254:
anything, hope disappeared for the defenders inside the castle. After the assault and capture of Kalmar, the focus of the war moved to
Finland. Stronghold after stronghold began to be captured in July. At first, Hans Klasson Bielkenstierna and Peder Stolpe commanded the battle against Sigismund's followers, but on August 19, Duke Charles personally assumed command. With the help of the navy, he crushed the last remnants, and by September all of Sigismund's followers were gone, detained or executed, e.g. in the
221:
Regent with âthe advice of the
Councilâ, meaning that he was to govern Sweden together with the Privy Council during the King's absence from the Realm. Soon afterward, the nobility of Finland, led by the Sigismund-appointed Governor, Laus Fleming, rejected these decisions, They sympathized with the King and considered Charles a rebel. As a counterattack, Charles instigated a rebellion against Fleming, the Cudge War, among the farmers in Ostrobothnia. Fleming managed to quell the revolt but died in April 1597.
229:
and marched on Kalmar. The army halted just outside the city. The plan was to frighten the commanders into opening the gates. To make his message even more terrifying, Sigismund threatened the city with severe punishments and to withdraw the nobility of all children in the city. The propaganda worked well and
Sigismund was able to make his long-desired entry on August 1.
217:, king of both the Commonwealth and Sweden, lost the throne of Sweden during the civil war (1587â1599). After an early stalemate, Sigismund was defeated in the Battle of StÃ¥ngebro in 1598 and by 1599, Sigismund was dethroned by his uncle, Duke Charles and forced to retreat to the Commonwealth. This also ended the short-lived personal union between Poland and Sweden.
228:
At the end of May 1598, Sigismund landed on
Swedish soil at AvaskÀr. The King opened peacefully by sending the diplomat Samuel Åaski to Kalmar for negotiations. His task was to convince the city's commanders to open the gates. However, the negotiations led nowhere. Instead, the King took his soldiers
224:
In 1597, civil war erupted, and Duke
Charles was able to assume control over a large share of the powerful castles in the country, and in this manner achieved control over almost all the Realm. The problem was Finland, where Klaus Fleming's widow guarded Ã
bo castle. But after psychological warfare,
253:
The coming days, the castle proved more tenacious than expected. Johan
Larsson Sparre kept the Swedes away, and finally, six Polish ships arrived. These, however, were driven back by four smaller Swedish ships and Swedish artillery fire from within the city. When the Polish ships were unable to do
249:
to lay siege to the city. Johan
Larsson Sparre defended the walls and the castle in the hope that the King would return to Sweden. But he never got any assistance and the night between March 1 and March 2 the city was assaulted. Gyllenhielm and Samuel Nilsson were ordered to attack the north gate.
205:
Sweden (which included
Finland) was completely Lutheran in the 17th century. In 1586, Sigismund Vasa, son of King John III and Catherine Jagiellonia, was elected king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in an attempt to continue the Polish-Swedish alliance, the original purpose being to confront
237:
The King had planned to return to Sweden, which raised morale among his followers. However, these plans were never put into action. But the war had not ended. It continued for a few months, as
Charles tried to reclaim the cities that were still in Sigismund's hands. He started by appointing a new
220:
After
Sigismund had been crowned King of Sweden February 19, 1594, he decided that no Parliaments (Riksdag) could be summoned without the King's consent. Despite this, Charles summoned a Parliament at Söderköping in autumn 1595, at which he managed to get his will through. The Duke was appointed
270:, held in Stockholm on July 24, 1599. He was given six months to say whether he wanted to send his son. Prince Ladislaus of Poland, to Sweden as his successor, under the condition that the boy would be brought up in the Evangelical faith. Otherwise, the Estates would look for a new king.
225:
Charles and his followers managed to take the castle in Turku (Swedish: Ã
bo). When Sigismund found out about what had happened in Finland he lost his patience. The King could not accept Duke Charles's disrespectful actions. He decided to use force.
