40:
1079:
876:, a Microsoft developer who works on the Windows API, has said: "I could probably write for months solely about bad things apps do and what we had to do to get them to work again (often in spite of themselves). Which is why I get particularly furious when people accuse Microsoft of maliciously breaking applications during OS upgrades. If any application failed to run on Windows 95, I took it as a personal failure."
4612:
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in the
Windows 1.0 SDK was a bit of a scandal. HELLO.C was about 150 lines long, and the HELLO.RC resource script had another 20 or so more lines. (...) Veteran programmers often curled up in horror or laughter when encountering the Windows hello-world program." Petzold explains that while it was the
785:
The
Windows API has always exposed a large part of the underlying structure of the Windows systems to programmers. This had the advantage of giving them much flexibility and power over their applications, but also creates great responsibility in how applications handle various low-level, sometimes
920:
The name, Windows API, refers to essentially the same capability in each version of
Windows, but there is another name for this capability that is based on major architectural aspects of the Windows version that contains it. When there was only one version, it was simply called Windows API. Then,
1186:
To develop software that uses the
Windows API, a compiler must be able to use the Microsoft-specific DLLs listed above (COM-objects are outside Win32 and assume a certain vtable layout). The compiler must either handle the header files that expose the interior API function names, or supply such
900:
allowed 32-bit code to call into 16-bit libraries, and the scheme was used extensively inside
Windows 95's libraries to avoid porting the whole OS to Win32 in one batch. In Windows NT, the OS was pure 32-bit, except parts for compatibility with 16-bit applications, and only generic thunks were
1296:
can be implemented, and it is how the kernel notifies applications of exceptional conditions such as dereferencing an invalid pointer or stack overflow. The
Microsoft/Borland C++ compilers had the ability to use this system as soon as it was introduced in Windows 95 and NT, however the actual
187:
Each major version of the
Windows API has a distinct name that identifies a compatibility aspect of that version. For example, Win32 is the major version of Windows API that runs on 32-bit systems. The name, Windows API, collectively refers to all versions of this capability of Windows.
793:
For example, a beginning C programmer will often write the simple "hello world" as their first assignment. The working part of the program is only a single printf line within the main subroutine. The overhead for linking to the standard I/O library is also only one line:
865:, whereas modern versions of the Windows API support thousands. However, in general, the interface remained fairly consistent, and an old Windows 1.0 application will still look familiar to a programmer who is used to the modern Windows API.
891:
allowed use of a Win32 subset before
Windows 95, it was not until Windows 95 that widespread porting of applications to Win32 began. To ease the transition, in Windows 95, for developers outside and inside Microsoft, a complex scheme of API
704:
Many
Microsoft technologies use the Windows API -- as most software running on Windows does. As middle-ware between Windows API and an application, these technologies provide some access to Windows API. Some technologies are described as
1210:, allowing Win32 programs to run on Win16 with Microsoft's redistributable Win32s DLL. The Zortech compiler was probably one of the first stable and usable C++ compilers for Windows programming, before Microsoft had a C++ compiler.
614:(OOP) language, the Windows API is somewhat object-oriented due to its use of handles. Various other technologies from Microsoft and others make this object-oriented aspect more apparent by using an OOP language such as C++ -- see
2911:
2017:
687:
The variety of terms is basically the result of grouping software mechanisms that relate to a given aspect of software development. Automation specifically relates to exporting the function of an application or component (as an
872:. To achieve this, when developing new versions of Windows, Microsoft sometimes implemented workarounds to allow compatibility with third-party software that used the prior version in an undocumented or even inadvisable way.
854:
first
Windows sample programs developers were introduced to, it was quite "fancy" and more complex than needed. Tired of people ridiculing the length of the sample, he eventually reduced it to a simple MessageBox call.
1297:
implementation was undocumented and had to be reverse engineered for the Wine project and free compilers. SEH is based on pushing exception handler frames onto the stack, then adding them to a linked list stored in
558:
An HTTP client library which also takes into account system-wide Proxy settings (wininet.dll); however, Microsoft has added another HTTP client library called winhttp.dll which is smaller and more suitable for some
692:(API)) so that it can be controlled by other applications instead of by human users only, .NET is a self-contained general methodology and technology to develop desktop and web applications written in a variety of
1305:
running handlers and filters as they are encountered. Eventually, every exception unhandled by the application will be dealt with by the default backstop handler, which pops up the Windows common crash dialog.
921:
when the first major update was made, Microsoft gave it the name Win32 and gave the first version the name Win16. The term Windows API refers to both versions and all subsequently developed major versions.
521:(IE) web browser also exposes many APIs that are often used by applications, and as such could be considered a part of the Windows API. IE has been included with the operating system since
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6667:
917:
Each version of Microsoft Windows contains a version of Windows API, and almost every new version of Microsoft Windows has introduced additions and changes to the Windows API.
1032:
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available to thunk from Win16 to Win32, as for Windows 95. The Platform SDK shipped with a compiler that could produce the code needed for these thunks. Versions of 64-bit
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goes a step further and aims to implement the full Windows operating system, working closely with the Wine project to promote code re-use and compatibility.
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features. For communication among different Windows applications, Microsoft has developed a series of technologies alongside Windows API. This started with
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to restore the stack from pushed parameters after a call (although they expect parameters pushed from right to left, as most C compilers do, by default).
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857:
Over the years, various changes and additions were made to Windows systems, and the Windows API changed and grew to reflect this. The Windows API for
2008:
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Although almost all Windows programs use the Windows API, on the Windows NT line of operating systems, programs that start early in the
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have all produced well known commercial compilers that have been used often with Win16, Win32s, and Win32. Some of them supplied
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were heavily used in earlier versions, before C became dominant. A reminiscence of this is that the API functions still use the
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compiler that supports the Windows API. The MASM32 package is a mature project providing support for the Windows API under
909:. The SysWOW64 folder located in the Windows folder on the OS drive contains several tools to support 32-bit applications.
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1147:(WISE) was a licensing program from Microsoft which allowed developers to recompile and run Windows-based applications on
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Windows API, but this is debatable since no other technology provides or exposes all of the capabilities of Windows API.
646:
642:
592:). However, the API may be consumed via any programming language that can inter-operate with the API data structures and
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1235:(IDEs) that could provide this (although, the SDK is downloadable for free separately from the entire IDE suite, from
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and x64 Editions of Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 on the x86-64 (AMD64) platform, and
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770:
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objects to applications for resolving URLs. Applications can also provide their own URL handlers for others to use.
57:
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One of the largest changes to the Windows API was the transition from Win16 (shipped in Windows 3.1 and older) to
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Of note, the internal implementation of the API functions has been developed in several languages other than C.
