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offensive actions were the 35th RCT against the Mt. Austin area and the 27th RCT against a series of hills called
Galloping Horse. The 161st was placed in division reserve minus the 1st Battalion, which was attached to the 27th as a reserve. (Division personnel strength reports for that period show the 161st Infantry Regiment to be seriously under-strength, being short close to 1300 personnel). While in reserve manning defensive positions around the airstrip, named Henderson Airfield, the 161st was also handed the assignment of eliminating a concentration of Japanese troops in what became known as the Matanikau River Pocket. The Pocket, estimated to hold 500 enemy troops, was a dense jungle redoubt positioned between a steep hillside and a high cliff over the Matanikau River. The heavy undergrowth masked the well-camouflaged Japanese positions, both on the ground and high in the trees, and made dislodging them a slow, grim task. The combination, though, of frequent patrols, heavy artillery bombardment, and starvation served to eliminate this strongpoint in the end. On 10 January 1943 the offensive was launched and successfully completed by 21 January with the seizure of Galloping Horse by the 27th Infantry and Mount Austin and the Gifu strongpoint by the 35th Infantry.
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Japanese force consisted of some 1,000 troops supported by approximately forty tanks. As the 2nd
Battalion, 161st Infantry supported by Cannon Company, 161st Infantry advanced to the edge of the town, the Japanese counterattacked. In extreme close combat the brunt of the attack fell on Company E supported by Cannon Company equipped with self-propelled direct-fire 105 mm howitzers. In the two-hour battle Cannon Company destroyed nine enemy tanks as Company E, while sustaining fifty percent casualties in close combat, turned back the Japanese attack. On 25 January the 2nd Battalion resumed its advance into the town led by Cannon Company which destroyed some twenty dug-in enemy tanks and four artillery pieces and some 150 enemy soldiers while the 2nd Battalion inflicted additional heavy casualties on the retreating Japanese forces as the 161st completed the liberation of San Manuel by 28 January. For their extreme gallantry both Company E and Cannon Company were each awarded a Presidential Unit Citation.
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the 27th found that the
Japanese had withdrawn, thus negating the 161st flanking attack. Because of a feared reinforcement of Japanese forces on Guadalcanal which never came, the 25th Division was ordered to guard the airfields while the 161st Infantry was placed under corps control and ordered to continue the drive north. On 6 February two battalions of the 161st reached the Umasani River and then crossed the Tambalego River. On 8 February they met light Japanese resistance prior to seizing Doma Cove. The next day the 1st Battalion of the 161st linked up with a battalion of the Americal Division at the village of Tenaro effectively ending organized Japanese resistance on Guadalcanal.
780:
456:, the 161st Infantry was reconstituted in the National Guard in 1921, assigned to the 41st Division, and allotted to the state of Washington. It was reorganized on 1 May 1921 by consolidation with the 2nd Infantry, Washington National Guard (organized in 1918; headquarters organized 30 September 1918 and federally recognized at Spokane, Washington) and redesignation as the 161st Infantry The regiment, or elements thereof, was called up to perform the following state duties: 2nd Battalion performed duties in connection with guarding prisoners at a penitentiary in
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the
Japanese attacked Hawaii and the Philippines before the 161st was to depart San Francisco. In reaction, the War Department directed the 161st to Hawaii to reinforce the defenses there. The regiment sailed from San Francisco on 16 December 1941, arriving in Hawaii on 21 December. On 17 February 1942, the 161st Infantry was reassigned from the 41st Division to the Hawaiian Department. On 23 July 1942, with the inactivation of the 24th Infantry Division's 299th Infantry Regiment, whose ranks had been depleted through the transfer of many
428:
National Guard regiments were renumbered. From 19 September to 20 October 1917, the 2nd
Infantry Regiment was consolidated with elements of the 3rd Infantry Regiment, District of Columbia National Guard to form the 161st Infantry Regiment. The 161st was assigned to the 41st Division on 19 September 1917. Sent overseas to France, the 161st was not committed to combat. Rather, the personnel of the 161st were used as replacements for other units. For its service the regiment was awarded the World War I campaign streamer without inscription.
