30:
193:
516:
728:
275:
407:
642:"Hon. T. H. WHITEHEAD—Does the Government intend to take any action for the reconstruction of the Sanitary Board in accordance with the opinion expressed by the British members of the community at the ballot taken on the 16th day of May last, the result of which was duly reported to the Government by Mr. N. J. Ede?"
386:
I believe that the
Chinese, who are indifferently represented, and the Portuguese, who are not represented at all, if a plebiscite could be taken, would be in favour of a pure autocracy; the Americans need not to be counted, and the "Britishers" with the exception of a few "unquiet spirits" would be
292:
Under the 1887 Public Health
Ordinance, the Board was composed of four official members and no more than six unofficial members, and that four official members should be appointed by the Governor (two of them being Chinese) and two elected by the ratepayers who were on the jury lists of the election
533:
was not pleased with the
Governor's decision of a plebiscite and stated that "it is inconsistent with Crown Colony government to seek the guidance of a plebiscite; and in no community whatever whether Crown Colony or not, can a satisfactory solution of a question, in which the whole body of the
425:
The electorates were limited to persons only on the jury lists of the year. There were 788 persons in total out of the 250,000 population in Hong Kong and 362 votes were cast. Most of entitled voters were from the
British community. Among them there were three or four Chinese voted for the
547:
Nevertheless, the other two suggestions by Lord Ripon were soon carried out, an unofficial member and an official member appointed to the
Legislative Council respectively and two unofficial members who were the senior members the Legislative Council appointed to the Executive Council.
351:
Besides the reconstitution of the
Sanitary Board issues, in 1894 there was a group of petitioners supported by the Unofficial Members of the Legislative Council Paul Chater and Ho Kai with 363 signatures asked for a further representations in the Colonial Government. They demanded:
340:
were in favour of an official majority while the officers directly responsible to the
Governor. Contrast to the abolition of the Board, Ho Kai represented another opinion of maintaining the unofficial majority and larger power of the unofficial members. Governor
398:, J. J. Keswick and E. R. Belilios opposed the reform, Lord Ripon agreed with increasing the number of unofficial members in the Legislative Council, introducing unofficial element into the Executive Council and creating a Municipal Council.
534:
ratepayers and many outside that body are interested, be induced from an expression of the opinions of one section alone." Moreover, in this case the plebiscite had led to a result which was opposed to the
Governor's own advice.
312:
raised the question of the composition and powers of the Board. The
Government's decision of appointing a Medical Officer of Health to the Board in 1895 was against the will of the unofficial members.
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
818:
813:
554:
was the newly appointed unofficial member to the
Legislative Council as one of the two Chinese representative alongside Ho Kai who had been the member since 1890. Paul Chater and
426:
unofficials and none voted for the officials. Although the majority of the Chinese population was unrepresented, the result was overwhelmingly favour for the unofficial majority.
838:
833:
828:
823:
808:
803:
345:
shared the same view with the former, insisted that a Medical Department with a Principal Civil Medical Officer directly under the Government should replace the Sanitary Board.
258:
The 1896 plebiscite could be seen as part of the first major debate on the constitutional reform in the crown colony during the 1890s. It was much earlier than the Governor
243:
The result of the plebiscite was overwhelmingly for unofficial majority, however no constitutional changes were made for Sanitary Board, though the constitutions of the
1052:
881:
637:
694:
1406:
716:
526:
Although the plebiscite showed a clear view for unofficial majority, Robinson still insisted to have sanitary affairs placed directly under Government control.
324:
The members of the Executive Council and the Chamber of Commerce were dissatisfied the sanitation and ineffectiveness of the Board. Prominent leaders including
1313:
1047:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
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1057:
1042:
1037:
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1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
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987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
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952:
947:
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538:
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302:
298:
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329:
1457:
916:
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906:
901:
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891:
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871:
866:
861:
376:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1452:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
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1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
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1097:
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1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
709:
555:
248:
853:
392:
233:
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1308:
1303:
1298:
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1285:
1270:
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1250:
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1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
794:
395:
244:
285:
The Sanitary Board was established in 1883 in responsible of improving the sanitary conditions in the city as the result of
544:
Hong Kong had to wait until 1936 and the creation of the Urban Council for any further advance toward a municipal council.