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Gives applications access to some advanced controls provided by the operating system. These include things like
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873:
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1301:(the first field of the thread environment block). When an exception is thrown, the kernel and base libraries
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1217:(IDL) files. Collectively, these prerequisites (compilers, tools, libraries, and headers) are known as the
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was used that could allow 32-bit code to call into 16-bit code (for most of Win16 APIs) and vice versa.
750:
661:
504:
196:
224:. The reason given is: The categories are out of date, as are the references for it; see, for example,
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1281:(MASM) by using custom made or converted headers and libraries from the Platform SDK. Flat assembler
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platforms. WISE SDKs were based on an emulator of the Windows API that could run on those platforms.
974:
versions of Windows (NT, 95, and later). The functions are implemented in system DLL files including
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1254:(GCC), using a stand-alone header file set, to make linking against the Win32-specific DLLs simple.
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are other projects which emulate the Windows API to allow executing simple Windows programs from a
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774:
684:. There is not always a clear distinction between these technologies, and there is much overlap.
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allows building Windows programs without using an external linker, even when running on Linux.
254:
Provides access to the basic resources available to a Windows system. Included are things like
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unit that exposes the features of Windows API. It is the Pascal equivalent to the C language
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1292:(SEH). This system serves two purposes: it provides a substrate on which language-specific
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to open and save files, choose color and font, etc. The library resides in a file called
199:, which includes documentation and tools for building software based on the Windows API.
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746:(WTL) was developed as an extension to ATL, and intended as a smaller alternative to MFC
230:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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For certain classes of applications, the compiler system should also be able to handle
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849:, who wrote several books about programming for the Windows API, said: "The original
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Component of the Windows API allows applications to access functions provided by the
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1854:"What's the Difference Between the "System32" and "SysWOW64" Folders in Windows?"
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libraries which were intended to implement a subset of the Win16 API on DOS (see
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The functions provided by the Windows API can be grouped into eight categories:
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883:(Windows NT and Windows 95 and up). While Win32 was originally introduced with
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3657:
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2456:
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2180:
1066:
1043:). Both 32-bit and 64-bit versions of an application can be compiled from one
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A library to assist multi-language and international text support (mlang.dll).
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424:
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model), so porting Win32-compatible source code includes updating for 64-bit
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Provides access to functions beyond the kernel. Included are things like the
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436:
373:, receive mouse and keyboard input, and other functions associated with the
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versions of Windows. The functions reside mainly in core files of the OS:
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https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/apiindex/windows-api-list
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2137:
1817:"Windows 95 had special code just to fix a bug in the original SimCity"
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on 32-bit Windows in user-mode. Kernel-mode GDI support is provided by
119:
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The Windows API is for the most part intended for a program to access
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1638:"Walkthrough: Create a traditional Windows Desktop application (C++)"
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1199:
1162:(PWI) for Win16 (see also: Sun Windows Application Binary Interface (
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1006:
888:
500:
27:
Microsoft's core set of application programming interfaces on Windows
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on 32-bit Windows. The Shell Lightweight Utility Functions are in
61:
45:
588:. Its functions and data structures are defined in C syntax (see
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of the Win32 API for these systems. The "s" stands for "subset".
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1990:
1002:. This term was later abandoned by Microsoft in favor of Win32.
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Detailed analysis of changes in the Windows API from XP to 10.
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307:, shutdown/restart the system (or abort), start/stop/create a
206:
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131:
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abilities of the operating system. Its subcomponents include
395:, together with the common controls (Common Control Library).
1178:, which attempted to standardize the Windows API bindingly.
525:
and has provided web-related services to applications since
293:
on 32 and 64 bit Windows. These files reside in the folder
753:
for Windows provide some access to Windows API; including
465:, and to change and enhance it. The component resides in
1237:
Microsoft Windows SDK for Windows 7 and .NET Framework 4
1250:
projects also provide such an environment based on the
1089:
operating system that aims to implement the Windows API
377:(GUI) part of Windows. This functional unit resides in
1266:
is a freeware C compiler maintained by Pelle Orinius.
1288:
Windows specific compiler support is also needed for
565:
DirectX Transforms, a set of image filter components.
353:
which communicates directly with the graphics driver.
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6085:
6057:
6048:
6016:
6007:
5949:
5921:
5883:
5865:
5842:
5794:
5771:
5747:
5714:
5696:
5678:
5650:
5597:
5544:
5526:
5508:
5483:
5419:
5401:
5313:
5275:
5247:
5197:
5175:
5142:
5097:
5087:
5060:
5032:
5005:
4987:
4973:
4939:
4907:
4884:
4866:
4835:
4825:
4802:
4767:
4736:
4708:
4689:
4566:
4461:
4230:
4149:
4142:
4115:
3998:
3972:
3896:
3721:
3588:
3503:
3450:
3350:
3115:
2945:
2819:
2798:
2765:
2727:
2669:
2631:
2571:
2538:
2500:
2432:
2406:
2338:
2270:
2219:
2146:
2105:
2024:
1839:
What about BOZOSLIVEHERE and TABTHETEXTOUTFORWIMPS?
716:(MFC) exposes some of Windows API functionality in
361:Provides the functions to create and manage screen
149:
137:
125:
115:
99:
81:
69:
1805:. Microsoft Press. APIs and Memory Models, page 9.
1384:Nomenclature of released 64-bit versions includes
311:, manage user accounts. These functions reside in
327:Provides functions to output graphics content to
1427:
1425:
534:An embeddable web browser control, contained in
1894:"Windows XP Professional x64 Edition home page"
1749:. Microsoft Press. Beyond the Console, page 47.
1231:'s integrated development system were the only
1014:family of Microsoft Windows that implemented a
994:, it was initially referred to as Win32c, with
786:tedious, operations that are associated with a
507:(RPC) and many more. This component resides in
154:https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/
1158:Efforts toward standardization included Sun's
5985:
4654:
2885:
2002:
1168:Application Programming Interface for Windows
905:are also able to run 32-bit applications via
740:library that provides some Windows API access
8:
6668:Microsoft application programming interfaces
1761:"The Infamous Windows "Hello World" Program"
32:
1258:is a C compiler maintained by Jacob Navia,
568:XML support (the MSXML components, held in
451:on 32-bit Windows. It is grouped under the
413:on 32-bit Windows. It is grouped under the
191:Microsoft provides developer support via a
6521:
6441:
6347:
6301:
6228:
6164:
6118:
6054:
6013:
5992:
5978:
5970:
5094:
4984:
4832:
4661:
4647:
4639:
4622:
4146:
2892:
2878:
2870:
2661:Security Support Provider Interface (SSPI)
2009:
1995:
1987:
1685:Texeira, Steve and Xavier Pacheco (2002).
1139:List of platform-independent GUI libraries
1109:and programs written for the Windows API.
