694:
221:. It shook a poor region where many of the houses were built without foundations, with lime or mud mortar, and with weak joints. More than 10,000 buildings were badly damaged, of which 4,399 were completely destroyed. There were over 1,200 deaths and 1,500 serious injuries, however, many people were in the streets celebrating Christmas hence casualties were not higher. The heavy snow that followed the earthquake caused further suffering and deaths. Help was slow to arrive at first, but as the news spread food and blankets arrived, then tents, and then donations from around the world helped with reconstruction.
685:(1826–1891). The houses that were built had solid foundations, strong frameworks, reinforced corners and other features designed to reduce risk of collapse. The villages were moved to new sites nearby on stable ground with slopes less than 5%. To ensure access after a future earthquake, reduce the risk of falling facades and provide open places for camps the new village layouts had houses grouped in blocks, streets over 10 metres (33 ft) wide and large squares. 12,345 people received assistance in reconstruction or repairs, which were undertaken from July 1885 to June 1887.
38:
547:
726:
576:
60:
363:. Later, the French commission estimated that 154,000 square miles (400,000 km) were disturbed by the earthquake, and the Italian commission put the area at 174,000 square miles (450,000 km). Even the larger estimate must be too small, since the shock was sufficient to ring bells and stop clocks in Madrid. The fracture zone was 17 to 20 kilometres (11 to 12 mi) long, which indicates a moment magnitude of about 6.5 to 6.9. The
748:(1850–1912), who also provided a long report on the area's geology with a map of the intensity of the shaking. Mercalli thought the earthquake was produced by the build-up of pressure in magma in a region where the crust was too strong to allow a volcanic eruption. The Italian team, with access to more information than the Spanish and French commissions, estimated there were 750 deaths and 1,554 severely wounded. After careful enquiries,
628:. Wooden sheds were thrown up for temporary shelter, with 698 sheds built in total in Granada. At a national and international level the first reaction was disbelief, but this was quickly followed by a surge of support for the victims. A national subscription organized by the Spanish government reached 6.5 million pesetas. Newspapers and other organizations collected donations, and aid came from Mexico, Uruguay, Cuba and elsewhere.
594:
561:
602:
had to live in the fields, mostly without shelter, and suffered from the cold and snow. Aftershocks, some quite strong, followed in the next few days. Many of those who remained in their homes kept their doors open despite the intense cold. The first priority was to rescue people buried in the rubble and care for the wounded, and this was done by the local people in the first few days.
67:
460:
611:
published the first news of the disaster on 26 December 1884, but the full extent was not really known until the next day. The editor called for the central and local governments to act, called for national press coverage, and opened a relief fund. He made a series of visits to distribute grants and
601:
The villages that were most affected were poor and isolated, and the earthquake was followed by unusually heavy snowfall. The disaster left over 15,000 people without homes, another 25,000 were forced to leave their homes by the ruinous conditions, and others left for fear of further collapses. They
506:
The earthquake damaged 106 communities, of which 39 suffered severe damage. The villages of Arenas del Rey, Ventas de
Zafarraya and Alhama de Granada were almost completely destroyed. 10,715 buildings were badly damaged, of which 4,399 were completely destroyed. More than 20,000 houses were affected.
