1207:, with 18 of a planned 50 leaving that day. Strikers were harassed by law enforcement officials during an accompanying march held to the train station, garnering significant media attention and public sympathy for the strike. On December 24, due to the protractedness of the strike, the State Department of Labor ordered an official inquiry into the causes and nature of the strike. The department held hearings in the city on December 27, 28, and 30, in total interviewing 47 witnesses, including numerous strikers and the mill owners. The investigators determined conclusively that the decrease in wages was the primary cause of and continued reason for the strike, though mill owners also contended that the intervention of the IWW had prolonged the strike. Following the hearings, the investigators created a multi-point plan that they submitted to the mill owners, who agreed to it. The terms, as written by the investigators, stated:
872:
980:
1056:
1185:
35:
1167:, which was sympathetic to the IWW over the UTW, some members of the private police that had been involved in the October 30 confrontation had been members of the UTW. Miles partnered with business interests, clergy members, and law enforcement to portray the IWW as a violent anarchist group that was not able to effectively negotiate on the behalf of their members. Miles and the UTW succeeded in recruiting some strikers to the organization, claiming an initial membership of 52 mill workers, and while the mill owners refused to negotiate with the IWW, Miles managed to negotiate a settlement for his group with the millworkers, announcing an end to the strike on December 2. The settlement included an increase in day wages and
1153:'s Bureau of Mediation and Arbitration arrive in Little Falls to attempt to broker an agreement between the strikers and the mills. Before the strike had spread to the Gilbert Mill, the bureau interviewed the owner of the Phoenix Mill, who said he would not negotiate any change in pay with the strikers until they returned to work. Meanwhile, after the strike had spread to the Gilbert Mill, representatives of that enterprise agreed to meet with strikers, but refused to have an IWW interpreter present, causing the negotiations to falter. For several weeks thereafter, neither mill would agree to negotiate in any way with IWW representatives. Around this time, the
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1085:
beat the doors down and assaulted the building and its occupants. Cases of liquor and beer were confiscated by the police, who also destroyed musical instruments and the framed IWW charter that the union had displayed in the hall. Many people who resisted were beaten, and the police arrested the entire strike committee, as well as several other strikers and sympathizers, including
Schloss. Legere had managed to escape arrest and went to Utica, where he sent off several letters before he returned to Little Falls the following day and was promptly arrested. The night after the raid, strikers gathered at the hall and cleaned it before singing "
527:
462:, came to Little Falls to help the strikers. Many, including Lunn, were arrested during peaceful rallies at a park near the mills, but after criticism from regional publications and state politicians, the city backed down by late October. Around that same time, the IWW, which had sent organizers to the city near the beginning of the strike, took the lead in organizing the strikers, helping them to form a strike committee, teaching them picketing techniques, and helping to draft a list of demands that included pay wage increases. On October 24, the strikers voted to officially organize a
1142:
666:
substantially less. In a study of the weekly pay of about 800 male workers, almost half made $ 9 or less, while less than a quarter made over $ 12. Out of 900 female workers' weekly wages, about half made $ 7.50 or less, about a fifth made more than $ 10, and 30 percent made $ 6 or less. Many workers complained of the low wages, saying that they were insufficient to provide for themselves and their family. Nationwide, union membership remained relatively low, with only about 6 percent of the country's workforce in 1905 affiliated with the
1253:. It was the largest strike led by the IWW in the state of New York and represented one of several instances during this time of cooperation on the local level between Wobblies and members of the Socialist Party, despite disputes among higher-ups in both organizations. It was one of many in a wave of strikes in the northeastern United States that followed the Lawrence strike, with other textile labor disputes occurring around the same time in
825:. The Lawrence strike, led by the IWW and involving many immigrant workers, such as Poles, had occurred just a few months before the labor disputes in New York. In many cases, the companies were able to quickly resolve these disputes by adjusting wages. In Little Falls, the Phoenix Knitting Mill and the Gilbert Knitting Mill also lowered wages according to the reduced hours, leading to a labor strike at these two mills.
1382:, historian Robert E. Snyder stated, "664 workers braved inclement weather and entrenched local interests to strike against the Phoenix and Gilbert Knitting Mills, and another 659 workers were indirectly affected by work stoppages". Snyder goes on to state that the number of workers who went on strike was roughly equal to the number who did not. However, in a 1995 book, later partially republished in a 2009 entry for
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to the companies altering pay, but in Little Falls, the
Phoenix and Gilbert Knitting Mills resisted, leading to many mill workers receiving less pay than before. As a result, on October 9, 80 workers at the Phoenix Mill performed a walkout, and they were joined on October 18 by 76 workers from the Gilbert Mill. Over the next few days, the number of strikers continued to increase until over 600 workers were on strike.
1324:, which also involved many Polish immigrants. However, by the 1920s, the IWW had declined significantly in size and power. Unionization amongst Polish immigrants in the northeast continued to increase over the next several years and is highlighted by a number of strikes, such as a 1916 labor dispute with the New York Mills Corporation in New York Mills. Later labor disputes in Herkimer County include the
1274:
1104:, and several people from Schenectady to help with relief efforts. Following the arrests, Rabinowitz helped to reorganize the strike committee with new members, while Mayor Lunn and other socialists from Schenectady operated the soup kitchen. Rabinowitz would serve as the IWW's primary organizer for the remainder of the strike, as Haywood was suffering from
4224:
843:, until the number of workers on strike was roughly equal to the number of workers who remained working, with about 664 workers involved in strike action and a further 659 workers indirectly affected by the strike. Around two-thirds of the strikers were women. However, throughout the strike, many skilled workers and
1316:, which had been at a high point following the victory at Lawrence, underwent a tremendous decline, and there was no longer talk about the IWW's infallibility in strikes". Coming as it did between the Lawrence and Paterson strike, Snyder states that the Little Falls strike "has been neglected by labor historians".