38:
31:
868:Microsoft has made an effort to maintain
1973:standard for a subset of the Windows API
1922:"MSDN: Getting Ready for 64-bit Windows"
1655:
1653:
2092:Windows Advanced Rasterization Platform
1421:
1356:
391:versions, the basic controls reside in
171:application programming interface (API)
5903:Extensible Application Markup Language
2087:DirectX Graphics Infrastructure (DXGI)
1170:(APIW) for Win16 and Win32 (see also:
529:. Specifically, it is used to provide:
4499:Next-Generation Secure Computing Base
1908:"Microsoft 64-bit Computing Overview"
1747:Programming Microsoft Windows with C#
1400:and Windows 2008 Advanced Server for
1190:For the language C++, Zortech (later
7:
5724:Component Library for Cross Platform
5333:Component Library for Cross Platform
1664:. New York City: Apress. p. 3.
1145:Windows Interface Source Environment
575:Access to the Windows Address Books.
3628:Distributed Transaction Coordinator
1624:Programming and reusing the browser
1396:, Windows Advanced Server 2003 for
1386:Windows XP Professional x64 Edition
1233:integrated development environments
401:Provides applications the standard
5589:Lightweight User Interface Toolkit
5393:Simple and Fast Multimedia Library
5285:Enlightenment Foundation Libraries
3959:User Interface Privilege Isolation
2553:Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC)
2525:Distributed Component Object Model
1962:Windows API Microsoft Code Samples
1803:Programming Windows, Fifth Edition
1688:Borland Delphi 6 Developer's Guide
714:Microsoft Foundation Class Library
638:and is object-oriented by design.
616:Microsoft Foundation Class Library
610:Despite the fact that C is not an
584:The Windows API is defined in the
25:
6001:Graphical user interface builders
1815:Smith, Graham (October 8, 2022).
1129:is a project to emulate Win32 on
690:application programming interface
630:provides the Windows API and the
547:The URL moniker service, held in
365:and most basic controls, such as
184:in which the program is running.
4621:
4611:
4610:
1877:The Iseran Project (1996–2001).
1343:, a library providing access to
211:
5117:Windows Presentation Foundation
3688:Remote Differential Compression
1336:Windows legacy audio components
1331:Microsoft Windows library files
960:, such a file is accessed as a
664:(DDE), which was superseded by
4544:Windows System Assessment Tool
2563:Windows Template Library (WTL)
1215:interface description language
177:to access the features of the
1:
5348:OpenGL User Interface Library
4933:High-level, platform-specific
2558:Active Template Library (ATL)
2278:Data Access Components (MDAC)
2018:Microsoft APIs and frameworks
1789:Retrieved September 08, 2016.
1537:Retrieved September 22, 2005.
1290:Structured Exception Handling
1097:project provides a Win32 API
634:API, which is implemented in
286:files on 16-bit Windows, and
3833:Open XML Paper Specification
3693:Remote Installation Services
2901:Microsoft Windows components
1977:Advanced Win32 API newsgroup
1717:"Inside Native Applications"
1437:Overview of the Windows API.
1223:. For a time, the Microsoft
986:. Win32 was introduced with
727:way to interact with the API
666:Object Linking and Embedding
274:. These functions reside in
48:subsystem shown next to the
4683:Low-level platform-specific
3985:Windows Subsystem for Linux
3944:Mandatory Integrity Control
3698:Windows Deployment Services
3495:Wireless Zero Configuration
2854:Multilingual User Interface
2780:Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE)
1880:History of the Windows API.
1627:Retrieved January 22, 2006.
1619:Microsoft Developer Network
1601:Microsoft Developer Network
1583:Microsoft Developer Network
1565:Microsoft Developer Network
1547:Microsoft Developer Network
1529:Microsoft Developer Network
1511:Microsoft Developer Network
1491:Microsoft Developer Network
1468:Microsoft Developer Network
1450:Microsoft Developer Network
1432:Microsoft Developer Network
1051:are 64-bit by default (the
694:just-in-time (JIT) compiled
612:object-oriented programming
487:Give access to the various
439:. The library resides in a
297:on all versions of Windows.
6684:
5269:High-level, cross-platform
4087:Universal Windows Platform
3793:Kernel Transaction Manager
3778:Hardware Abstraction Layer
3475:Multimedia Class Scheduler
1982:French Win32 API newsgroup
1883:Retrieved October 7, 2005.
1660:Mayberry, Michael (2012).
1609:Retrieved August 28, 2005.
1591:Retrieved August 28, 2005.
1573:Retrieved August 28, 2005.
1555:Retrieved August 28, 2005.
1534:Common Dialog Box Library.
1519:Retrieved August 28, 2005.
1476:Retrieved August 28, 2005.
1473:Graphics Device Interface.
1458:Retrieved August 28, 2005.
1440:Retrieved August 28, 2005.
1316:Windows Libraries for OS/2
962:dynamic-link library (DLL)
477:. It is grouped under the
58:architecture of Windows NT
6603:Resource construction set
5706:Lazarus Component Library
5266:
4930:
4857:
4680:
4606:
4539:Windows Services for UNIX
3924:Data Execution Prevention
3773:Graphics Device Interface
3663:Network Access Protection
3282:Remote Desktop Connection
2907:
2305:Extensible Storage Engine
2082:Windows Imaging Component
2077:Windows Image Acquisition
1588:Shell Programmer's Guide.
1394:Windows XP 64-bit Edition
1373:Pascal calling convention
1279:Microsoft Macro Assembler
861:supported fewer than 450
723:, and thus allows a more
398:Common Dialog Box Library
387:on 32-bit Windows. Since
323:Graphics Device Interface
220:This section needs to be
37:
6067:Glade Interface Designer
5185:Visual Component Library
5162:Windows Template Library
4899:Simple DirectMedia Layer
4860:Low Level Cross-platform
3904:Security and Maintenance
3848:Security Account Manager
3442:Windows XP visual styles
1842:Retrieved June 29, 2022.
1392:Server Limited Edition,
1262:for non-commercial use.
1160:Public Windows Interface
1010:is an extension for the
796:
788:graphical user interface
744:Windows Template Library
620:Visual Component Library
375:graphical user interface
193:software development kit
6200:Microsoft Visual Studio
5579:Standard Widget Toolkit
5554:Abstract Window Toolkit
5157:Active Template Library
4489:Media Control Interface
4323:Help and Support Center
3939:Kernel Patch Protection
3703:System Resource Manager
3683:Remote Desktop Services
3678:Print Services for UNIX
3460:Service Control Manager
3070:Windows Error Reporting
2990:DirectX Diagnostic Tool
2849:Language Interface Pack
2834:Text Services Framework
2548:Framework Class Library
1552:Common Control Library.