1333:
537:
Chamberlain refused any constitutional changes to the Sanitary Board. The election for the unofficial members resumed in
1401:
740:
702:
348:
With regard of the reconstitution of the Sanitary Board, Governor William Robinson conducted a plebiscite in June 1896.
1421:
342:
278:
1447:
1416:
362:
Perfect freedom of debate for the Official Members with power to vote according to their conscientious convictions.
237:
541:. The Sanitary Department was not established until the Public Health and Buildings Ordinance was passed in 1903.
1462:
1442:
1207:
192:
732:
263:
309:
356:
The free election of representatives of British nationality in the Legislative Council of the Colony.
286:
259:
228:
in June 1896. It was the only plebiscite conducted by the Hong Kong Government on record. The other
631:
530:
519:
515:
252:
559:
416:
whether the Sanitary Board should consist of a majority of officials or of unofficials.
337:
325:
221:
68:
Whether the Sanitary Board should consist of a majority of officials or of unofficials?
689:
Twentieth century impressions of Hong-kong, Shanghai, and other Treaty Ports of China.
1436:
314:
682:
G. B. Government and people in Hong Kong, 1841-1962 : a constitutional history.
274:
266:
in the 1940s and 1950s and the rise of the modern pro-democracy camp in the 1980s.
414:
A plebiscite was held in June 1896 and the question submitted to the voters being
333:
614:
406:
317:, the three times elected member resigned, and other three unofficial members
727:
225:
622:
551:
419:
318:
562:
were the new unofficial members appointed to the Executive Council.
410:
The City Hall, where the elections of the Sanitary Board took place.
514:
405:
273:
698:
665:
Papers Respecting the Reconstitution of the Sanitary Board.
652:
Papers Respecting the Reconstitution of the Sanitary Board.
371:
A consultative voice in questions of an Imperial character.
224:
should have an official or unofficial majority was held in
359:
A majority in the Council of such elected representatives
365:
Complete control in the Council over local expenditure.
321:, William Hartigan and Robert Kennaway Leigh followed.
382:
on 5 June 1894, Governor William Robinson addressed:
1381:
1332:
1284:
1206:
930:
852:
793:
739:
73:
522:, Secretary of State for the Colonies (1895—1903).
626:. Legislative Council of Hong Kong. 8 July 1896.
691:London: Lloyd's Greater Britain Pub. Co. (1908)
384:
710:
8:
387:satisfied to let matters remain as they are.
21:
717:
703:
695:
636:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
428:
422:, however, put the voting date on 16 May.
79:
22:1896 Hong Kong Sanitary Board plebiscite
571:
502:
491:
480:
476:
465:
931:Sanitary Board and municipal elections
733:Elections and referendums in Hong Kong
629:
20:
580:Reconstitution of the Sanitary Board.
492:
481:
433:
391:Although the Governor and the Acting
7:
687:Wright, Arnold and H.A. Cartwright.
593:Amendment of Constitution, Hongkong.
293:year. Three elections were held in
281:, Governor of Hong Kong (1891—1898)
684:Hong Kong University Press. (1964)
14:
1407:Registration and Electoral Office
726:
368:The management of local affairs.
191:
28:
623:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
240:was not officially recognised.
1412:List of Hong Kong by-elections
1286:Rural Representative elections
591:Hong Kong Government Gazette.
578:Hong Kong Government Gazette.
1:
854:Legislative Council elections
1402:Electoral Affairs Commission
529:The then Secretary of State
220:A plebiscite on whether the
289:'s report in 1881 advised.