706:
and Guarro. The preliminary report devoted seven pages to current theories of earthquake causes, volcanic and non-volcanic, including the internal heat of the earth, high pressure vapors and dissolution of rocks by underground waters. A further seven pages described the orography and hydrography of
710:
The
Spanish Commission estimated that 17,178 buildings were damaged, of which 4,899 were totally destroyed. 745 people had died and 1,485 had been wounded. They concluded that the earthquake was caused by the pressure of water vapor in deep underground strata, from water that had penetrated the
523:
night, so many people were on the streets celebrating the holiday, which reduced the number of victims. Other factors that may have reduced the number of casualties compared to other earthquakes of similar magnitude were that few people lived very close to the epicenter, and the most destructive
510:
The most common types of building in the region were poorly built, with lime or mud mortar and without foundations, and proved very vulnerable, particularly when built on soft terrain which amplified the shocks. There was less damage to houses built on old limestone or crystalline rocks, greater
493:
A visible crack over 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) long ran in a roughly east-west direction along the northern margin of the Sierra Tejeda and past Ventas de
Zafarraya. Displacements along the crack were 1.2 to 1.5 metres (3 ft 11 in to 4 ft 11 in) horizontally and 1.2 metres
701:
On 7 January 1884 the
Spanish government appointed a commission to study the earthquake led by the mining engineer Manuel Fernández de Castro y Suero (1825–1895). They visited the region at once, circulated a 33-question survey, and on 12 March 1885 issued a report based in part on the survey
623:
The governors of
Granada and Malaga obtained lists of victims, survivors and aid requirements and set up local organizations to distribute aid, usually consisting of the mayor, priest, doctor and leading citizens in each community. Emergency hospitals were set up in Arenas del Rey, Alhama and
756:(1839–1902) explained the earthquake as having been caused by movement along the faults that bound the Tejeda / Almijara massif to the north and south. He thought the movement was due to contraction of the earth. Others thought the cause might have been the collapse of underground cavities.
494:(3 ft 11 in) vertically. The earthquake produced soil liquefaction, landslides, cracks in the ground, subsidence, changes to the flow from springs, and the release of gases. The three commissions that investigated the earthquake described phenomena associated with
665:
In
February 1885 the Ministry of the Interior called for designs by Spanish architects for new houses for the poor, which had to cost no more than 1,500 pesetas and be as strong as possible against future earthquakes. The ministry chose five designs by the architect
531:
456:. In Ventas de Zafarraya and Alhama almost vertical longitudinal waves were followed one or two seconds later by transverse waves. This indicates a depth of focus that was probably less than 15–20 kilometres (9.3–12.4 mi).
661:
received 13,062 pesetas. These were not among the worst affected communities. Ventas de
Zafarraya was rebuilt almost entirely with money from Cuba, at that time a colony of Spain, and the village became known as "New Havana".
490:. There were almost daily aftershocks until May, causing further damage in the epicentral area. Significant shocks were felt on 30 December 1884 and in 1885 on 3/5/21 January, 19/27 February, 25 March, 11 April and 13 October.
249:
less than 5.5, but large earthquakes with magnitude greater than 6.5 do occur occasionally. Many of the earthquakes are shallow, at depths of less than 40 kilometres (25 mi), but there are a significant number with
515:
was about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) long, with cracks 1 to 4 metres (3 ft 3 in to 13 ft 1 in) wide and over 6 metres (20 ft) deep. The village had to be rebuilt in a different place nearby.
636:
Large donations came from subscription funds and private individuals in
Argentina, Britain, Germany and France, and from the Vatican. In Spain, Barcelona alone collected 157,925 pesetas for relief. The Catalan poet
261:
fault is about 3.5 centimetres (1.4 in) per century. At least two other earthquakes of magnitude 6.5 have occurred along this fault in the last 10,000 years. There are records of earthquakes with
759:
In historical times the only earthquake in Spain that was larger than the 1884 earthquake was that of 1954, which also had an epicenter in
Granada, although the destruction in 1954 was not as great.
722:(1828–1904), an Academy member, which prepared a long report with a map. The French commission said the atmospheric conditions were irrelevant and the earthquake was related to the region's geology.
470:
were felt during the night that followed, with one at 2:30 causing the collapse of some of the buildings damaged by the main earthquake. That night aftershocks were also felt in Jayena, Alcaucin,
612:
funds in the affected villages in
January, February and March. The civil and military heads of Granada delayed sending relief until ordered by the central government, and no aid arrived in
1413:
Arango, José R.; Blazquez, Rafael; Chacon, José; López Casado, Carlos (July 1995), "Soil liquefaction potential induced by the andalusian earthquake of 25 December 1884",
707:
the provinces of Granada and Malaga, followed by twenty-one pages on geology that described rock formations and the location and direction of the main fault line.
