123:
108:
846:
industry with Upper Peru (Zela, Siles, Argandoña, Herrera, etc.) who led the movement, but who needed mestizo allies: merchants and muleteers, like the Ara family, many of these merchants having family ties with each other. A minority indigenous peasant or community sector was camped on the
Caramolle pampa only on the fourth day of the uprising. These objectives were based on Mariano Moreno's republican political programme of 1810 and the agreements of the constituent assembly in the following years. This plan contained the legal principle of the
93:
861:, forcing him to retreat, which meant the condemnation of the republican movement since he was thus isolated. While Zela, on the same day and unaware of what happened, attacked with his men the two military barracks of Tacna, proclaiming himself military commander of the square and Rabino Gabino Barrios, colonel of infantry militias, and curaca Toribio Ara, commander of the cavalry division. Four days later, they had more than 1,000 men from
892:
The uprisings demonstrated that they were only instigated by the Junta of Buenos Aires in order to facilitate its military campaigns in Upper Peru, while the attitude assumed by the main merchants of the square was, initially, one of prudent indifference, and then they joined the triumphant royalist
845:
The programme and the edicts published by Zela excluded from its political and social objectives the demands and interests of the indigenous and black sectors of the city. Thus, it can be said that the rebellion was based on a small sector of local criollo merchants and landowners linked to the mule
880:
But on the 25th of the same month, news of the royalist victory in Guaqui reached Tacna, which caused great confusion among the rebels. The royalists took advantage of the situation to disrupt the movement and arrest Zela, who was taken to Lima where he was sentenced to life imprisonment in the
829:
José Gómez, the priest Juan José de la Fuente and the chief
Toribio Ara organised a small troop that deposed the local royalist subdelegate without shedding blood. It was then that Zela declared his adherence to the government of Buenos Aires and his desire for
825:, to start an uprising. The plan was that while the main royalist forces fought Castelli's advance, Zela would raise the southern region of Peru, leaving them isolated and without support. He, together with the
175:
928:
A su tumo, las primeras conspiraciones y rebeliones criollas (Lima 1805, Tacna 1811) no enarbolaron bandera alguna, y en la de Tacna de 1813, Enrique
Pallardelli llegó a alzar la bandera de las provincias
1109:
168:
161:
708:
373:
361:
847:
965:
213:
835:
98:
440:
423:
684:
1162:
1038:
813:
and Tacna communicating the news of his advance to the independentists of both cities in the hope of receiving their support while
General
795:
755:
146:
1177:
1172:
641:
1139:
679:
504:
663:
902:
185:
28:
720:
606:
543:
208:
854:
326:
1182:
715:
476:
385:
696:
818:
779:
601:
514:
141:
242:
961:"Objetivos e intereses de las insurrecciones tacneñas durante la crisis del régimen colonial español 1780-1813"
1104:
368:
349:
356:
266:
261:
613:
1167:
646:
271:
237:
55:
589:
230:
651:
553:
526:
430:
404:
321:
307:
283:
803:
703:
691:
584:
565:
464:
380:
249:
225:
519:
392:
295:
831:
618:
509:
452:
418:
344:
288:
656:
435:
751:
276:
127:
59:
758:, with Tacna being the first and the only city that rose in 1811, anticipating the advance of the
839:
625:
538:
486:
960:
596:
300:
558:
409:
312:
759:
531:
570:
469:
254:
974:
870:
858:
548:
481:
397:
814:
579:
457:
834:. The objective was clear, to contribute to the consolidation of the government of the
799:
775:
113:
1156:
866:
783:
447:
862:
791:
787:
979:
1143:
1129:
782:, it assumed an autonomist character, that is, it faced the Viceroy, but not the
153:
893:
restoration, without there being any greater initiative among the population.
763:
810:
882:
874:
1131:
Historia de las insurrecciones de Tacna por la independencia del Perú
886:
743:
122:
51:
1004:
1002:
822:
747:
948:(in Spanish). Vol. 14. Lima: Editorial Brasa. p. 114.
944:
Seiner Lizárraga, Lizardo (1995). "Francisco
Antonio de Zela".
157:
924:
Ideólogos e iconografía de la independencia del Perú 1821-1826
1148:(in Spanish). Lima: Imprenta del Comercio de J. M. Monterola.
817:
sent the chief Ramón Copaja to establish communications with
1145:
La revolución de la independencia del Perú desde 1809 a 1819
1105:"El comercio tacneño frente a la independencia del Perú"
889:, where he died on July 18, 1819, at 50 years of age.
1080:(in Spanish). Lima: Librería Mejía Baca. p. 24.
842:
based in Lima under the command of
Viceroy Abascal.