1252:GNU Compiler Collection
1166:)), Willows Software's
771:Windows startup process
731:Active Template Library
668:(OLE) and later by the
469:on 16-bit Windows, and
447:on 16-bit Windows, and
409:on 16-bit Windows, and
381:on 16-bit Windows, and
343:on 16-bit Windows, and
5167:Object Windows Library
4469:Desktop Cleanup Wizard
4045:COM Structured storage
3746:Desktop Window Manager
3638:Windows Media Services
2492:Common Log File System
2320:Access Database Engine
2032:Desktop Window Manager
1957:MSDN Windows API index
1765:www.charlespetzold.com
1220:Microsoft Platform SDK
1090:
1065:is the version in the
1024:is the version in the
870:backward compatibility
751:application frameworks
670:Component Object Model
586:C programming language
463:operating system shell
420:Common Control Library
169:, is the foundational
87:; 38 years ago
85:November 20, 1985
4097:Windows Mixed Reality
3768:Enhanced Write Filter
3618:Roaming user profiles
2820:Text and multilingual
1801:(November 11, 1998).
1691:. Sams. p. 253.
1081:
1074:Other implementations
763:programming languages
662:Dynamic Data Exchange
505:remote procedure call
197:Microsoft Windows SDK
5622:Google Closure Tools
4794:X Toolkit Intrinsics
4378:Mobile Device Center
4328:Health & Fitness
4126:Solitaire Collection
3954:User Account Control
3949:Protected Media Path
3853:Server Message Block
3803:Logical Disk Manager
3055:System Policy Editor
3040:System Configuration
2806:Active Accessibility
2072:Windows Color System
1836:(October 15, 2003).
1821:Rock, Paper, Shotgun
1646:. February 23, 2022.
1299:thread-local storage
1087:free and open-source
1033:Windows architecture
759:Java virtual machine
700:Related technologies
481:category of the API.
455:category of the API.
441:dynamic-link library
417:category of the API.
6077:Stetic GUI Designer
4524:Virtual DOS machine
3868:System Idle Process
3843:Resource Protection
3751:Portable Executable
3643:Active DRM Services
3045:System File Checker
3015:Performance Monitor
2844:Input method editor
2656:Data Protection API
2447:Windows Script Host
2186:Image Mastering API
1105:platforms, between
1099:compatibility layer
851:hello world program
829:"Hello, World!
594:calling conventions
580:Program interaction
64:is also available.)
34:
5584:Google Web Toolkit
5122:Windows UI Library
4529:Windows on Windows
4253:Backup and Restore
4065:Transaction Server
3783:I/O request packet
3623:Folder redirection
3292:Speech Recognition
3050:System Information
3005:Management Console
2742:Enterprise Library
2729:Software factories
2433:Administration and
2363:Filtering Platform
2164:Video Acceleration
1940:2008-03-30 at the
1759:Petzold, Charles.
1294:exception handling
1091:
1057:pointer arithmetic
680:controls, and the
674:Automation Objects
511:on 32-bit Windows.
443:(DLL) file called
319:on 32-bit Windows.
291:and KernelBase.dll
6650:
6649:
6646:
6645:
6513:
6512:
6431:
6430:
6336:
6335:
6318:Interface Builder
6291:
6290:
6213:
6212:
6154:
6153:
6108:
6107:
6044:
6043:
5967:
5966:
5193:
5192:
5083:
5082:
4853:
4852:
4723:Macintosh Toolbox
4636:
4635:
4562:
4561:
4519:Video for Windows
4474:Games for Windows
4343:Internet Explorer
3437:Windows Spotlight
3080:Windows Installer
2867:
2866:
2839:Text Object Model
2651:Windows CardSpace
2477:Windows Installer
2211:Video for Windows
1745:(December 2001).
1715:(November 2006).
1713:Russinovich, Mark
1671:978-1-4302-4585-8
1606:Network Services.
1069:operating system.
765:targeting Windows
641:Windows.pas is a
551:, which provides
519:Internet Explorer
300:Advanced Services
295:\Windows\System32
245:
244:
179:Microsoft Windows
159:
158:
106:Microsoft Windows
16:(Redirected from
6675:
6522:
6442:
6348:
6302:
6250:Visual FB Editor
6229:
6165:
6119:
6055:
6014:
5994:
5987:
5980:
5971:
5368:Rogue Wave Views
5095:
4985:
4833:
4663:
4656:
4649:
4640:
4625:
4624:
4614:
4613:
4534:Windows SideShow
4313:Food & Drink
4207:Spider Solitaire
4147:
4040:ActiveX Document
4008:Active Scripting
3964:Windows Firewall
3919:Credential Guard
3598:Active Directory
3395:Indexing Service
3025:Resource Monitor
3020:Recovery Console
2894:
2887:
2880:
2871:
2452:WMI (extensions)
2310:Entity Framework
2196:Media Foundation
2047:D3D (extensions)
2011:
2004:
1997:
1988:
1944:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1890:
1884:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1852:Hoffman, Chris.
1849:
1843:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1812:
1806:
1796:
1790:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1756:
1750:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1657:
1648:
1647:
1634:
1628:
1621:(January 2006);
1616:
1610:
1598:
1592:
1580:
1574:
1562:
1556:
1544:
1538:
1526:
1520:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1483:
1477:
1465:
1459:
1447:
1441:
1429:
1409:
1382:
1376:
1361:
1326:Linux kernel API
1303:unwind the stack
1242:As of 2016, the
1208:memory extenders
1182:Compiler support
1107:Linux kernel API
959:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
658:operating system
571:
550:
543:
537:
510:
484:Network Services
476:
472:
468:
450:
446:
412:
408:
394:
386:
380:
352:
348:
342:
339:. It resides in
318:
314:
305:Windows registry
296:
292:
285:
281:
277:
240:
237:
231:
215:
214:
207:
182:operating system
175:computer program
101:Operating system
95:
93:
88:
42:
35:
21:
6683:
6682:
6678:
6677:
6676:
6674:
6673:
6672:
6653:
6652:
6651:
6642:
6618:Embedded Wizard
6568:
6509:
6461:
6427:
6394:
6332:
6287:
6254:
6222:
6209:
6205:Microsoft Blend
6186:
6150:
6104:
6081:
6040:
6003:
5998:
5968:
5963:
5945:
5917:
5879:
5861:
5838:
5790:
5767:
5743:
5710:
5692:
5674:
5670:Common Graphics
5646:
5593:
5540:
5522:
5504:
5479:
5415:
5397:
5309:
5271:
5262:
5243:
5203:
5189:
5171:
5138:
5079:
5056:
5028:
5001:
4969:
4935:
4926:
4903:
4880:
4862:
4849:
4845:Xamarin.Android
4821:
4798:
4773:
4763:
4732:
4704:
4685:
4676:
4674:widget toolkits
4667:
4637:
4632:
4602:
4570:Microsoft Store
4568:
4558:
4504:POSIX subsystem
4484:File Protection
4457:
4428:Program Manager
4413:Phone Companion
4403:Outlook Express
4353:Make Compatible
4283:Desktop Gadgets
4243:Anytime Upgrade
4226:
4138:
4111:
4102:Windows Runtime
3994:
3968:
3934:Family features
3892:
3717:
3673:DFS Replication
3584:
3499:
3490:Error Reporting
3446:
3346:
3222:Mobility Center
3217:Movies & TV
3111:
3095:Windows Insider
2985:Driver Verifier
2980:Drive Optimizer
2947:
2941:
2932:Booting process
2903:
2898:
2868:
2863:
2821:
2815:
2794:
2761:
2723:
2665:
2627:
2567:
2534:
2502:Component model
2496:
2482:Error Reporting
2434:
2428:
2402:
2334:
2266:
2257:SideBar Gadgets
2215:
2191:Managed DirectX
2142:
2101:
2025:Graphics and UI
2020:
2015:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1942:Wayback Machine
1933:
1929:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1860:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1832:
1828:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1799:Charles Petzold
1797:
1793:
1783:
1779:
1769:
1767:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1743:Charles Petzold
1741:
1737:
1727:
1725:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1699:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1672:
1659:
1658:
1651:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1617:
1613:
1599:
1595:
1581:
1577:
1563:
1559:
1545:
1541:
1527:
1523:
1516:User Interface.