670:(1850–1916). They used similar construction techniques and were between 40 and 150 square metres (430 and 1,610 sq ft) in area. Other architects such as
693:
560:
329:
593:
355:
The earthquake caused damage in a zone 200 by 80 kilometres (124 by 50 mi) in the provinces of Granada and Malaga. It was felt as far away as
546:
352:
recorded disturbances at 9:09, 9:14, 9:15 and 9:29 respectively. Two observatories near Rome detected slight tremors at or just after 10:00 p.m.
128:
649:) to raise funds for reconstruction. People around the world sent donations to help recovery that totaled 10 million pesetas, and in 1885 the
620:(1857–1885) visited 25 villages in the region between 10 and 20 January 1885, riding on horseback in severe weather. He died later that year.
254:
at depths from 40 to 150 kilometres (25 to 93 mi). Some rare events have been detected at depths of around 630 kilometres (390 mi).
1560:
1525:
1397:
59:
1702:
304:
in 1828–29 and 1864. A few very weak tremors were felt a day or two before the 25 December 1884 earthquake. Minor shocks were noted at
792:
Another source says 745 died and 1475 were wounded. All figures must be treated with caution due to poor data collection at the time.
511:
damage to houses built on soft sedimentary rocks and greatest damage to those built on alluvial soil. A horseshoe-shaped landslide in
167:
1638:
UdĂas, AgustĂn (2013), "Development Of Seismology In Spain In The Context Of The Three Large Earthquakes Of 1755, 1884 And 1954",
671:
436:
The shaking was generally thought to have lasted for 15 to 20 seconds, with a noise "like cannon shots" in Arenas del Rey and
459:
401:
370:
37:
1816:
1811:
575:
768:
719:
1747:
UdĂas, A.; Buforn, E.; Mattesini, M. (2022). "Contemporary Publications in Europe on the Spanish Earthquake of 1884".
753:
715:
274:
270:
266:
80:
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permeable rocks above. The commission noted that atmospheric pressure had dropped markedly before the earthquake.
498:
at seven separate sites. Dynamic penetration tests have proved that liquefaction occurred at five of these sites.
1801:
801:
Fouqué later wrote a popular textbook on earthquakes that included short accounts of the Ilopango earthquake and
667:
1721:
530:
682:
213:
103:
337:
245:
by world standards, but is a dangerous seismic zone under the Spanish building code. Most earthquakes are of
802:
675:
1806:
725:
607:
297:
246:
773:
289:
212:) occurred on 25 December 1884 at 9:08 p.m in the south of Spain, and had an estimated magnitude of 6.7
278:
1756:
1683:
1647:
1585:
1495:
1422:
737:
617:
449:
453:
305:
282:
258:
678:
cast doubts on whether the Belmás designs would be adequate for the harsh climate of the region.
292:
occurred on 24 April and 27 June 1431 and on 27 October 1806 with epicenters in Santa Elvira near
1780:
1663:
1601:
1531:
1438:
741:
487:
233:
in the south and southeast of Spain experiences seismic activity caused by the collision of the
1620:
1516:
1772:
1609:
1556:
1550:
1521:
1465:
1393:
745:
613:
552:
495:
441:
1483:
1387:
654:
519:
There were over 1,200 deaths and 1,500 serious injuries. The quake occurred around 9 p.m. on
1764:
1691:
1655:
1593:
1511:
1503:
1430:
638:
471:
430:
429:. This is between Arenas del Rey and Ventas de Zafarraya. It is on the northern side of the
301:
242:
205:
1449:
Burgos Núñez, Antonio; Olmo GarcĂa, Juan Carlos; Sáenz PĂ©rez, MarĂa Paz (25 October 2018),
1278:
1276:
752:
estimated that 828 died and 1,164 were wounded in Granada alone. The pioneering geologist
312:
during the night of 24–25 December, and later on 25 December small movements were felt in
42:
702:
results. They located the focus as 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) deep under the villages of
1760:
1687:
1659:
1651:
1589:
1499:
1426:
332:
stopped at 9:08 p.m. GMT, or 9:18 p.m. Paris time on 25 December 1884. Magnetographs at
1674:
Udias, A.; Muñoz, D. (20 March 1979), "The Andalusian earthquake of 25 December 1884",
1576:"Preliminary Report of the Commission Appointed to Report on the Spanish Earthquakes",
810:
730:
567:
512:
238:
17:
1584:(143), American Association for the Advancement of Science: 393–394, 30 October 1885,
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234:
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1776:
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143:
130:
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364:
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309:
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1613:
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483:
313:
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vibrations were near the end of the shock, giving people time to escape.