232:referendum launched by the
1479:
1458:Urban Council of Hong Kong
1334:National People's Congress
1208:District Council elections
1397:
503:
493:Registered voters/turnout
477:
466:
455:
444:
439:
436:
207: Unofficial majority
202:
190:
181:
166:Registered voters/turnout
90:
87:
78:
66:
42:
26:
1453:Referendums in Hong Kong
255:were added as a result.
615:"Sanitary Board Reform"
504:Source: Sessional Paper
213: Official majority
137:Invalid or blank votes
523:
411:
389:
310:bubonic plague of 1894
282:
518:
409:
375:In the letter to the
277:
418:Legislative Council
279:Sir William Robinson
260:Mark Aitchison Young
445:Unofficial majority
430:
330:Chamber of Commerce
249:Legislative Council
238:by-election in 2010
97:Unofficial majority
23:
1422:Elections in Macau
1417:Elections in China
795:Election Committee
531:Joseph Chamberlain
524:
520:Joseph Chamberlain
429:
412:
393:Colonial Secretary
377:Secretary of State
283:
253:unofficial members
234:pro-democracy camp
1448:1896 in Hong Kong
1430:
1429:
663:Sessional Paper.
508:
507:
456:Official majority
218:
217:
197:Results by Colony
177:
176:
114:Official majority
57:
56:
1470:
1463:June 1896 events
1443:1896 referendums
731:
730:
719:
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643:
641:
635:
627:
619:
611:
605:
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583:
576:
560:John Bell-Irving
431:
396:Stewart Lockhart
343:William Robinson
251:were changed as
212:
206:
195:
186:
185:
167:
80:
62:
61:
44:
43:
38:
37:
33:
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31:
24:
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1433:
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1431:
1426:
1393:
1377:
1328:
1280:
1202:
926:
848:
789:
741:Chief Executive
735:
725:
723:
677:
672:
671:
662:
658:
650:
646:
628:
617:
613:
612:
608:
604:GA 1896 no. 251
603:
599:
595:GA 1896 no. 251
590:
586:
582:GA 1896 no. 116
577:
573:
568:
558:representative
513:
404:
287:Osbert Chadwick
272:
214:
210:
208:
204:
198:
184:
183:
182:
165:
85:
69:
60:
59:
58:
36:
35:
34:
29:
27:
19:
18:1896 referendum
12:
11:
5:
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1125:
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1100:
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1080:
1075:
1070:
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1025:
1020:
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1005:
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975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
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932:
928:
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919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
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884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
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856:
850:
849:
847:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
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811:
806:
800:
798:
791:
790:
788:
787:
782:
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772:
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736:
724:
722:
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707:
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644:
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584:
570:
569:
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509:
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500:
497:
494:
490:
489:
486:
483:
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474:
471:
468:
464:
463:
460:
457:
453:
452:
449:
446:
442:
441:
438:
435:
403:
400:
373:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
357:
338:E. R. Belilios
305:respectively.
