27:
34:
230:. The upper sand sheet correlates with one found elsewhere on the Sendai Plain. In both cases the identified deposits are younger than the Towada ash layer, dated to AD 915. There remains some uncertainty as to the identification of individual deposits, due to the presence of deposits apparently related to the
201:
The magnitude of this earthquake has been estimated using the extent and distribution of tsunami deposits thought to have been formed by the triggered tsunami. A maximum inundation in the range 1.0 to 2.5 km has been inferred from the deposits. Modelling of possible earthquake ruptures gives an
26:
522:
226:
Two sand sheets were found during investigations of "scour ponds", erosional features found along beach ridges formed by tsunamis of major storm events, on the edge of the
419:
313:"Paleotsunami history along the northern Japan trench based on sequential dating of the continuous geological record potentially inundated only by large tsunamis"
218:
Apart from a brief mention in the priests' diaries the knowledge of the extent of this tsunami comes entirely from the interpretation of tsunami deposits.
884:
964:
477:
198:. The entry for this earthquake just gives the date and time and mentions a major tsunami that drowned many people along the coast of Tohoku.
899:
90:
869:
412:
537:
803:
919:
597:
653:
194:
The only records of this event come from a set of diaries, known as "Oudai-ki", kept by priests in a temple in present-day
1068:
1020:
1004:
874:
864:
768:
763:
748:
733:
693:
502:
405:
272:"Shorter intervals between great earthquakes near Sendai: Scour ponds and a sand layer attributable to A.D. 1454 overwash"
562:
979:
914:
813:
783:
658:
638:
428:
1047:
663:
703:
1073:
1042:
889:
849:
728:
532:
507:
989:
974:
954:
944:
939:
668:
648:
607:
552:
482:
472:
462:
969:
909:
894:
808:
798:
688:
592:
542:
457:
174:
73:
572:
547:
447:
1030:
949:
929:
854:
844:
839:
818:
793:
778:
753:
738:
723:
698:
673:
643:
633:
612:
557:
517:
512:
492:
467:
452:
442:
231:
207:
934:
904:
859:
788:
773:
758:
713:
708:
678:
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527:
497:
169:
regions of Japan were struck by major earthquake at midnight on 23 November 1454, which triggered a large
984:
959:
924:
834:
743:
718:
617:
602:
234:, as the time gap between the two earthquakes is small compared to the accuracy of the dating method.
1025:
999:
994:
879:
487:
373:
324:
283:
195:
683:
577:
1035:
342:
135:
381:
332:
291:
362:"Supercycle in great earthquake recurrence along the Japan Trench over the last 4000 years"
183:
162:
377:
328:
287:
311:
Ishizawa, T.; Goto, K.; Nishimura, Y.; Miayairi, Y.; Sawada, C.; Yokoyama, Y. (2022).
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346:
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245:
227:
241:
386:
361:
125:
105:
92:
237:
270:
Sawai, Y.; Namegaya, Y.; Tamura, T.; Nakashuima, R.; Tanigawa, K. (2015).
296:
271:
397:
170:
166:
173:
that led to many deaths. It had an estimated magnitude of about 8.4
401:
360:
Usami, K.; Ikehara, K.; Kanamatsu, T.; McHugh, C.M. (2018).
33:
206: 8.4. with a rupture area the same as for the
1013:
827:
626:
435:
151:
143:
131:
121:
84:
68:
60:
45:
265:
263:
261:
248:have also been correlated with the 1454 tsunami.
413:
8:
16:
420:
406:
398:
15:
385:
336:
295:
175:
74:
257:
7:
17:1454 Kyōtoku earthquake and tsunami
182:, based on the extent of observed
14:
32:
25:
338:10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107381
1:
1021:Nankai megathrust earthquakes
276:Geophysical Research Letters
1048:Matsushiro earthquake swarm
965:2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi
1090:
317:Quaternary Science Reviews
387:10.1186/s40562-018-0110-2
21:
1043:South Kantō earthquakes
232:1611 Sanriku earthquake
804:1994 offshore Sanriku
759:1973 Nemuro Peninsula
1069:Earthquakes in Japan
1031:Tōnankai earthquakes
429:Earthquakes in Japan
297:10.1002/2015GL064167
208:869 Jōgan earthquake
196:Yamanashi Prefecture
378:2018GSL.....5...11U
329:2022QSRv..27907381I
288:2015GeoRL..42.4795S
102: /
18:
1036:Nankai earthquakes
875:2007 Kuril Islands
865:2006 Kuril Islands
764:1974 Izu Peninsula
734:1963 Kuril Islands
533:1771 Great Yaeyama
366:Geoscience Letters
1074:Tsunamis in Japan
1056:
1055:
1026:Tōkai earthquakes
885:2008 Iwate–Miyagi
784:1983 Sea of Japan
659:1925 North Tajima
639:1911 Kikai Island
282:(12): 4795–4800.