250:
Duke Charles himself led the attack on the western gate. After the short fight, Charles's men managed to scale the walls. Since the soldiers began looting the city, however, the opportunity to capture Kalmar Castle in the same stroke was lost.
201:
who were attempting to control the Protestant princes of Germany. Religious fervor, economic self-interest, and political and dynastic self-preservation all motivated the Swedes to help the Protestants in the Thirty Years' War.
242:, who he claimed hadn't defended the city enough. It all finished with a lot of people being jailed, among them Archbishop Abraham Angermannus, who had supported Sigismund.
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740:
197:, the living son of Gustav Vasa, did not approve of the accession of Sigismund, his nephew, and a Catholic, to the government. Sigismund was related to the
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89:
64:
383:
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790:
785:
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750:
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186:
114:
56:
52:
48:
38:
34:
30:
3335:
130:
81:
76:
71:
266:
Sigismund was officially deposed from the throne of Sweden by a Parliament,
267:
245:
Then Swedish forces, led by Carl Carlsson Gyllenhielm, marched towards
726:
246:
174:
691:
122:
118:
109:
104:
100:
96:
361:
163:
159:
155:
150:
145:
141:
137:
695:
365:
3198:
2687:
2176:
1665:
1154:
733:
648:
397:
18:
238:city government in Stockholm. Then he scolded the
707:
377:
16:Sweden-related events during the year of 1599
8:
714:
700:
692:
384:
370:
362:
185:When King John III dies in 1592 his son
279:
350:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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311:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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7:
3347:Years of the 16th century in Sweden
14:
189:accede to the Swedish throne.
1:
3368:
262:Aftermath and Consequences
181:Seventeenth Century Sweden
655:and other territories
210:War Against Sigismund
171:Events from the year
215:Sigismund III Vasa
199:Catholic Habsburgs
80: ·
74: ·
3329:
3328:
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688:
500:Holy Roman Empire
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168:
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716:
709:
702:
693:
399:Sovereign states
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379:
372:
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356:
355:
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341:
339:
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329:. Archived from
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317:
316:
310:
302:
300:
299:
290:. Archived from
284:
19:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3352:1599 by country
3332:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3194:
2683:
2172:
1661:
1150:
729:
720:
690:
685:
656:
654:
644:
393:
390:
360:
359:
342:
336:
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327:"Archived copy"
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297:
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288:"Archived copy"
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183:
24:Years in Sweden
17:
12:
11:
5:
3365:
3363:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3342:1599 in Sweden
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3333:
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3303:
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566:Ottoman Empire
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457:DenmarkâNorway
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392:1599 in Europe
391:
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318:
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28:
15:
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10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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333:on 2016-09-12
332:
328:
322:
319:
314:
308:
294:on 2016-09-12
293:
289:
283:
280:
273:
271:
269:
261:
259:
257:
256:Ã
bo bloodbath
251:
248:
243:
241:
232:
230:
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209:
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196:
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61:
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54:
50:
46:
45:
40:
36:
32:
29:
27:
25:
21:
20:
3199:21st century
2688:20th century
2177:19th century
1666:18th century
1155:17th century
1140:
734:16th century
651:Dependencies
616:
571:Papal States
335:. Retrieved
331:the original
321:
296:. Retrieved
292:the original
282:
265:
252:
244:
236:
227:
223:
219:
213:
204:
195:Duke Charles
184:
172:
170:
149:
129:
108:
88:
82:17th century
77:16th century
75:
72:15th century
63:
43:
42:
22:
676:Isle of Man
622:Switzerland
557:Netherlands
193:arose when
3336:Categories
653:, colonies
592:San Marino
337:2018-10-08
298:2018-10-08
274:References
233:Year 1599
206:Ivan IV.
