31:
383:, the death toll was 3,500. Heavy damage and great losses occurred due to the poor quality of homes. Poorly-constructed huts collapsed completely onto sleeping residents. An estimated 75,000 huts were destroyed. Livestock losses were also heavy; 25,000 sheep and goats, as well as 8,000 cattle, died. Many residents at a village were killed when a landslide measuring 800 meters was triggered. Liquefaction events including
38:
414:
were destroyed. An estimated 67.33% of
Baramulla's population was killed. Some 300 to 500 well-constructed wood and brick homes collapsed. Great devastation occurred in Barmulla where many people and cattle were fatally crushed. Vegetation on the nearby hillsides was wiped out by landslides. Many
310:
Southeast of the
Kashmir Valley are two very large thrust faults; the Main Boundary Thrust and Panjal Thrust. To the northeast of the valley, lies the Main Mantle Thrust. The closest faults to the valley are two out-of-sequence reverse faults known as the Kolbug and Balapur faults. The 40 km
274:
The high convergence rate means many of the plate boundary faults are accommodating strain while locked, frequently releasing them in moderate-sized earthquakes, and sometimes in very large events. The occurrence of large earthquakes makes the
Kashmir region vulnerable to deadly earthquakes. The
263:
where the Indian Plate is colliding with the
Eurasian Plate. The slightly oblique convergence occur at a rate of 17 ± 2 mm/yr along the Main Himalayan Thrust while the nearby
322:
measuring 54 km (34 mi), with a maximum ground offset of 0.6 km (0.37 mi). The seismogenic structure responsible is named the
Baramula-Loridor Fault.
926:
694:
1129:
609:"Macroseismic intensity assessment of 1885 Baramulla Earthquake of northwestern Kashmir Himalaya, using the Environmental Seismic Intensity scale (ESI 2007)"
275:
region has hosted many large and destructive earthquakes since the beginning of records in 2082–2041 BCE. The most destructive is thought have occurred in
30:
1319:
223:
155:
303:, and west of the 1555 earthquake. The 2005 and 1555 earthquakes are the most catastrophic events in the region with magnitudes estimated at 7.6 M
96:
919:
355:
1076:
687:
1349:
1122:
1071:
1268:
780:
339:
415:
homes were buried. Large scarps formed on the slopes. One such landslide buried
Laridura; only seven of the 47 residents survived.
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1451:
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1115:
1138:
1056:
985:
424:
1466:
1374:
1339:
1086:
1021:
975:
820:
502:"Understanding and managing earthquake hazard visa viz disaster mitigation strategies in Kashmir valley, NW Himalaya"
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248:
893:
1410:
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1288:
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70:
311:(25 mi) long Balapur Fault dips northeast at a steep angle of 60°. The parallel Kolbug Fault produced a M
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300:
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239:
1441:
1354:
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1005:
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970:
815:
810:
755:
730:
264:
215:
1436:
1394:
1384:
1379:
1283:
1273:
1258:
1243:
1233:
1192:
1000:
878:
835:
830:
785:
775:
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750:
380:
375:
260:
608:
624:
573:
517:
467:
362:
occurred the night before and was felt by several residents. The mainshock was followed by damaging
883:
873:
868:
456:"Oblique convergence and slip partitioning in the NW Himalaya: Implications from GPS measurements"
589:
535:
454:
Bhaskar Kundu; Rajeev Kumar Yadav; Bikram Singh Bali; Sonalika
Chowdhury; V. K. Gahalaut (2014).
292:
244:
632:
581:
525:
475:
331:
299:, part of the Himalaya convergent boundary. It is located east of the rupture areas of the
845:
400:
319:
131:
628:
577:
521:
471:
863:
335:
280:
256:
1430:
593:
561:
539:
858:
392:
296:
252:
636:
530:
501:
268:
706:
585:
363:
111:
98:
407:
384:
359:
500:
Maqbool Yousuf; Syed Kaiser
Bukhari; Ghulam Rasool Bhat; Aamir Ali (2020).
366:
that continued till August 1885. On June 15, a strong aftershock was felt.
904:
703:
620:
513:
480:
455:
370:
211:
141:
672:
562:"Revisiting Two Damaging Indian Earthquakes of 1885: Kashmir and Bengal"
373:
with a population of 51,000, the city lost 2,000 residents. In the book
1107:
388:
411:
396:
1111:
908:
676:
230:). At least 3,081 people died and severe damage resulted.
657:. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
1403:
1307:
1201:
1145:
1014:
963:
942:
844:
713:
192:
184:
176:
168:
147:
137:
127:
90:
82:
66:
58:
50:
247:and India is situated at the corner of an active
338:was rocked by a strong earthquake with varying
37:
607:Bashir Ahmad; Hamid Sana; Akhtar Alam (2014).
1123:
920:
688:
8:
19:
560:Sujit Dasgupta; Basab Mukhopadhyay (2019).
1130:
1116:
1108:
927:
913:
905:
695:
681:
673:
566:Journal of the Geological Society of India
555:
553:
551:
549:
18:
529:
479:
71:
495:
493:
491:
369:A total of 3,081 people were killed. In
446:
279:, and was the last major event in the
356:Environmental Seismic Intensity scale
291:The earthquake was associated with a
7:
651:"Significant Earthquake Information"
259:. The boundary is defined along the
14:
188:Many, continued into August 1885
358:indicate a degree of X. A minor
350:). An assessment of the maximum
315: 5.5 earthquake in 1963.
36:
29:
430:List of earthquakes in Pakistan
399:. Water flow also increased in
224:Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale
148:
435:List of historical earthquakes
271:movement at 5 ± 2 mm/yr.
1:
391:occurred on the banks of the
894:North Himalayan Normal Fault
637:10.1016/j.quaint.2013.12.043
531:10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100064
506:Progress in Disaster Science
425:List of earthquakes in India
222: 6.3–6.8 and maximum
267:accommodates right-lateral
1485:
318:The mainshock generated a
249:destructive plate boundary
237:
1411:Earthquake zones of India
586:10.1007/s12594-019-1172-2
24:
1077:December 2015 Hindu Kush
889:South Tibetan Detachment
854:Geology of the Himalayas
714:Notable Himalayan quakes
613:Quaternary International
86:12 km (7.5 mi)
16:Earthquake in South Asia
1462:Geology of the Himalaya
1457:Earthquakes in Pakistan
1447:1885 disasters in India
1416:Geology of the Himalaya
1350:October 2015 Hindu Kush
1072:October 2015 Hindu Kush
936:Earthquakes in Pakistan
334:on Sunday, May 30, the
240:Geology of the Himalaya
204:1885 Kashmir earthquake
20:1885 Kashmir earthquake
265:Karakoram fault system
214:. It had an estimated
210:occurred on 30 May in
879:Main Himalayan Thrust
381:Walter Roper Lawrence
376:The Valley of Kashmir
326:Damage and casualties
261:Main Himalayan Thrust
1452:Earthquakes in India
1330:2009 Andaman Islands
1229:1941 Andaman Islands
1183:1881 Nicobar Islands
1173:1833 Kathmandu–Bihar
1139:Earthquakes in India
741:1833 Kathmandu–Bihar
481:10.1002/2014TC003633
208:Baramulla earthquake
206:, also known as the
884:Main Central Thrust
874:Main Frontal Thrust
629:2014QuInt.321...59A
578:2019JGSI...93..263D
522:2020PrDS....500064Y
472:2014Tecto..33.2013K
342:intensities of VI (
251:that separates the
226:intensity of VIII (
108: /
21:
1467:History of Kashmir
1269:1988 Myanmar–India
1168:1819 Rann of Kutch
781:1988 Myanmar-India
1424:
1423:
1320:2004 Indian Ocean
1105:
1104:
1082:2019 Azad Kashmir
986:1981 Darel Valley
902:
901:
466:(10): 2013–2024.
