One exceptional, successful attack was perpetrated by a
881:, recent research has led to the hypothesis that the northern white rhinoceros is a different species, rather than a subspecies of white rhinoceros as was previously thought, in which case the correct scientific name for the former should be
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subspecies. Having the male rhino with two female rhinos was expected to increase competition for the female rhinos and, in theory, should result in more mating experiences. Ol Pejeta Conservancy did not announce any news of rhino mating.
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named Vince was found shot dead in his enclosure; the poachers had removed one of his horns and had attempted to remove his second horn. This is believed to be the first time that a rhinoceros had been killed in a European zoo.
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and the African Rhino Specialist Group (ARSG) only found four animals: a solitary adult male and a group of one adult male and two adult females. In June 2008, it was reported that the species may have gone extinct in the wild.
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885:. Distinct morphological and genetic differences suggest the two proposed species have been separated for at least a million years. However, the results of the research were not universally accepted by other scientists.
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depending on the exact price, can be worth more than its weight in gold. Poachers are also starting to use social media sites for obtaining information on the location of rhino in popular tourist attractions (such as
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in San Diego, California, United States, had two northern white rhinos, one of which was wild-caught. On 22 November 2015, a 41-year-old female named Nola (born in 1974), which had been on loan from the
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rhino. This suggests the origin of the word was before codification by Dutch writers. A review of Dutch and Afrikaans literature about the rhinoceros has failed to produce any evidence that the word
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White rhinos live in crashes or herds of up to 14 animals (usually mostly cows). Sub-adult bulls will congregate, often in association with an adult cow. Most adult bulls are
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499:. The northern subspecies has very few remaining individuals, with only two confirmed left in 2018 (two females: Fatu, 24 and Najin, 29, both in captivity at Ol Pejeta).
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rhinos of breeding age. However, for reasons that are not currently understood, the rate of reproduction is extremely low among captive-born southern white females.
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photographs posted online by unsuspecting tourists. By using GPS coordinates of rhinos in recent photographs, poachers can more easily find and kill their targets.
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The white rhinoceros is the largest of the five living species of rhinoceros. By mean body mass, the white rhinoceros falls behind only the three extant species of
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816:, while a small population survives in Mozambique. Populations have also been introduced outside of the former range of the species to Kenya and Zambia.
663:, and the researchers concluded that these animals consumed more than 30% browse in their diet, suggesting that these are not the fossils of the extant
1127:) formerly ranged over parts of northwestern Uganda, southern Chad, southwestern Sudan, the eastern part of Central African Republic, and northeastern
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in Dvůr Králové, Czech Republic) since 1989, was euthanized after experiencing a downturn in health. On 14 December 2014, a 44-year-old male named
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643:, evolved in order to facilitate consumption of shorter grasses that resulted from the long-term trend to drier conditions in Africa. However, if
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An alternative name for the white rhinoceros, more accurate but rarely used, is the square-lipped rhinoceros. The white rhinoceros' generic name,
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1667:
1615:
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1340:
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893:
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2709:
1556:"Pliocene Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia) from Hadar and Dikka (Lower Awash, Ethiopia), and a revision of the origin of modern African rhinos"
4459:
2658:
2023:"The microbial community in the feces of the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) as determined by barcoded pyrosequencing analysis"
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830:
2081:
African Elephants and Rhinos: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan: Action Plan for the Conservation of Biological Diversity 10
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in the Czech Republic. Four of the six rhinos (which were also the only reproductive animals of this subspecies) were transported to
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despite a considerable mass overlap between these two species. It has a massive body and large head, a short neck and broad chest.
1894:
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3508:
3211:
3020:
1660:
Hernesniemi, E.; Giaourtsakis, I.X.; Evans, A.R. & Fortelius, M. (2011). "Chapter 11 Rhinocerotidae". In Harrison, T. (ed.).
1241:
1128:
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4295:
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3156:
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1743:, in: Werdelin, L., Sanders, W.J. (eds), Cenozoic mammals of Africa. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 669–683
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1135:, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) but in August 2005, ground and aerial surveys conducted under the direction of
878:
180:
3240:"Scientific Detective Work in Practice: Trying to Solve the Mystery of Poor Captive-born White Rhinoceros Reproduction"
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individuals recorded in 2021. There are smaller reintroduced populations within the historical range of the species in
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international trade in live animals for in-situ conservation only and only within the natural and historical range of
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and has often been considered a fossil and ancestral subspecies to the latter. The study also doubts the ancestry of
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1663:
Palaeontology and Geology of Laetoli: Human Evolution in Context. Volume 2: Fossil Hominins and the Associated Fauna
1322:
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3492:
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2726:
2419:"Restoration of a megaherbivore: Landscape-level impacts of white rhinoceros in Kruger National Park, South Africa"
1155:. Although there are no measurable health benefits, the horn is sought after for traditional medicine and jewelry.
732:
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2618:"Large predators and their prey in a southern African savanna: a predator's size determines its prey size range"
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2455:"Contact Calls of the Northern and Southern White Rhinoceros Allow for Individual and Species Identification"
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Chromosome set of a female northern white rhino. Fibroblast derived iPS cells. G-banding and giemsa staining.