1509:
1505:
1495:
1493:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1466:
1462:
1448:
1444:
1430:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1412:
1383:
1379:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1345:Windows Runtime
1312:
1184:
1119:HX DOS Extender
1076:
957:
915:
847:Charles Petzold
844:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
802:<stdio.h>
801:
798:
783:
725:object-oriented
702:
582:
569:
548:
539:
535:
523:Windows 95 OSR2
508:
474:
470:
466:
448:
444:
410:
406:
392:
382:
378:
350:
344:
340:
317:advapires32.dll
316:
312:
309:Windows service
294:
287:
283:
279:
275:
241:
235:
232:
229:
216:
212:
205:
91:
89:
86:
82:Initial release
65:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6681:
6679:
6671:
6670:
6665:
6655:
6654:
6648:
6647:
6644:
6643:
6641:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6613:Softwell Maker
6610:
6605:
6600:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6578:
6576:
6570:
6569:
6567:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6530:
6528:
6519:
6515:
6514:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6482:
6477:
6471:
6469:
6463:
6462:
6460:
6459:
6454:
6450:
6448:
6439:
6433:
6432:
6429:
6428:
6426:
6425:
6420:
6410:
6404:
6402:
6396:
6395:
6393:
6392:
6387:
6377:
6367:
6360:Android Studio
6356:
6354:
6345:
6338:
6337:
6334:
6333:
6331:
6330:
6320:
6310:
6308:
6299:
6293:
6292:
6289:
6288:
6286:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6264:
6262:
6256:
6255:
6253:
6252:
6247:
6241:
6239:
6226:
6215:
6214:
6211:
6210:
6208:
6207:
6202:
6196:
6194:
6188:
6187:
6185:
6184:
6179:
6173:
6171:
6162:
6156:
6155:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6127:
6125:
6116:
6110:
6109:
6106:
6105:
6103:
6102:
6091:
6089:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6063:
6061:
6052:
6046:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6022:
6020:
6011:
6005:
6004:
5999:
5997:
5996:
5989:
5982:
5974:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5961:
5955:
5953:
5947:
5946:
5944:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5927:
5925:
5919:
5918:
5916:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5889:
5887:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5877:
5871:
5869:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5859:
5854:
5848:
5846:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5800:
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5431:
5425:
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5311:
5310:
5308:
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5297:
5292:
5287:
5281:
5279:
5273:
5272:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5258:Qt for Android
5254:
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5231:
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5216:
5210:
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5038:
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5027:
5026:
5021:
5015:
5013:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4993:
4991:
4982:
4976:Classic Mac OS
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4946:
4944:
4937:
4936:
4931:
4928:
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4760:
4759:
4749:
4743:
4741:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4725:
4719:
4717:
4711:Classic Mac OS
4706:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4696:
4694:
4687:
4686:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4668:
4666:
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4607:
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4506:
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4496:
4491:
4486:
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4476:
4471:
4465:
4463:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4433:Steps Recorder
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
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4355:
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4335:
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4305:
4300:
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4285:
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4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
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4079:
4074:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4060:OLE Automation
4057:
4052:
4047:
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4037:
4027:
4026:
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4020:
4015:
4004:
4002:
3996:
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3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
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3840:
3835:
3830:
3828:Object Manager
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3788:Imaging Format
3785:
3780:
3775:
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3525:
3520:
3515:
3509:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3485:Task Scheduler
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3456:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3415:Special folder
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3356:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3327:Voice Recorder
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3090:Windows Update
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3060:System Restore
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2970:Device Manager
2967:
2962:
2960:Command Prompt
2957:
2951:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2914:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2874:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2825:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2802:
2800:
2796:
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2787:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
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2749:
2744:
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2725:
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2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2675:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2583:
2577:
2575:
2573:Device drivers
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2544:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2530:.NET Framework
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2462:Task Scheduler
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2438:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2358:Winsock Kernel
2355:
2354:
2353:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2315:Sync Framework
2312:
2307:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2123:DirectX plugin
2120:
2115:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1964:
1959:
1952:
1951:External links
1949:
1946:
1945:
1927:
1913:
1899:
1885:
1870:
1844:
1826:
1807:
1791:
1777:
1751:
1735:
1722:Microsoft Docs
1704:
1697:
1677:
1670:
1662:WinRT Revealed
1649:
1643:Microsoft Docs
1629:
1611:
1593:
1575:
1570:Windows Shell.
1557:
1539:
1521:
1503:
1478:
1460:
1455:Base Services.
1442:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1377:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1311:
1308:
1183:
1180:
1125:command line.