352:seismic intensity
340:Modified Mercalli
245:Northern Pakistan
200:
199:
1474:
1375:2017 Uttarakhand
1340:April 2015 Nepal
1259:1980 Pithoragarh
1239:1950 Assam–Tibet
1219:1934 Nepal–India
1132:
1125:
1118:
1109:
1092:2022 Durand Line
1087:2021 Balochistan
1057:2013 Balochistan
976:1945 Balochistan
943:Pre-20th century
929:
922:
915:
906:
821:April 2015 Nepal
771:1950 Assam–Tibet
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234:Tectonic setting
216:moment magnitude
196:3,081–3,500 dead
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1399:
1390:2023 Badakhshan
1303:
1294:1997 Chittagong
1279:1991 Uttarkashi
1249:1967 Koynanagar
1197:
1153:1505 Lo Mustang
1141:
1136:
1106:
1101:
1032:2005 Hindu Kush
1022:2002 Hindu Kush
1010:
996:1991 Hindu Kush
991:1983 Hindu Kush
959:
938:
933:
903:
898:
846:Plate tectonics
840:
791:1991 Uttarkashi
721:1505 Lo Mustang
709:
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547:
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401:natural springs
328:
320:surface rupture
314:
306:
301:2005 earthquake
289:
242:
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156:
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116:
114:
112:34.12°N 74.61°E
110:
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59:Local time
51:Local date
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1404:Related topics
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572:(3): 263–268.
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336:Kashmir Valley
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257:Eurasian Plate
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1289:1997 Jabalpur
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1062:2014 Pakistan
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655:ngdc.noaa.gov
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406:The towns of
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357:
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295:on a shallow
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157:MSK-64 VIII (
153:
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136:
133:
130:
126:
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93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
32:
23:
1437:1885 in Asia
1370:2017 Tripura
1360:2016 Sagaing
1325:2005 Kashmir
1315:2001 Gujarat
1308:21st century
1299:1999 Chamoli
1254:1975 Kinnaur
1202:20th century
1188:1885 Kashmir
1187:
1163:1803 Garhwal
1158:1555 Kashmir
1052:2013 Laghman
1047:2013 Saravan
1027:2005 Kashmir
1015:21st century
964:20th century
955:1885 Kashmir
954:
950:1555 Kashmir
869:Oldham Fault
859:Indian Plate
806:2008 Damxung
801:2005 Kashmir
796:1999 Chamoli
746:1885 Kashmir
745:
736:1803 Garhwal
726:1555 Kashmir
659:. Retrieved
654:
645:
616:
612:
602:
569:
565:
509:
505:
463:
459:
449:
405:
393:Jhelum River
374:
368:
347:
343:
329:
317:
309:
297:thrust fault
290:
273:
253:Indian Plate
243:
227:
207:
203:
201:
158:
117:34.12; 74.61
1365:2016 Magway
1355:2016 Imphal
1335:2011 Sikkim
1264:1984 Cachar
1224:1935 Quetta
1214:1930 Dhubri
1209:1905 Kangra
1178:1869 Cachar
1037:2008 Ziarat
1006:1997 Harnai
981:1974 Pattan
971:1935 Quetta
816:2011 Sikkim
811:2009 Bhutan
756:1905 Kangra
731:1714 Bhutan
707:earthquakes
661:14 November
364:aftershocks
346:) to VIII (
269:strike-slip
185:Aftershocks
115: /
54:30 May 1885
1431:Categories
1395:2023 Nepal
1385:2022 Nepal
1380:2021 Assam
1284:1993 Latur
1274:1988 Nepal
1244:1956 Anjar
1234:1947 Assam
1193:1897 Assam
1146:Historical
1097:March 2023
1001:1992 Kohat
836:2023 Nepal
831:2021 Assam
786:1988 Nepal
776:1980 Nepal
766:1947 Assam
761:1934 Bihar
751:1897 Assam
516:: 100064.
512:(100064).
441:References
385:sand boils
332:local time
287:Earthquake
238:See also:
193:Casualties
177:Foreshocks
169:Landslides
704:Himalayan
623:: 59–64.
594:135421388
540:213250120
460:Tectonics
408:Baramulla
360:foreshock
330:At 02:24
307: .
255:from the
151:intensity
91:Epicenter
67:Magnitude
621:Elsevier
514:Elsevier
419:See also
389:fissures
371:Srinagar
228:Damaging
212:Srinagar
159:Damaging
142:Pakistan
625:Bibcode
574:Bibcode
518:Bibcode
468:Bibcode
354:on the
293:rupture
103:74°37′E
100:34°07′N
78:6.3–6.8
592:
538:
412:Sopore
397:Pattan
348:Severe
344:Strong
132:Thrust
590:S2CID
536:S2CID
83:Depth
62:02:24
663:2021
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