30:
368:
37:
46:
62:
323:
Humboldt visited then region several years after the earthquake, and his analysis therefore largely relied on anecdotal accounts that he gathered. Some of the observations such as "the bodies of many of the inhabitants were found to have been hurled to Cullca, a hill several hundred feet in height
271:
and reverse faulting. In addition to these faults that run parallel to the Andes in
Ecuador, there are two important SW-NE trending-dextral-fault systems: the Pallatanga fault and the Chingual fault. The Pallatanga fault runs close to the
324:
and on the opposite side of the river Lican", are not credible. He gave a figure of thirty to forty thousand for the number of casualties, while some more recent estimates give figures ranging from six to twelve thousand.
684:
453:
National
Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972).
943:
1126:
276:
and movement on this fault has been suggested as the cause of the earthquake, although there is no clear surface break supporting such recent movement.
29:
606:"Late Quaternary kinematics of the Pallatanga strike-slip fault (Central Ecuador) from topographic measurements of displaced morphological features"
1043:
332:
The shaking lasted for three to four minutes. The estimated rupture length for the earthquake is 70.3 km, with a fault azimuth of 067°. A
903:
1019:
995:
936:
791:"Paleoseismology and tectonic geomorphology of the Pallatanga fault (Central Ecuador), a major structure of the South-American crust"
610:
184:
1025:
505:
1121:
743:
1116:
1106:
929:
952:
382:
377:
1078:
135:
860:"The CERESIS earthquake catalogue and database of the Andean Region: background, characteristics and examples of use"
830:"Las furias del temblor. Análisis comparativo de dos sismos históricos: Quito, febrero 1797 y Cumaná, diciembre 1797"
352:
The city of
Riobamba was rebuilt nearly 20 km northeast of its original site, now occupied by the small town of
1111:
239:
of 7.6–8.3, the most powerful historical event known in
Ecuador. The earthquake was studied by Prussian geographer
212:
651:
1037:
978:
454:
337:
232:
118:
108:
1066:
1060:
1001:
768:
Ecuador: Its
Ancient and Modern History, Topography and Natural Resources, Industries and Social Development
404:
CĂ©line
Beauval; Hugo Yepes; William H. Bakun; José Egred; Alexandra Alvarado; Juan-Carlos Singaucho (2010).
236:
1084:
1031:
1013:
1007:
966:
305:
240:
724:
Personal
Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of the New Continent: During the Years 1799-1804
477:
1072:
802:
619:
417:
264:
829:
859:
772:
506:"Seismic Hazard Assessment for Guayaquil City (Ecuador): Insights from Quaternary Geological Data"
435:
353:
341:
220:
572:
899:
893:
309:
722:
810:
696:
627:
539:"Under the Southern Cross: Stories around Humboldt and Bonpland's trip to the New Continent"
458:
425:
333:
344:
length of about 110 km, which can only be achieved along the
Pallatanga Fault System.
223:, causing between 6,000–40,000 casualties. It is estimated that seismic intensities in the
490:
293:
268:
406:"Locations and magnitudes of historical earthquakes in the Sierra of Ecuador (1587–1996)"
806:
766:
623:
512:
421:
632:
605:
538:
372:
858:
Giesecke, A.; Capera A.A.G.; Leschiutta I.; Migliorini E. & Valverde L.R. (2004).
739:
1100:
680:
647:
573:"Database and Map of Quaternary faults and folds of Ecuador and its offshore regions"
430:
405:
313:
790:
267:. The main NNE-SSW trending fault systems show a mixture of dextral (right lateral)
814:
439:
301:
288:
in the north to more than 60 km south of
Riobamba, including the cities of
260:
317:
256:
150:
137:
297:
273:
252:
224:
700:
571:
Eguez, A.; Alvarado A.; Yepes H.; Machette M.N.; Costa C. & Dart R.L.
921:
340:
distribution of the earthquake. An earthquake of this size would imply a
289:
216:
52:
170:
462:
740:"Catalog of Damaging Earthquakes in the World – Search parameters"
685:"The observation of earthquakes: A guide for the general observer"
316:
was dammed for up to eighty days by landslides at the foot of the
285:
68:
925:
284:
The area of significant damage (Intensity ≥VII) extended from
457:. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.
898:(6th ed.). Footprint Travel Guides. p. 244.
789:
Baize, Stéphane; Audin, Laurence; et al. (2015).
1053:
988:
959:
197:
176:
166:
129:
103:
95:
80:
119:
721:Humboldt, Alexander von; Bonpland, Aimé (1819).
689:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
604:Winter, T.; Avouac J-P. & Lavenu A. (1993).
36:
255:of Ecuador is dominated by the effects of the
937:
336:of 7.6 was estimated based on data about the
8:
19:
944:
930:
922:
777:riobamba%20earthquake%201797%20casualties.
18:
892:Kunstaetter, R.; Kunstaetter, D. (2007).
631:
429:
399:
397:
243:, when he visited the area in 1801–1802.
215:on 4 February. It devastated the city of
109:
661:(1st ed.). John Murray. p. 410
599:
597:
727:. Vol. 5. Longman. pp. 30–31.
393:
312:were both destroyed by landslides. The
1127:1797 in the Viceroyalty of New Granada
486:
475:
7:
455:"Significant Earthquake Information"
16:Deadly earthquake in central Ecuador
633:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1993.tb01500.x
14:
611:Geophysical Journal International
410:Geophysical Journal International
1020:1958 Ecuador–Colombia/Esmeraldas
996:1906 Ecuador–Colombia/Esmeraldas
765:Enock, Charles Reginald (1914).
431:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04569.x
366:
235:, and that the earthquake had a
60:
45:
44:
35:
28:
895:Footprint Ecuador and Galápagos
746:from the original on 2003-09-17
546:Latin American Applied Research
177:
815:10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.02.030
383:List of historical earthquakes
378:List of earthquakes in Ecuador
1:
837:Revista Geográfica Venezolana
771:. T.F.Unwin,Limited. p.
219:and many other cities in the
61:
979:1868 Ecuador–Colombia/Carchi
580:USGS Open-File Report 03-289
308:. Riobamba and the town of
1143:
738:IISEE (25 December 2008).
227:area reached at least XI (
1026:1970 Peru–Colombia/El Oro
24:
233:Mercalli intensity scale
209:1797 Riobamba earthquake
20:1797 Riobamba earthquake
1122:18th century in Ecuador
1117:1797 natural disasters
1107:Earthquakes in Ecuador
1044:1998 BahĂa de Caráquez
953:Earthquakes in Ecuador
701:10.1785/BSSA0010020048
537:Lavilla, E.O. (2004).
485:Cite journal requires
241:Alexander von Humboldt
839:(in Spanish): 119–141
659:Principles of Geology
1040:(6.4, 7.2 & 6.0)
867:Annals of Geophysics
269:strike-slip faulting
265:South American Plate
828:Amodio, E. (2005).
807:2015Geomo.237...14B
624:1993GeoJI.115..905W
422:2010GeoJI.181.1613B
147: /
21:
373:Ecuador portal
221:Interandean valley
211:occurred at 12:30
1112:1790s earthquakes
1094:
1093:
905:978-1-904777-93-9
300:and the towns of
205:
204:
1134:
960:Pre-20th century
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939:
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917:
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511:. Archived from
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481:
473:
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469:
463:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
450:
444:
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416:(3): 1613–1633.
401:
371:
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334:moment magnitude
247:Tectonic setting
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1133:
1132:
1131:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1067:2016 Pedernales
1049:
1002:1942 Pedernales
984:
981:(6.3 & 6.7)
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328:Characteristics
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185:
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96:Local time
87:
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84:4 February 1797
81:Local date
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1064:
1061:2014 Pichincha
1057:
1055:
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1048:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1014:1953 Guayaquil
1011:
1005:
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990:
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873:(2/3): 421–435
850:
820:
781:
757:
730:
713:
672:
648:Lyell, Charles
639:
618:(3): 905–920.
593:
582:. pp. 2–3
563:
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487:|journal=
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167:Areas affected
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1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
993:
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987:
980:
977:
974:
973:1797 Riobamba
971:
968:
965:
964:
962:
958:
954:
947:
942:
940:
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933:
928:
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795:Geomorphology
792:
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612:
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600:
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581:
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567:
564:
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540:
533:
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518:on 2011-07-17
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314:Pastaza River
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1054:21st century
989:20th century
972:
909:. Retrieved
894:
887:
875:. Retrieved
870:
866:
853:
841:. Retrieved
836:
823:
798:
794:
784:
776:
767:
760:
748:. Retrieved
733:
723:
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704:. Retrieved
695:(2): 65–67.
692:
688:
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663:. Retrieved
658:
642:
615:
609:
584:. Retrieved
579:
566:
554:. Retrieved
549:
545:
532:
520:. Retrieved
513:the original
499:
478:cite journal
466:. Retrieved
448:
413:
409:
351:
331:
322:
283:
263:beneath the
250:
228:
208:
206:
201:6,000–40,000
187:
151:1.6°S 78.6°W
1085:2023 Guayas
1079:2021 Loreto
1073:2019 Loreto
1032:1979 Tumaco
1008:1949 Ambato
967:1698 Ambato
504:Chunga, K.
261:Nazca Plate
251:The active
156:-1.6; -78.6
154: /
1101:Categories
681:Wood, H.O.
389:References
318:Tungurahua
257:subduction
225:epicentral
198:Casualties
88:1797-02-04
1038:1987 Napo
969:(7.2–7.9)
911:20 August
877:22 August
843:20 August
801:: 14–28.
750:22 August
706:22 August
665:22 August
586:22 August
556:22 August
552:: 203–208
522:22 August
468:20 August
354:Cajabamba
348:Aftermath
338:intensity
320:volcano.
302:SaquisilĂ
298:Latacunga
274:epicenter
253:tectonics
237:magnitude
231:) on the
180:intensity
130:Epicenter
104:Magnitude
744:Archived
683:(1911).
650:(1830).
360:See also
290:Guaranda
217:Riobamba
186:MMI XI (
53:Riobamba
803:Bibcode
652:"XXIII"
620:Bibcode
440:4617325
418:Bibcode
342:rupture
259:of the
229:Extreme
188:Extreme
171:Ecuador
142:78°36′W
86: (
902:
438:
294:Ambato
280:Damage
139:1°36′S
1087:(6.8)
1081:(7.5)
1075:(8.0)
1069:(7.8)
1063:(5.1)
1046:(7.2)
1034:(7.7)
1028:(7.2)
1022:(7.6)
1016:(7.3)
1010:(6.5)
1004:(7.9)
998:(8.8)
975:(8.3)
863:(PDF)
833:(PDF)
655:(PDF)
576:(PDF)
542:(PDF)
516:(PDF)
509:(PDF)
436:S2CID
310:Quero
306:Baños
286:Quito
99:07:30
69:Quito
913:2010
900:ISBN
879:2010
845:2010
752:2010
708:2010
667:2010
588:2010
558:2010
524:2010
491:help
470:2010
304:and
207:The
178:Max.
117:8.3
107:7.6
811:doi
799:237
773:166
697:doi
628:doi
616:115
459:doi
426:doi
414:131
213:UTC
1103::
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865:.
835:.
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793:.
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