1075:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1060:
1019:
1003:
965:
954:file extension
952:. Despite the
914:
913:Major versions
911:
885:Windows NT 3.1
863:function calls
797:
782:
779:
767:
766:
761:and any other
747:
741:
728:
701:
698:
682:.NET Framework
598:function calls
581:
578:
577:
576:
573:
566:
563:
560:
556:
545:
531:
530:
515:
512:
485:
482:
479:User Interface
459:
456:
453:User Interface
421:
418:
415:User Interface
399:
396:
359:
357:User Interface
354:
337:output devices
325:
320:
301:
298:
272:error handling
252:
243:
242:
219:
217:
210:
204:
201:
173:that allows a
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
135:
134:
129:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
103:
97:
96:
83:
79:
78:
73:
67:
66:
54:OS/2 subsystem
43:
26:
24:
18:16-bit Windows
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6680:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6660:
6658:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6579:
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6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6531:
6529:
6527:
6523:
6520:
6516:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6500:Liberty BASIC
6498:
6496:
6493:
6490:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6472:
6470:
6468:
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6455:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6447:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6434:
6424:
6421:
6418:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6408:IntelliJ IDEA
6406:
6405:
6403:
6401:
6397:
6391:
6388:
6385:
6381:
6378:
6375:
6371:
6368:
6365:
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6358:
6357:
6355:
6353:
6349:
6346:
6343:
6339:
6328:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6315:
6312:
6311:
6309:
6307:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6294:
6284:
6283:Borland Kylix
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6265:
6263:
6261:
6257:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6240:
6238:
6234:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6220:
6216:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6197:
6195:
6193:
6189:
6183:
6182:PascalABC.NET
6180:
6178:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6170:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6157:
6147:
6146:wxFormBuilder
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6111:
6100:
6096:
6093:
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6084:
6078:
6075:
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6060:
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6053:
6051:
6047:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
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6021:
6019:
6015:
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6010:
6006:
6002:
5995:
5990:
5988:
5983:
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5976:
5975:
5972:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5952:
5948:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5928:
5926:
5924:
5920:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5898:Lively Kernel
5896:
5894:
5891:
5890:
5888:
5886:
5882:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5868:
5864:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5849:
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5845:
5841:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
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5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5793:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5774:
5770:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5750:
5746:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5717:
5716:Object Pascal
5713:
5707:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5699:
5695:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5681:
5677:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5653:
5649:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5596:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5543:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5529:
5525:
5519:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5511:
5507:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5486:
5482:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5461:Xamarin.Forms
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5435:
5434:Tao Framework
5432:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5422:
5418:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5404:
5400:
5394:
5391:
5389:
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5379:
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5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
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5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5316:
5312:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
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5288:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5265:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5246:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5207:
5201:
5196:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5177:Object Pascal
5174:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5145:
5141:
5135:
5134:Microsoft XNA
5132:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5107:Windows Forms
5105:
5104:
5102:
5100:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5086:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5059:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5035:
5031:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5012:
5008:
5004:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4990:
4989:Object Pascal
4986:
4983:
4981:
4977:
4972:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4943:
4938:
4934:
4929:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4910:
4906:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4887:
4883:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4856:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4824:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4806:
4801:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4777:
4771:
4766:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4735:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4716:
4712:
4707:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4688:
4684:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4664:
4659:
4657:
4652:
4650:
4645:
4644:
4641:
4629:
4620:
4618:
4609:
4608:
4605:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4565:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4549:Windows To Go
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4460:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4418:Photo Gallery
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4363:Meeting Space
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4333:HyperTerminal
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4303:Easy Transfer
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4028:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3973:Compatibility
3971:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3798:Library files
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3558:Reparse point
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3360:Action Center
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3287:Snipping Tool
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3145:Character Map
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3093:
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3091:
3088:
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3078:
3076:
3073:
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3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
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3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2965:Control Panel
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2955:App Installer
2953:
2952:
2950:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2916:Architecture
2915:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2902:
2895:
2890:
2888:
2883:
2881:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2811:UI Automation
2809:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2799:Accessibility
2797:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
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2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
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2668:
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2657:
2654:
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2649:
2645:
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2640:
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2597:
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2588:
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2579:
2578:
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2570:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
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2541:
2537:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2467:Offline Files
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2442:Win32 console
2440:
2439:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2419:Telephony API
2417:
2415:
2414:Messaging API
2412:
2411:
2409:
2407:Communication
2405:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2373:Windows Rally
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
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2308:
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2303:
2299:
2296:
2294:
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2284:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2206:Windows Media
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2159:Media Objects
2157:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2000:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1909:
1903:
1900:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1874:
1871:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1766:
1762:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1736:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1700:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1681:
1678:
1673:
1667:
1663:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1603:(July 2005).
1602:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1567:(July 2005).
1566:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1549:(July 2005).
1548:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1513:(July 2005).
1512:
1507:
1504:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1470:(July 2005).
1469:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1452:(July 2005).
1451:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1434:(July 2005).
1433:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1415:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1275:Object Pascal
1273:
1272:free software
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1225:Visual Studio
1222:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1035:(as of 2021,
1034:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1001:
1000:compatibility
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
966:
963:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
924:
923:
922:
918:
912:
910:
908:
904:
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886:
882:
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871:
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860:
855:
852:
848:
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789:
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778:
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764:
760:
756:
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748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
732:
729:
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719:
715:
712:
711:
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697:
695:
691:
685:
683:
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659:
654:
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644:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
608:
605:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
579:
574:
567:
564:
561:
559:applications.
557:
554:
546:
542:
533:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
513:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
483:
480:
464:
460:
458:Windows Shell
457:
454:
442:
438:
434:
430:
429:progress bars
426:
422:
419:
416:
404:
400:
397:
390:
385:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
358:
355:
347:
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330:
326:
324:
321:
310:
306:
302:
299:
290:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
251:Base Services
250:
249:
248:
239:
227:
223:
218:
209:
208:
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165:, informally
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63:
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55:
51:
47:
41:
36:
30:
19:
6663:Windows APIs
6633:PowerBuilder
6480:Visual Basic
6436:
6177:SharpDevelop
6131:Code::Blocks
5607:Dojo Toolkit
5268:
5214:Athena (Xaw)
4960:ReAction GUI
4932:
4859:
4746:
4682:
4583:File Manager
4423:Photo Viewer
4358:Media Center
4318:Groove Music
4248:Address Book
4219:
4212:
4205:
4200:Purble Place
4198:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4165:Chess Titans
4163:
4156:
4143:Discontinued
4131:
4124:
4091:
3823:Ntoskrnl.exe
3731:Boot Manager
3723:Architecture
3613:Group Policy
3505:File systems
3405:Saved search
3312:Sticky Notes
3277:Quick Assist
3205:Media Player
3175:Feedback Hub
3170:Fax and Scan
3065:Task Manager
2995:Event Viewer
2975:Disk Cleanup
2747:Composite UI
2232:RSS Platform
1930:
1924:. Microsoft.
1916:
1910:. Microsoft.
1902:
1896:. Microsoft.