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360:
1667:
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1605:
1434:
703:
317:
293:
1709:(in Spanish), ConsejerĂa de Turismo y Deporte de la Junta de Andalucia
1507:
806:
581:
475:
437:
356:
333:
597:
Visit of King Alfonso XII to victims affected by the 1884 earthquake
1214:
1202:
724:
692:
625:
592:
458:
341:
1039:
277:. Historical records show that destructive earthquakes in the
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1119:
1091:
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1021:
1019:
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earthquake of 1883, the Granadan earthquake of 1884 and the
835:
833:
831:
829:
1110:
653:
was established to distribute the funds to those in need.
1389:
GeofĂsica, economĂa y sociedad en la España contemporánea
953:
951:
1175:
1305:
1303:
1263:
1261:
1259:
970:
968:
966:
697:
Seismic intensity map by Taramelli and Mercalli (1886)
1722:"Terremoto de Alhama de Granada de 1884 y su impacto"
241:. Within this region, Granada is a zone of moderate
188:
180:
159:
122:
114:
98:
90:
79:
1451:"Las Viviendas Del Terremoto De AndalucĂa De 1884"
66:
1646:(2), History of Earth Sciences Society: 186–203,
1215:Burgos Núñez, Olmo GarcĂa & Sáenz PĂ©rez 2018
1203:Burgos Núñez, Olmo GarcĂa & Sáenz PĂ©rez 2018
440:, or like loud thunder in Ventas de Zafarraya,
1369:
1238:
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1190:
1163:
1151:
1127:
1095:
1066:
1051:
1027:
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998:
930:
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8:
1295:Preliminary Report of the Commission... 1885
1283:Preliminary Report of the Commission... 1885
30:
1392:(in Spanish), Editorial CSIC - CSIC Press,
839:
330:Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada
36:
29:
1515:
214:
104:
1345:
1321:
1078:
957:
942:
913:
825:
785:
681:Belmás was replaced in January 1886 by
526:
296:. There were destructive shocks in the
1494:(1849), Read Books Limited: 532–533,
1357:
1333:
1309:
1267:
1250:
1139:
986:
974:
7:
285:region occur every 200 years or so.
1660:10.17704/eshi.32.2.f1168212m214l532
1464:(1.252), Universitat de Barcelona,
300:in 1804, 1860 and 1863, and in the
265:in the region in 1431, 1504, 1518,
718:sent another commission headed by
433:, nearest to Ventas de Zafarraya.