971:"Your attention is invited to the fact that the Constitution of the State of New York guarantees the right of free speech and the right of people peacefully to assemble and discuss public questions. The people of the State of New York wish to see that these rights are not unnecessarily curtailed, but are respected
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contradicts some of these larger estimates. The report states that, at the time of the strike, the
Phoenix Mill employed 1,100 workers and the Gilbert Mill, 495. While the report does not state the total number of strikers, it does state that about 800 workers were idled as a result of the strike and
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launched an investigation into the state of living conditions among the immigrant laborers in Little Falls. Additionally, the city government launched a "clean-up week" in an attempt to improve living conditions in the immigrant part of town, the
Phoenix Mill constructed a few new houses for workers,
1124:
sent a letter to the strikers commending them for their determination and expressing her support for their cause and included about $ 87 to help with the strike fund. Keller was an advocate for socialist causes and had joined the IWW after their work in
Lawrence earlier that year. Donations were also
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helped organize a pro-strike rally at
Clinton Park that ran without interference from law enforcement. During the speech, Mayor Lunn told the strikers, "Let your enemies use violence if they will—which I hope will never be the case—but do not ever use violence yourselves. You have right on your side.
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or blocking traffic, including Mayor Lunn himself on
October 15. Lunn refused to pay a $ 50 fine and was sentenced to a 50-day jail sentence. Regarding the strike and involvement of the socialists, Police Chief Long stated, "We have a strike on our hands and a foreign element to deal with. We have in
838:
On
October 9, 80 workers at the Phoenix Knitting Mill performed a walkout due to the reduced pay they had received. The walkout was a spontaneous action among the workers, who were primarily immigrants such as Italians and Poles. On October 18, 76 workers at the Gilbert Knitting Mill also performed a
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Following the IWW's decline, the more conservative AFL remained and recruited workers in the area, and over the next few years the labor organization recruited heavily from immigrant laborers in the region. The AFL and IWW would continue to compete to recruit workers for the next several years, such
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Following the strike, the IWW focused on the legal issues concerning 14 strikers who remained arrested. Moore served as the attorney for those involved, with trials taking place from March to May 1913. In the end, many were found not guilty or received fines, but
Bochino and Legere were found guilty
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On
October 30, a violent confrontation occurred between picketers and law enforcement officials. That morning, Chief Long had several men stationed near the entrance of the Phoenix Mill, where strikers were picketing. Tensions rose as the picketers refused to clear away to allow workers to enter the
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pay, and resulted in the strikers receiving their employment back without discrimination. However, over the next several months, the IWW focused a great deal of time and resources into court cases regarding several of those arrested during the strike, and ultimately, two organizers were found guilty
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Concerning the strike, Pula stated in a 1995 book that the "dispute characterized by physical and emotional bitterness that more than matched the inclement weather of a brutal winter". The strike was the longest to occur as a result of the Jackson bill, and the employees involved lost a cumulative
1226:
Winding schedules: Cop yarn in most sizes is raised 5 cents per 100 pounds. Mule spun yarn is increased from 9 per cent on the largest size to 16 per cent on the smallest size. 10 per cent additional is paid on latch needle knitting. Other piece work prices affected by the fifty-four hour law to be
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passed a law that lowered the maximum number of weekly working hours for women and children from 60 to 54. However, the law did not address pay, resulting in many workers throughout the state seeing a decrease in wages relative to their reduced working hours. In many cases, brief labor disputes led
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was stabbed. Shortly after this, the strike committee met with strikers at the Slovak Hall, a building located across the Mohawk River from the mills in the immigrant part of town that was used as the headquarters for the strike. Police chased picketers across the river and to the hall, where they
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expressing disapproval of the workers' decision to strike, saying, "The question of whether the wages paid were starvation or not, did not, and cannot enter into the merits of the case. The employer fixed the wages that he was willing to pay, and the men were at liberty to accept the employment or
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spoke to the crowd, calling on them to continue to fight for better conditions if they approved of the proposal. Ultimately, the strikers unanimously agreed to accept the terms of the contract, with the meeting ending with a playing of "La Marseillaise". The strikers agreed to return to work that
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and George Lehney. Following the advice of the IWW, the strikers formed a strike committee that included representatives from both plants and from each nationality of the strikers. The strike committee organized subcommittees to handle other aspects of the strike, such as finances, and organized
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were unionized, constituting about a quarter of the entire union membership in the city. These spinners, who worked 60 hours per week, made about $ 2.60 per day, which was higher than the daily pay for spinners in other nearby cities, but the majority of mill workers were not unionized and made
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in a court case related to their actions in the Lawrence strike, was the primary organizer, teaching the strikers different picketing techniques and helping to assemble the subcommittees. Additionally, the committee formulated some demands that they submitted to the mill owners on October 23:
898:, recruited many to come with him to Little Falls to help organize the strikers and recruit more textile workers to join in picketing. While Mayor Lunn wished to hold a rally at Clinton Park (an area located directly across the street from the Phoenix Mill), city authorities took advantage of
1116:, stating, "It was the most brutal, cold blooded act ever done in these parts. Nothing under heaven can ever justify it, and the soul of the degenerate brute who started it will shrivel in hell long, long before the workers will ever forget this day". In response, members of Little Falls'
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of the IWW in Little Falls. Several days later, on October 30, there was a violent confrontation between law enforcement officials and strikers outside the Phoenix Mill, and in the resulting riot, police raided the strikers' headquarters and arrested many. Following this, IWW officials
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to bar the socialists from holding the meeting, with one ordinance requiring permits from city officials to hold a rally and another forbidding gatherings of over 20 people in public. These ordinances were often enforced inconsistently, as previous political rallies by
442:, saw substantial growth in its textile industry during the early 1900s. The city's textile mills were primarily operated by immigrant workers from Europe who faced poor and living conditions in the city. In 1912, as part of efforts to improve workplace safety, the
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of primarily immigrant mill workers at the Phoenix Knitting Mill following a reduction in pay, followed the next week by workers at the Gilbert Knitting Mill for the same reason. The strike, which grew to several hundred participants under the leadership of the
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could work in factories from 60 to 54. Additionally, the bill would bar them from working between the hours of 9 p.m. and 6 a.m. and prohibit them from working more than ten hours per day. The Jackson bill was opposed by industry interests, who hired
945:. Mayor Lunn called for 5,000 protestors to come to Little Falls, and following this, hundreds of labor activists, Wobblies, and socialists came to the city to aid the strikers. The action worked, as city officials began releasing many protestors on
501:, which also concerned mill workers. By the 1920s, the IWW had entered into a period of serious decline, while the UTW ramped up its organizing efforts among immigrants in the area. The Little Falls strike was one in a wave of textile strikes in the
1304:, the court cases drained money and resources from the local union, and with two of the union's organizers in prison, the local struggled and eventually fell into a state of disorder. This time period also coincided with the IWW's
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1120:, politicians, and businessmen held a town meeting where they voiced their approval of the actions taken by the police. By November 16, the strike had idled about 800 workers who remained at the mills. On November 19, activist
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initiated an investigation into the strike and helped to negotiate a contract that was approved by both the mills and the union. As a result, the IWW members returned to work on January 6, 1913, bringing the strike to a close.