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rhinos in Africa by Denis Geraads has suggested, however, that the species from Langebaanweg is of the genus
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as the largest land animal and terrestrial mammal alive today. It weighs slightly more on average than a
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pride on a sick bull white rhinoceros, which weighed 1,540 kg (3,400 lb), and occurred in
979:
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1921:"The Sixth Rhino: A Taxonomic Re-Assessment of the Critically Endangered Northern White Rhinoceros"
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2006:
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died of old age at the San Diego Zoo. The other four captive northern white rhinos were loaned to
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2095:"An experimental cropping scheme of Hippopotami in the Letaba river of the Kruger National Park"
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1960:
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603:, which lived around 7 million years ago. Remains of this white rhino have been found at
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habitat. The only two northern white rhinos left are maintained under 24-hour armed guard in
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A northern white rhinoceros crosses the equator during translocation to Ol Pejeta Conservancy
667:, which only eats grass. It is suggested that the real lineage of the white rhino should be:
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2001:
1950:
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2713:
2556:" The behaviour of ungulates and its relation to management. IUCN, Morges (1974): 341–351.
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773:
737:
639:. It has been suggested that the modern white rhino's skull, which is longer than that of
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143:
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A diagram showing the size of small and large white rhino individuals compared to humans.
651:, then the shorter skull could indicate a browsing species. Teeth of fossils assigned to
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2038:
1936:
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3624:
3157:"Scientists have successfully created embryos of the near-extinct northern white rhino"
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2454:
2317:
2284:
2057:
2022:
1955:
1920:
1791:. IUCN/SSC African Rhino Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
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232:
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1607:
Evolving Eden: An Illustrated Guide to the Evolution of the African Large-mammal Fauna
1216:
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3707:
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The Behavior Guide to African Mammals: Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates
1992:
1377:
1326:
778:
711:
698:
Recently, an alternative scenario has been proposed under which the earliest African
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252:
148:
62:
2259:
Hidden Animals: A Field Guide to Batsquatch, Chupacabra, and Other Elusive Creatures
1979:
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1590:
1368:
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3870:
3824:
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906:
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1131:(DRC). The last surviving population of wild northern white rhinos are or were in
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and is the most social of all rhino species. The white rhinoceros consists of two
4347:
2948:
2479:
2203:
2047:
1945:
1709:
1692:
1661:
1605:
1525:
4282:
4225:
4135:
3680:
1144:
988:
747:
656:
37:
1055:
3879:
3737:
3402:
3298:"A northern white rhino has died. There are now five left in the entire world"
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2522:
964:
854:. Formerly found in several countries in East and Central Africa south of the
488:
480:
242:
82:
47:
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192:
87:
31:
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2506:
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2300:
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1964:
1718:
3021:"Stick to Foodstagramming: Poachers May Be Following Your Safari Pictures"
1869:"Death of rare northern white rhino leaves species on brink of extinction"
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4120:
3658:
3652:
3646:
3274:
3105:
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Cinková, Ivana; Policht, Richard (5 June 2014). Mathevon, Nicolas (ed.).
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fell by 60% between 2013 and 2021, to an estimated 3,529 individuals.
1112:
Young rhino with mother at Rhino and Lion Nature Reserve, Johannesburg
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2971:"Poachers Break into French Zoo, Kill White Rhino And Steal His Horn"
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855:
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948:. The average weight of a horn is about 4.0 kilograms (8.8 pounds).
495:, with an estimated 16,803 wild-living animals, and the much rarer
4204:
3129:"Scientists Fertilize Eggs From the Last Two Northern White Rhinos"
599:
The white rhinoceros of today was said to be likely descended from
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1335:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 634–635.
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633:, given that it shows closer affinities with the black rhinoceros
586:
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514:
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165:
159:
3074:"Male Southern White Rhino Introduced in Endangered Species Boma"
1332:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
687:
sp. (as yet unnamed), and with black rhinos being descended from
503:, the world's last known male northern white rhinoceros, died in
3047:"Scientists seek to create new rhinos with stem cell technology"
2205:
Megaherbivores: The Influence of Very Large Body Size on Ecology
1633:"Isotopic palaeoecology of Makapansgat Limeworks Perissodactyla"
1089:
945:
938:
4191:
4101:
3596:
2079:
Cumming, D. H. M., Du Toit, R. F., & Stuart, S. N. (1990).
1759:"African and Asian Rhinoceroses Status, Conservation and Trade"
406:
Southern white rhino distribution range according to the IUCN.
372:
Northern white rhino distribution range according to the IUCN.
3588:
People Not Poaching: The Communities and IWT Learning Platform
3325:"ZOO Dvůr Králové – Severní bílý nosorožec Suni v Keni uhynul"
937:
and their relatives), which are keratin with a bony core, and
3552:"Rare White Rhino Dies, Leaving Only Four Left on the Planet"
2659:"The past and present distribution of some African ungulates"
726:. This species is proposed to have been diversified into the
3212:"'Amazing': New embryo made of nearly extinct rhino species"
2385:
Ceratotherium simum genome sequencing at the Broad Institute
1167:
A female northern white rhino shot in the early 20th century
2395:
Stephen J. O'Brien, Joan C. Menninger and William G. Nash:
2283:
Wroe, S.; Crowther, M.; Dortch, J. & Chong, J. (2004).
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10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0451:PRMFHA]2.0.CO;2
1693:"Perissodactyla (Rhinocerotidae and Equidae) from Kanapoi"
1011:
White rhinos are found in grassland and savannah habitat.
3076:. Ol Pejeta Conservancy. 12 February 2014. Archived from
2888:"1,000+ Rhinos Poached in 2013:Highest in Modern History"
1789:
African Rhino. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan
1655:
1653:
1460:"Why the name of the white rhinoceros is not appropriate"
548:
was ever used to describe the rhino outside of oral use.
