650:
30:
1004:
517:
693:
The official figures are not deemed credible. Jankoff further disputed the unanimous figure and suggested that only 18 of the 24 states returned affirmative results, with around 7,303,000 votes for a monarchy led by
Maximilian and around 1,162,000 against.
672:
The results were also manipulated by taking referendum returns from certain areas in a region and adding the total number of the region's population to the votes. Voters signed a register (which ultimately weighed 700
579:
on 4 December 1863. The proposal was supposedly approved by 100% of voters, with not a single vote cast against. Maximilian subsequently took the throne on 11 April 1864, starting the era of the
615:
was occupied, but Spain and Great
Britain began to back away as they realized France intended to overthrow the Mexican government in a plot that gained collaboration from
228:
554:
1691:
992:
970:
426:
189:
637:. He agreed but put forth the condition that the Empire had to be ratified by a national plebiscite. Napoleon III subsequently passed orders down to
1686:
1676:
1666:
498:
266:
943:
480:
476:
243:
1656:
1570:
657:
The referendum has been characterized as fraudulent. The invading French army only conducted the referendum in the occupied areas between
463:
458:
335:
331:
357:
1512:
1124:
1054:
1044:
433:
414:
375:
1497:
1487:
1477:
1467:
1457:
1447:
1437:
1427:
1417:
1407:
1397:
1387:
1377:
1367:
365:
326:
322:
318:
314:
140:
547:
206:
150:
1242:
985:
390:
197:
57:
633:. Forey organized a new Mexican government which resolved to establish a Mexican monarchy and invite Maximilian to assume the
1722:
370:
395:
1732:
1727:
1502:
1492:
1482:
1472:
1462:
1452:
1442:
1432:
1422:
1412:
1402:
1392:
1382:
1372:
1362:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1227:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1049:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
627:
309:
305:
301:
297:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1585:
527:
343:
219:
155:
99:
43:
1357:
1327:
623:
608:
540:
451:
400:
104:
638:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1237:
1232:
1222:
978:
274:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1580:
1575:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1712:
666:
1681:
1671:
634:
438:
421:
385:
1717:
488:
232:
94:
669:
refused to sign acts of adhesion, the French had them imprisoned for thirty six hours until they yielded.
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
871:
568:
111:
65:
51:
682:
580:
503:
181:
173:
70:
888:
616:
595:
declared a moratorium on the country's debt as it was effectively bankrupt. The country's creditors,
380:
1016:
1008:
287:
258:
132:
124:
1214:
84:
20:
939:
572:
160:
89:
685:
wrote that
Maximilian's acceptance of the results amounted to "a true excess in credulity."
649:
592:
493:
210:
662:
612:
809:
773:
467:
29:
1706:
607:
decided to take action and formalized plans to militarily intervene in Mexico at the
604:
521:
79:
674:
658:
630:
810:
Mexico, 4 December 1863: Archduke
Maximilian of Habsburg-Lorraine as Emperor
678:
1003:
600:
576:
648:
596:
974:
936:
Maximilian and
Carlota: Europe's Last Empire in Mexico
622:
On 10 June 1863, French troops, commanded by
General
1649:
1511:
1213:
1015:
923:. Chicago A. C. McClurg & Co. pp. 19–20.
844:. Chicago A. C. McClurg & Co. pp. 18–20.
961:Mexico a traves de los siglos: Tomo V La Reforma
857:Mexico a traves de los siglos: Tomo V La Reforma
677:) that was subsequently passed to Maximilian in
986:
548:
8:
963:(in Spanish). Ballesca y Comp. p. 635.
859:(in Spanish). Ballesca y Comp. p. 622.
993:
979:
971:
696:
555:
541:
15:
190:LXIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress
908:. Oxford University Press. p. 392.
787:
770:
759:
748:
744:
733:
18:
267:Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation
760:
749:
701:
7:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
1009:Elections and referendums in Mexico
873:Compendio de la Historia de Mexico
653:Map of French occupied territories
14:
829:. Estes and Lauriat. p. 491.
611:on October 31, 1861. The port of
1002:
665:. When the leading citizens of
515:
28:
827:Young Folk’s History of Mexico
641:to arrange such a referendum.
386:National Regeneration Movement
1:
906:The Course of Mexican History
890:The Mexican Nation: A History
477:Diplomatic missions of Mexico
344:Instituto Nacional Electoral
870:Verdia, Luis Perez (1892).
459:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
366:Institutional Revolutionary
244:Federal electoral districts
141:Andrés Manuel López Obrador
1749:
876:(in Spanish). p. 481.
591:In 1861 Mexican president
275:Federal Electoral Tribunal
887:Priestly, Joseph (1923).
771:
761:Registered voters/turnout
745:
734:
723:
712:
707:
704:
825:Ober, Frederick (1883).
415:Administrative divisions
229:President of the Chamber
904:Meyer, Michael (1979).
