733:
872:
995:
683:, the cause of the uprising was an assault on the wife of a Hazara chieftain by Afghan soldiers. The families of both the man and his wife killed the soldiers involved and attacked the local garrison. Several other tribal chiefs who supported Abdur Rahman now turned against him and joined the rebellion, which rapidly spread through the entire Hazarajat. In response to the rebellion, the Emir declared a "
663:, opposition within the leadership of Sawar Khan and Syed Jafar Khan continued against the government troops, but at last, were defeated. Taxes were imposed and Afghan administrators were sent to occupied places, where they subjugated the people with abuses. People were disarmed, villages were looted, local tribal chiefs were imprisoned or executed, and the better lands were confiscated and given to
988:
1003:
777:. Small pockets of resistance continued to the end of the year as government troops committed atrocities against civilians and deported entire villages. The governor of Balochistan reported to the foreign department of India that he believed Abdur Rahman was intending to exterminate the Hazaras. Massive forced displacements, especially in Oruzgan and
1601:
Diaries.D.No 62, No. 177 F.C., dated Sibi, 6 February 1893. From-Major-General Sir James Browne, K.C.S.I., C.B., R.E., Agent to the governor-general in
Baluchistan, To-The Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department. News-letter No.4, By Khan Bahadur Mirza Muhammad Takki Khan, 27 January
1571:
News. D.No.85 F. No.300 F.C., dated Sibi, 25 February 1893. From-Major-General Sir James Browne, K.C.S.I.,C.B.,R.E., Agent to the governor-general in
Baluchistan, To-The Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department. News-letter No.6., By Khan Bahadur Mirza Muhammad Takki Khan, 10 February
814:
claims: "It is difficult to verify such an estimate, but the memory of the conquest of the Hazārajāt by ʿAbd-al-Raḥmān Khan certainly remains vivid among the Hazāras themselves, and has heavily influenced their relations with the Afghan state throughout the 20th century." In 1894 802 Hazara leaders
801:
It is estimated that more than sixty percent of the Hazara population were massacred and some displaced and exiled during Abdur Rahman's campaign against them. Hazara farmers were often forced to give up their property to
Pashtuns and as a result, many Hazara families had to leave seasonally to the
1591:
News. D.No.390 F. No.921. F.C., dated Ziarat, 11 September 1893. From-Major-General Sir James Browne, K.C.S.I.,C.B.,R.E.,Agent to the governor-general in
Baluchistan, To-The Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department. News-letter. No.34, By Khan Bahadur Mirza Muhammad Takki Khan, 26
1536:
News.D.No.29 F. No.26 F.C.,dated Camp
Jacobabad, 14 January 1893. From-Major-General Sir James Browne, C.B.,K.C.S.I., R.E.,Agent to the governor-general in Baluchistan, To-The Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department. News-letter No.1, By Khan Bahadur Mirza Muhammad Taki Khan, 6
1513:
News.D.No.128 F. No.1537, dated Quetta, 24 March 1893. From-Major-General Sir James Browne, K.C.S.I.,C.B.,R.E.,Agent to the governor-general in
Balochistan, To-The Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department. News-letter No.11, By Khan Bahadur Mirza Muhammad Takki Khan, 17 March
1581:
News.D.No. 242. F. No.2909,dated Quetta, 5 June 1893. From-Major-General Sir James Browne, K.C.S.I.,C.B.,R.E.,Agent to the governor-general in
Baluchistan, To-The Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department. News-letter No.21, By Khan Bahadur, Mirza Muhammad Takki Khan, 27 May
1611:
News.D.No.243 F. No.2903, dated Quetta, 5 June 1893. From-Major-General Sir James Browne, K.C.S.I.,C.B.,R.E.,Agent to the governor-general in
Baluchistan, To-The Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department. News-letter No.20, By Khan Bahadur Mirza Muhammad Taki Khan, 19 May
769:; yet eventually sent them back to Uruzgan; after the revolt was crushed they were then sent back to Kabul again. After months of fighting, the uprising Hazaras were eventually defeated due to a shortage of food; in response to such food shortages Abdur Rahman ordered grain be sent from
1526:
News.D.No.186 F. No.2257, Quetta, 28 April 1893, From-Major-General Sir James Browne, K.C.S.I.,C.B.,R.E.,Agent to the governor-general in
Baluchistan, To-The Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department. News-letter No.16, By Khan Bahadur Mirza Muhammad Takki Khan, 21 April
797:
during the persecution. 30 mule loads; or roughly over 400 decapitated Hazara heads were allegedly sent to Kabul. The Sultan Ahmad Hazara tribe of
Uruzgan was in particular severely persecuted. The Beshud Hazara tribe too faced the brunt of Amir's crackdown in particular as well.