1147:, the white rhino is under threat from habitat loss and
2289:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1631:
Sponheimer, M.; Reed, K. & Lee-Thorp, J.A. (2001).
2285:"The size of the largest marsupial and why it matters"
865:
Initially, six northern white rhinoceros lived in the
3524:
First test tube White Rhinoceros born at Budapest Zoo
2126:
2124:
2122:
1829:"White rhino dies in Czech zoo, seven left worldwide"
3536:
Poachers kill one of last two white rhinos in Zambia
3260:. North County Times (11 June 2007) via Web Archive.
2923:"Poachers Kill Rhino in Brazen Attack at French Zoo"
2093:
Pienaar, U. de V.; Van Wyk, P.; Fairall, N. (1966).
1524:
Skinner, J. D. & Chimimba, Christian T. (2005).
429: Presence uncertain & assisted colonisation
4371:
4110:
4020:
4004:
3976:
3952:
3928:
3895:
3878:
3705:
3688:
3101:"Northern white rhino eggs successfully fertilized"
2521:
3355:"Události ČT: Ve Dvoře Králové oplakávají Nabiré"
536:. Ironically, Dutch (and Afrikaans) later used a
423: Extant and assisted colonisation (Resident)
377: Extant and assisted colonisation (Resident)
3246:. Zoological Society of San Diego. pp. 1–3.
2949:"Poachers kill rhino for his horn at French zoo"
2784:"Rhino poaching in Africa reaches all-time high"
2663:Transactions of the Zoological Society of London
858:, this subspecies is a grazer in grasslands and
4440:Mammals of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3404:The Last Two Northern White Rhinos in the World
3377:"Northern White Rhinos | Ol Pejeta Conservancy"
2890:. National Geographic. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
1919:Groves, C.P.; Fernando, P; Robovský, J (2010).
754:. The first two of these are extinct; however,
3271:"Endangered white rhino dies at San Diego Zoo"
1753:
1751:
1749:
1527:The Mammals of the Southern African Sub-region
3608:
3401:Svenska, Anneka; Ross, Tom (16 August 2019).
2007:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T4183A45813838.en
1433:"World's last male northern white rhino dies"
1392:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T4185A45813880.en
8:
2616:Radloff, F. G. & Du Toit, J. T. (2004).
2417:Cromsigt, J. P. G. M.; Te Beest, M. (2014).
1895:"Last male northern white rhino is put down"
1080:White rhino female and young grazing in the
540:of the English word, and now also call it a
3411:(Documentary). Event occurs at 1:36–1:46.
2528:. University of California Press. pp.
2399:John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken 2005,
1530:. Cambridge University Press. p. 567.
27:Temporal range: Early Pleistocene - Recent
4098:
4017:
3892:
3864:
3702:
3674:
3615:
3601:
3593:
2554:The social system of the white rhinoceros.
2021:Bian, G.; Ma, L.; Su, Y.; Zhu, W. (2013).
1610:. Columbia University Press. p. 224.
397:
363:
329:
137:
110:
20:
3546:New baby rhino from frozen sperm – Madrid
3514:Narrated video about the White Rhinoceros
2886:Dell'Amore, Christine (17 January 2014).
2674:
2633:
2496:
2478:
2434:
2316:
2178:
2110:
2056:
2046:
2005:
1954:
1944:
1708:
1500:
1390:
991:of the white rhinoceros is 2581.22 Mb. A
2694:Rhino Information – Northern White Rhino
1893:Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (20 March 2018).
1265:Pair of white rhinos at the Tobu Zoo in
417: Extant and reintroduced (Resident)
4435:Mammals of the Central African Republic
3436:
3155:Dahir, Abdi Latif (11 September 2019).
2782:Szabo, Christopher (9 September 2013).
2707:West African black rhino feared extinct
2235:. Other Places Publishing. p. 63.
1549:
1547:
1310:
1187:In March 2017, poachers broke into the
3045:Sullivan, Deborah (20 December 2014).
2834:
2832:
2830:
2692:International Rhino Foundation. 2002.
2688:
2686:
1810:
1808:
1362:
1360:
916:White rhinos have three distinct toes.
842:or northern square-lipped rhinoceros (
4425:IUCN Red List near threatened species
3415:from the original on 17 November 2021
2996:. National Geographic. Archived from
2777:
2775:
2448:
2446:
2156:
2154:
2152:
1026:White rhinoceros wallowing in the mud
683:, with the Langebaanweg rhinos being
7:
4402:2F7648FB-0BFF-45F1-A739-808780C15079
3296:Ohlheiser, Abby (15 December 2014).
2083:. IUCN/SSC-AESG, Gland, Switzerland.
1851:Rare white rhino dies at safari park
1787:Emslie, R. & Brooks, M. (1999).
1668:Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
4465:Taxa named by William John Burchell
2232:Namibia (Other Places Travel Guide)
2135:. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
1993:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1378:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
479:) is the largest extant species of
2809:"Rhino Horn Use: Fact vs. Fiction"
1563:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1116:The southern white rhino lives in
659:in South Africa were analysed for
14:
3099:Ciaccia, Chris (26 August 2019).
2727:"WWF | Northern White Rhino"
1867:Drazen Jorgic (19 October 2014).
1827:Johnston, Raymond (2 June 2011).