794:decided not to break with Spain yet (due to the
774:It did not have its own flag nor did it use the
1090:
1063:
1051:
1008:
993:
21:
1078:El Perú y sus hombres a través de la República
786:. This is partly because when Zela rose, the
169:
8:
746:in June 1811 that proclaimed the freedom of
742:was an autonomist movement that occurred in
1020:
809:Castelli had sent emissaries and agents to
778:. Furthermore, unlike the movement led by
197:
176:
162:
154:
18:
1037:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMoreno2007 (
978:
853:But on June 20, Castelli was defeated by
848:retroversion of sovereignty to the people
798:), based on the legal theory outlined by
939:
937:
914:
836:United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
671:
633:
496:
336:
200:
99:United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
1032:
959:Choque Alanoca, Efrain (2021-06-30).
838:to confront in better conditions the
7:
1103:Rosenblitt B., Jaime (2013-12-01).
922:Salinas Sánchez, Alejandro (2002).
14:
1134:. Lima: Librería e Imprenta Gil.
850:due to the absence of the king.
756:José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa
121:
106:
91:
1:
1076:Chang Laos, Consuelo (1959).
980:10.33326/26176041.2021.1.1097
946:Colección Forjadores del Perú
1163:Peruvian War of Independence
1128:Cúneo-Vidal, Rómulo (1921).
903:Peruvian War of Independence
497:Northern liberation campaign
337:Southern liberation campaign
187:Peruvian War of Independence
29:Peruvian War of Independence
1199:
740:Tacna insurrection of 1811
505:Maynas War of Independence
1140:Vicuña Mackenna, Benjamín
966:La Vida & la Historia
819:Francisco Antonio de Zela
780:Francisco Antonio de Zela
195:
142:Francisco Antonio de Zela
135:
78:
34:
26:
855:José Manuel de Goyeneche
716:Naval Blockade of Callao
147:José Fernando de Abascal
1178:19th-century rebellions
1173:History of Tacna Region
796:Ferdinand VII strategy
527:Colombian intervention
136:Commanders and leaders
16:1811 rebellion in Peru
1091:Vicuña Mackenna 1860
1064:Vicuña Mackenna 1860
1052:Vicuña Mackenna 1860
1009:Vicuña Mackenna 1860
994:Vicuña Mackenna 1860
201:Autonomous uprisings
22:1811 Tacna rebellion
832:Peru's independence
1110:Historia y Cultura
1066:, p. 182–183.
1054:, p. 180–183.
840:Royal Army of Peru
804:Juan José Castelli
752:Spanish government
680:Brown's Expedition
652:Conquest of Chiloé
539:Balconcillo mutiny
209:Goyeneche campaign
1183:Conflicts in 1811
821:, a criollo from
735:
734:
730:
729:
704:Guruceta campaign
692:Cochrane campaign
585:Olañeta rebellion
152:
151:
74:
73:
1190:
1149:
1135:
1115:
1114:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1030:
1024:
1021:Cúneo-Vidal 1921
1018:
1012:
1006:
997:
991:
985:
984:
982:
956:
950:
949:
941:
932:
931:
919:
859:battle of Guaqui
802:and followed by
760:Argentine armies
724:
712:
700:
688:
660:
622:
610:
593:
574:
562:
535:
473:
461:
444:
427:
413:
401:
389:
377:
365:
353:
330:
316:
304:
292:
280:
258:
246:
234:
217:
198:
190:
188:
178:
171:
164:
155:
126:
125:
116:
112:
110:
109:
97:
95:
94:
87:Co-belligerents:
70:Royalist victory
36:
35:
19:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1153:
1152:
1138:
1127:
1124:
1119:
1118:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1089:
1085:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1046:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1019:
1015:
1007:
1000:
992:
988:
958:
957:
953:
943:
942:
935:
921:
920:
916:
911:
899:
815:Manuel Belgrano
772:
736:
731:
718:
706:
694:
682:
672:Naval campaigns
654:
616:
604:
587:
568:
556:
544:2nd Intermedios
529:
477:1st Intermedios
467:
455:
438:
421:
419:Miller campaign
407:
395:
383:
371:
359:
347:
324:
310:
298:
286:
274:
252:
240:
228:
211:
191:
186:
184:
182:
120:
107:
105:
104:
92:
90:
89:
85:
62:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1196:
1194:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1136:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1095:
1093:, p. 183.
1083:
1068:
1056:
1044:
1025:
1013:
1011:, p. 182.
998:
996:, p. 181.
986:
951:
933:
926:(in Spanish).
913:
912:
910:
907:
906:
905:
898:
895:
800:Mariano Moreno
776:Argentine flag
771:
768:
733:
732:
728:
727:
726:
725:
713:
701:
689:
674:
673:
669:
668:
667:
666:
661:
649:
644:
642:Sucre campaign
636:
635:
631:
630:
629:
628:
623:
611:
599:
594:
582:
577:
576:
575:
563:
551:
541:
536:
524:
523:
522:
517:
515:2nd Higos Urco
512:
510:1st Higos Urco
499:
498:
494:
493:
492:
491:
490:
489:
484:
474:
462:
450:
445:
436:Quito campaign
433:
428:
416:
415:
414:
402:
378:
366:
354:
339:
338:
334:
333:
332:
331:
319:
318:
317:
305:
293:
281:
269:
259:
247:
235:
223:
218:
203:
202:
196:
193:
192:
183:
181:
180:
173:
166:
158:
150:
149:
144:
138:
137:
133:
132:
131:
130:
101:
81:
80:
76:
75:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
50:
48:
44:
43:
40:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1195:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1168:1810s in Peru
1166:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1113:(26): 87–103.