678:. AFL leaders were relatively unconcerned with unionizing unskilled workers and viewed immigrant laborers, such as the workers at the mills in Little Falls, as a potential danger to the craft union movement. Also in 1905, the
479:(UTW), which organized its own separate local union and signed a labor contract that brought some mill workers back to work on December 2. However, the IWW local, with about 400 members, persisted. On December 24, the
1312:, after the Paterson strike, "the bright hopes of the IWW in the textile industry lay shattered", further stating, "The IWW suffered a setback in Paterson from which it never completely recovered. Its prestige in the
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and sentenced to a year in prison. As a result of these developments, the IWW local soon fell into a state of disorder, while nationally, the IWW suffered a serious blow to its size and power following the disastrous
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pay to make up for the loss of hours. However, the IWW local at this time claimed a membership of 400 workers who remained on strike. Concerning the competition between the two unions during the strike, historian
1157:(UTW), an AFL-affiliated union, began to organize some of the strikers into their union and negotiated with the mills on their behalf. The UTW presence in Little Falls, led by AFL organizer Charles A. Miles of
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Following the free speech protests, IWW officials began to take the lead in organizing the strike activities. Wobblies had been involved since the early days of the strike, with organizers Fillippo Bochino of
4537:
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James "Dusty" Long stated that speeches by the socialists could possibly provoke a riot and further civil unrest. Many activists who attempted to speak in favor of the strike were arrested on charges of
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690:. Unionization efforts by the IWW would eventually push the AFL to reconsider their approach to unskilled labor, and the two organizations often engaged in competition to represent workers and lead
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had been allowed, but were invoked to prevent socialists who attempted to speak at the park. Local law enforcement officials were highly sympathetic to the mill owners, and both Herkimer County
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the past kept them in subjugation and we mean to continue to hold them where they belong". In addition to law enforcement, local media institutions were also critical of the strike, with the
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had also created the Factory Investigating Commission to investigate working conditions in the state, with the commission visiting Little Falls in August 1912. Ultimately, with support from
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645:". The latter had prompted the Fortnightly Club, a local charity organization, to hire M. Helen Schloss to serve as a visiting nurse to treat tuberculosis and other sicknesses in the city.
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On December 17, in a move similar to what the IWW had done in Lawrence, the strikers began to send their children to temporarily live in the homes of strike sympathizers in cities such as
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214:
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as Local No. 801 — the National Industrial Union of Textile Workers of Little Falls. On October 27, the strikers held a parade through Little Falls that involved over 1,000 people.
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has said, "In the end, the IWW proved more influential, possibly because of the egregious actions of local officials that called forth a stronger response from the workers".
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while allowing other groups, and in a letter to Little Falls Mayor Frank Shall and Sheriff Moon, Governor Dix cautioned them about suppressing New Yorkers' rights, saying:
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to Little Falls to help prepare for the legal matters that those arrested would be facing. The following day, the strikers published a handbill condemning the action as a
751:
to attempt to prevent the bill's passage into law. Mill owners argued that the bill would hurt the state's textile industry, while one company that also operated mills in
706:, which involved many Polish immigrants. In the United States during the early 1900s, many Polish workers were receptive to industrial unionism with the IWW and similar
327:
1161:, had arrived after the IWW had established its role in the strike and began to directly compete with the IWW to control the strike. According to reporting from the
4097:
4333:
3989:
3154:
Fones-Wolf, Elizabeth; Fones-Wolf, Kenneth (1983). "Trade-Union Evangelism: Religion and the AFL in the Labor Forward Movement, 1912–16". In Frisch, Michael H.;
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435:(IWW), lasted until January the following year, when the mills and the strikers came to an agreement that brought the workers back to the mills on January 6.
34:
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and Fred Hirsh of Schenectady arriving in Little Falls shortly after the initial walkouts. Other prominent IWW organizers who came to Little Falls included
4517:
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in December 1912, he stated that the strikers had initiated the violence after charging his officers. However, according to a contemporary report in the
859:, resigned from her position as nurse and became a fervent supporter of the strikers, helping to organize and lead many parades and rallies and opening a
809:. As a result, when the law came into effect, many companies reduced pay in proportion to the decrease in hours worked. This led to numerous and sporadic
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by the beginning of the 20th century. The city's first mill had been organized in 1872, and by 1912, the city was a sizeable center for the production of
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stated that the law would lead to more work being performed in those locations, where the cap on hours per week that women could work was 66. Meanwhile,
364:
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Soon after the strike began, organized labor advocates and socialists from the surrounding area began to come to Little Falls to help the strikers. In
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The city of Little Falls held events to commemorate the centennial of the strike in 2012. Events were also held elsewhere in the Mohawk Valley: in
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during labor disputes, such as in one that had occurred just two years prior. On October 17, Schloss, who had been involved in organized labor and
3826:
1231:
On January 2, Rabinowitz called a mass meeting of the strikers where the terms of the proposal were read with the help of interpreters, including
200:
3789:
1325:
288:
3717:
805:
While the bill had addressed the number of hours that could be worked, the legislation did not address the impact that the change would have on
4204:
1396:, Phillips Russell stated that, on October 10, "more than 1,500 workers" from both mills performed a walkout. Meanwhile, a 2012 article in the
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Americans resisted in joining. This was partially due to the fact that, in the past, the mill owners had hired immigrant workers to act as
623:
8.5 million. The laborers at these mills often faced poor working conditions, with the mills employing children as young as 5 years old in
722:
615:. These immigrants were drawn to Little Falls due to the robust economic growth the city was experiencing during the early 1900s, as the
1235:. The state mediator was also present to answer questions or provide clarifications for the strikers. Also during the meeting, attorney
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Organizers from Schenectady continued to push for the ability to hold rallies and employed strategies such as overcrowding the local
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of the city grew by 89 percent between 1904 and 1909, with the total value of goods produced during the latter year equal to about
4057:
4016:
904:
776:
727:
588:
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395:
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333:
133:
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Snyder, Robert E. (January 1979). "Women, Wobblies, and Workers' Rights: The 1912 Textile Strike in Little Falls, New York".