271:
268:
222:Sanitary Board
216:
215:
209:
203:
200:
199:
196:
188:
187:
179:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
162:
161:
156:
151:
145:
144:
141:
138:
134:
133:
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127:
123:
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119:
116:
110:
109:
104:
99:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
76:
75:
71:
70:
67:
64:
63:
55:
54:
52:
47:
40:
39:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1475:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
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1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
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1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
935:
933:
929:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
859:
857:
855:
851:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
801:
799:
796:
792:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
747:
745:
742:
738:
734:
729:
720:
715:
713:
708:
706:
701:
700:
697:
690:
686:
683:
679:
678:
674:
666:
660:
657:
653:
648:
645:
639:
633:
625:
624:
616:
610:
607:
601:
598:
594:
588:
585:
581:
575:
572:
565:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
542:
540:
535:
532:
527:
521:
517:
510:
498:
495:
487:
484:
472:
469:
461:
458:
454:
450:
447:
443:
432:
427:
423:
421:
417:
408:
401:
399:
397:
394:
388:
383:
381:
378:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
355:
354:
353:
349:
346:
344:
339:
335:
331:
327:
326:J. J. Keswick
322:
320:
316:
315:J. J. Francis
311:
306:
304:
300:
296:
290:
288:
280:
276:
269:
267:
265:
261:
256:
254:
250:
246:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
201:
194:
189:
180:
172:
169:
164:
163:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
146:
142:
139:
136:
135:
131:
128:
125:
124:
120:
117:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
94:
82:
81:
77:
72:
65:
53:
51:
48:
46:
45:
41:
25:
16:
1388:
1372:
1323:
1275:
921:
843:
784:
688:
681:
664:
659:
651:
647:
621:
609:
600:
592:
587:
579:
574:
550:
546:
543:
536:
528:
525:
424:
415:
413:
390:
385:
374:
350:
347:
323:
307:
291:
284:
257:
242:
236:through the
229:
219:
158:
153:
148:
126:Valid votes
113:
106:
101:
96:
49:
15:
482:Total votes
334:Paul Chater
149:Total votes
1437:Categories
1382:Plebiscite
1053:1932 (Nov)
1048:1932 (May)
680:Endacott,
675:References
380:Lord Ripon
270:Background
264:Young Plan
1336:elections
797:elections
743:elections
632:cite book
566:Footnotes
511:Aftermath
245:Executive
226:Hong Kong
50:June 1896
230:de facto
132:100.00%
667:SP 1896
654:SP 1896
556:Jardine
552:Wei Yuk
420:Hansard
402:Polling
328:of the
173:45.94%
159:100.00%
74:Results
473:100.00
434:Choice
319:Ho Kai
211:
205:
143:0.00%
121:8.56%
107:91.44%
88:Votes
84:Choice
618:(PDF)
499:45.94
467:Total
451:91.44
437:Votes
1389:1896
1373:2027
1368:2022
1363:2017
1358:2012
1353:2008
1348:2002
1343:1997
1324:2027
1319:2023
1314:2019
1309:2015
1304:2011
1299:2007
1294:2003
1276:2027
1271:2023
1266:2019
1261:2015
1256:2011
1251:2007
1246:2003
1241:1999
1236:1994
1231:1991
1226:1988
1221:1985
1216:1982
1198:1995
1193:1991
1188:1989
1183:1986
1178:1983
1173:1981
1168:1979
1163:1977
1158:1975
1153:1973
1148:1971
1143:1969
1138:1967
1133:1965
1128:1963
1123:1961
1118:1959
1113:1957
1108:1956
1103:1955
1098:1954
1093:1953
1088:1952
1083:1940
1078:1939
1073:1937
1068:1936
1063:1935
1058:1933
1043:1930
1038:1929
1033:1927
1028:1926
1023:1924
1018:1923
1013:1922
1008:1920
1003:1919
998:1917
993:1916
988:1915
983:1914
978:1912
973:1909
968:1906
963:1903
958:1901
953:1899
948:1894
943:1891
938:1888
922:2025
917:2021
912:2016
907:2012
902:2008
897:2004
892:2000
887:1998
882:1996
877:1995
872:1991
867:1988
862:1985
844:2026
839:2021
834:2016
829:2011
824:2006
819:2005
814:2002
809:2000
804:1998
785:2027
780:2022
775:2017
770:2012
765:2007
760:2005
755:2002
750:1996
638:link
539:1899
462:8.56
336:and
308:The
303:1894
301:and
299:1891
295:1888
247:and
170:788
129:362
496:788
485:362
470:362
448:331
262:'s
154:362
118:31
102:331
1439::
634:}}
630:{{
620:.
459:31
332:,
297:,
140:0
91:%
718:e
711:t
704:v
640:)
488:–
440:%
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