313:
267:
1205:
652:
1162:
409:
1357:
867:
272:
293:
671:
Traité des dégénérescences physiques, intellectuelles et morales de l'espèce humaine et des causes qui produisent ces variétés maladives
1307:
1295:
1252:
368:
361:
1213:
1384:
610:
350:
1279:
402:
1072:
885:
1046:
1269:
334:
522:
1389:
960:
762:
395:
36:
1379:
1057:
534:
161:
51:
30:
1031:
1157:
548:
911:
707:
699:
630:
288:
1016:
711:
459:
375:
199:
1171:
1005:
692:
666:
659:
500:
442:
302:
184:
893:
648:
570:
530:
251:
179:
874:
803:
784:
735:
526:
355:
189:
1244:
1353:
1303:
1275:
1248:
1131:
979:
968:
799:
542:
382:
1179:
1113:
771:
722:. They prove far more durable than the iron rails they replace and remain in use until 1873.
614:
486:
1135:
1117:
1106:
1091:
1076:
1065:
1061:
1050:
1035:
1020:
1001:
983:
964:
949:
930:
915:
904:
889:
878:
859:
844:
829:
818:
788:
767:
744:
715:
236:
231:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
122:
117:
112:
100:
95:
90:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
1175:
1237:
1095:
1009:
972:
926:
919:
814:
588:
578:
1373:
1102:
1087:
1024:
934:
900:
840:
833:
592:
574:
504:
494:
476:
211:
194:
1121:
938:
863:
848:
825:
792:
758:
634:
556:
1323:
855:
739:
684:
584:
174:
997:
807:
732:
596:
430:
1184:
1080:
953:
945:
688:
480:
1039:
719:
658:
French surgeon Jean-Louis-Paul Denucé gives the first description of a
425:
490:
703:
1239:
Chemical achievers : the human face of the chemical sciences
541:). The event, which involves slip on the southern segment of the
1268:
Biggs, Norman L.; Lloyd, E. Keith; Wilson, Robin J. (1976).
1243:. Philadelphia, PA: Chemical Heritage Foundation. pp.
975:, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1932.
1236:
653:New York Infirmary for Indigent Women and Children
1163:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
745:Omphalos: An Attempt to Untie the Geological Knot
620:of 1825 is set aside for preservation in England.
555:, laying the foundations for the modern study of
433:involved some significant events, listed below.
587:becomes the first European American to see the
710:early in the year and laid experimentally at
403:
8:
1350:A to Z of Scientists in Space and Astronomy
1300:The Guinness Book of Rail Facts & Feats
577:, sets off for a three-year exploration of
571:British North American Exploring Expedition
1206:"August Kekulé and Archibald Scott Couper"
410:
396:
219:
1324:"Copley Medal | British scientific award"
1183:
18:Overview of the events of 1857 in science
1352:. New York: Facts of File. p. 117.
986:), German-born pediatric bacteriologist.
1148:
342:
326:
321:
301:
280:
259:
243:
222:
1348:Todd, Deborah; Angelo, Joseph (2003).
493:is tetravalent, or forms exactly four
20:
881:), Scottish-born American astronomer.
868:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
7:
464:Introduction to Cryptogamic Botany
14:
604:History of science and technology
369:List of open letters by academics
362:Timeline of cosmological theories
573:, led by Irish geographer Capt.
479:invents apparatus for measuring
611:Stockton and Darlington Railway
1:
376:History of technology by type
294:Governance and policy studies
1109:), English aviation pioneer.
1047:Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner
553:AnfangsgrĂĽnde der Bodenkunde
322:Extraterrestrial environment
1274:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1235:Bowden, Mary Ellen (1997).
268:Sustainable energy research
1406:
1138:), English paleontologist.
1302:. Guinness Superlatives.
1210:Science History Institute
545:, leaves two people dead.
383:List of science timelines
273:Transportation technology
1058:Charles Lucien Bonaparte
748:is published in England.
449:are published in London.
31:List of years in science
1385:19th century in science
1328:Encyclopedia Britannica
862:), Indian-born British
549:Friedrich Albert Fallou
327:Terrestrial environment
1271:Graph Theory 1736–1936
1185:10.1093/mnras/35.4.168
1158:"Peter Andreas Hansen"
912:Henry Fairfield Osborn
763:Michel Eugène Chevreul
708:Robert Forester Mushet
631:William Rowan Hamilton
1098:and marine biologist.
1032:Louis Jacques Thénard
1017:Augustin-Louis Cauchy
712:Derby railway station
691:is installed (at 488
523:Fort Tejon earthquake
517:January 9 – The 7.9 M
314:Dinosaurs' extinction
802:(died 1927), Danish
693:Broadway (Manhattan)
665:French psychiatrist
501:Carl Wilhelm Siemens
443:Peter Andreas Hansen
1176:1875MNRAS..35..168.
961:Charles Sherrington
907:), Irish physicist.