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not. ... There were no extraordinary conditions, no disturbances, no suffering, no distress, so far as anyone here knew".
537:
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245:
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1298:, where they were interred until July 1914. According to historian Robert E. Snyder in a 1979 article in the journal
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throughout the state, with workers objecting to receiving less money. A similar situation had occurred previously in
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The terms of the contract resulted in wage increases of between 6 and 15 percent for the workers, depending on their
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3718:"Arbitrators to Air Little Falls Evils; State Board Arrives in Disturbed City to Investigate the Strike Troubles"
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1426:, the instigating action that led to violence was when "Chief Long prodded a young girl in the breasts with his
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Sources vary on the exact cause of the confrontation. In a report given by Chief Long to investigators from the
694:. During the 1910s, the IWW attempted to organize many factories in New York, and they were involved in several
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3648:
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Sources vary on the exact number of workers involved in the strike. In a 1979 article published in the journal
1076:. The strikers by comparison were almost all unarmed. During the resulting riot, one officer was shot, while a
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said of the strike, "more than 1,300 workers" went on strike. Additionally, in a December 1912 issue of the
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came to Little Falls to help continue the strike. Around the same time, the IWW faced competition from the
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1434:, in a 1979 book, stated that the confrontation was instigated by a policeman who beat a female striker.
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You can unite as one mighty army of workers and thus secure the wages to enable you to live peaceably".
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580:
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Cashman, John (2005). "Industrial Workers of the World". In Eisenstadt, Peter; Moss, Laura-Eve (eds.).
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Decrease in wages following a reduction in maximum working hours for women from 60 to 54 hours per week
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On October 24, the strikers held a meeting where they voted to officially unionize with the IWW, with
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in May of that year. That same year, the union led a strike against the New York Mills Corporation of
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4107:
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Managers and Workers: Origins of the Twentieth-Century Factory System in the United States, 1880–1920
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stated that 1,000 workers from each mill (2,000 total) went on strike. However, a 1913 report by the
1129:, which raised $ 40 for the strike. During this time, Rabinowitz and Schloss traveled throughout the
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walkout to protest their reduced wages. Over the next several days, more workers began to honor the
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had passed a similar law that decreased working hours that similarly led to strikes, including the
683:
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Goldberg, David J. (2009). "Twentieth-Century Textile Strikes". In Brenner, Aaron; Day, Benjamin;
1265:. As a result of the strike, mill workers saw wage increases of between 6 and 15 percent, and the
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Piece work rates to be adjusted to compensate for reduction of time caused by fifty-four hour law.
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daily parades and picketing. Legere, who had spent the past few months working for the defense of
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775:. The bill was proposed amidst a greater push for workplace safety for women following the 1911
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1339:, home to Remington Rand, a dramatic play based on the strike was performed, and in Utica the
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Jack spinners in the mill operated machinery that spun a cotton strand after it had left the
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Following the attack, the IWW sent more organizers to help with the strike effort, including
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mill. As a result, a physical confrontation unfolded between the strikers and the officers.
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552:
549:
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3442:
Perkins, Susan R. (2005). "Herkimer County". In Eisenstadt, Peter; Moss, Laura-Eve (eds.).
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causes during her career prior to Little Falls while working as a nurse in New York City's
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as the end of the strike. Other sources give conflicting dates of January 3 and January 4.
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Free speech meeting held by socialists at Clinton Park, with the Phoenix Mill on the right
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During this period of growth in Little Falls, business interests worked to prevent worker
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3863:"Demurrer Filed for Lunn.; In Answer to Little Falls Strike Indictment -- Hearing Monday"
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proposed legislation that would reduce the maximum number of weekly hours that women and
579:, home to several mills and other manufacturing facilities, earning it the nickname "the
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in the city, representing only 6 percent of the population. In the mills, only about 75
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that the IWW local union, established during the strike, had a membership of about 400.
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Monday, January 6, thus ending the strike. The IWW viewed the settlement as a success.
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795:
572:
459:
3790:"End Little Falls Strike.; Terms Proposed by State Mediators Are Practically Accepted"
3682:"Riot Leaders are Held.; Legere, Who Led Little Falls Strikers, Sent to Herkimer Jail"
1443:
Sources vary on the exact amount she donated, with ranges of between $ 87 and $ 87.50.
4471:
4303:
4112:
3499:
3495:
3467:
3184:
1387:
1329:
1295:
1282:
1173:
1109:
890:, located about 55 miles (89 km) down the Mohawk River from Little Falls, Mayor
848:
814:
784:
695:
642:
608:
568:
419:
95:
3132:
Women and the American Labor Movement: From Colonial Times to the Eve of World War I
4278:
4268:
4253:
3509:
3498:(2009). "Polish Workers and Strikes, 1900–1937". In Brenner, Aaron; Day, Benjamin;
3237:
3194:
3130:
1232:
1188:
1121:
1097:
942:
920:
860:
691:
686:
union, was established and began to organize unskilled workers in the country into
654:
628:
584:
560:
472:
439:
415:
192:
3948:
1261:, as well as part of a wave of labor disputes led by the IWW in the northeast and
882:(left) with Little Falls Police Chief James Long (right) moments before his arrest
3615:
3528:
3471:
3443:
3418:
3403:
3374:
3213:
3159:
3070:
3032:"In November We Remember: The Centennial of the 1912 Little Falls Textile Strike"
2984:
1217:
All men and women working 54 hours to receive pay formerly received for 60 hours.