1888:
1878:
1873:
1861:. Retrieved
1857:
1847:
1837:
1834:Raymond Chen
1829:
1820:
1810:
1802:
1794:
1784:
1780:
1768:. Retrieved
1764:
1754:
1746:
1738:
1726:. Retrieved
1720:
1707:
1687:
1680:
1661:
1641:
1632:
1622:
1614:
1604:
1596:
1586:
1578:
1568:
1560:
1550:
1542:
1532:
1524:
1514:
1506:
1494:. Retrieved
1481:
1471:
1463:
1453:
1445:
1435:
1390:Windows 2000
1380:
1369:x86 assembly
1359:
1287:
1241:
1218:
1212:
1207:
1196:Digital Mars
1189:
1185:
1172:Willows TWIN
1157:
1143:
1092:
1062:
1021:
1012:Windows 3.1x
1005:
999:
995:
976:kernel32.dll
967:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
925:
919:
916:
897:
878:
874:Raymond Chen
867:
856:
845:
792:
784:
768:
755:.NET runtime
703:
686:
655:
640:
609:
606:
583:
509:netapi32.dll
478:
452:
449:comctl32.dll
445:commctrl.dll
414:
411:comdlg32.dll
403:dialog boxes
393:comctl32.dll
335:, and other
313:advapi32.dll
289:kernel32.dll
256:file systems
246:
233:
221:
190:
186:
166:
162:
160:
71:Developer(s)
29:
6587:Clarion IDE
6574:Proprietary
6526:Open source
6475:CA-Realizer
6467:Proprietary
6446:Open source
6437:Windows API
6400:Proprietary
6352:Open source
6306:Proprietary
6260:Proprietary
6233:Open source
6192:Proprietary
6169:Open source
6123:Open source
6087:Proprietary
6059:Open source
6018:Open source
5652:Common Lisp
5493:Apache Flex
5485:Adobe Flash
5403:Objective-C
5343:FOX toolkit
5127:Silverlight
5075:Xamarin.iOS
5070:Xamarin.Mac
5024:Cocoa Touch
5007:Objective-C
4747:Windows API
4598:Minesweeper
4567:Spun off to
4388:MSN Dial-up
4383:Movie Maker
4288:Diagnostics
4238:ActiveMovie
3980:COMMAND.COM
3858:Shadow Copy
3713:Server Core
3553:Mount Point
3480:Shadow Copy
3075:Windows Ink
2829:DirectWrite
2737:EFx Factory
2694:Silverlight
2472:Shadow Copy
2271:Data access
2176:DirectInput
2118:DirectSound
2113:DirectMusic
2062:Silverlight
1858:How-To Geek
1496:January 28,
1268:Free Pascal
942:krnl386.exe
938:krnl286.exe
898:Flat thunks
859:Windows 1.0
733:(ATL) is a
696:languages.
626:. Of note,
536:shdocvw.dll
475:shlwapi.dll
471:shell32.dll
425:status bars
407:commdlg.dll
284:krnl386.exe
280:krnl286.exe
163:Windows API
144:Proprietary
116:Predecessor
33:Windows API
6657:Categories
6623:OutSystems
6413:JDeveloper
6273:C++Builder
6026:Qt Creator
5739:FireMonkey
5599:JavaScript
5047:PowerPlant
4578:DVD Player
4393:NetMeeting
4293:DriveSpace
4158:3D Pinball
3658:SharePoint
3422:Start menu
3267:Phone Link
3130:Calculator
3085:PowerShell
2946:Management
2639:Crypto API
2457:PowerShell
2435:management
2398:DirectPlay
2339:Networking
2262:TypeScript
2181:DirectShow
2147:Multimedia
2133:Speech API
2052:GDI / GDI+
1698:0672321157
1416:References
1067:Windows CE
992:Windows 95
988:Windows NT
980:user32.dll
970:is in the
934:kernel.exe
928:is in the
775:Native API
570:msxml*.dll
549:urlmon.dll
541:mshtml.dll
527:Windows 98
489:networking
389:Windows XP
384:user32.dll
371:scrollbars
351:win32k.sys
276:kernel.exe
92:1985-11-20
6638:AppStudio
6505:PureBasic
6423:WaveMaker
6114:wxWidgets
5734:IP Pascal
5627:jQuery UI
5536:wxHaskell
5475:.NET MAUI
5456:Moonlight
5388:wxWidgets
4700:Intuition
4373:Messenger
4368:Messaging
4298:DVD Maker
4268:CD Player
4263:CardSpace
4214:Solitaire
3914:BitLocker
3909:AppLocker
3543:Hard link
3432:Task View
3410:Namespace
3380:ClearType
3200:Messaging
3185:Magnifier
3150:Clipchamp
3125:3D Viewer
2859:Uniscribe
2540:Libraries
2487:Event Log
1863:April 11,
1728:April 12,
1408:platform.
1341:C++/WinRT
1256:LCC-Win32
1153:Macintosh
1103:Unix-like
1029:platforms
984:gdi32.dll
777:instead.
651:windows.h
628:Windows 8
602:callbacks
590:windows.h
467:shell.dll
346:gdi32.dll
264:processes
76:Microsoft
6592:Projucer
6582:Axure RP
6380:NetBeans
6136:CodeLite
6031:KDevelop
5893:GladeXML
5829:wxPython
5569:Qt Jambi
5451:MonoGame
4817:BeOS API
4617:Category
4494:MS-DOS 7
4479:ScanDisk
4398:NTBackup
4278:Contacts
4258:Cardfile
4193:Hold 'Em
4172:FreeCell
4018:VBScript
3929:Defender
3897:Security
3883:Winlogon
3838:Registry
3452:Services
3385:Explorer
3370:AutoPlay
3257:Paint 3D
3242:OneDrive
3232:Narrator
3180:Get Help
3135:Calendar
3030:Settings
3000:IExpress
2785:Remoting
2689:Remoting
2632:Security
2242:VBScript
2042:Direct3D
2037:Direct2D
1967:ECMA-234
1938:Archived
1770:June 30,
1585:(2005).
1531:(2005).
1310:See also
1264:Pelles C
1260:freeware
1192:Symantec
1176:ECMA-234
1115:DosWin32
1049:pointers
1045:codebase
998:meaning
946:user.exe
799:#include
773:use the
738:template
707:wrapping
433:toolbars
379:user.exe
333:printers
329:monitors
236:May 2023
203:Services
6628:Topincs
6554:Morphic
6489:Windows
6370:Eclipse
6245:Lazarus
6224:related
6141:wxGlade
5959:Flutter
5804:Tkinter
5781:PHP-GTK
5637:Qooxdoo
5632:OpenUI5
5528:Haskell
5411:GNUstep
5323:Bedrock
5250:Android
5219:LessTif
5090:Windows
5052:THINK C
4942:AmigaOS
4828:Android
4739:Windows
4692:AmigaOS
4593:Mahjong
4514:Interix
4448:WinHelp
4348:Journal
4338:Imaging
4186:InkBall
4072:DirectX
4035:ActiveX
4023:JScript
3736:Console
3708:Hyper-V
3603:Domains
3427:Taskbar
3400:IFilter
3375:AutoRun
3337:WordPad
3332:Weather
3247:OneNote
3237:Notepad
3160:Cortana
3035:Sysprep
2822:support
2684:ADO.NET
2679:ASP.NET
2644:CAPICOM
2520:ActiveX
2383:P2P API
2346:Winsock
2288:ADO.NET
2237:JScript
2154:DirectX
2138:XAudio2
1404:on the
1402:Itanium
1398:Itanium
1321:Interix
1229:Borland
1204:Borland
1194:, then
1187:files.