894:orthopaedic surgeon
821:), German physicist
649:Elizabeth Blackwell
531:Southern California
460:Rev. M. J. Berkeley
351:Birding/ornithology
1053:), German chemist.
1006:industrial chemist
875:Williamina Fleming
804:plant physiologist
785:Vladimir Bekhterev
660:neonatal incubator
535:Mercalli intensity
447:Tables of the Moon
1359:978-0-81604-639-3
1156:W. T. L. (1875).
1132:Elizabeth Philpot
1073:William Conybeare
980:Theodor Escherich
969:neurophysiologist
800:Wilhelm Johannsen
543:San Andreas Fault
420:
419:
218:
217:
43:
42:
1397:
1390:1850s in science
1364:
1363:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1242:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1216:on 21 March 2018
1212:. Archived from
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1153:
1114:Francis Beaufort
866:, winner of the
772:Joachim Barrande
412:
405:
398:
335:Tornado research
220:
25:
24:
21:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1380:1857 in science
1370:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1360:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1310:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1219:
1217:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1190:
1188:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1145:
993:
952:), Anglo-Irish
780:
768:Wollaston Medal
755:
729:
716:Midland Railway
680:
644:
627:
606:
566:
533:with a maximum
520:
514:
473:
456:
439:
416:
281:Social sciences
239:
234:
224:1857 in science
209:
166:
125:
87:
19:
12:
11:
5:
1403:
1401:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1358:
1340:
1315:
1308:
1296:Marshall, John
1287:
1280:
1260:
1253:
1227:
1197:
1170:(4): 168–170.
1147:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1125:
1112:December 17 –
1110:
1101:December 15 –
1099:
1096:paleontologist
1086:November 30 –
1084:
1069:
1054:
1043:
1028:
1013:
1010:encyclopaedist
992:
989:
988:
987:
978:November 29 –
976:
973:bacteriologist
959:November 27 –
957:
942:
927:John Macintyre
923:
920:paleontologist
908:
897:
882:
871:
852:
837:
822:
815:Heinrich Hertz
813:February 22 –
811:
796:
779:
776:
775:
774:
765:
754:
751:
750:
749:
728:
725:
724:
723:
696:
679:
676:
675:
674:
667:Bénédict Morel
663:
656:
643:
640:
639:
638:
626:
623:
622:
621:
605:
602:
601:
600:
593:giant sequoias
589:Mariposa Grove
582:
579:Western Canada
565:
562:
561:
560:
546:
518:
513:
512:Earth sciences
510:
509:
508:
498:
495:chemical bonds
489:proposes that
484:
472:
469:
468:
467:
455:
452:
451:
450:
438:
435:
418:
417:
415:
414:
407:
400:
392:
389:
388:
387:
386:
379:
372:
365:
358:
353:
345:
344:
340:
339:
338:
337:
329:
328:
324:
323:
319:
318:
317:
316:
308:
307:
299:
298:
297:
296:
291:
283:
282:
278:
277:
276:
275:
270:
262:
261:
257:
256:
255:
254:
246:
245:
241:
240:
235:
230:
227:
226:
216:
215:
208:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
171:
168:
167:
165:
164:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
120:
115:
110:
103:
98:
93:
88:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
48:
45:
44:
41:
40:
33:
28:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1402:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1361:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1341:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1311:
1309:0-900424-56-7
1305:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1283:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1264:
1261:
1256:
1254:9780941901123
1250:
1246:
1241:
1240:
1231:
1228:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1152:
1149:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1103:George Cayley
1100:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1088:Mary Buckland
1085:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1025:mathematician
1022:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
994:
990:
985:
981:
977:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
955:
951:
947:
944:November 1 –
943:
940:
936:
935:laryngologist
932:
928:
924:
921:
917:
913:
909:
906:
902:
901:Joseph Larmor
898:
895:
891:
887:
883:
880:
876:
872:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
850:
846:
842:
841:Eugen Bleuler
838:
835:
834:mathematician
831:
827:
823:
820:
816:
812:
809:
805:
801:
798:February 3 –
797:
794:
790:
786:
783:January 20 –
782:
781:
777:
773:
770:for geology:
769:
766:
764:
760:
757:
756:
752:
747:
746:
741:
737:
734:
731:
730:
726:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
694:
690:
686:
682:
681:
677:
672:
668:
664:
661:
657:
654:
650:
646:
645:
641:
636:
632:
629:
628:
624:
619:
617:
612:
608:
607:
603:
598:
594:
590:
586:
583:
580:
576:
575:John Palliser
572:
569:May 16 – The
568:
567:
563:
558:
554:
550:
547:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
516:
515:
511:
506:
505:Siemens cycle
502:
499:
496:
492:
488:
487:August Kekulé
485:
482:
478:
477:Robert Bunsen
475:
474:
470:
465:
461:
458:
457:
453:
448:
444:
441:
440:
436:
434:
432:
428:
427:
413:
408:
406:
401:
399:
394:
393:
391:
390:
385:
384:
380:
378:
377:
373:
371:
370:
366:
364:
363:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
348:
347:
346:
343:Other/related
341:
336:
333:
332:
331:
330:
325:
320:
315:
312:
311:
310:
309:
306:
305:
300:
295:
292:
290:
287:
286:
285:
284:
279:
274:
271:
269:
266:
265:
264:
263:
258:
253:
250:
249:
248:
247:
242:
238:
233:
229:
228:
225:
221:
214:
213:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
172:
170:
169:
163:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
108:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
61:
58:
56:
53:
50:
49:
47:
46:
38:
34:
32:
29:
27:
26:
23:
22:
16:
1349:
1343:
1331:. Retrieved
1327:
1318:
1299:
1290:
1270:
1263:
1238:
1230:
1218:. Retrieved
1214:the original
1209:
1200:
1189:. Retrieved
1167:
1161:
1151:
1128:date unknown
1127:
1122:hydrographer
1071:August 12 –
1004:), Scottish
996:January 2 –
939:radiographer
937:and pioneer
933:), Scottish
925:October 2 –
918:), American
886:Robert Jones
864:physiologist
849:psychiatrist
826:Carl Pearson
793:psychologist
759:Copley Medal
743:
727:Publications
706:are made by
670:
635:Icosian game
633:invents the
615:
557:soil science
552:
538:
503:patents the
463:
446:
423:
421:
381:
374:
367:
360:
304:Paleontology
303:
223:
210:
204:
185:Architecture
106:
105:
15:
1120:), British
1094:), English
1079:), English
967:), English
910:August 8 –
856:Ronald Ross
839:April 30 –
832:), English
824:March 27 –
791:), Russian
740:creationist
736:P. H. Gosse
685:Elisha Otis
683:March 23 –
647:March 12 –
625:Mathematics
585:Galen Clark
564:Exploration
252:Archaeology
180:Archaeology
1374:Categories
1281:0198539010
1191:2011-08-26
1143:References
1066:naturalist
1064:), French
1056:July 29 –
1045:July 13 –
1038:), French
1030:June 21 –
1023:), French
998:Andrew Ure
899:July 11 –
884:June 28 –
808:geneticist
733:Naturalist
702:made from
698:The first
678:Technology
669:publishes
651:opens the
616:Locomotion
597:California
551:publishes
462:publishes
431:technology
356:Literature
289:Psychology
260:Technology
200:Philosophy
190:Literature
1081:geologist
1015:May 23 –
954:physicist
946:John Joly
892:), Welsh
873:May 15 –
854:May 13 –
847:), Swiss
471:Chemistry
437:Astronomy
422:The year
1298:(1979).
1220:21 March
689:elevator
687:' first
642:Medicine
521:
481:effusion
424:1857 in
1333:23 July
1172:Bibcode
1040:chemist
720:England
714:on the
539:Violent
537:of IX (
527:Central
525:shakes
454:Biology
426:science
205:Science
1356:
1306:
1278:
1251:
1134:(born
1116:(born
1105:(born
1090:(born
1075:(born
1060:(born
1049:(born
1034:(born
1019:(born
1000:(born
991:Deaths
982:(died
963:(died
948:(died
929:(died
914:(died
903:(died
888:(died
877:(died
858:(died
843:(died
828:(died
817:(died
787:(died
778:Births
753:Awards
491:carbon
244:Fields
1245:91–93
870:1902.
742:text
704:steel
700:rails
618:No. 1
195:Music
37:table
1354:ISBN
1335:2020
1304:ISBN
1276:ISBN
1249:ISBN
1222:2018
1136:1780
1118:1774
1107:1773
1092:1797
1077:1787
1062:1803
1051:1783
1036:1777
1021:1789
1008:and
1002:1778
984:1911
971:and
965:1952
950:1933
931:1928
916:1935
905:1942
890:1933
879:1911
860:1932
845:1939
830:1936
819:1894
806:and
789:1927
609:The
529:and
429:and
237:1858
232:1856
212:+...
159:1867
154:1866
149:1865
144:1864
139:1863
134:1862
129:1861
123:1860
118:1859
113:1858
107:1857
101:1856
96:1855
91:1854
85:1853
80:1852
75:1851
70:1850
65:1849
60:1848
55:1847
1180:doi
738:'s
718:in
613:'s
595:in
591:of
445:'s
175:Art
1376::
1326:.
1247:.
1208:.
1178:.
1168:35
1166:.
1160:.
1130:–
761::
695:).
39:)
1362:.
1337:.
1312:.
1284:.
1257:.
1224:.
1194:.
1182::
1174::
1124:.
1083:.
1068:.
1042:.
1027:.
1012:.
956:.
941:.
922:.
896:.
851:.
836:.
810:.
795:.
673:.
662:.
655:.
637:.
599:.
581:.
559:.
519:w
507:.
497:.
483:.
466:.
411:e
404:t
397:v
162:…
52:…
35:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.