403:
51:
38:
523:
58:
81:
67:
347:
in the east of the Sea of
Marmara. Major shocks occurred at half-hour intervals and were violent and protracted in nature, forcing residents to seek refuge in open parks and squares. Aftershocks were said to have continued for 18 days without causing any further damage but delayed reconstruction in
569:
and it was ordered that all buildings to be built in the capital be made of wood-frame material. Afterward, an empire-wide initiative was launched to reconstruct the city. Tens of thousands of workers, stonemasons and carpenters were brought to
Istanbul from both
586:
Due to the endless aftershocks and the destruction and loss caused by the earthquake, Ottoman historians and the people described the disaster as Minor
Judgment Day (Kıyamet-i Suğra). This phrase comes from an
1103:
618:'s court. European interpretations at the time viewed the earthquake as a sort of punishment, a punishment from God set upon the Turks for taking up arms against European Christians. Similarly, Sultan
303:
there is a single main fault segment with a sharp bend. To the west, the fault trends west–east and is pure strike-slip in type. To the east, the fault is NW-SE trending and shows evidence of
359:
region, many houses were flooded. Seismologists and geologists believe that the tsunami observed in the Sea of
Marmara was not only related to the earthquake, but also caused by
879:
1096:
1089:
622:
saw it as a punishment from God, however he attributed the punishment to the wrongdoings of his ministers. It has been suggested that the French astrologer and seer
1499:
534:
was not damaged but
Bayezid II's bedroom collapsed at the tremor, with the sultan only saved by the fact he had left his chambers a few hours earlier to get up to
1003:
506:
The number of dead and injured is hard to estimate, with different sources giving accounts varying from 1,000 to 13,000. It is believed that some members of the
1863:
1783:
557:) convened after the quake and made decisions to deal with the effects of the disaster. Constantinople had to be reconstructed and an additional tax of 22
50:
441:
109 mosques were utterly destroyed, while most of those left standing suffered damage to their minarets. While 1070 homes collapsed, 49 towers along the
1738:
351:
A tsunami is mentioned in some sources with a run-up of greater than 6.0 m (19.7 ft), but discounted in others. The waves that surpassed the
414:
1768:
1788:
1461:
908:
843:
1682:
1808:
1592:
2029:
1492:
1978:
2009:
1537:
1062:
670:
550:
1958:
1918:
1893:
1763:
1052:
1758:
1446:
495:
inside the dome fell off, revealing the
Christian images. Damage occurred to the Hadım Ali Pasha Mosque, and six columns and the
1778:
1773:
1456:
970:
778:"Asymmetric slip partitioning in the Sea of Marmara pull-apart: a clue to propagation processes of the North Anatolian Fault?"
143:
2004:
1602:
1485:
1315:
1112:
644:
1748:
607:
488:
survived almost unscathed, although a minaret collapsed. Inside the mosque, the plaster that had been used to cover up the
1557:
1542:
1508:
1431:
1411:
1289:
1192:
1126:
847:
639:
626:, who was alive at the time of the earthquake, may have referred to the 1509 earthquake in the stanza number II.52 of his
974:
1677:
1421:
1330:
500:
1953:
1923:
2034:
1466:
1386:
1029:
446:
255:
followed the earthquake. The death toll of this earthquake is poorly known; estimates range between 1,000 and 13,000.
1843:
1798:
1793:
1662:
1325:
578:. Beginning on March 29, 1510, construction works in the city were undergone hastily and completed on June 1, 1510.
1999:
1968:
1943:
1938:
1928:
1728:
1702:
1692:
1381:
1361:
299:
from the Izmit Fault to the Ganos Fault. The pattern of faults within the Sea of
Marmara basin is complex but near
1963:
1913:
1853:
1838:
1803:
1687:
1642:
1632:
1451:
1310:
1284:
1274:
1136:
1131:
2014:
1948:
1883:
1813:
1753:
1718:
1672:
1612:
1436:
1426:
1259:
1238:
938:
402:
125:
1973:
1903:
1898:
2039:
2019:
1878:
1868:
1833:
1667:
1637:
1617:
1577:
1567:
1416:
1406:
1401:
1391:
1345:
1305:
1228:
1223:
1213:
514:
continued for 45 days after the earthquake, and people were unable to return to their homes for two months.