949:
due to the small size of the city jail. Multiple newspapers in the area, such as
670:(AFL), a federation of labor unions that primarily focused on organizing skilled
4352:
4127:
4042:
3899:"I.W.W. Leader Guilty.; B.J. Legere Convicted of Rioting in Little Falls Strike"
1113:
844:
743:
675:
658:
463:
138:
Local No. 801 — the National Industrial Union of Textile Workers of Little Falls
3754:"Call Mill Wages High.; Employer's Blame Agitators for the Little Falls Strike"
4283:
3061:
1278:
1273:
1168:
1006:
600:
488:
113:
3913:
3877:
3841:
3804:
3768:
3732:
3696:
3656:
3417:
Pearson, Chad (2005). "Labor". In Eisenstadt, Peter; Moss, Laura-Eve (eds.).
1344:
852:
840:
671:
624:
596:
576:
112:
Mills agree to pay 60-hour wages for 54-hour workweek, institute changes in
85:
1281:
was found guilty of assault during the strike and sentenced to one year at
3629:
1745:
1743:
3942:
1912 Little Falls Textile Strike | Little Falls Historical Society Museum
3827:"Commissioner of Labor Williams Can Force Them Out.; Facts of the Strike"
3408:. The Chronicles of America (Textbook ed.). New Haven, Connecticut:
3076:
1250:
1105:
748:
707:
632:
604:
90:
3664:
1125:
sent by many supporters of the strike, including the IWW local union in
1072:
officers began to attack strikers with their clubs, with several beaten
1023:"Same weekly wages for 54 hours' work as had been received for 60 hours.
627:
conditions, while their squalid living conditions led to a high rate of
3161:
Working-Class America: Essays on Labor, Community, and American Society
1291:
1262:
1044:
916:
810:
564:
510:
509:, and one of numerous IWW-led strikes throughout the Northeast and the
493:
427:
426:, United States. The strike began on October 9, 1912, as a spontaneous
100:
1117:
592:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1214:
The companies to reinstate all former employees as soon as possible.
4223:
3096:"City preparing to commemorate 100th anniversary of textile strike"
1029:
Additional increase of 15 per cent for all workers on night shift.
987:
Facing this pressure, on October 21, Socialist candidates in the
3527:
Rogers, William C.; Downey, P. J.; McManus, James (March 1913).
1308:, which ended in disaster for the union. According to historian
1026:
Additional increase of 10 per cent for all workers on day shift.
946:
938:
806:
563:, the city was one of several in the region to have a developed
3952:
763:
speaking in favor of its passage. Additional support came from
196:
3405:
The Armies of Labor: A Chronicle of the Organized Wage-Earners
3010:"Review: 'Strike Story' both entertains and educates audience"
1957:
1955:
787:
that had killed over 100 women. As part of this movement, the
1211:"There will be no discrimination against individual strikers.
1223:
Night lunch to be adjusted by the workers directly involved.
2150:
2148:
1032:
No discrimination against workers for activity in strike."
18:
1912–1913 textile workers strike in Little Falls, New York
4523:
Labor disputes led by the Industrial Workers of the World
2402:
2400:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
1824:
1822:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1108:-related illness. Additionally, the IWW brought attorney
4538:
Textile and clothing labor disputes in the United States
1506:
1504:
1502:
3129:(1979). "Little Falls, Paterson, and Other Struggles".
2906:; With an introduction from Joseph M. Jacobs. Chicago:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2585:
2583:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2465:
2463:
2375:
2373:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2177:
2175:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1644:
1642:
1588:
1586:
1584:
2044:
2042:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1551:
1549:
1536:
1534:
1521:
1519:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1343:
church had a Wobbly give a speech about the strike on
1270:
and a loan company was established to aid immigrants.
1059:
Strikers outside Slovak Hall following the raid, with
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
798:, the bill was approved and signed into law, with an
3448:. Foreword by Carole F. Huxley. Syracuse, New York:
3423:. Foreword by Carole F. Huxley. Syracuse, New York:
2989:. Foreword by Carole F. Huxley. Syracuse, New York:
1749:
39:
Strikers on parade shortly after the initial walkout
4513:
Industrial Workers of the World in New York (state)
4418:
4386:
4332:
4292:
4231:
4177:
4136:
4025:
3999:
3988:
3075:. Women Making History. Santa Barbara, California:
2899:
Haymarket Heritage: The Memoirs of Irving S. Abrams
2625:
2606:
2574:
2364:
2096:
2013:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
173:
120:
108:
79:
67:
54:
44:
27:
3897:
3861:
3825:
3788:
3752:
3716:
3680:
3110:
3094:
2859:
2844:
3505:The Encyclopedia of Strikes in American History
3190:The Encyclopedia of Strikes in American History
1384:The Encyclopedia of Strikes in American History
1294:. The two Wobblies were sentenced to a year in
969:
963:of preventing socialists from exercising their
682:(IWW, whose members are known as Wobblies), an
631:among the immigrants. The millworkers lived in
3534:State of New York Department of Labor Bulletin
3246:"On the Picket Line at Little Falls, New York"
3215:The Fragile Bridge: Paterson Silk Strike, 1913
3121:. Little Falls, New York. September 27, 2012b.
1080:officer from the Humphrey Detective Agency of
3964:
3112:"1912 Textile Strike Commemoration Continues"
1133:to gather additional support for the strike.
208:
8:
4533:Riots and civil disorder in New York (state)
4406:Metal and Machinery Workers Industrial Union
3529:"The Little Falls Textile Workers' Dispute"
3164:(Illini Books ed.). Urbana, Illinois:
730:amidst efforts to improve workplace safety.
4348:Australasian Meat Industry Employees Union
4340:
4098:1916–1917 northern Minnesota lumber strike
3996:
3971:
3957:
3949:
3030:Dunn, Brendan Maslauskas (November 2012).
867:Socialist activists arrive in Little Falls
759:supported the bill, with textile unionist
215:
201:
193:
33:
24:
4508:History of the Socialist Party of America
4368:Marine Transport Workers Industrial Union
4363:Incarcerated Workers Organizing Committee
3105:. Little Falls, New York. June 26, 2012a.