25:
1720:Vidal Sánchez, Francisco (2011),
1621:"Terremoto de Granada, Año 1884"
574:
559:
545:
529:
269:, 1531, 1645, 1674, 1680, 1748,
65:
58:
1598:10.1126/science.ns-6.143S.393-a
1484:"A Study Of Recent Earthquakes"
736:The Italian Government and the
288:Destructive earthquakes in the
160:
1749:Seismological Research Letters
1703:"Ventas de Zafarraya Historia"
1555:, Cambridge University Press,
1111:Terremoto de Granada, Año 1884
210:Terremoto de AndalucĂa de 1884
118:12,300 metres (40,400 ft)
1:
1517:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t2c82665v
1386:Anduaga Egaña, Aitor (2009),
1696:10.1016/0040-1951(79)90074-X
1176:Ventas de Zafarraya Historia
769:List of earthquakes in Spain
657:received 31,870 pesetas and
689:Investigations and theories
616:until 4 January 1885. King
1833:
1552:The Founders of Seismology
716:French Academy of Sciences
672:Francisco Jareño y Alarcón
641:published a book of poems
202:1884 Andalusian earthquake
31:1884 Andalusian earthquake
1549:Davison, Charles (1927),
1482:Davison, Charles (1905),
683:JosĂ© MarĂn-Baldo y Cachia
463:Damage in Periana, Málaga
257:The slippage rate in the
53:
35:
754:José Macpherson y Hemas
740:sent the seismologists
18:1884 Granada earthquake
1640:Earth Sciences History
840:Udias & Muñoz 1979
750:El Defensor de Granada
733:
720:Ferdinand André Fouqué
698:
668:Mariano Belmás Estrada
608:El Defensor de Granada
598:
486:, and further away in
464:
209:
774:2011 Lorca earthquake
729:Giuseppe Mercalli on
728:
696:
676:Juan Monserrat Vergés
596:
462:
290:Depression of Granada
1817:Earthquakes in Spain
1812:December 1884 events
813:earthquake of 1887.
803:Japanese earthquakes
738:Accademia dei Lincei
618:Alfonso XII of Spain
540:after the earthquake
450:Canillas de Aceituno
1761:2022SeiRL..93.3489U
1688:1979Tectp..53..291U
1652:2013ESHis..32..186U
1590:1885Sci.....6R.393.
1500:1905Natur..71..532.
1427:1995NatHa..12....1A
1336:, pp. 195–196.
413: /
382: /
298:Province of AlmerĂa
259:Ventas de Zafarraya
140: /
46:Terremoto en Málaga
32:
27:Earthquake in Spain
1769:10.1785/0220220176
1435:10.1007/BF00605278
1370:Anduaga Egaña 2009
1239:Vidal Sánchez 2011
1227:Vidal Sánchez 2011
1191:Vidal Sánchez 2011
1164:Vidal Sánchez 2011
1152:Vidal Sánchez 2011
1142:, p. 191–192.
1128:Vidal Sánchez 2011
1096:Vidal Sánchez 2011
1067:Vidal Sánchez 2011
1052:Vidal Sánchez 2011
1040:Arango et al. 1995
1028:Vidal Sánchez 2011
1011:Vidal Sánchez 2011
999:Vidal Sánchez 2011
931:Vidal Sánchez 2011
902:Vidal Sánchez 2011
879:Vidal Sánchez 2011
867:Vidal Sánchez 2011
852:Vidal Sánchez 2011
742:Torquato Taramelli
734:
699:
599:
465:
1728:(in Spanish) (19)
1562:978-1-107-69149-0
1527:978-1-4733-8266-4
1399:978-84-00-08906-1
881:, pp. 11–12.
746:Giuseppe Mercalli
744:(1845–1922) and
553:Alhama de Granada
496:soil liquefaction
442:Alhama de Granada
328:The clock at the
198:
197:
16:(Redirected from
1824:
1802:1884 earthquakes
1788:
1755:(6): 3489–3497.
1735:
1734:
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1726:Anuari Verdaguer
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1741:Further reading
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1415:Natural Hazards
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651:ComisarĂa Regia
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91:Local time
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43:Enrique Simonet
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1676:Tectonophysics
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1360:, p. 196.
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1338:
1326:
1324:, p. 158.
1314:
1312:, p. 195.
1299:
1297:, p. 394.
1287:
1285:, p. 393.
1272:
1270:, p. 193.
1255:
1253:, p. 192.
1243:
1231:
1219:
1207:
1195:
1180:
1168:
1156:
1144:
1132:
1115:
1100:
1083:
1071:
1056:
1044:
1032:
1015:
1003:
991:
989:, p. 194.
979:
977:, p. 191.
962:
947:
935:
918:
906:
883:
871:
856:
844:
842:, p. 291.