575:, is derived from the Greek term
338:White rhinoceros original range.
4082:
4081:
3127:Fortin, Jacey (28 August 2019).
2635:10.1111/j.0021-8790.2004.00817.x
2262:. Greenwood Press. p. 185.
1849:Young, Ricky (14 December 2014)
1640:South African Journal of Science
1191:, which is located in France. A
1129:Democratic Republic of the Congo
925:, in which they differ from the
179:
3258:Northern white rhinos in danger
2864:Bürger, Vicus (28 March 2015).
2840:"African rhino poaching crisis"
2133:The New Encyclopedia of Mammals
579:(σιμός), meaning "flat nosed".
483:. It has a wide mouth used for
3483:International Rhino Foundation
3238:Swaisgood, Ron (Summer 2006).
3210:Cara, Anna (15 January 2020).
3019:Stampler, Laura (7 May 2014).
2925:. 7 March 2017. Archived from
2397:Atlas of Mammalian Chromosomes
2208:. Cambridge University Press.
2202:Owen-Smith, R. Norman (1992).
1:
2866:"Stropery: Koerier praat uit"
2748:Smith, Lewis (17 June 2008).
559:in 1868, is derived from the
3541:Rhino Webcam at Zoo Budapest
2480:10.1371/journal.pone.0098475
2048:10.1371/journal.pone.0070103
1946:10.1371/journal.pone.0009703
1710:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.07.013
879:phylogenetic species concept
781:in Tanzania, around 1.8 Ma.
507:on 19 March 2018 at age 45.
16:Species of large land mammal
3556:news.nationalgeographic.com
3052:The San Diego Union-Tribune
2596:African Wildlife Foundation
1212:Modern conservation tactics
1172:generally living in herds.
1125:Ceratotherium simum cottoni
844:Ceratotherium simum cottoni
591:Southern white rhinos near
308:Ceratotherium simum cottoni
4481:
4455:Mammals of Southern Africa
3493:World Wide Fund for Nature
3331:(in Czech). Archived from
2992:Gwin, Peter (March 2012).
1857:. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
1407:"Rhino population figures"
1123:The northern white rhino (
823:
788:
676:Ceratotherium mauritanicum
623:, as the type specimen of
4460:Mammals described in 1817
4079:
3867:
3863:
3677:
3673:
3635:
3444:Ceratotherium simum simum
2676:10.1017/S0030605300006815
2622:Journal of Animal Ecology
1873:The Sydney Morning Herald
1817:. olpejetaconservancy.org
1481:Groves, Colin P. (1972).
1458:Rookmaaker, Kees (2003).
1282:San Diego Zoo Safari Park
1240:On 22 August 2019, using
1193:southern white rhinoceros
1082:Pilanesberg National Park
840:northern white rhinoceros
826:Northern white rhinoceros
820:Northern white rhinoceros
791:Southern white rhinoceros
785:Southern white rhinoceros
555:, given by the zoologist
497:northern white rhinoceros
493:southern white rhinoceros
441:
434:
405:
396:
371:
362:
337:
328:
317:Ceratotherium simum simum
305:
300:
281:
274:
176:Scientific classification
174:
157:
135:
126:
118:
109:
23:
2951:. BBC News. 7 March 2017
2756:. London. Archived from
2712:20 February 2007 at the
2256:Newton, Michael (2009).
2229:Allen, Jeremiah (2010).
1137:African Parks Foundation
471:square-lipped rhinoceros
3580:genome assembly in the
3529:6 February 2007 at the
3519:White Rhino description
3381:olpejetaconservancy.org
2901:"Rhino Poaching Update"
2567:"Factfile: white rhino"
2436:10.1111/1365-2745.12218
2295:(Supplement 3): S34–6.
2112:10.4102/koedoe.v9i1.778
1554:Geraads, Denis (2005).
1059:A white rhinoceros calf
593:Waterberg National Park
527:In Solio Reserve, Kenya
411: Extant (Resident)
4445:Mammals of South Sudan
4050:South American tapir (
3277:. AP. 22 November 2015
2592:"Wildlife: Rhinoceros"
2520:Richard Estes (1991).
2368:Smithsonian Misc. Coll
2364:"The white rhinoceros"
2341:"Buyers of Rhino Horn"
2301:10.1098/rsbl.2003.0095
2161:Groves, C. P. (1972).
2131:Macdonald, D. (2001).
1329:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
1323:"Order Perissodactyla"
1273:
1229:
1168:
1113:
1094:Mala Mala Game Reserve
1084:
1060:
1027:
984:
967:
956:
917:
898:
835:
670:Ceratotherium neumayri
596:
583:Taxonomy and evolution
528:
520:
391: Possibly extinct
119:A white rhinoceros in
4330:Paleobiology Database
3940:Sumatran rhinoceros (
3473:Rhino Resource Center
3184:"Living on the brink"
2815:. PBS. 20 August 2008
1815:Northern White Rhinos
1604:Turner, Alan (2004).
1295:Ol Pejeta Conservancy
1264:
1219:
1166:
1133:Garamba National Park
1111:
1079:
1058:
1025:
982:
962:
954:
915:
896:
883:Ceratotherium cottoni
871:Ol Pejeta Conservancy
848:critically endangered
833:
706:(now synonymous with
704:Ceratotherium efficax
645:Ceratotherium praecox
641:Ceratotherium praecox
625:Ceratotherium praecox
621:Ceratotherium praecox
601:Ceratotherium praecox
590:
526:
518:
3747:Przewalski's horse (
3627:(Odd-toed ungulates)
3469:White Rhino Pictures
2696:. 19 September 2006.