480:, located near Şehzadebaşı and supplying water to the city, was affected, the part of the aqueduct near the
442:
352:
308:
1823:
1733:
1697:
1607:
1597:
1587:
1572:
1562:
1552:
1547:
1527:
1522:
1396:
1376:
1371:
1340:
1335:
1269:
1218:
1182:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1141:
800:
748:
600:
438:
407:
244:
2044:
2024:
1908:
1888:
1848:
1828:
1818:
1743:
1657:
1652:
1627:
1622:
1441:
1279:
1254:
1233:
1208:
1187:
1172:
496:
340:
276:
272:
187:
434:
1933:
1873:
1858:
1723:
1647:
1532:
1320:
1177:
999:
792:
740:
679:
805:
753:
1264:
912:
851:
588:
360:
328:
173:
37:
818:
728:
477:
909:"Provenance of turbidite sands in the Marmara Sea, Turkey: a tool for submarine paleoseismology"
844:"PROVENANCE OF TURBIDITE SANDS IN THE MARMARA SEA, TURKEY: A TOOL FOR SUBMARINE PALEOSEISMOLOGY"
1058:
627:
531:
481:
473:
368:
810:
758:
687:
566:
465:
339:
between 70 km (43 mi) and 100 km (62 mi) from the Çınarcık Basin of the
268:
1081:
884:
611:
507:
288:
284:
280:
539:
461:
796:
744:
683:
522:
17:
391:
332:
324:
320:
292:
264:
236:
197:
177:
777:
1993:
814:
692:
665:
344:
336:
822:
731:(December 2001). "The Earthquake of 1509 in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey, Revisited".
842:
Lozefski, G.; McHugh, C.; Cormier, M-H.; Seeber, L.; Çagatay, N.; Okay, N. (2004).
485:
469:
454:
367:
bed whose deposition matches the date of the earthquake has been recognised in the
304:
1007:
239:
on 10 September 1509 at about 22:00. The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of
978:
623:
592:
252:
565:
issued by the Sultan after the earthquake, a ban was placed on construction on
907:
Lozefski, G.; McHugh C.; Cormier M-H.; Seeber L.; Çagatay N.; Okay N. (2004).
619:
511:
158:
145:
489:
383:
364:
1054:
Nostradamus: The Next 50 Years: Covering The
Forthcoming Invasion Of Europe
591:
tradition that associates earthquakes with the apocalypse, referencing the
374:
Reports were sent to the capital that the earthquake caused damage even in
561:
would be taken from each household for the task, it was decided. With the
571:
422:
387:
379:
355:
and the
Genoese Walls penetrated into the settlements. Especially in the
300:
1477:
1004:"İşte, Türkiye'nin tam beş asır önce yazılmış ilk deprem hasarı raporu"
762:
575:
558:
450:
319:
The earthquake occurred on
September 10, 1509, in the northeast of the
248:
615:
606:
The earthquake was allegedly predicted by an unnamed Greek monk from
562:
543:
535:
492:
430:
375:
356:
457:
suffered damage to its four great columns and the dome was split.
596:
521:
426:
401:
296:
776:
Armijo, R.; Meyer B.; Navarro S.; King G. & Narka A. (2002).
1481:
1085:
1030:"A SEISMIC CITYSCAPE: EARTHQUAKES IN ISTANBUL'S HISTORY"
971:"A glimpse of doom: Istanbul's earthquakes in history"
939:"The 1509 Istanbul Earthquake and Subsequent Recovery"
880:"İstanbul'un altüst olduğu gün: Küçük Kıyamet Depremi"
666:"Seismicity of the Sea of Marmara (Turkey) since 1500"
57:
538:. After staying for ten days in a tent set up in the
449:
was badly damaged; the main dome was destroyed and a
526:
Woodcut depicting the effects of the 1509 earthquake
1711:
1515:
1354:
1298:
1247:
1201:
1150:
1119:
542:, Bayezid II went to stay in the former capital of
211:
203:
193:
183:
137:
121:
113:
98:
873:
871:
869:
307:motion. Movement on this fault, which bounds the
283:. This local zone of extension occurs where this
733:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
445:also collapsed or were damaged. The newly built
331:, 29 km (18 mi) away from the capital
311:, was the most likely cause of the 1509 event.
1493:
1097:
413:The area of significant damage (greater than
230:
8:
964:
962:
960:
958:
30:
1500:
1486:
1478:
1104:
1090:
1082:
36:
29:
804:
752:
691:
126:
1113:Historical earthquakes (1000 AD–1500 AD)
932:
930:
723:
656:
235:('Minor Judgment Day') occurred in the
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
705:
703:
664:Ambraseys, N.N.; Jackson J.A. (2000).