1051:Confrontation between police and strikers
3072:Helen Keller: A Life in American History
2505:
1973:
1961:
1272:
1183:
1149:Almost as soon as the strike began, the
1140:
1137:Mediation and the United Textile Workers
1054:
978:
870:
721:
525:
458:, including that city's Socialist Mayor
438:Little Falls, a city situated along the
4446:Workers' International Industrial Union
2874:
2751:
2739:
2715:
2703:
2481:
2454:
2430:
2418:
2406:
2391:
2352:
2217:
2067:
1828:
1766:
1510:
1469:
1356:
3052:from the original on November 29, 2022
2808:
2784:
2691:
2667:
2646:
2562:
2541:
2517:
2493:
2469:
2379:
2318:
2289:
2277:
2260:
2248:
2236:
2193:
2181:
2166:
2154:
2139:
2127:
2108:
1934:
1922:
1910:
1898:
1886:
1869:
1717:
1696:
1672:
1648:
1633:
1621:
1592:
1540:
1525:
1493:
1063:in the front row, fourth from the left
4088:Bayonne refinery strikes of 1915–1916
4053:1912–1913 Little Falls textile strike
3920:from the original on January 29, 2023
3884:from the original on January 29, 2023
3848:from the original on January 29, 2023
3811:from the original on January 29, 2023
3775:from the original on January 29, 2023
3739:from the original on January 29, 2023
3703:from the original on January 29, 2023
3473:Polish Americans: An Ethnic Community
2796:
2772:
2727:
2679:
2589:
2529:
2442:
2335:
2205:
1946:
1684:
1660:
1555:
1322:Bayonne refinery strikes of 1915–1916
767:, head of the New York branch of the
726:The Jackson bill came after the 1911
412:1912–1913 Little Falls textile strike
28:1912–1913 Little Falls textile strike
7:
4528:Progressive Era in the United States
4239:List of General Secretary-Treasurers
3379:(2nd ed.). Madison, Wisconsin:
2832:
2820:
2048:
1992:
1852:
1840:
1813:
1734:
1604:
3580:Russell, Phillips (February 1913).
3546:Russell, Phillips (December 1912).
1452:January 6 is the date given by the
1145:IWW members in jail in Little Falls
505:that followed the IWW's successful
4518:Labor disputes in New York (state)
4478:1910s strikes in the United States
4358:Education Workers Industrial Union
4038:1912 New York City waiters' strike
3824:Kennaday, Paul (January 2, 1913).
3445:The Encyclopedia of New York State
3420:The Encyclopedia of New York State
3008:DiCocco, Beth (November 3, 2012).
2986:The Encyclopedia of New York State
2908:Charles H. Kerr Publishing Company
1454:New York State Department of Labor
1418:New York State Department of Labor
1404:New York State Department of Labor
1326:Remington Rand strike of 1936–1937
1151:New York State Department of Labor
700:1912 New York City waiters' strike
657:, and in 1912, there were only 12
559:. Situated along the banks of the
522:Industry in Little Falls, New York
481:New York State Department of Labor
14:
4543:United Textile Workers of America
4396:Agricultural Workers Organization
2626:Rogers, Downey & McManus 1913
2607:Rogers, Downey & McManus 1913
2575:Rogers, Downey & McManus 1913
2365:Rogers, Downey & McManus 1913
2097:Rogers, Downey & McManus 1913
2014:Rogers, Downey & McManus 1913
1155:United Textile Workers of America
477:United Textile Workers of America
144:United Textile Workers of America
48:October 9, 1912 – January 6, 1913
4222:
4017:Pressed Steel Car strike of 1909
3763:. December 31, 1912. p. 9.
3727:. December 27, 1912. p. 6.
3691:. November 2, 1912. p. 22.
3614:Shippee, Lester Burrell (1924).
1750:Fones-Wolf & Fones-Wolf 1983
931:Little Falls Journal and Courier
777:Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
728:Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
224:Textile strikes in United States
50:(2 months and 4 weeks)
4498:1913 labor disputes and strikes
4488:1912 labor disputes and strikes
4401:Lumber Workers Industrial Union
4169:Stockton cannery strike of 1937
4149:1922 New England Textile Strike
3981:Industrial Workers of the World
3872:. January 14, 1913. p. 2.
3046:Industrial Workers of the World
1193:Industrial Workers of the World
919:James W. Moon and Little Falls
680:Industrial Workers of the World
433:Industrial Workers of the World
134:Industrial Workers of the World
4159:1927–1928 Colorado Coal Strike
4154:1923 San Pedro maritime strike
3799:. January 2, 1913. p. 3.
3594:International Socialist Review
3560:International Socialist Review
3353:International Socialist Review
3345:"Legere Sentenced to One Year"
3320:International Socialist Review
3287:International Socialist Review
3254:International Socialist Review
2963:International Socialist Review
2929:International Socialist Review
2921:"Liberty or the Penitentiary?"
2904:Illinois Labor History Society
1423:International Socialist Review
1393:International Socialist Review
1164:International Socialist Review
973:in spirit as well as in letter
773:New York Child Labor Committee
712:United Mine Workers of America
1:
4058:1913 El Paso smelters' strike
4012:1907 Skowhegan textile strike
3381:University of Wisconsin Press
2915:Biscay, J. S. (April 1913a).
587:". These mills employed many
4441:Western Federation of Miners
4033:1912 Lawrence textile strike
3552:"The Strike at Little Falls"
3312:"Will Prosecute Mill Owners"
3166:University of Illinois Press
1328:and several disputes led by
989:1912 New York state election
975:, within your jurisdiction."
823:1912 Lawrence textile strike
738:member Edward D. Jackson of
668:American Federation of Labor
507:1912 Lawrence textile strike
4200:2018–2019 Education strikes
4185:1964 Mount Isa Mines strike
4007:First Convention of the IWW
3908:. May 20, 1913. p. 2.
3069:Eliassen, Meredith (2021).
2949:Biscay, J. S. (May 1913b).
1227:adjusted on the same plan."
450:Shortly after the walkout,
328:Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills
4561:
2896:; Boanes, Phyllis (eds.).
2892:Abrams, Irving S. (1989).
1255:New Bedford, Massachusetts
1131:Northeastern United States
896:Socialist Party of America
789:New York State Legislature
718:Changes to hours and wages
698:in the state, such as the
611:. Many were not fluent in
503:Northeastern United States
149:Socialist Party of America
4503:Herkimer County, New York
4454:
4353:Burgerville Workers Union
4343:
4220:
4164:1933 Yakima Valley strike
4078:1913 Ipswich Mills strike
4063:1913 Paterson silk strike
3607:Marxists Internet Archive
3603:Charles H. Kerr & Co.