824:
822:
819:
816:
815:
811:French Riviera
794:
784:
783:
781:
778:
777:
776:
771:
764:
761:
731:Mount Vesuvius
690:
687:
633:
632:Reconstruction
630:
605:The newspaper
590:
587:
586:
585:
580:
573:
571:
568:Arenas del Rey
565:
558:
556:
551:
544:
542:
535:
528:
503:
500:
417:36.96°N 4.16°W
386:36.96°N 3.98°W
325:
322:
239:Eurasian Plate
226:
223:
216:
196:
195:
194:3,000+ Injured
190:
186:
185:
182:
178:
177:
164:
157:
156:
144:36.96°N 4.07°W
124:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
106:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
84:
77:
76:
64:
63:
57:
56:
55:
54:
51:
50:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1829:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1807:1884 in Spain
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1708:
1707:Andalucia.org
1704:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1564:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1547:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1401:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1372:, p. 39.
1371:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1244:
1241:, p. 36.
1240:
1235:
1232:
1229:, p. 37.
1228:
1223:
1220:
1217:, p. 10.
1216:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1196:
1193:, p. 35.
1192:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1169:
1166:, p. 32.
1165:
1160:
1157:
1154:, p. 34.
1153:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1133:
1130:, p. 31.
1129:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1098:, p. 30.
1097:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1072:
1069:, p. 40.
1068:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1054:, p. 23.
1053:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1033:
1030:, p. 21.
1029:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1013:, p. 16.
1012:
1007:
1004:
1001:, p. 18.
1000:
995:
992:
988:
983:
980:
976:
971:
969:
967:
963:
959:
954:
952:
948:
944:
939:
936:
933:, p. 15.
932:
927:
925:
923:
919:
915:
910:
907:
904:, p. 13.
903:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
884:
880:
875:
872:
869:, p. 17.
868:
863:
861:
857:
854:, p. 11.
853:
848:
845:
841:
836:
834:
832:
830:
826:
820:
812:
808:
805:of 1854, the
804:
798:
795:
789:
786:
779:
775:
772:
770:
767:
766:
762:
760:
757:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
732:
727:
723:
721:
717:
712:
708:
705:
695:
688:
686:
684:
679:
677:
673:
669:
663:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
631:
629:
627:
621:
619:
615:
610:
609:
603:
595:
588:
583:
577:
572:
569:
562:
557:
554:
548:
543:
539:
532:
527:
525:
522:
517:
514:
508:
501:
499:
497:
491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
461:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
434:
432:
426:
395:
366:
362:
358:
353:
351:
350:Wilhelmshaven
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
323:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
255:
253:
248:
244:
240:
236:
235:African Plate
232:
231:BĂ©tica region
224:
222:
220:
211:
207:
203:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
172:
165:
158:
153:
125:
121:
117:
113:
110:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
82:
78:
61:
52:
47:
44:
39:
34:
19:
1752:
1748:
1730:, retrieved
1725:
1711:, retrieved
1706:
1679:
1675:
1643:
1639:
1629:, retrieved
1627:(in Spanish)
1624:
1581:
1577:
1566:, retrieved
1551:
1539:, retrieved
1491:
1487:
1473:, retrieved
1461:
1457:
1418:
1414:
1403:, retrieved
1388:
1365:
1353:
1346:Davison 1905
1341:
1329:
1322:Davison 1927
1317:
1290:
1246:
1234:
1222:
1210:
1205:, p. 8.
1198:
1171:
1159:
1147:
1135:
1079:Davison 1905
1074:
1047:
1042:, p. 1.