233:Marcela Guerra Castillo
207:President of the Senate
1017:Presidential elections
934:McAllen, M.M. (2014).
681:. Mexican historian
654:
294:Recent major elections
199:Senate of the Republic
151:List of heads of state
52:Constitution of Mexico
1723:Referendums in Mexico
1215:Legislative elections
652:
581:Second Mexican Empire
376:Democratic Revolution
182:Congress of the Union
1733:December 1863 events
1728:Monarchy referendums
959:Vigil, Jose (1884).
921:Maximilian in Mexico
855:Vigil, Jose (1884).
842:Maximilian in Mexico
609:Convention of London
938:. p. 112-113.
919:Kemper, J. (1911).
840:Kemper, J. (1911).
698:
624:Élie Frédéric Forey
617:Mexican monarchists
221:Chamber of Deputies
133:President of Mexico
697:
655:
434:State legislatures
396:Citizens' Movement
156:Federal government
100:Capital punishment
44:Federal government
21:Politics of Mexico
1700:
1699:
945:978-1-59534-183-9
812:Direct Democracy
779:
778:
565:
564:
522:Mexico portal
499:Visa requirements
452:Foreign relations
358:Political parties
105:Life imprisonment
1740:
1713:1863 referendums
1007:
1006:
995:
988:
981:
972:
965:
964:
956:
950:
949:
931:
925:
924:
916:
910:
909:
901:
895:
894:
884:
878:
877:
867:
861:
860:
852:
846:
845:
837:
831:
830:
822:
816:
815:
807:
774:Direct Democracy
699:
683:JosĂ© MarĂa Vigil
567:A referendum on
557:
550:
543:
520:
519:
518:
211:Ana Lilia Rivera
32:
16:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1645:
1513:State elections
1507:
1209:
1011:
1001:
999:
969:
968:
958:
957:
953:
946:
933:
932:
928:
918:
917:
913:
903:
902:
898:
886:
885:
881:
869:
868:
864:
854:
853:
849:
839:
838:
834:
824:
823:
819:
813:
808:
789:
784:
691:
647:
639:Marshal Bazaine
589:
561:
532:
528:Other countries
516:
514:
509:
508:
489:Nationality law
485:
473:
461:
454:
444:
443:
417:
407:
406:
405:
391:Ecologist Green
371:National Action
360:
350:
349:
330:Gubernatorial:
329:
312:
295:
290:
280:
279:
261:
251:
250:
238:
231:
216:
209:
194:
176:
166:
165:
147:
143:
127:
117:
116:
55:
46:
23:
12:
11:
5:
1746:
1744:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1718:1863 in Mexico
1715:
1705:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1517:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1021:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1000:
998:
997:
990:
983:
975:
967:
966:
951:
944:
926:
911:
896:
893:. p. 354.
879:
862:
847:
832:
817:
786:
785:
783:
780:
777:
776:
769:
768:
765:
762:
758:
757:
754:
751:
747:
746:
743:
742:
739:
736:
732:
731:
728:
725:
721:
720:
717:
714:
710:
709:
706:
703:
690:
687:
646:
643:
635:Imperial Crown
588:
585:
563:
562:
560:
559:
552:
545:
537:
534:
533:
531:
530:
524:
511:
510:
507:
506:
501:
496:
491:
484:
483:
472:
471:
468:Marcelo Ebrard
455:
450:
449:
446:
445:
442:
441:
439:Municipalities
436:
431:
430:
429:
418:
413:
412:
409:
408:
404:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
362:
361:
356:
355:
352:
351:
348:
347:
339:
338:
291:
286:
285:
282:
281:
278:
277:
271:
270:
262:
257:
256:
253:
252:
249:
248:
247:
246:
237:
236:
225:
224:
215:
214:
203:
202:
193:
192:
186:
185:
177:
172:
171:
168:
167:
164:
163:
158:
153:
146:
145:
137:
136:
128:
123:
122:
119:
118:
115:
114:
109:
108:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
76:
75:
74:
73:
62:
61:
47:
42:
41:
38:
37:
34:
33:
25:
24:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1745:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
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1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
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1673:
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1642:
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1627:
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1622:
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1614:
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1609:
1607:
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1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
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1542:
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1537:
1534:
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1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
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1391:
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1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
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1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1005:
996:
991:
989:
984:
982:
977:
976:
973:
962:
955:
952:
947:
941:
937:
930:
927:
922:
915:
912:
907:
900:
897:
892:
891:
883:
880:
875:
874:
866:
863:
858:
851:
848:
843:
836:
833:
828:
821:
818:
811:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
788:
781:
775:
766:
763:
755:
752:
740:
737:
729:
726:
722:
718:
715:
711:
700:
695:
688:
686:
684:
680:
676:
670:
668:
664:
660:
651:
644:
642:
640:
636:
632:
629:
625:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
605:Great Britain
602:
598:
594:
593:Benito Juárez
586:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
558:
553:
551:
546:
544:
539:
538:
536:
535:
529:
526:
525:
523:
513:
512:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
482:
478:
475:
474:
469:
465:
460:
457:
456:
453:
448:
447:
440:
437:
435:
432:
428:
425:
424:
423:
420:
419:
416:
411:
410:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
363:
359:
354:
353:
346:
345:
341:
340:
337:
333:
328:
324:
320:
316:
313:Legislative:
311:
307:
303:
299:
293:
292:
289:
284:
283:
276:
273:
272:
269:
268:
264:
263:
260:
255:
254:
245:
242:
241:
240:
239:
234:
230:
227:
226:
223:
222:
218:
217:
212:
208:
205:
204:
201:
200:
196:
195:
191:
188:
187:
184:
183:
179:
178:
175:
170:
169:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
148:
142:
139:
138:
135:
134:
130:
129:
126:
121:
120:
113:
110:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
82:
81:
78:
77:
72:
69:
68:
67:
64:
63:
59:
54:
53:
49:
48:
45:
40:
39:
36:
35:
31:
27:
26:
22:
17:
1661:
960:
954:
935:
929:
920:
914:
905:
899:
889:
882:
872:
865:
856:
850:
841:
835:
826:
820:
692:
671:
656:
621:
590:
575:was held in
566:
401:New Alliance
342:
265:
220:
198:
180:
131:
112:Gun politics
66:Human rights
50:
1650:Referendums
814:(in German)
750:Total votes
659:Mexico City
631:Mexico City
504:Visa policy
381:Labor Party
174:Legislature
95:Nationality
71:LGBT rights
1707:Categories
782:References
587:Background
569:Maximilian
764:8,620,982
753:6,445,564
738:6,445,564
716:6,445,564
571:becoming
481:in Mexico
427:Governors
296:General:
288:Elections
259:Judiciary
125:Executive
772:Source:
663:Veracruz
628:captured
613:Veracruz
494:Passport
464:Minister
213:(MORENA)
144:(MORENA)
85:Abortion
724:Against
689:Results
679:Trieste
645:Conduct
573:Emperor
161:Cabinet
58:history
942:
741:100.00
719:100.00
702:Choice
667:PotosĂ
603:, and
601:France
577:Mexico
422:States
308:, and
767:74.77
735:Total
705:Votes
597:Spain
235:(PRI)
90:Labor
1692:2022
1687:2021
1682:1999
1677:1998
1672:1995
1667:1867
1662:1863
1657:1854
1641:2024
1636:2023
1631:2022
1626:2021
1621:2020
1616:2019
1611:2018
1606:2017
1601:2016
1596:2015
1591:2014
1586:2013
1581:2012
1576:2011
1571:2010
1566:2009
1561:2008
1556:2007
1551:2006
1546:2005
1541:2004
1536:2003
1531:2002
1526:2001
1521:2000
1503:2024
1498:2021
1493:2018
1488:2015
1483:2012
1478:2009
1473:2006
1468:2003
1463:2000
1458:1997
1453:1994
1448:1991
1443:1988
1438:1985
1433:1982
1428:1979
1423:1976
1418:1973
1413:1970
1408:1967
1403:1964
1398:1961
1393:1958
1388:1955
1383:1952
1378:1949
1373:1946
1368:1943
1363:1940
1358:1937
1353:1934
1348:1928
1343:1924
1338:1920
1333:1917
1328:1912
1323:1910
1318:1904
1313:1900
1308:1896
1303:1892
1298:1888
1293:1884
1288:1880
1283:1876
1278:1871
1273:1867
1268:1861
1263:1857
1258:1853
1253:1850
1248:1848
1243:1842
1238:1837
1233:1833
1228:1828
1223:1824
1205:2024
1200:2018
1195:2012
1190:2006
1185:2000
1180:1994
1175:1988
1170:1982
1165:1976
1160:1970
1155:1964
1150:1958
1145:1952
1140:1946
1135:1940
1130:1934
1125:1929
1120:1928
1115:1924
1110:1920
1105:1917
1100:1911
1095:1910
1090:1904
1085:1900
1080:1896
1075:1892
1070:1888
1065:1884
1060:1880
1055:1877
1050:1876
1045:1872
1040:1871
1035:1867
1030:1861
1025:1857
940:ISBN
730:0.00
661:and
336:2021
334:and
332:2010
327:2021
325:and
323:2015
319:2009
315:2003
310:2024
306:2018
302:2012
298:2006
713:For
675:lbs
619:.
583:.
80:Law
1709::
790:^
626:,
599:,
479:/
466::
321:,
317:,
304:,
300:,
994:e
987:t
980:v
948:.
756:–
727:0
708:%
556:e
549:t
542:v
470:)
462:(
60:)
56:(
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