406:A 1529 woodcut showing damage to the
7:
25:
671:Geophysical Journal International
484:was damaged. The Grand Mosque of
815:10.1046/j.1365-3121.2002.00397.x
693:10.1046/j.1365-246x.2000.00137.x
437:also suffered severe damage. In
295:steps northwards to the west of
79:
66:
65:
56:
49:
27:Earthquake in the Sea of Marmara
969:Afyoncu, Erhan (28 July 2020).
878:Mengüç, Dora (17 August 2021).
363:triggered by the earthquake. A
645:List of historical earthquakes
628:book containing his prophecies
582:Interpretations and prophecies
227:1509 Constantinople earthquake
80:
31:1509 Constantinople earthquake
1:
848:Geological Society of America
640:List of earthquakes in Turkey
603:with a terrible earthquake.
1979:2023 Gaziantep–Kahramanmaraş
1784:1944 Gulf of Edremit–Ayvacik
1057:. Hachette UK. p. 336.
975:National Defence University
973:. Historian, Chancellor of
608:Saint Catherine's Monastery
599:, which the arrival of the
472:in Anadolu Kavağı, and the
460:The quake also damaged the
305:both normal and strike-slip
102:10 September 1509
2061:
2030:1509 in the Ottoman Empire
1739:1935 Erdek–Marmara Islands
595:, the 99th chapter of the
323:within the borders of the
1051:Peter Lemesurier (2014).
510:died in this earthquake.
390:, which were part of the
44:
35:
2010:16th century in Istanbul
18:1509 Istanbul earthquake
530:The sultan's residence
443:Walls of Constantinople
335:. It is thought that a
1864:1976 Çaldıran–Muradiye
589:Islamic eschatological
527:
410:
327:, and in the south of
315:Earthquake and tsunami
245:surface-wave magnitude
231:
2005:Earthquakes in Turkey
1769:1943 Adapazarı–Hendek
1509:Earthquakes in Turkey
1447:1585 Aleutian Islands
1032:. History of Istanbul
614:while present in the
525:
497:Obelisk of Theodosius
405:
341:North Anatolian Fault
287:boundary between the
277:North Anatolian Fault
219:1070 houses destroyed
188:North Anatolian Fault
215:1,000 to 13,000 dead
1603:1668 North Anatolia
1583:1509 Constantinople
1462:1596 Keichō–Fushimi
1367:1509 Constantinople
1028:Angell, Elizabeth.
797:2002TeNov..14...80A
745:2001BuSSA..91.1397A
684:2000GeoJI.141F...1A
361:seafloor landslides
155: /
32:
2035:Tsunamis in Turkey
1683:1899 Aydın–Denizli
1558:557 Constantinople
1543:447 Constantinople
1432:1580 Dover Straits
1316:1456 Central Italy
1290:1382 Dover Straits
1193:1185 East Midlands
1127:1033 Jordan Valley
763:10.1785/0120000305
528:
478:Aqueduct of Valens
411:
279:, a right-lateral
2000:1500s earthquakes
1987:
1986:
1894:1998 Adana–Ceyhan
1809:1953 Yenice–Gönen
1764:1942 Niksar–Erbaa
1593:1598 Amasya–Çorum
1475:
1474:
1422:1575 San Salvador
1331:1475 Tenochtitlan
447:Bayezid II Mosque
353:walls of the city
281:strike-slip fault
223:
222:
16:(Redirected from
2052:
1919:2004 Doğubayazıt
1789:1946 Varto–Hınıs
1779:1944 Bolu–Gerede
1774:1943 Tosya–Ladik
1502:
1495:
1488:
1479:
1467:1590 Neulengbach
1457:1586 Lima–Callao
1387:1522 Vila Franca
1106:
1099:
1092:
1083:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1002:(18 June 2017).
996:
990:
989:
987:
985:
966:
953:
952:
950:
948:
943:
934:
925:
924:
922:
920:
911:. Archived from
904:
898:
897:
895:
893:
875:
864:
863:
861:
859:
850:. Archived from
839:
833:
832:
830:
829:
808:
782:
773:
767:
766:
756:
739:(6): 1397–1416.
729:Ambraseys, N. N.