740:
The third uprising of Hazara was in response to excessive taxation, starting in early 1893. This revolt took the government forces by surprise and the Hazara managed to take most of Hazarajat back. During the revolt the Hazaras arrested or killed the governor of
603:
The Hazaras are a Shia Muslim minority in predominantly Sunni Muslim countries. This religious difference has contributed to their historic marginalization and made them targets of sectarian violence. Over 60 percent of the total Hazara population was
1503:
News.D.No.48 F. No.124 F.C.,dated Sibi, 27 January 1893. From-Major-General Sir James Browne, K.C.S.I.,C.B.,R.E.,Agent to the governor-general in Baluchistan, To-The Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department. News-Letter No
164:
842:
The Hazara diaspora mourns the deaths of the victims of the Hazara uprisings of the 1890s on September 25 (called the "Hazara Black Day") and it wants the International community to recognize the subjugation of the Hazaras as a
714:"thousands of Hazara men, and women were sold in the cities of Kabul and Qandahar, while numerous towers of human heads were made from the defeated rebels as a warning to others who might challenge the rule of the Amir".
749:
tried to plead to the Hazaras that the Amir would listen to their demands. The provincial forces responded to the revolt with military force; in this response the Hakim of Gizu reported to the governor general of
157:
150:
624:) and other adjoining areas. The Hazara land was distributed among loyalist villagers of nearby non-Hazaras. The repression after the uprising has been called the most significant case of
818:
Others claim that Hazaras began leaving their hometown of Hazarajat due to poverty and in search of employment mostly in the 20th century. Most of these Hazaras immigrated to neighboring
648:
joined the revolt. The revolt was short-lived and crushed as the Emir extended his control over large parts of Hazarajat. Leaders of the Sheikh Ali Hazaras had allies in two groups,
781:, continued as lands were confiscated and populations were expelled or fled. Out of 132,000 families, 10,000 to 15,000 Hazara families fled the country to northern Afghanistan,
1168:
644:
The first Hazara uprising against Abdur Rahman took place between 1888 and 1890. When Abdur Rahman's cousin, Mohammad Eshaq, revolted against him, tribal leaders of the
277:
732:
789:(Pakistan), and 7,000 to 10,000 Hazaras submitted to Abdur Rahman, and the rest fought until they were defeated. There is a famous story of 40 Hazara girls in
975:
524:
504:
1370:"The 'Genocide of the Hazaras' in Afghanistan from 1884 to 1905 and subsequent genocidal campaigns and target killings against them in the 21st century"
1307:"The 'Genocide of the Hazaras' in Afghanistan from 1884 to 1905 and subsequent genocidal campaigns and target killings against them in the 21st century"
322:
806:, Iran, or Pakistan to find jobs and a source of income. Quetta in Pakistan is home to the third largest settlements of Hazara outside Afghanistan.
1031:
534:
1861:
1146:
1050:
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regions under his control. He launched several campaigns in the Hazarajat due to resistance to oppression from the Hazaras, culminating in the
1352:
810:, estimates that more than half of the entire population of Hazarajat was driven out of their villages, including many who were massacred.
297:
1876:
1871:
1645:
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442:
437:
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Abdur Rahman ordered that all weapons of the Hazara be confiscated and for Sunni Mullahs to impose a Sunni interpretation of Islam.
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387:
489:
382:
372:
1836:
707:
656:. Abdur Rahman took advantage of the situation, pitting Sunni Hazara against the Shia Hazara, and made pacts among the Hazara.
605:
761:
After the revolt unfolded; Hazara tribal leaders like Muhammad, Karbala-i-Raza and others were arrested after trying to flee.
519:
1622:
754:
that General Mir Atta Khan at Gizu committed "great excesses" in Gizu. Hazaras also managed to commit great success in the
342:
803:
549:
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402:
1851:
1728:
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970:
347:
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736:
Map of Kabul Province in 1893, showing the boundaries of the different Hazara tribes at the time of the third uprising.