2000:: e.T4183A45813838.
1691:Geraads, D. (2020).
1385:: e.T4185A45813880.
1220:White rhinoceros at
1202:Kruger National Park
1182:Kruger National Park
1040:mark their territory
1007:Behavior and ecology
702:is considered to be
627:should, in fact, be
4142:Ceratotherium simum
4112:Ceratotherium simum
3907:Indian rhinoceros (
3630:species by suborder
3582:UCSC Genome Browser
3562:on 15 December 2017
3449:Ceratotherium simum
3303:The Washington Post
3256:Eastman, Q. (2007)
3000:on 19 February 2012
2973:. NPR. 7 March 2017
2729:. Worldwildlife.org
2705:IUCN (7 July 2006)
2657:Sydney, J. (1965).
2471:2014PLoSO...998475C
2362:Heller, E. (1913).
2165:Ceratotherium simum
2039:2013PLoSO...870103B
1982:Ceratotherium simum
1978:Emslie, R. (2020).
1937:2010PLoSO...5.9703G
1739:Geraads, D., 2010.
1485:Ceratotherium simum
1371:Ceratotherium simum
1367:Emslie, R. (2020).
1204:) by searching for
1151:, most recently by
963:Closeup of skin at
852:extinct in the wild
758:is very similar to
756:C. germanoafricanum
743:C. germanoafricanum
665:Ceratotherium simum
567:(κέρας) "horn" and
476:Ceratotherium simum
285:Ceratotherium simum
129:Conservation status
3988:Black rhinoceros (
3964:White rhinoceros (
3916:Javan rhinoceros (
3778:African wild ass (
3335:on 5 November 2014
3134:The New York Times
2903:. Siyabonga Africa
2813:Nature: Rhinoceros
2423:Journal of Ecology
1670:pp. 275–294.
1274:
1230:
1169:
1114:
1085:
1061:
1028:
985:
968:
957:
944:, which are solid
918:
899:
836:
728:Middle Pleistocene
597:
571:(θηρίον) "beast".
529:
521:
4450:Mammals of Uganda
4412:
4411:
4104:Taxon identifiers
4095:
4094:
4075:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4014:
4000:
3999:
3889:
3859:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3749:E. f. przewalskii
3722:
3699:
3628:
3489:White Rhino entry
3479:White Rhino entry
3329:zoodvurkralove.cz
3080:on 9 October 2014
2539:978-0-520-08085-0
2405:978-0-471-35015-6
2269:978-0-313-35906-4
2242:978-0-9822619-6-5
2215:978-0-521-42637-4
2171:Mammalian Species
1677:978-90-481-9961-7
1617:978-0-231-11944-3
1537:978-0-521-84418-5
1492:Mammalian Species
1342:978-0-8018-8221-0
1262:
1077:
1038:. Dominant bulls
750:, and the extant
720:Early Pleistocene
710:, known from the
459:
458:
453:
353: Southern (
343: Northern (
169:
152:
4472:
4405:
4404:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4373:Rhinoceros simus
4364:
4363:
4351:
4350:
4338:
4337:
4325:
4324:
4312:
4311:
4299:
4298:
4286:
4285:
4273:
4272:
4260:
4259:
4247:
4246:
4234:
4233:
4221:
4220:
4208:
4207:
4195:
4194:
4182:
4181:
4169:
4168:
4156:
4155:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4099:
4085:
4084:
4041:Mountain tapir (
4018:
4013:
4012:
4008:
3893:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3865:
3834:Mountain zebra (
3758:Domestic horse (
3721:
3720:
3712:
3703:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3675:
3626:
3617:
3610:
3603:
3594:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3558:. Archived from
3509:Philadelphia Zoo
3465:White Rhino Info
3452:
3441:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3357:(in Czech). CT24
3351:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3267:
3261:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2897:
2891:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2836:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2779:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2723:
2717:
2703:
2697:
2690:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2637:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2571:savetherhino.org
2563:
2557:
2552:Owen-Smith, N. "
2550:
2544:
2543:
2527:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2500:
2482:
2450:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2414:
2408:
2393:
2387:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2343:. Poaching Facts
2337:
2331:
2330:
2320:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2182:
2158:
2147:
2146:
2128:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2090:
2084:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2060:
2050:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1958:
1948:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1864:
1858:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1835:. Archived from
1824:
1818:
1812:
1803:
1802:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1763:
1755:
1744:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1712:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1657:
1648:
1647:
1637:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1560:
1551:
1542:
1541:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1504:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1411:SaveTheRhino.org
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1364:
1355:
1354:
1315:
1287:Dvůr Králové Zoo
1263:
1222:Seoul Grand Park
1078:
867:Dvůr Králové Zoo
846:) is considered
708:C. mauritanicum)
636:Diceros bicornis
557:John Edward Gray
534:black rhinoceros
463:white rhinoceros
447:
445:Rhinoceros simum
428:
422:
416:
410:
401:
390:
389:
382:
376:
367:
352:
342:
333:
287:
184:
183:
163:
146:
141:
140:
114:
104:
34:
24:White rhinoceros
21:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4469:
4415:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4400:
4395:
4386:
4385:
4380:
4367:
4359:
4354:
4346:
4341:
4333:
4328:
4320:
4317:Observation.org
4315:
4307:
4302:
4294:
4289:
4281:
4276:
4268:
4263:
4255:
4250:
4242:
4237:
4229:
4224:
4216:
4211:
4203:
4198:
4190:
4185:
4177:
4172:
4164:
4159:
4151:
4149:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4106:
4096:
4091:
4067:
4059:Malayan tapir (
4032:Baird's tapir (
4010:
4009:
3996:
3972:
3948:
3924:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3874:
3851:
3843:Grévy's zebra (
3714:
3713:
3711:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3684:
3669:
3631:
3625:Perissodactyla
3621:
3565:
3563:
3550:
3531:Wayback Machine
3461:
3456:
3455:
3442:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3418:
3416:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3385:
3383:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3360:
3358:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3338:
3336:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3308:
3306:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3280:
3278:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3255:
3251:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3222:
3220:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3194:
3192:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3167:
3165:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3139:
3137:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3111:
3109:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3083:
3081:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3057:
3055:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3029:
3027:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3003:
3001:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2976:
2974:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2954:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2932:
2930:
2929:on 8 March 2017
2921:
2920:
2916:
2906:
2904:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2885:
2881:
2871:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2838:
2837:
2828:
2818:
2816:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2792:
2790:
2781:
2780:
2773:
2763:
2761:
2760:on 29 June 2011
2747:
2746:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2714:Wayback Machine
2704:
2700:
2691:
2684:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2598:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2575:
2573:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2551:
2547:
2540:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2452:
2451:
2444:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2394:
2390:
2383:
2379:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2346:
2344:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2270:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2243:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2216:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2180:10.2307/3503966
2160:
2159:
2150:
2143:
2130:
2129:
2120:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2078:
2074:
2020:
2019:
2015:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1877:
1875:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1848:
1844:
1839:on 5 June 2011.
1826:
1825:
1821:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1771:
1769:
1761:
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1747:
1738:
1734:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1659:
1658:
1651:
1635:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1618:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1558:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1502:10.2307/3503966
1480:
1479:
1475:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1442:
1440:
1439:. 20 March 2018
1431:
1430:
1426:
1416:
1414:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1366:
1365:
1358:
1343:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1252:
1250:
1214:
1161:
1118:Southern Africa
1106:
1067:
1053:
1009:
1001:sex chromosomes
977:
891:
828:
822:
793:
787:
774:southern Europe
738:northern Africa
733:C. mauritanicum
693:Diceros praecox
661:carbon isotopes
649:Diceros praecox
630:Diceros praecox
585:
513:
430:
426:
424:
420:
418:
414:
412:
408:
392:
387:
386:
384:
380:
378:
374:
358:
350:
348:
340:
315:
296:
289:
283:
270:
178:
170:
153:
144:Near Threatened
142:
138:
131:
105:
103:
102:
101:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4478:
4476:
4468:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4417:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4393:
4377:
4375:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4352:
4339:
4326:
4313:
4300:
4287:
4274:
4261:
4248:
4235:
4222:
4209:
4196:
4183:
4170:
4157:
4147:
4132:
4116:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4093:
4092:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4056:
4047:
4038:
4028:
4026:
4015:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3984:
3982:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3960:
3958:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3942:D. sumatrensis
3936:
3934:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3913:
3903:
3901:
3890:
3886:(Rhinoceroses)
3880:Rhinocerotidae
3876:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3840:
3831:
3825:Plains zebra (
3812:
3811:
3802:
3793:
3784:
3765:
3764:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3725:
3723:
3700:
3696:(Horse family)
3686:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3665:Laurasiatheria
3661:
3655:
3649:
3643:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3597:
3591:
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3572:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3486:
3476:
3460:
3459:External links
3457:
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2892:
2879:
2856:
2826:
2800:
2771:
2740:
2718:
2698:
2682:
2649:
2628:(3): 410–423.
2608:
2583:
2558:
2545:
2538:
2512:
2442:
2429:(3): 566–575.
2409:
2388:
2377:
2354:
2332:
2275:
2268:
2248:
2241:
2221:
2214:
2194:
2148:
2141:
2118:
2085:
2072:
2013:
1970:
1911:
1885:
1859:
1842:
1833:Czech Position
1819:
1804:
1797:
1779:
1745:
1741:Rhinocerotidae
1732:
1683:
1676:
1649:
1623:
1616:
1596:
1569:(2): 451–461.