3573:Marxists Internet Archive
3569:Charles H. Kerr & Co.
3450:Syracuse University Press
3425:Syracuse University Press
3366:Marxists Internet Archive
3362:Charles H. Kerr & Co.
3333:Marxists Internet Archive
3329:Charles H. Kerr & Co.
3300:Marxists Internet Archive
3296:Charles H. Kerr & Co.
3267:Marxists Internet Archive
3263:Charles H. Kerr & Co.
2991:Syracuse University Press
2976:Marxists Internet Archive
2972:Charles H. Kerr & Co.
2942:Marxists Internet Archive
2938:Charles H. Kerr & Co.
1306:1913 Paterson silk strike
1205:Pittsfield, Massachusetts
769:National Consumers League
499:1913 Paterson silk strike
418:involving workers at two
230:
178:
125:
32:
4493:1913 in New York (state)
4483:1912 in New York (state)
4431:Glossary of Wobbly terms
3649:Cornell University Press
3398:Orth, Samuel P. (1919).
3277:, ed. (February 1913a).
2955:"Two Jurors Disappeared"
996:The IWW becomes involved
4458:Organized Labour portal
4378:United Campaign Workers
4373:Starbucks Workers Union
4195:2011 Wisconsin protests
3617:Recent American History
3373:Nelson, Daniel (1996).
3220:Temple University Press
819:that state's government
736:New York State Assembly
567:industry with multiple
4249:Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
4144:Anaconda Road massacre
4118:Seattle General Strike
4083:1913 Studebaker strike
3605:: 598–599 – via
3586:"The Fourteen in Jail"
3571:: 455–460 – via
3298:: 599–600 – via
3265:: 519–523 – via
2940:: 750–754 – via
1341:Unitarian Universalist
1286:
1196:
1146:
1064:
984:
977:
883:
863:to feed the strikers.
731:
534:
531:Little Falls, New York
424:Little Falls, New York
60:Little Falls, New York
4210:2021 Frito-Lay strike
4205:Lyft and Uber strikes
3410:Yale University Press
3310:, ed. (March 1913b).
3212:Golin, Steve (1988).
1276:
1187:
1144:
1058:
1038:IWW General Secretary
982:
874:
725:
529:
162:Gilbert Knitting Mill
159:Phoenix Knitting Mill
4309:Industrial democracy
4108:Green Corn Rebellion
3512:. pp. 138–153.
3508:. Armonk, New York:
3452:. pp. 709–712.
3427:. pp. 848–852.
3343:, ed. (July 1913c).
3197:. pp. 330–341.
3193:. Armonk, New York:
3168:. pp. 153–184.
3156:Walkowitz, Daniel J.
3139:. pp. 440–458.
926:disturbing the peace
834:Early strike actions
829:Course of the strike
802:of October 1, 1912.
710:unions, such as the
546:Mohawk Valley region
454:members from nearby
377:Lewiston-Auburn shoe
4436:Little Red Songbook
4324:Solidarity unionism
4314:Industrial unionism
3238:Haywood, William D.
2823:, pp. 145–146.
2682:, pp. 222–223.
2532:, pp. 599–600.
2508:, pp. 153–154.
2433:, pp. 522–523.
2421:, pp. 459–460.
1964:, pp. 331–332.
1855:, pp. 144–145.
1752:, pp. 172–173.
1259:Passaic, New Jersey
1203:, Schenectady, and
1180:Later strike action
781:industrial disaster
684:anarcho-syndicalist
635:that an article in
365:Los Angeles garment
283:New York shirtwaist
4426:Free speech fights
4123:Centralia massacre
4103:Bisbee Deportation
4048:Wheatland hop riot
3905:The New York Times
3869:The New York Times
3833:The New York Times
3796:The New York Times
3760:The New York Times
3724:The New York Times
3688:The New York Times
3331:: 670 – via
2974:: 822 – via
2111:, pp. 29, 34.
1636:, pp. 33, 43.
1287:
1197:
1147:
1102:Matilda Rabinowitz
1091:The Internationale
1065:
1061:Matilda Rabinowitz
1041:Vincent Saint John
1016:Arturo Giovannitti
1012:Joseph James Ettor
985:
894:, a member of the
884:
732:
638:The New York Times
535:
513:during the 1910s.
469:Matilda Rabinowitz
4465:
4464:
4414:
4413:
4218:
4217:
4137:1920s & 1930s
3622:Macmillan Company
3620:. New York City:
3519:978-0-7656-1330-1
3487:978-0-8057-8427-5
3478:Twayne Publishers
3476:. New York City:
3459:978-0-8156-0808-0
3434:978-0-8156-0808-0
3390:978-0-299-14883-6
3364:: 41 – via
3229:978-1-56639-005-7
3204:978-0-7656-1330-1
3175:978-0-252-00954-9
3146:978-0-02-910370-8
3135:. New York City:
3118:The Evening Times
3102:The Evening Times
3086:978-1-4408-7464-2
3037:Industrial Worker
3015:Observer-Dispatch
3000:978-0-8156-0808-0
2861:The Evening Times
2846:The Evening Times
2787:, pp. 56–57.
2577:, pp. 30–31.
2544:, pp. 51–52.
2520:, pp. 49–50.
2292:, pp. 40–41.
2263:, pp. 39–40.
2251:, pp. 38–39.
2196:, pp. 37–38.
2157:, pp. 36–37.
1937:, pp. 33–34.
1925:, pp. 31–33.
1913:, pp. 30–31.
1699:, pp. 35–36.
1399:Industrial Worker
1195:during the strike
965:freedom of speech
959:, criticized the
952:The Post-Standard
941:and clogging the
793:New York Governor
688:industrial unions
595:, including many
405:
404:
191:
190:
169:
168:
4550:
4459:
4341:
4336:
4296:
4226:
4093:Everett massacre
4068:Paterson pageant
3997:
3992:
3982:
3973:
3966:
3959:
3950:
3945:
3944:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3901:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3865:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3829:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3792:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3756:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3720:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3684:
3668:
3640:New York History
3633:
3610:
3590:
3582:Kerr, Charles H.