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Highlander adjacent to the
International (Green) Zone in Baghdad. The battalion provided security for the Green Zone and conducted full spectrum operations in southeast Baghdad. There the 161 faced stiff opposition from the Mahdi Army, led by Shiite Cleric Al Sadr. This area of operations was the largest battalion level area of responsibility in the 1st Cavalry Division. The 1st Battalion completed its tour of duty and returned home in April 2005.
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22:
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406:, the 1st Washington participated in the Manila campaign as well as seeing additional action against the Filipino insurgents on the island of Luzon in 1899. The regiment was cited for valorous conduct at the Battle of Santa Ana. The First Washington spent a week in Japan en route back to America. It was mustered out of federal service on 1 November 1899 at San Francisco, CA.
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the War
Department mustered National Guard units into federal service. Among them were ten companies of the 1st and 2nd Infantry Battalions of the Washington National Guard, mustered into federal service 6–13 May 1898 at Tacoma. The Washington National Guardsmen were then reorganized and redesignated as the 1st Regiment, Washington Volunteer Infantry.
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was not included in the invasion plans for New
Georgia as resistance was anticipated to be light. However once US forces landed on New Georgia, Japanese resistance stiffened and Corps requested a regiment from the 25th Division. The 161st was selected, landing on New Georgia on 22 July 1943 and was attached to the 37th Division.
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ridge to reach the Villa Verde Trail, west of Santa Fe. Except for mopping up actions in support of the clearing of the Old
Spanish Trail by the 27th and 35th Infantry, there were no further major combat actions conducted by the 161st Infantry before the campaign for Luzon was officially declared ended on 4 July 1945.
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transferred to Fort Lewis, Washington on 20 March 1941. Between 5 June and 2 July 1941 the 41st participated in the IX Corps maneuvers at Hunter
Liggett Military Reservation, California. Returning to Washington, the division next participated in the Fourth Army maneuvers at Fort Lewis from 15 through 30 August 1941.
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The 25th Division was given the mission of clearing Highway 5 from San Jose north to the village of Digdig. The 161st cleared the ridges west of the road and the 27th Infantry cleared on the east while the 35th Infantry conducted a flanking movement to the enemy rear. The Japanese put up only minimal
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The 27th and 161st Infantry were given the mission of liberating three villages. Both regiments were entering combat for the first time in over a year. The 27th Infantry encountered only light resistance in taking their objective but the 161st ran into stiff resistance as they attacked the village of
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The second phase of the Corps offensive was to drive to the Poha River. The 161st Infantry was designated to lead the Division attack. The 27th Infantry was to conduct a holding attack on Hill 87 to tie down the Japanese units while the 161st flanked the Japanese positions from the southwest. However
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The 161st Infantry was first organized on 9 March 1886 as the 1st Infantry Regiment and the 2nd Infantry Regiment (on 7 April 1887) from existing independent militia companies which traced their origins back to 1855 when the federal government granted permission to the Washington Territory to raise a
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Meanwhile, the 35th and 27th Infantry battled to clear Mount Myoko, Kapintalin and Balete Pass. After clearing Crump's Hill the 161st Infantry assaulted the Kembu Plateau west of Balete Pass in support of the overall drive to seize the pass. By 6 May, the 161st secured the plateau. Three days later,
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The 161st Infantry entered Japan peacefully, as the regiment had done as the 1st Washington Volunteers after the Philippine Insurrection. The stay of the 161st in Japan, however, would only be slightly longer than its stay in 1899. On 1 November 1945, the 161st Infantry Regiment was inactivated and
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The XIV Corps ordered the 25th Division to New Georgia on 2 August. The 161st, back under 25th control, along with the 27th Infantry was ordered to attack north from Bibilo Hill and clear the Japanese between them and the sea. The 27th Infantry overcame stiff resistance in their drive to the north.