1112:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1084:
1079:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1045:
1040:
1034:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1003:
999:
995:
990:
987:
981:
976:
972:
968:
967:
962:
955:
952:
947:
940:
938:
934:
930:
925:
918:
915:
908:
904:
901:
900:
896:
894:
890:
888:
884:
878:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
851:
849:
843:
841:
837:
833:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
784:King of Spain
781:
777:
769:
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
722:
717:
714:
710:
705:
702:
698:
693:
690:
686:
681:
678:
677:
676:
675:
670:
665:
662:
658:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
639:
638:
637:
634:Last bastions
632:
627:
624:
620:
615:
612:
608:
603:
600:
598:
595:
591:
586:
583:
581:
580:Callao mutiny
578:
572:
567:
564:
560:
555:
552:
550:
547:
546:
545:
542:
540:
537:
533:
528:
525:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
507:
506:
503:
502:
501:
500:
495:
488:
485:
483:
480:
479:
478:
475:
471:
466:
463:
459:
454:
451:
449:
446:
442:
437:
434:
432:
429:
425:
420:
417:
411:
406:
403:
399:
394:
391:
390:
387:
382:
379:
375:
370:
367:
363:
358:
355:
351:
346:
343:
342:
341:
340:
335:
328:
323:
320:
314:
309:
306:
302:
297:
294:
290:
285:
282:
278:
273:
270:
268:
265:
264:
263:
260:
256:
251:
248:
244:
239:
236:
232:
227:
224:
222:
219:
215:
210:
207:
206:
205:
204:
199:
194:
189:
179:
174:
172:
167:
165:
160:
159:
156:
148:
145:
143:
140:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
118:
117:
115:
102:
100:
88:
83:
82:
77:
69:
66:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
46:
45:
41:
38:
37:
33:
30:
25:
20:
1144:
1130:
1122:Bibliography
1108:
1098:
1086:
1077:
1071:
1059:
1047:
1028:
1016:
989:
970:
964:
954:
945:
927:
923:
917:
891:
879:
852:
844:
826:
808:
792:Buenos Aires
773:
750:against the
739:
737:
369:2nd Arenales
357:1st Arenales
220:
103:
86:
84:Tacna rebels
79:Belligerents
27:Part of the
1033:Moreno 2007
929:argentinas.
754:of Viceroy
719: [
707: [
695: [
683: [
664:Iquicha War
655: [
617: [
614:Corpahuaico
605: [
588: [
569: [
557: [
530: [
468: [
456: [
439: [
422: [
408: [
396: [
384: [
372: [
360: [
348: [
325: [
311: [
299: [
287: [
275: [
253: [
241: [
229: [
212: [
1157:Categories
909:References
881:prison at
764:Upper Peru
647:2nd Callao
602:Bellavista
431:1st Callao
381:Aznapuquio
272:Chacaltaya
973:: 35–42.
238:2nd Tacna
221:1st Tacna
42:June 1811
1142:(1860).
897:See also
811:Arequipa
626:Ayacucho
554:Arequipa
487:Moquegua
405:Quiapata
322:Aymaraes
308:Umachiri
284:Apacheta
56:Arequipa
47:Location
883:Chagres
875:Locumba
871:Ylabaya
857:in the
827:tacneño
770:History
566:Falsuri
465:Caucato
345:Paracas
250:Camiara
226:Huánuco
887:Panama
863:Tarata
549:Zepita
520:Habana
482:Torata
393:Ataura
296:Matará
267:Huanta
111:
96:
67:Result
788:Junta
744:Tacna
723:]
711:]
699:]
687:]
659:]
621:]
609:]
597:Junín
592:]
573:]
561:]
534:]
472:]
460:]
453:Paras
443:]
426:]
412:]
400:]
388:]
376:]
364:]
352:]
329:]
315:]
303:]
291:]
279:]
262:Cuzco
257:]
245:]
233:]
216:]
114:Spain
52:Tacna
1039:help
873:and
867:Sama
823:Lima
748:Peru
738:The
128:Peru
60:Peru
39:Date
975:doi
790:of
762:in
448:Ica
1159::
1107:.
1001:^
969:.
963:.
936:^
885:,
877:.
869:,
865:,
806:.
766:.
721:es
709:es
697:es
685:es
657:es
619:es
607:es
590:es
571:es
559:es
532:es
470:es
458:es
441:es
424:es
410:es
398:es
386:es
374:es
362:es
350:es
327:es
313:es
301:es
289:es
277:es
255:es
243:es
231:es
214:es
58:,
54:,
1041:)
1035:.
1023:.
983:.
977::
971:8
177:e
170:t
163:v
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