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and raised an army of up to 40,000 soldiers, 10,000 mounted troops, and 100,000 armed civilians (most of whom were the
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307:
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822:, where they were provided permanent settlement by the government of British India. Others settled in and around
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332:
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1646:"THE GENOCIDE OF THE HAZARAS Descendants of Genghis Khan Fight for Survival in Afghanistan and Pakistan"
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30 mule loads is roughly 30 sets of 150 pounds or 2.25 tons; a human head weighs 10.5 pounds on average
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227:
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923:
918:
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1552:
1480:"Refworld | World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Afghanistan : Hazaras"
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The Hazaras and the Afghan State: Rebellion, Exclusion and the Struggle for Recognition
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142:
1122:
The Hazaras and the Afghan State Rebellion, Exclusion and the Struggle for Recognition
1830:
928:
881:
1147:"World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Afghanistan : Hazaras"
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135:
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The Hazaras of Afghanistan: An Historical, Cultural, Economic and Political Study
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758:, where Hazara forces managed to defeat 2 waves of Afghan attacks in Uruzgan
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and he conducted a widespread genocidal campaign against its population.
81:
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of 132,000 Hazara families 50% to 60% of their population was massacred
863:
815:
who survived the rebellion were killed or exiled after being captured.
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The second uprising occurred in the Spring of 1892. According to
27:
Mass killings of Afghan Hazaras after the Second Anglo-Afghan War
831:
621:
146:
1551:. Stockton, California: Mughal Publishing. p. 216.
702:
The large army defeated the rebellion at its center, in
1760:. United States: Encyclopædia Iranica. 15 December 2003
1758:
Arash Khazeni, Alessandro Monsutti, Charles M. Kieffer
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After all of Sheikh Ali Hazaras' chiefs were sent to
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with some being displaced and exiled by migrating to
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1167:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
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8:
1710:"How much does the human head actually way?"
1389:"Hazara Genocide in Afghanistan (1892-1901)"
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1149:. Archived from the original on 6 July 2024
1804:Hazara International (23 September 2021).
1449:
1447:
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1414:
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1187:"The Afghan State and the Hazara Genocide"
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765:kept various Hazara chiefs as hostages in
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31:
1423:Alessandro Monsutti (15 December 2003).
1341:Ibrahimi, Niamatullah (1 October 2017).
1522:
1520:
1096:
1067:
862:
706:, by 1892 and the local population was
1672:
1661:
1374:Genocide of the Hazaras of Afghanistan
1323:
1312:
1160:
1051:Persecution of Hazara people in Quetta
1368:Zamani, Ezzatullah (1 January 2019).
1305:Zamani, Ezzatullah (September 2019).
699:military advisers to train his army.
7:
1727:Bussi, Pierluigi (19 January 2017).
1458:. Richmond, NY: St. Martin's Press.
1246:
1244:
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174:Conflicts in Afghanistan (1793–1973)
987:
1292:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica"
25:
1185:Hakimi, Mehdi J. (25 July 2023).
565:occurred in the aftermath of the
1001:
994:
993:
986:
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91:66,000 to 79,200 Hazara families
1387:Mohammadi, Ishaq (6 May 2022).
107:were killed and some displaced.
1454:Mousavi, Sayed Askar (1998) .
1119:Ibrahimi, Niamatullah (2017).
123:volunteers from various tribes
18:1888–1893 Uprisings of Hazaras
1:
1862:Discrimination in Afghanistan
1216:"THE AMEER CAPTURES URZAGHAN"
793:committing suicide to escape
1629:. April 2013. Archived from
1191:Harvard Human Rights Journal
1056:1998 Mazar-i-Sharif massacre
1729:"IL GENOCIDIO DEGLI HAZARA"
1347:. Oxford University Press.
1125:. Oxford University Press.
804:major cities in Afghanistan
710:with some being displaced.
1898:
1877:Massacres of Hazara people
1872:Wars involving Afghanistan
1806:"Hazara Genocide Memorial"
1733:Kim International Magazine
1280:. کابل: مطبعه دارالسلطنته.
632:in the history of modern
180:
1867:Ethnic cleansing in Asia
1857:Massacres in Afghanistan
1255:. کابل: انتشارات امیری.
1276:کاتب, فیضمحمد (1913).
756:First Battle Of Uruzgan
567:Second Anglo-Afghan War
333:2nd Kandahar, 8th Herat
1837:Persecution of Hazaras
1671:Cite journal requires
1547:Poladi, Hasan (1944).
1322:Cite journal requires
1253:تاریخ باستانی هزارهها
1046:Persecution of Hazaras
737:
722:
695:). He also brought in
303:1st Britain, 2nd Shuja
735:
584:set out to bring the
1810:Hazara International
1780:"Who are the Hazara"
1429:Encyclopædia Iranica
1425:"HAZĀRA ii. HISTORY"
812:Encyclopædia Iranica
343:2nd Afghan Turkestan
298:1st Afghan Turkestan
1852:Religious pluralism
1739:on 31 October 2019.