1035:
1006:
994:
982:
958:Davison 1905
943:Davison 1905
938:
914:Davison 1905
909:
874:
847:
797:
788:
758:
749:
735:
713:
709:
700:
680:
664:
650:
646:
642:
635:
622:
606:
604:
600:
518:
509:
505:
492:
488:Vélez-Málaga
466:
435:
422:36.96; -4.16
391:36.96; -3.98
367:was between
354:
327:
287:
256:
228:
201:
199:
170:
149:36.96; -4.07
45:
1625:Conchar.com
1421:(1): 1–17,
468:Aftershocks
420: /
389: /
252:hypocenters
192:1,200 dead
181:Aftershocks
147: /
1796:Categories
1732:2019-08-20
1713:2019-08-19
1631:2019-08-19
1475:2019-08-24
1358:UdĂas 2013
1334:UdĂas 2013
1310:UdĂas 2013
1268:UdĂas 2013
1251:UdĂas 2013
1140:UdĂas 2013
987:UdĂas 2013
975:UdĂas 2013
566:Church in
536:Church of
338:Saint-Maur
336:, Parc de
324:Earthquake
263:epicenters
225:Background
189:Casualties
83: time
1785:251850592
1777:0895-0695
1568:21 August
1541:21 August
1470:1138-9796
1443:128943821
1405:21 August
821:Citations
589:Aftermath
538:Zafarraya
521:Christmas
365:epicenter
346:Greenwich
310:Zafarraya
247:magnitude
163:intensity
123:Epicenter
99:Magnitude
1668:24140011
1614:17820268
1458:Biblio3W
763:See also
513:Güevéjar
454:Colmenar
446:AlcaucĂn
361:Valencia
306:Colmenar
237:and the
169:MMI IX (
102:6.7±0.2
1757:Bibcode
1684:Bibcode
1648:Bibcode
1606:1761923
1586:Bibcode
1578:Science
1536:4048841
1496:Bibcode
1423:Bibcode
1379:Sources
1348:, PT63.
1081:, PT64.
960:, PT66.
945:, PT67.
916:, PT62.
704:Periana
655:CĂłnchar
647:Charity
643:Caritat
405:36°58′N
374:36°58′N
318:Periana
294:Granada
283:Granada
206:Spanish
184:1 year
171:Violent
132:36°58′N
1783:
1775:
1666:
1612:
1604:
1559:
1534:
1524:
1488:Nature
1468:
1441:
1396:
807:Ischia
659:DĂşrcal
614:Alhama
582:Jayena
502:Damage
484:DĂşrcal
476:Motril
438:Jayena
408:4°10′W
377:3°59′W
357:Madrid
334:Lisbon
314:Málaga
279:Málaga
135:4°04′W
48:(1885)
1781:S2CID
1664:JSTOR
1602:JSTOR
1532:S2CID
1462:XXIII
1454:(PDF)
1439:S2CID
780:Notes
626:Padul
480:CacĂn
342:Paris
340:near
115:Depth
94:21:08
1773:ISSN
1610:PMID
1570:2019
1557:ISBN
1543:2019
1522:ISBN
1466:ISSN
1407:2019
1394:ISBN
714:The
674:and
452:and
398:and
359:and
348:and
316:and
308:and
275:1829
273:and
271:1804
267:1522
229:The
200:The
161:Max.
1765:doi
1692:doi
1656:doi
1594:doi
1512:hdl
1504:doi
1431:doi
81:UTC
1798::
1779:.
1771:.
1763:.
1753:93
1751:.
1724:,
1705:,
1690:,
1680:53
1678:,
1662:,
1654:,
1644:32
1642:,
1623:,
1608:,
1600:,
1592:,
1580:,
1530:,
1520:,
1510:,
1502:,
1492:71
1490:,
1486:,
1460:,
1456:,
1437:,
1429:,
1419:12
1417:,
1302:^
1275:^
1258:^
1183:^
1118:^
1103:^
1086:^
1059:^
1018:^
965:^
950:^
921:^
886:^
859:^
828:^
482:,
478:,
474:,
448:,
444:,
344:,
320:.
208::
1787:.
1767::
1759::
1694::
1686::
1658::
1650::
1596::
1588::
1582:6
1514::
1506::
1498::
1433::
1425::
1178:.
1113:.
645:(
281:/
217:w
215:M
204:(
173:)
107:w
105:M
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