725:
698:
697:
695:
661:
593:Surah Al-Zalzala
551:Imperial Council
466:Anadolu Fortress
421:) extended from
392:Rumelia Province
329:Prince's Islands
269:pull-apart basin
242:
234:
229:or historically
217:10,000 + injured
174:Prince's Islands
170:
169:
167:
166:
165:
160:
156:
153:
152:
151:
148:
131:
109:
107:
83:
82:
69:
68:
60:
59:
53:
40:
33:
21:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2015:1509 in science
1990:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1969:2020 Aegean Sea
1944:2017 Aegean Sea
1939:2014 Aegean Sea
1707:
1538:262 SW Anatolia
1511:
1506:
1476:
1471:
1412:1570 Concepción
1362:1505 Lo Mustang
1350:
1294:
1243:
1197:
1146:
1115:
1110:
1080:
1079:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1012:
1010:
998:
997:
993:
983:
981:
968:
967:
956:
946:
944:
941:
937:Kazuaki Sawai.
936:
935:
928:
918:
916:
906:
905:
901:
891:
889:
885:The Independent
877:
876:
867:
857:
855:
841:
840:
836:
827:
825:
806:10.1.1.546.4111
780:
775:
774:
770:
754:10.1.1.861.7616
727:
726:
701:
663:
662:
658:
653:
636:
584:
555:Divan-ı Hümayun
520:
508:Ottoman dynasty
462:Rumeli Fortress
453:collapsed. The
425:in the west to
400:
394:of the Empire.
317:
289:Anatolian Plate
261:
251:and 45 days of
240:
232:Kıyamet-i Sugra
218:
216:
171:
163:
161:
159:40.75°N 29.00°E
157:
154:
149:
146:
144:
142:
141:
130:
114:Local time
105:
103:
99:Local date
94:
93:
92:
91:
90:
89:
88:
84:
76:
75:
74:
70:
62:
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2058:
2056:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2040:Sea of Marmara
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2020:1509 in Europe
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1992:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1804:1952 Hasankale
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1759:1941 Van–Erciş
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1688:1903 Manzikert
1685:
1680:
1678:1898 Balıkesir
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1633:1856 Heraklion
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1482:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1311:1428 Catalonia
1308:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1137:1068 Near East
1134:
1132:1038 Dingxiang
1129:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1086:
1078:
1077:
1063:
1043:
1020:
1006:(in Turkish).
1000:Murat Bardakçı
991:
954:
926:
915:on 8 June 2011
899:
865:
854:on 8 June 2011
834:
768:
699:
655:
654:
652:
649:
648:
647:
642:
635:
632:
583:
580:
532:Topkapı Palace
519:
516:
482:Şehzade Mosque
474:Maiden's Tower
439:Constantinople
399:
396:
337:fault ruptures
333:Constantinople
325:Ottoman Empire
321:Sea of Marmara
316:
313:
309:Çınarcık Basin
293:Eurasian Plate
273:releasing bend
265:Sea of Marmara
260:
257:
237:Sea of Marmara
221:
220:
213:
209:
208:
205:
201:
200:
198:Ottoman Empire
195:
194:Areas affected
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
178:Sea of Marmara
139:
135:
134:
128:
123:
119:
118:
115:
111:
110:
100:
96:
95:
86:
85:
78:
77:
72:
71:
64:
63:
55:
54:
48:
47:
46:
45:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2057:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1949:2019 Istanbul
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1884:1992 Erzincan
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1844:1969 Alaşehir
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1799:1951 Kurşunlu
1797:
1795:
1794:1949 Karlıova
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1754:1939 Erzincan
1752:
1750:
1749:1938 Kırşehir
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
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601:Last Judgment
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567:filled ground
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2045:Hagia Sophia
2025:1509 in Asia
1929:2011 Kütahya
1879:1986 Malatya
1869:1983 Erzurum
1834:1967 Mudurnu
1814:1957 Fethiye
1729:1929 Suşehri
1712:Contemporary
1703:1919 Ayvalık
1693:1912 Mürefte
1668:1893 Malatya
1648:1872 Antioch
1638:1859 Erzurum
1618:1766 Marmara
1582:
1578:1269 Cilicia
1568:847 Damascus
1417:1570 Ferrara
1407:1556 Shaanxi
1402:1555 Kashmir
1392:1536 Xichang
1382:1522 Almería
1366:
1355:16th-century
1306:1420 Caldera
1299:15th-century
1248:14th-century
1229:1275 British
1224:1269 Cilicia
1214:1222 Brescia
1202:13th-century
1151:12th-century
1120:11th-century
1070:10 September
1068:. Retrieved
1053:
1046:
1036:10 September
1034:. Retrieved
1023:
1013:10 September
1011:. Retrieved
994:
984:10 September
982:. Retrieved
947:10 September
945:. Retrieved
917:. Retrieved
913:the original
902:
892:10 September
890:. Retrieved
888:(in Turkish)
883:
858:10 September
856:. Retrieved
852:the original
837:
826:. Retrieved
791:(2): 80–86.