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The mission of the 37th Division was to take Bibilo Hill. As the attack commenced the 3rd Battalion of the 161st ran into stiff resistance while approaching the line of departure for the attack, coming under heavy fire from a ridgeline later called Bartley's Ridge. This ridgeline contained numerous
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With the 41st Division being reconfigured to the new triangular division configuration with three infantry regiments, the 161st was considered excess. The War Department ordered the 161st Infantry to the Philippines to reinforce American forces there in anticipation of a possible Japanese invasion;
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During the War with Spain the United States seized the Philippine Islands in 1898. Elements of the Filipino army, who wanted independence and resented the seizure of their islands by the United States, began hostilities against U.S. Army units stationed in the Philippines. To reinforce these units,
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On 13 March, I Corps ordered the Tropic Lightning to continue its successful advance up Highway 5 to seize the town of Kapintalan, then attack through Balete Pass to the town of Santa Fe. The area was a series of rugged ridges and thick forests, making progress against a determined, well fortified
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On 25 July the attack on Bartley's Ridge commenced. While the 3rd Battalion attacked the ridgeline frontally, the 1st Battalion flanked the position. While partially successful the attack stalled. Resuming the attack on 28 July, the 161st was successful in clearing the ridgeline. The regiment then
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With Guadalcanal secured, attention turned to recapturing the remaining Solomon Islands, particularly the island of New Georgia where the Japanese had built a key airfield at Munda. Initially the 25th Division, now known as the Tropic Lightning Division for its swift combat actions on Guadalcanal,
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As war clouds gathered, the 2nd Infantry Regiment, Washington National Guard was called back into federal service on 25 March 1917. In July 1917 the War Department set up a new numbering system for infantry regiments with National Guard regiments to be numbered 101–300. One hundred and sixty seven
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At the same time the 3rd Battalion of the 161st attacked Highley Ridge north of Norton Ridge. A heavily defended Japanese position dug into caves on Crump's Hill stopped the battalion's advance. The battle for the hill was stalemated until the battalion captured the west side of Crump's Hill on 8
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The 25th was directed by I Corps to continue the advance north on Highway 5. The division maintained the same formation with the 161st west of the road, the 27th on the east side and the 35th leading the attack with an enveloping maneuver to take the town of Putlan. The 35th reached the town on 8
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The 161st, along with the rest of the 25th Infantry Division, was alerted for shipment to Guadalcanal to reinforce the American forces already there and to provide sufficient combat strength to allow the US XIV Corps to launch offensive operations to destroy the Japanese forces on the island. The
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The 25th Infantry Division then went into rest and recuperation. It had served in continuous combat longer than any division in the Sixth Army. Plans called for the division to take part in the invasion of Japan and exercises for the assault landings were undertaken. But with the dropping of the
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On 19 May the 25th resumed its drive along Highway 5. The 35th attacked astride the highway with the 27th on the right flank and the 161st advancing on the west side of the highway. On 22 May the 161st turned west to clear the Japanese off of Mount Haruna and then continued north over the Haruna
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On 9 January 1945 the Sixth Army landed at Lingayen Gulf, Luzon. The 25th Division was held as Army reserve and was not committed to the fighting until 17 January when the 25th Division was assigned to I Corps. Significantly the commitment of the 25th Division brought the return to Luzon after a
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The 161st was next given the mission of clearing the town of San Manuel of Japanese forces. The Japanese forces were well dug in and determined to hold San Manual. Seizing the high ground northwest of the town on 22 January, the regiment found itself in a fierce fight with a determined foe. The
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With the battle for the Solomon Islands over, the Tropic Lightning Division returned to Guadalcanal in early November 1943 and then moved on to New Zealand. Here the division was brought back to full strength and in February 1944 it sailed to New Caledonia for intensive training. Throughout the
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Reorganized 1 October 1998: Retaining the 1st Battalion as an element of the 81st Infantry Brigade, Headquarters remaining in Spokane; one company moved to Kent; Deactivating the 3rd Battalion, Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC) in Kent; Detachment 1, HHC (Puyallup); Company A (Kent);
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The 1st Battalion, 161st along with the other elements of the 81st Armor Brigade was called to federal service in 2003 and arrived in Iraq in April 2004. The 1st Battalion, 161st Infantry was attached to the 3rd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division. The battalion was based at Logistical Support Area
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The 35th RCT arrived at Guadalcanal on 17 December 1942, followed by the 27th RCT on 1 January 1943, with the 161st RCT arriving on 4 January 1943. The 25th Division was assigned to the XIV Corps composed of the 25th, the Americal Division and the 2nd Marine Division. Chosen to lead the first
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In 1916, the War Department once again mustered National Guard units into federal service to reinforce Regular Army units protecting the southern border of the United States from raids by the Mexican rebel Pancho Villa. The First Washington—now designated the 2nd Infantry Regiment, Washington
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When the 41st Infantry Division was ordered into federal service on 16 September 1940, it was still configured as a square division with two brigades each of two infantry regiments, of which one was the 161st Infantry. Initially ordered to Camp Murray on 20 September 1940, the division was
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25th was reconfigured into three regimental combat teams (RCT). The 161st RCT was composed of the 161st Infantry, the 89th Field Artillery Battalion and other combat support units under the command of Colonel Clarence A. Orndorff. The 25th departed Hawaii at the end of November 1942.