1658:on 7 November 2019.
1633:on 7 November 2019.
1251:دلجو, عباس (2014).
858:Part of a series on
808:Sayed Askar Mousavi
681:Sayed Askar Mousavi
571:Afghanistan Emirate
1644:Gier, Nicholas F.
1222:. 2 October 1892.
1220:The New York Times
745:; the governor of
738:
646:Sheikh Ali Hazaras
575:Treaty of Gandamak
403:2nd Chahar Wilayat
323:1st Chahar Wilayat
115:Afghan army under
1882:Massacres in Asia
1847:Genocides in Asia
1842:Afghan war crimes
1708:Brain, Marshall.
1354:978-1-84904-981-8
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687:" against the
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1592:August 1893.
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914:Persecutions
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817:
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785:(Iran), and
763:Abdur Rahman
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739:
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665:Kochi people
658:
643:
602:
582:Abdur Rahman
562:
560:
520:2nd Kuhistan
515:1st Kuhistan
358:3rd Kandahar
313:1st Kandahar
228:Kafir Qal'eh
136:Colonization
132:Anti-Shi'ism
117:Abdur Rahman
112:Perpetrators
29:
1815:20 December
1784:Pak Tribune
1764:17 December
1549:The Hazaras
1434:16 December
1395:13 December
991:WikiProject
924:Nationalism
820:Balochistan
795:sex slavery
752:Balochistan
634:Afghanistan
579:Afghan Amir
573:signed the
530:2nd Ghilzai
480:3rd Britain
455:2nd Maimana
428:1st Ghilzai
423:1st Maimana
408:2nd Britain
188:1st Ghilzai
73:Attack type
48:Afghanistan
1831:Categories
1714:Brainstuff
1627:Hazara.net
1489:16 January
1200:19 October
1091:References
594:Kafiristan
590:Hazaristan
545:7th Hazara
540:6th Hazara
465:Kafiristan
460:5th Hazara
443:4th Hazara
438:3rd Hazara
413:14th Herat
398:13th Herat
393:12th Herat
383:11th Herat
363:10th Herat
353:Sheberghan
308:2nd Hazara
263:1st Hazara
119:joined by
1233:21 August
1228:0362-4331
826:, in the
779:Daychopan
708:massacred
606:massacred
586:Turkistan
569:when the
490:3rd Khost
470:2nd Khost
373:1st Khost
348:9th Herat
293:7th Herat
278:Jalalabad
273:1st Shuja
268:6th Herat
258:5th Herat
223:4th Herat
213:3rd Herat
198:1st Herat
193:Chindawol
105:Hazarajat
57:1888–1893
44:Hazarajat
1754:"HAZĀRA"
1484:Refworld
1163:cite web
999:Category
966:Religion
961:Military
946:Politics
909:Diaspora
899:Language
851:See also
845:genocide
717:—
626:genocide
614:Pakistan
510:Shinwari
283:Peshawar
253:Nowshera
82:genocide
40:Location
1789:3 April
1391:. Bolaq
1007:Commons
976:Battles
951:Writers
934:Cuisine
904:Culture
887:list of
864:Hazaras
791:Uruzgan
783:Mashhad
775:Uruzgan
747:Uruzgan
704:Oruzgan
697:British
618:Mashhad
448:Uruzgan
248:Shopian
96:Victims
66:Hazaras
1691:"Mule"
1555:
1462:
1351:
1259:
1226:
1153:6 July
1129:
971:Sports
929:Tribes
838:Legacy
824:Mashad
787:Quetta
669:nomads
616:) and
610:Quetta
592:, and
485:Alizai
378:Kunduz
288:Jamrud
233:Multan
218:Attock
203:Shahda
134:, and
128:Motive
101:Hazara
88:Deaths
62:Target
1656:(PDF)
1649:(PDF)
1612:1893.
1602:1893,
1582:1893.
1572:1893.
1527:1893.
1514:1893.
1062:Notes
956:Poets
771:Herat
767:Kabul
689:Shias
685:jihad
661:Kabul
654:Sunni
338:Aqcha
328:Balkh
318:Tagab
208:Nimla
121:Sunni
1817:2021
1791:2012
1766:2012
1677:help
1553:ISBN
1491:2016
1460:ISBN
1436:2012
1397:2022
1349:ISBN
1328:help
1257:ISBN
1235:2022
1224:ISSN
1202:2023
1169:link
1155:2024
1127:ISBN
919:Flag
832:Iran
743:Gizu
652:and
650:Shia
622:Iran
561:The
54:Date
830:of
773:to
671:).
628:or
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