1543:
1536:
1516:
1473:
1450:
1424:
1398:
1356:
1341:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1249:
1246:
1213:
1210:
1160:
1157:
1105:
1102:
1052:
1049:
1045:urine spraying
1008:
1005:
976:
973:
890:
887:
877:Following the
824:Main article:
821:
818:
789:Main article:
786:
783:
611:. A review of
584:
581:
519:Rhinos grazing
512:
509:
457:
456:
455:
454:
450:Burchell, 1817
439:
438:
432:
431:
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298:
297:
290:
279:
278:
272:
271:
264:
262:
258:
257:
250:
246:
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243:Rhinocerotidae
240:
236:
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233:Perissodactyla
230:
226:
225:
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185:
172:
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61:
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51:
46:
41:
36:
35:
26:
15:
13:
10:
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4:
3:
2:
4477:
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4232:
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4219:
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4201:
4197:
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4188:
4184:
4180:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4148:
4143:
4137:
4133:
4128:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4100:
4090:
4089:
4078:
4064:
4062:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4052:T. terrestris
4048:
4046:
4044:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4016:
4007:
4003:
3993:
3991:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3969:
3967:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3955:Ceratotherium
3951:
3945:
3943:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3921:
3919:
3914:
3912:
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3900:
3899:
3894:
3891:
3881:
3877:
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3862:
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3839:
3837:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3822:
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3813:
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3808:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3785:
3783:
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3752:
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3724:
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3672:
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3654:
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3644:
3642:
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3637:
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3606:
3604:
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3583:
3579:
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3534:
3532:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3504:San Diego Zoo
3502:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3463:
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3437:
3430:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3397:
3394:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3369:
3356:
3350:
3347:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3317:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3292:
3289:
3276:
3272:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3250:
3245:
3241:
3234:
3231:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3206:
3203:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3179:
3176:
3164:
3163:
3162:Quartz Africa
3158:
3151:
3148:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3123:
3120:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3095:
3092:
3079:
3075:
3069:
3066:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3041:
3038:
3026:
3022:
3015:
3012:
2999:
2995:
2988:
2985:
2972:
2966:
2963:
2950:
2944:
2941:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2915:
2902:
2896:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2867:
2860:
2857:
2845:
2841:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2789:
2785:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2744:
2741:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2650:
2645:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2609:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2584:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2541:
2535:
2531:
2526:
2525:
2516:
2513:
2508:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2465:(6): e98475.
2464:
2460:
2456:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2413:
2410:
2406:
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2392:
2389:
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2373:
2369:
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2336:
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2328:
2324:
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2298:
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2279:
2276:
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2265:
2261:
2260:
2252:
2249:
2244:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2225:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2198:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2166:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2142:0-19-850823-9
2138:
2134:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2033:(7): e70103.
2032:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2014:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1974:
1971:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1912:
1900:
1896:
1889:
1886:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1855:U-T San Diego
1852:
1846:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1798:2-8317-0502-9
1794:
1790:
1783:
1780:
1767:
1760:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1687:
1684:
1679:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1624:
1619:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1600:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1520:
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1512:
1508:
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1498:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1486:
1477:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1451:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1268:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1228:, South Korea
1227:
1223:
1218:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1177:
1173:
1165:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1110:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1083:
1065:
1057:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1006:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
981:
974:
972:
966:
961:
953:
949:
947:
943:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
914:
910:
908:
904:
895:
888:
886:
884:
880:
875:
872:
868:
863:
861:
857:
853:
850:and possibly
849:
845:
841:
832:
827:
819:
817:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
792:
784:
782:
780:
779:Olduvai Gorge
775:
771:
767:
766:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
744:
739:
735:
734:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
712:Late Pliocene
709:
705:
701:
700:Ceratotherium
696:
694:
690:
686:
685:Ceratotherium
682:
678:
677:
672:
671:
666:
662:
658:
654:
653:Ceratotherium
650:
646:
642:
638:
637:
632:
631:
626:
622:
618:
617:Ceratotherium
614:
610:
606:
602:
594:
589:
582:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
553:Ceratotherium
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
525:
517:
510:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
477:
472:
468:
464:
451:
446:
443:
442:
440:
437:
433:
404:
400:
395:
383: Extinct
370:
366:
361:
356:
346:
345:C. s. cottoni
336:
332:
327:
324:
322:
318:
313:
309:
304:
299:
294:
288:
286:
280:
277:
276:Binomial name
273:
269:
268:
267:C. simum
263:
260:
259:
256:
255:
254:Ceratotherium
251:
248:
247:
244:
241:
238:
237:
234:
231:
228:
227:
224:
221:
218:
217:
214:
211:
208:
207:
204:
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198:
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4043:T. pinchaque
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3931:Dicerorhinus
3929:
3918:R. sondaicus
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3909:R. unicornis
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3871:Ceratomorpha
3869:
3844:
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3780:E. africanus
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3738:Wild horse (
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3564:. Retrieved
3560:the original
3555:
3499:Honolulu Zoo
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3409:Animal Watch
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3333:the original
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3078:the original
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2998:the original
2994:"Rhino Wars"
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2927:the original
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2758:the original
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1899:The Guardian
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1837:the original
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1765:
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1697:J. Hum. Evol
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1327:Wilson, D.E.
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1275:
1248:In captivity
1239:
1235:
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1122:
1115:
1104:Distribution
1098:South Africa
1086:
1062:
1051:Reproduction
1033:
1029:
1010:
1003:(XX or XY).
993:diploid cell
986:
969:
919:
907:hippopotamus
900:
882:
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266:
265:
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121:South Africa
18:
4226:iNaturalist
4136:Wikispecies
3990:D. bicornis
3819:Hippotigris
3798:E. hemionus
3760:E. caballus
3715:(including
3681:Hippomorpha
3663:Superorder
3657:Infraclass
3566:14 December
3244:CRES Report
2868:. Netwerk24
2788:Environment
2347:4 September
1145:black rhino
995:has 2 x 40
989:genome size
889:Description
862:woodlands.
765:C. neumayri
748:East Africa
689:C. neumayri
657:Makapansgat
647:is in fact
467:white rhino
355:C. s. simum
301:Subspecies
30:1.8–0
4430:Dicerotini
4419:Categories
4388:Q122365851
4061:T. indicus
4034:T. bairdii
3898:Rhinoceros
3451:in Africa.
3223:16 January
2173:(8): 1–6.
1703:: 102373.