1174:), and
1111:ReactOS
1083:ReactOS
1041:AArch64
1031:of the
950:gdi.exe
903:Windows
781:History
721:classes
678:ActiveX
672:(COM),
622:(VCL),
618:(MFC),
497:Winsock
493:NetBIOS
367:buttons
363:windows
341:gdi.exe
268:threads
260:devices
222:updated
150:Website
139:License
120:DOS API
90: (
60:(later
56:in the
6599:Design
6564:XBasic
6559:TheIDE
6549:InForm
6495:RapidQ
6457:WinFBE
6344:-based
6278:RadPHP
6268:Delphi
6072:Gambas
6036:Gambas
5941:Dialog
5875:Tcl/Tk
5857:QtRuby
5814:PySide
5796:Python
5763:wxPerl
5698:Pascal
5617:Ext JS
5564:JavaFX
5439:OpenTK
5300:XForms
5234:XForms
5204:under
5042:MacApp
4997:MacApp
4950:BOOPSI
4876:OpenTK
4774:under
4728:Carbon
4626:
4615:
4588:Hover!
4462:Others
4443:Travel
4438:Syskey
4221:Tinker
4179:Hearts
4107:WinUSB
4092:WinAPI
4077:Native
3888:WinUSB
3813:MinWin
3590:Server
3390:Search
3302:Sports
3272:Photos
3262:People
3140:Camera
2393:MS MPI
2298:OLE DB
2227:MSHTML
2171:Xinput
1695:
1668:
1365:Pascal
1248:Cygwin
1200:Watcom
1037:x86-64
1026:64-bit
1016:subset
1007:Win32s
982:, and
972:32-bit
930:16-bit
894:thunks
889:Win32s
835:"
823:printf
647:Delphi
643:Pascal
501:NetDDE
270:, and
167:WinAPI
6608:LANSA
6534:FLUID
6518:Other
6487:(for
6453:GNAVI
6417:Swing
6415:(via
6384:Swing
6382:(via
6372:(via
6362:(via
6327:macOS
6314:Xcode
6297:Cocoa
6099:Linux
5923:shell
5852:Shoes
5824:PyGTK
5786:wxPHP
5756:Perl/
5729:fpGUI
5574:Swing
5373:TnFOX
5353:gtkmm
5328:CEGUI
5239:XView
5224:Motif
5019:Cocoa
5011:Swift
4980:macOS
4922:LWJGL
4809:Haiku
4757:WinRT
4715:macOS
4554:WinFS
4453:Write
4150:Games
4117:Games
3990:WoW64
3818:NTLDR
3808:LSASS
3741:CSRSS
3548:links
3523:exFAT
3352:Shell
3317:Store
3307:Start
3297:Skype
3252:Paint
3227:Money
3155:Clock
3102:WinRE
3010:Netsh
2948:tools
2937:Games
2775:MSRPC
2325:MSXML
2106:Audio
2067:WinUI
1406:IA-64
1363:Both
1351:Notes
1270:is a
1244:MinGW
1085:is a
1063:WinCE
1053:LLP64
1022:Win64
990:. In
968:Win32
926:Win16
907:WoW64
881:Win32
749:Most
632:WinRT
62:Win64
50:POSIX
46:Win32
6539:Gorm
6485:Xojo
6342:Java
6325:(on
6323:Xojo
6097:(on
6095:Xojo
5951:Dart
5931:Newt
5844:Ruby
5834:Pyjs
5819:PyQt
5809:Kivy
5749:Perl
5665:CLIM
5660:CAPI
5612:Echo
5559:FXML
5546:Java
5518:Fyne
5498:MXML
5446:UIML
5429:Gtk#
5358:JUCE
5338:FLTK
5229:OLIT
5200:Unix
5112:XAML
4965:Zune
4917:JOGL
4909:Java
4805:BeOS
4784:Xlib
4770:Unix
4670:List
4628:List
4509:HPFS
4273:Chat
4231:Apps
4133:Surf
4082:.NET
4050:DCOM
3878:WHEA
3873:USER
3863:SMSS
3653:WSUS
3633:MSMQ
3575:ReFS
3538:NTFS
3513:CDFS
3470:CLFS
3465:BITS
3365:Aero
3342:Xbox
3322:Tips
3210:2022
3195:Maps
3190:Mail
3165:Edge
3117:Apps
2912:APIs
2671:.NET
2608:NDIS
2603:WDDM
2596:UMDF
2591:KMDF
2515:COM+
2388:MSMQ
2378:BITS
2368:NDIS
2293:ODBC
2128:XACT
2097:WinG
1971:ECMA
1935:WISE
1865:2023
1772:2024
1730:2022
1693:ISBN
1666:ISBN
1498:2009
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1283:FASM
1246:and
1227:and
1202:and
1164:Wabi
1151:and
1149:Unix
1135:Zinc
1131:OS/2
1127:Odin
1117:and
1101:for
1095:Wine
1093:The
1039:and
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936:(or
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814:void
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600:and
596:for
538:and
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437:tabs
435:and
369:and
315:and
161:The
127:Type
110:OS/2
52:and
44:The
6597:XVT
6544:IUP
6390:B4X
6374:SWT
6364:XML
6237:LCL
6219:VCL
6160:CLI
6050:GTK
5936:CDK
5908:XUL
5885:XML
5867:Tcl
5773:PHP
5688:IUP
5680:Lua
5642:YUI
5466:XWT
5421:CLI
5378:U++
5315:C++
5305:XVT
5295:IUP
5290:GTK
5248:On
5206:X11
5198:On
5152:MFC
5144:C++
5099:CLI
5088:On
5062:CLI
5034:C++
4974:On
4955:MUI
4940:On
4894:GDK
4868:CLI
4837:CLI
4826:On
4803:On
4789:XCB
4776:X11
4768:On
4752:UWP
4737:On
4709:On
4690:On
4672:of
4408:Pay
4308:Fax
4055:OLE
4030:COM
4013:WSH
4000:API
3761:DLL
3756:EXE
3668:PWS
3648:IIS
3608:DNS
3580:UDF
3568:EFS
3563:TxF
3533:FAT
3528:IFS
3518:DFS
3107:WMI
2790:WCF
2767:IPC
2757:CSF
2752:CCF
2714:WPF
2709:WCS
2704:WCF
2699:TPL
2623:VxD
2618:BDA
2613:UAA
2586:WDF
2581:WDM
2510:COM
2424:WCF
2351:LSP
2330:OPC
2283:ADO
2252:XDR
2247:BHO
2220:Web
2201:XNA
2057:WPF
1487:"G"
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1198:),
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1123:DOS
958:exe
956:of
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940:or
805:int
735:C++
718:C++
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