187:Sigismund
65:Centuries
741:Pre-1520
671:Guernsey
597:Scotland
346:cite web
307:cite web
240:burghers
191:Conflict
173:1599 in
580:Prussia
552:Navarre
512:Ireland
505:Hungary
478:England
462:Denmark
418:Austria
409:Andorra
268:Riksdag
90:Decades
727:Sweden
681:Jersey
617:Sweden
587:Russia
485:France
467:Norway
247:Kalmar
175:Sweden
162:
158:
154:
148:
144:
140:
121:
117:
113:
107:
103:
99:
55:
51:
47:
41:
37:
33:
723:Years
612:Spain
535:Malta
131:Years
123:1620s
119:1610s
115:1600s
110:1590s
105:1580s
101:1570s
97:1560s
3321:2024
3316:2023
3311:2022
3306:2021
3301:2020
3296:2019
3291:2018
3286:2017
3281:2016
3276:2015
3271:2014
3266:2013
3261:2012
3256:2011
3251:2010
3246:2009
3241:2008
3236:2007
3231:2006
3226:2005
3221:2004
3216:2003
3211:2002
3206:2001
3190:2000
3185:1999
3180:1998
3175:1997
3170:1996
3165:1995
3160:1994
3155:1993
3150:1992
3145:1991
3140:1990
3135:1989
3130:1988
3125:1987
3120:1986
3115:1985
3110:1984
3105:1983
3100:1982
3095:1981
3090:1980
3085:1979
3080:1978
3075:1977
3070:1976
3065:1975
3060:1974
3055:1973
3050:1972
3045:1971
3040:1970
3035:1969
3030:1968
3025:1967
3020:1966
3015:1965
3010:1964
3005:1963
3000:1962
2995:1961
2990:1960
2985:1959
2980:1958
2975:1957
2970:1956
2965:1955
2960:1954
2955:1953
2950:1952
2945:1951
2940:1950
2935:1949
2930:1948
2925:1947
2920:1946
2915:1945
2910:1944
2905:1943
2900:1942
2895:1941
2890:1940
2885:1939
2880:1938
2875:1937
2870:1936
2865:1935
2860:1934
2855:1933
2850:1932
2845:1931
2840:1930
2835:1929
2830:1928
2825:1927
2820:1926
2815:1925
2810:1924
2805:1923
2800:1922
2795:1921
2790:1920
2785:1919
2780:1918
2775:1917
2770:1916
2765:1915
2760:1914
2755:1913
2750:1912
2745:1911
2740:1910
2735:1909
2730:1908
2725:1907
2720:1906
2715:1905
2710:1904
2705:1903
2700:1902
2695:1901
2679:1900
2674:1899
2669:1898
2664:1897
2659:1896
2654:1895
2649:1894
2644:1893
2639:1892
2634:1891
2629:1890
2624:1889
2619:1888
2614:1887
2609:1886
2604:1885
2599:1884
2594:1883
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2584:1881
2579:1880
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2569:1878
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2559:1876
2554:1875
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2544:1873
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2534:1871
2529:1870
2524:1869
2519:1868
2514:1867
2509:1866
2504:1865
2499:1864
2494:1863
2489:1862
2484:1861
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2474:1859
2469:1858
2464:1857
2459:1856
2454:1855
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2444:1853
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2434:1851
2429:1850
2424:1849
2419:1848
2414:1847
2409:1846
2404:1845
2399:1844
2394:1843
2389:1842
2384:1841
2379:1840
2374:1839
2369:1838
2364:1837
2359:1836
2354:1835
2349:1834
2344:1833
2339:1832
2334:1831
2329:1830
2324:1829
2319:1828
2314:1827
2309:1826
2304:1825
2299:1824
2294:1823
2289:1822
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2274:1819
2269:1818
2264:1817
2259:1816
2254:1815
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2244:1813
2239:1812
2234:1811
2229:1810
2224:1809
2219:1808
2214:1807
2209:1806
2204:1805
2199:1804
2194:1803
2189:1802
2184:1801
2168:1800
2163:1799
2158:1798
2153:1797
2148:1796
2143:1795
2138:1794
2133:1793
2128:1792
2123:1791
2118:1790
2113:1789
2108:1788
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