159:
158:
136:Miyagi Prefecture
1081:
1014:Related articles
814:2000 Izu Islands
664:1927 North Tango
654:1923 Great Kantō
422:
415:
408:
399:
392:
391:
389:
357:
351:
350:
340:
308:
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267:
222:Tsunami deposits
184:tsunami deposits
180:
117:
116:
114:
113:
112:
107:
103:
100:
99:
98:
95:
79:
56:
54:
49:23 November 1454
36:
35:
29:
19:
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1084:
1083:
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1080:
1079:
1078:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1009:
1005:2024 Hyūga-nada
823:
769:1978 Izu Ōshima
749:1968 Hyūga-nada
729:1961 North Mino
694:1941 Hyūga-nada
622:
598:1891 Mino–Owari
503:1662 Hyūga-nada
431:
426:
396:
395:
359:
358:
354:
310:
309:
305:
269:
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259:
254:
240:sands found in
224:
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89:
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78:
61:Local time
52:
50:
46:Local date
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12:
11:
5:
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1007:
1002:
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990:2022 Fukushima
987:
982:
977:
975:2021 Fukushima
972:
967:
962:
957:
955:2016 Fukushima
952:
947:
942:
940:2015 Ogasawara
937:
932:
927:
922:
920:2011 Fukushima
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912:
907:
902:
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766:
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746:
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736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
669:1930 North Izu
666:
661:
656:
651:
649:1922 Shimabara
646:
641:
636:
630:
628:
624:
623:
621:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
439:
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433:
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425:
424:
417:
410:
402:
394:
393:
352:
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256:
255:
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223:
220:
215:
212:
203:
191:
188:
177:
157:
156:
153:
149:
148:
145:
141:
140:
133:
132:Areas affected
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
106:38.5°N 143.8°E
86:
82:
81:
76:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
47:
43:
42:
31:
30:
24:
23:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1086:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
970:2019 Yamagata
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
945:2016 Kumamoto
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
910:2011 Shizuoka
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
895:2009 Shizuoka
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
832:
830:
826:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
799:1993 Okushiri
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
704:1944 Tōnankai
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
689:1940 Shakotan
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
631:
629:
625:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
593:1889 Kumamoto
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
563:1854 Iga–Ueno
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
543:1804 Kisakata
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
458:1293 Kamakura
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
440:
438:
434:
430:
423:
418:
416:
411:
409:
404:
403:
400:
388:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
356:
353:
348:
344:
339:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
307:
304:
298:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
266:
264:
262:
258:
251:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
233:
229:
221:
219:
213:
211:
209:
202:estimate of M
199:
197:
189:
187:
185:
181:
172:
168:
164:
154:
150:
146:
142:
137:
134:
130:
127:
124:
120:
115:
87:
83:
80:
71:
67:
63:
59:
48:
44:
28:
20:
950:2016 Tottori
930:2012 Sanriku
870:2007 Chūetsu
855:2005 Fukuoka
850:2004 Chūetsu
845:2003 Tokachi
828:21st century
819:2000 Tottori
809:1995 Hanshin
794:1993 Kushiro
779:1982 Urakawa
754:1968 Tokachi
739:1964 Niigata
724:1952 Tokachi
699:1943 Tottori
674:1933 Sanriku
644:1914 Senboku
634:1909 Anegawa
627:20th century
613:1896 Sanriku
558:1847 Zenkoji
513:1703 Genroku
493:1611 Sanriku
478:1596 Fushimi
443:679 Tsukushi
369:
365:
355:
320:
316:
306:
279:
275:
246:Japan Trench
242:core samples
236:
228:Sendai Plain
225:
217:
200:
193:
160:
980:2021 Miyagi
935:2014 Nagano
915:2011 Miyagi
905:2011 Nagano
900:2011 Tōhoku
860:2005 Miyagi
840:2003 Miyagi
789:1984 Nagano
774:1978 Miyagi
714:1946 Nankai
709:1945 Mikawa
679:1936 Miyagi
608:1894 Shōnai
588:1872 Hamada
583:1858 Hietsu
568:1854 Nankai
553:1833 Shōnai
528:1751 Takada
498:1662 Kanbun
483:1605 Keichō
473:1586 Tenshō
463:1361 Shōhei
111:38.5; 143.8
109: /
1063:Categories
985:2021 Chiba
960:2018 Osaka
925:2012 Chiba
890:2008 Iwate
835:2001 Geiyo
744:1968 Ebino
719:1948 Fukui
618:1896 Rikuu
603:1894 Tokyo
573:1854 Tōkai
548:1828 Sanjō
538:1792 Unzen
523:1741 Kampo
448:684 Hakuho
436:Historical
372:(11): 11.
252:References
190:Earthquake
152:Casualties
126:Megathrust
53:1454-11-23
1000:2024 Noto
995:2023 Noto
880:2007 Noto
518:1707 Hōei
508:1677 Bōsō
488:1611 Aizu
468:1498 Meiō
453:869 Jōgan
347:246509568
238:Turbidite
85:Epicenter
69:Magnitude
684:1939 Oga
578:1855 Edo
97:143°48′E
64:Midnight
374:Bibcode
325:Bibcode
284:Bibcode
244:in the
214:Tsunami
171:tsunami
144:Tsunami
94:38°30′N
51: (
345:
167:Tohoku
343:S2CID
163:Kanto
139:Japan
165:and
161:The
155:Many
122:Type
72:8.4
382:doi
333:doi
321:279
292:doi
147:Yes
1065::
380:.
368:.
364:.
341:.
331:.
323:.
319:.
315:.
290:.
280:42
278:.
274:.
260:^
210:.
186:.
421:e
414:t
407:v
390:.
384::
376::
370:5
349:.
335::
327::
300:.
294::
286::
204:w
178:w
176:M
77:w
75:M
55:)
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