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The 161st next occupied the recently abandoned village of San Isidro on 6 February. By this date the operation to secure the central plains of Luzon was complete. The I Corps was directed to turn north into the mountains of northern Luzon to attack the main Japanese stronghold.
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summer the 25th trained hard from squad level up to division, with the 35th Infantry serving as an opposing force. In the fall the division became proficient in conducting amphibious landings in preparation for its participation in the liberation of the Philippine Islands.
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The 1st Battalion of the 161st assaulted Norton's Knob, west of Highway 5 on 15 March 1945. The battalion met heavy opposition from well dug-in Japanese forces. For ten days the battle raged, with the 1st Battalion finally seizing the ridge on 26 March.
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March but was halted when the Japanese destroyed the bridge over the Putlan River and put up a fierce defense of the town. The advance was stalled until 10 March when the 27th and 161st relieved the 35th and cleared the Japanese from the area.
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National Guard—was mustered into federal service on 28 June 1916 at Camp Elmer M. Brown, WA and was dispatched to Calexico, CA for duty. Three months later the regiment returned to American Lake, WA where it was mustered out on 8 October 1916.
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Elements of 1st and 2d Infantry Battalions consolidated in part, redesignated 1st Regiment, Washington Volunteer Infantry, and mustered into Federal service 6–13 May 1898 at Tacoma; mustered out 1 November 1899 at San Francisco, California
644:
Remaining companies of 1st and 2d Infantry Battalions reorganized as Independent Battalion, Washington Volunteer Infantry, and mustered into Federal service 2–15 July 1898 at Tacoma; mustered out 28 October 1898 at Vancouver Barracks
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moved on to attack Horseshoe Hill, which had the same type of defenses as Bartley's Ridge. By 1 August, using every weapon available, including flamethrowers, the 161st cleared the hill, pillbox by pillbox and closed on Bibilo Hill.
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The 1st Battalion, 161st deployed to Iraq again in 2008 where it was tasked with providing security for logistic convoys throughout most of northern Iraq. The battalion was stationed out of Balad among other remote bases.
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The 25th Division remained on Guadalcanal to defend against any Japanese attempts to recapture the island. The 161st along with the rest of the division spent the spring and summer of 1943 training and recuperating.
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Constituted and organized 9 March 1886 and 7 April 1887 from existing companies in the Washington Territorial Militia as the 1st (west of Cascade Mountains) and 2d (east of Cascade Mountains) Regiments of Infantry
1257:
654:(Companies C, K, and M withdrawn, converted, and redesignated 5th, 3d, and 2d Companies, Coast Artillery Reserve Corps; Company A disbanded, then reorganized in 1909 as 4th Company, Coast Artillery Corps)
369:. It is the oldest unit in the Washington Army National Guard, tracing its lineage to the separate infantry companies of the Territorial Militia. Its 1st Battalion is a Stryker-based element of the
402:
The regiment was dispatched to the Philippines where it was assigned to the 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, VIII Corps. In what is known officially as the Philippine Insurrection and also known as the
552:
46-year absence, of the 1st Washington Volunteer Infantry, now the 161st Infantry, not to fight the Filipinos as their grandfathers had done but to liberate them from their Japanese conquerors.
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The 161st, probing west of the Bairoko River and on to Bairoko Harbor, found the Japanese had fled before them. On 25 August, the 161st and the 27th linked up and fighting on New Georgia ended.
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enemy extremely difficult. The Battle of Belete Pass was to prove to be one of the toughest fights the 25th Division faced in WW II, with all three regimental combat teams seeing heavy combat.