788:
784:
771:
736:
732:
678:(3): F1–F6.
675:
669:
659:
605:
585:
554:
549:The Ottoman
548:
529:
505:
486:Hagia Sophia
470:Yoros Castle
459:
455:Fatih Mosque
435:Büyükçekmece
416:
412:
408:Fatih Mosque
373:
350:
348:some areas.
343:Line to the
318:
271:formed at a
262:
226:
224:
164:40.75; 29.00
1964:2020 Bingöl
1954:2020 Elazığ
1924:2010 Elazığ
1914:2003 Bingöl
1854:1971 Bingöl
1839:1968 Bartın
1824:1964 Manyas
1734:1930 Salmas
1698:1914 Burdur
1643:1866 Bingöl
1608:1688 Smyrna
1598:1653 Smyrna
1588:1513 Marash
1573:1114 Marash
1563:840 Erzurum
1553:528 Antioch
1548:526 Antioch
1528:115 Antioch
1523:AD 17 Lydia
1452:1586 Tenshō
1397:1531 Lisbon
1377:1513 Marash
1372:1511 Idrija
1341:1491 Cyprus
1336:1481 Rhodes
1285:1361 Shōhei
1270:1348 Friuli
1265:1343 Naples
1219:1222 Cyprus
1183:1169 Sicily
1168:1138 Aleppo
1163:1117 Verona
1158:1114 Marash
1142:1088 Tmogvi
979:Daily Sabah
624:Nostradamus
512:Aftershocks
503:collapsed.
417:Very strong
253:aftershocks
162: /
1994:Categories
1974:2022 Düzce
1909:2002 Afyon
1904:1999 Düzce
1899:1999 İzmit
1889:1995 Dinar
1849:1970 Gediz
1829:1966 Varto
1819:1957 Abant
1744:1935 Digor
1663:1883 Çeşme
1658:1881 Chios
1653:1875 Dinar
1628:1855 Bursa
1623:1840 Ahora
1516:Historical
1442:1584 Aigle
1280:1356 Basel
1255:1303 Crete
1234:1290 Zhili
1209:1202 Syria
1188:1170 Syria
1173:1139 Ganja
977:, Ankara.
919:6 February
828:2010-02-06
785:Terra Nova
651:References
620:Bayezid II
501:Hippodrome
259:Background
212:Casualties
106:1509-09-10
1874:1983 Biga
1859:1975 Lice
1724:1926 Kars
1533:141 Lycia
1346:1498 Meiō
1321:Haowhenua
1178:1157 Hama
1008:Habertürk
801:CiteSeerX
749:CiteSeerX
518:Aftermath
490:Byzantine
384:Gallipoli
365:turbidite
285:transform
247:scale. A
241:7.2 ± 0.3
172:near the
138:Epicenter
133:7.2 ± 0.3
122:Magnitude
1959:2020 Van
1934:2011 Van
823:49553634
634:See also
572:Anatolia
388:Dimetoka
369:Çınarcık
301:Istanbul
291:and the
73:Istanbul
793:Bibcode
741:Bibcode
680:Bibcode
576:Rumelia
499:in the
493:mosaics
451:minaret
371:Basin.
275:in the
249:tsunami
243:on the
204:Tsunami
150:29°00′E
147:40°45′N
104: (
1061:
821:
803:
751:
616:Sultan
563:decree
544:Edirne
536:prayer
468:, the
431:Galata
398:Damage
376:Edirne
357:Galata
87:Edirne
942:(PDF)
819:S2CID
781:(PDF)
612:Sinai
597:Quran
427:Izmit
423:Çorlu
415:VII (
380:Çorlu
297:Izmit
267:is a
184:Fault
117:22:00
1072:2023
1059:ISBN
1038:2023
1015:2023
986:2020
949:2023
921:2010
894:2023
860:2023
574:and
559:akçe
433:and
386:and
263:The
225:The
811:doi
759:doi
688:doi
676:141
610:in
207:Yes
1996::
957:^
929:^
882:.
868:^
846:.
817:.
809:.
799:.
789:14
787:.
783:.
757:.
747:.
737:91
735:.
702:^
686:.
674:.
668:.
630:.
546:.
476:.
464:,
382:,
378:,
176:,
1501:e
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1487:v
1105:e
1098:t
1091:v
1074:.
1040:.
1017:.
988:.
951:.
923:.
896:.
862:.
831:.
813::
795::
765:.
761::
743::
696:.
690::
682::
553:(
419:)
129:s
127:M
108:)
20:)
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