1646:: 327–328.
1495:(8): 1–6.
1306:References
1189:Thoiry Zoo
997:autosomals
965:Lisbon Zoo
619:, but not
489:subspecies
481:rhinoceros
162:Appendix I
4006:Tapiridae
3845:E. grevyi
3827:E. quagga
3816:Subgenus
3789:E. asinus
3769:Subgenus
3729:Subgenus
3574:View the
3419:27 August
3195:3 January
3189:BBC Earth
3140:3 January
3112:27 August
2754:The Times
2489:1932-6203
1766:CITES.org
1464:Pachyderm
1319:Grubb, P.
1206:geotagged
1153:Janjaweed
1143:Like the
1013:Herbivore
955:The skull
768:from the
655:found at
609:Cape Town
595:, Namibia
261:Species:
199:Kingdom:
193:Eukaryota
4382:Wikidata
4343:Species+
4296:14100050
4244:10228978
4150:BioLib:
4121:Wikidata
4088:Category
4011:(Tapirs)
3966:C. simum
3836:E. zebra
3807:E. kiang
3796:Onager (
3787:Donkey (
3740:E. ferus
3659:Eutheria
3653:Mammalia
3647:Chordata
3641:Animalia
3639:Kingdom
3527:Archived
3495:website.
3485:website.
3475:website.
3413:Archived
3361:25 March
3309:25 March
3281:25 March
3275:Fox News
3217:ABC News
3106:Fox News
3084:25 March
3058:25 March
3030:25 March
3004:25 March
2977:25 March
2955:25 March
2933:25 March
2872:25 March
2849:25 March
2819:25 March
2793:25 March
2710:Archived
2601:25 March
2576:25 March
2507:24901244
2459:PLOS ONE
2407:, S. 678
2327:15101412
2067:23922920
2027:PLOS ONE
1965:20383328
1925:PLOS ONE
1904:25 March
1878:25 March
1727:12522299
1719:28966048
1591:52105151
1470:: 88–93.
1443:20 March
1417:18 March
1351:62265494
1321:(2005).
1291:Angalifu
1226:Gwacheon
1159:Poaching
1149:poaching
1036:solitary
903:elephant
814:Eswatini
806:Zimbabwe
802:Botswana
760:C. simum
752:C. simum
730:species
724:Tanzania
718:and the
716:Ethiopia
681:C. simum
436:Synonyms
321:southern
312:northern
293:Burchell
239:Family:
223:Mammalia
213:Chordata
209:Phylum:
203:Animalia
189:Domain:
149:IUCN 3.1
4397:ZooBank
4283:1006111
4218:2440880
4127:Q159918
4023:Tapirus
3979:Diceros
3805:Kiang (
3690:Equidae
3645:Phylum
3623:Extant
3577:cerSim1
3471:on the
3386:29 July
3339:29 July
2907:22 July
2764:7 April
2733:7 April
2644:3505651
2498:4047034
2467:Bibcode
2318:1810005
2309:4142550
2189:3503966
2058:3724812
2035:Bibcode
1986:cottoni
1956:2850923
1933:Bibcode
1772:3 April
1768:. CITES
1583:4524458
1511:3503966
1267:Saitama
1016:grazers
942:antlers
923:keratin
860:savanna
798:Namibia
770:Miocene
569:thērion
485:grazing
295:, 1817)
249:Genus:
229:Order:
219:Class:
164: (
147: (
99:↓
4335:115823
4257:625001
4205:KRTTSI
4192:311503
3772:Asinus
3717:Zebras
3651:Class
3467:&
2750:"News"
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1339:
1242:(ICSI)
999:and 2
975:Genome
935:cattle
931:bovids
856:Sahara
810:Uganda
613:fossil
563:terms
538:calque
511:Naming
491:: the
427:
421:
415:
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381:
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4348:10255
4322:82314
4239:IRMNG
4231:43348
4166:26134
4153:33432
3732:Equus
3708:Equus
3431:Notes
2640:JSTOR
2305:JSTOR
2185:JSTOR
2105:(1).
1984:ssp.
1762:(PDF)
1723:S2CID
1636:(PDF)
1587:S2CID
1579:JSTOR
1559:(PDF)
1507:JSTOR
1325:. In
1300:Kenya
1271:Japan
927:horns
607:near
577:simos
573:Simum
565:keras
561:Greek
542:white
505:Kenya
501:Sudan
166:CITES
160:CITES
4361:3722
4309:9807
4304:NCBI
4270:4185
4265:IUCN
4252:ITIS
4213:GBIF
4200:EPPO
4179:SQFF
4161:BOLD
3568:2017
3421:2019
3388:2015
3363:2018
3341:2015
3311:2018
3283:2018
3225:2022
3197:2020
3170:2019
3142:2020
3114:2019
3086:2018
3060:2018
3032:2018
3025:Time
3006:2018
2979:2018
2957:2018
2935:2018
2909:2022
2874:2018
2851:2018
2821:2018
2795:2018
2766:2009
2735:2009
2603:2018
2578:2018
2534:ISBN
2503:PMID
2485:ISSN
2401:ISBN
2374:(1).
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2323:PMID
2264:ISBN
2237:ISBN
2210:ISBN
2137:ISBN
2063:PMID
1998:2020
1961:PMID
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1880:2018
1793:ISBN
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1715:PMID
1672:ISBN
1612:ISBN
1532:ISBN
1445:2018
1419:2023
1383:2020
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