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Reorganized 15 April 1959 as 161st Infantry, a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System, to consist of the 1st and 2d Battle Groups, elements of the 41st Infantry Division
39:
648:
Elements reorganized and consolidated with 1st and 2d Infantry Regiments, Washington National Guard. (organized in 1898), and redesignated 9 November 1899 as 1st Infantry Regiment
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497:, the War Department reassigned the 25th Infantry Division's 298th Infantry Regiment to the 24th Infantry Division, and replaced it on 3 August 1942 with the 161st Infantry.
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The 161st Infantry arrived at the port of Newport News in February 1919 on the troopship USS Georgia and was demobilized from 1–8 May 1919 at
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State of Washington elements reorganized 1 January 1921 in the Washington National Guard as 161st Infantry; assigned to the 41st Division
72:
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atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki the war ended, and soldiers of the 25th could land on Japanese soil without taking casualties.
105:
54:
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Consolidated with elements of 3d Infantry Regiment, District of Columbia National Guard, and redesignated 19 September 1917 as
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on 9 May, the 161st linked up with the 27th Infantry at Balete Pass, opening the pass for the advance to the town of Santa Fe.
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43:
1235:
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Washington National Guard State Historical Society; U.S. Army Center of Military History; John Keliher (17 November 2005).
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Binalonan. The 161st turned back counterattacking Japanese tanks and infantry as they secured the village on 18 January.
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Reorganized 1 May 1971 to consist of the 1st and 3d Battalions, elements of 81st Infantry Brigade, and the 2d Battalion
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403:
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472:, 12 July–9 August 1935. The regiment conducted annual summer training at Camp Murray, Washington, adjacent to
460:, 3–8 September 1926; 2nd Battalion performed strike duties in connection with an agri-labor/I.W.W. strike at
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U.S. Army Order of Battle, 1919-1941, Volume 1. The Arms: Major Commands and Infantry Organizations, 1919-41
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415:
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Reorganized 1 January 1968 to consist of the 1st, 2d, and 3d Battalions, elements of 81st Infantry Brigade
464:, 24–27 August 1933; entire regiment for riot control duties in connection with a timber workers strike in
473:
658:
584:
April. Reinforced by the 2nd Battalion, the 3rd Battalion then eliminated the last Japanese resistance.
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Reorganized 1 January 1974 to consist of the 1st and 3d Battalions, elements of 81st Infantry Brigade
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consisting of three Stryker infantry companies and one headquarters company, with its headquarters in
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The 161st Infantry Regiment had one Medal of Honor recipient during the war: Technician Fourth Grade
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631:(Active militia Washington Territory redesignated Washington National Guard 28 January 1888)
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Relieved from assignment to the 25th Infantry Division and inactivated 1 November 1945 at
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2d Infantry Regiment reorganized and redesignated 23 July 1895 as 1st Infantry Battalion
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http://mil.wa.gov/national-guard/army-guard/81st-brigade/1-161st-combined-arms-battalion
687:(1st Battalion and Supply Company withdrawn, converted, and redesignated 10 May 1921 as
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Called into Federal service 25 March 1917; drafted into Federal service 5 August 1917
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1st Infantry Regiment reorganized and redesignated in 1897 as 2d Infantry Battalion
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Company B (Kent), Company C (Redmond), Company D (Kent), and Company E (Shelton).
1046:"1-161st INF - 81st HBCT - Army National Guard - Washington Military Department"
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Reorganized and Federally recognized 24 March 1947 with headquarters at Spokane
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661:, Washington, for Mexican Border; mustered out 8 October 1916 at American Lake
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1022:. United States Army Center of Military History. 20 May 2011. Archived from
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voluntary militia to defend settlers against attacks by the Yakima Indians.
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1139:. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute Press. p. 436.
1161:"161st Infantry Regiment | 25th Infantry Division Association"
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Reorganized 1 March 1963 to consist of the 1st and 2d Battalions
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Relieved from assignment to the 41st Division 14 February 1942
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resistance and Highway 5 to Digdig was secure by 5 March 1945.
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493:(second-generation Japanese-Americans) in order to form the
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Infantry regiments of the United States Army National Guard
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Inducted into Federal service 16 September 1940 at Spokane
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pillboxes which were well hidden and mutually supporting.
1079:. 25th Infantry Division Association. Archived from
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replaced on that date by the 4th Infantry Regiment.
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689:146th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)
657:Mustered into Federal service 28 June 1916 at
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1268:Infantry regiments of the United States Army
55:"161st Infantry Regiment" United States
714:Assigned to the 41st Division 17 June 1946
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277:1st BN “Highlander,” 3rd BN “Dark Rifles”
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
1225:United States Army Institute of Heraldry
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850:Permanent Order 202–27, 21 July 2009
824:Permanent Order 202–27, 21 July 2009
702:25th Infantry Division (United States)
673:41st Infantry Division (United States)
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786:Philippine Presidential Unit Citation
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741:United States Army Regimental System
44:adding citations to reliable sources
1110:"161st Infantry "First Washington""
681:, New Jersey and Camp Dodge, Iowa
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796:17 OCTOBER 1944 TO 4 JULY 1945
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1020:"Special Designation Listings"
735:Withdrawn 1 May 1989 from the
677:Demobilized 1–8 March 1919 at
367:Washington Army National Guard
180:Washington Army National Guard
1:
837:Meritorious Unit Commendation
811:Meritorious Unit Commendation
743:with headquarters at Spokane
737:Combat Arms Regimental System
257:1st Battalion: "Highlanders"
454:National Defense Act of 1920
268:First In War, First In Peace
259:3rd Battalion: "Dark Rifles"
410:Mexican Punitive Expedition
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1175:"Permanent Orders 123-19"
1073:"161st Infantry Regiment"
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1180:. U.S. Army. 2 May 2008.
1135:Clay, Steven E. (2010).
495:100th Infantry Battalion
962:Operation Iraqi Freedom
876:Philippine–American War
610:Operation Iraqi Freedom
416:Pancho Villa Expedition
404:Philippine–American War
359:161st Infantry Regiment
346:162nd Infantry Regiment
341:160th Infantry Regiment
323:U.S. Infantry Regiments
123:161st Infantry Regiment
1221:public domain material
767:Subordinate Elements
980:National Resolution
671:, an element of the
40:improve this article
659:Camp Elmer M. Brown
466:Grays Harbor County
255:"First Washington"
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96:December 2012
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57: –
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51:Find sources:
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29:This article
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1201:. U.S. Army.
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1118:. Retrieved
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1085:. Retrieved
1081:the original
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1054:. Retrieved
1050:the original
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1028:. Retrieved
1024:the original
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988:Iraqi Surge
937:Guadalcanal
921:World War II
770:Embroidered
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204:Part of
143:1886–present
134:Coat of arms
117:
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69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
903:World War I
505:Guadalcanal
458:Walla Walla
423:World War I
252:Nickname(s)
1252:Categories
1210:References
1030:7 February
956:1944-1945
948:1943-1944
940:1942-1943
841:2008-2009
815:2004-2005
790:1944-1945
474:Fort Lewis
452:. Per the
446:Camp Dodge
442:New Jersey
379:Washington
289:commanders
282:Commanders
246:Washington
170:Washington
166:Allegiance
66:newspapers
1077:The Units
867:Streamer
864:Conflict
857:Campaigns
274:Mascot(s)
234:Bremerton
230:Wenatchee
1239:Archived
1120:23 March
1056:23 March
870:Year(s)
711:, Japan
679:Camp Dix
438:Camp Dix
365:and the
332:Previous
299:Insignia
264:Motto(s)
222:Richland
214:Garrison
199:Regiment
1087:31 July
886:Manila
758:Ribbon
623:Lineage
375:Spokane
287:Notable
242:Redmond
218:Spokane
148:Country
80:scholar
953:Luzon
894:Luzon
773:Notes
761:Award
709:Nagoya
470:Tacoma
462:Yakima
444:, and
385:Origin
226:Yakima
176:Branch
157:
140:Active
82:
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61:
53:
1195:(PDF)
1178:(PDF)
1006:Notes
999:2009
991:2008
983:2005
975:2004
897:1899
764:Year
547:Luzon
491:Nisei
87:JSTOR
73:books
1122:2013
1089:2011
1058:2013
1032:2012
468:and
450:Iowa
357:The
335:Next
238:Kent
196:Size
186:Type
59:news
42:by
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