3576:
3556:
3548:Kerr, Charles H.
3542:
3523:
3491:
3463:
3438:
3413:
3394:
3369:
3349:
3341:Kerr, Charles H.
3336:
3316:
3308:Kerr, Charles H.
3303:
3283:
3275:Kerr, Charles H.
3270:
3250:
3242:Kerr, Charles H.
3240:(January 1913).
3233:
3218:. Philadelphia:
3208:
3179:
3150:
3127:Foner, Philip S.
3122:
3114:
3106:
3098:
3090:
3065:
3059:
3057:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3004:
2979:
2959:
2951:Kerr, Charles H.
2945:
2925:
2917:Kerr, Charles H.
2911:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2857:
2851:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2770:
2755:
2749:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2650:
2644:
2629:
2623:
2610:
2604:
2593:
2587:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2527:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2404:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2339:
2333:
2322:
2316:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2071:
2065:
2052:
2046:
2017:
2011:
1996:
1990:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1873:
1867:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1817:
1811:
1770:
1764:
1753:
1747:
1738:
1732:
1721:
1715:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1646:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1559:
1553:
1544:
1538:
1529:
1523:
1514:
1508:
1497:
1491:
1457:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1435:
1414:
1408:
1379:New York History
1374:
1368:
1361:
1301:New York History
1267:state government
1191:operated by the
900:local ordinances
444:state government
311:
264:North Adams shoe
258:New England shoe
225:
217:
210:
203:
194:
127:
126:
37:
25:
4560:
4559:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4547:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4461:
4457:
4450:
4410:
4382:
4334:
4328:
4294:
4288:
4274:Matilda Robbins
4227:
4214:
4173:
4132:
4073:Hopedale strike
4021:
3990:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3940:
3939:
3936:
3923:
3921:
3896:
3887:
3885:
3860:
3851:
3849:
3823:
3814:
3812:
3787:
3778:
3776:
3751:
3742:
3740:
3715:
3706:
3704:
3679:
3676:
3674:Further reading
3671:
3636:
3613:
3588:
3579:
3554:
3545:
3526:
3520:
3494:
3488:
3466:
3460:
3441:
3435:
3416:
3397:
3391:
3372:
3347:
3339:
3314:
3306:
3281:
3279:"A Red Brigade"
3273:
3248:
3236:
3230:
3211:
3205:
3182:
3176:
3153:
3147:
3125:
3109:
3093:
3087:
3068:
3055:
3053:
3029:
3020:
3018:
3007:
3001:
2993:. p. 773.
2982:
2970:(11). Chicago:
2957:
2948:
2936:(10). Chicago:
2923:
2914:
2891:
2887:
2882:
2881:
2873:
2869:
2858:
2854:
2843:
2839:
2831:
2827:
2819:
2815:
2807:
2803:
2795:
2791:
2783:
2779:
2771:
2758:
2750:
2746:
2738:
2734:
2726:
2722:
2714:
2710:
2702:
2698:
2690:
2686:
2678:
2674:
2666:
2653:
2645:
2632:
2624:
2613:
2605:
2596:
2588:
2581:
2573:
2569:
2561:
2548:
2540:
2536:
2528:
2524:
2516:
2512:
2504:
2500:
2492:
2488:
2480:
2476:
2468:
2461:
2453:
2449:
2441:
2437:
2429:
2425:
2417:
2413:
2405:
2398:
2390:
2386:
2378:
2371:
2363:
2359:
2351:
2342:
2334:
2325:
2317:
2296:
2288:
2284:
2276:
2267:
2259:
2255:
2247:
2243:
2235:
2224:
2216:
2212:
2204:
2200:
2192:
2188:
2180:
2173:
2165:
2161:
2153:
2146:
2138:
2134:
2126:
2115:
2107:
2103:
2095:
2074:
2066:
2055:
2047:
2020:
2012:
1999:
1991:
1980:
1972:
1968:
1960:
1953:
1945:
1941:
1933:
1929:
1921:
1917:
1909:
1905:
1897:
1893:
1885:
1876:
1868:
1859:
1851:
1847:
1839:
1835:
1827:
1820:
1812:
1773:
1765:
1756:
1748:
1741:
1733:
1724:
1716:
1703:
1695:
1691:
1683:
1679:
1671:
1667:
1659:
1655:
1647:
1640:
1632:
1628:
1620:
1611:
1603:
1599:
1591:
1562:
1554:
1547:
1539:
1532:
1524:
1517:
1509:
1500:
1492:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1460:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1432:Philip S. Foner
1415:
1411:
1375:
1371:
1365:carding machine
1362:
1358:
1353:
1310:Philip S. Foner
1279:Benjamin Legere
1246:
1182:
1139:
1087:La Marseillaise
1053:
1007:Benjamin Legere
998:
961:double standard
913:Martin H. Glynn
869:
857:Lower East Side
836:
831:
765:Frances Perkins
757:organized labor
720:
651:
649:Organized labor
617:economic output
573:knitted fabrics
542:Herkimer County
524:
519:
452:Socialist Party
408:
407:
406:
401:
383:Montreal Cotton
309:
289:Chicago garment
226:
223:
221:
187:
186:
183:Matilda Robbins
165:
153:
63:
62:, United States
49:
40:
19:
12:
11:
5:
4558:
4557:
4554:
4546:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4470:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4422:
4420:
4419:Related topics
4416:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4392:
4390:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4344:
4338:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4244:Eugene V. Debs
4241:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4228:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4190:Redwood Summer
4187:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4003:
4001:
3994:
3986:
3985:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3968:
3961:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3935:
3934:External links
3932:
3931:
3930:
3894:
3858:
3836:. p. 10.
3821:
3785:
3749:
3713:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3634:
3611:
3601:(8). Chicago:
3577:
3567:(6). Chicago:
3543:
3524:
3518:
3500:Ness, Immanuel
3496:Pula, James S.
3492:
3486:
3468:Pula, James S.
3464:
3458:
3439:
3433:
3414:
3400:Johnson, Allen
3395:
3389:
3370:
3360:(1). Chicago:
3337:
3327:(9). Chicago:
3304:
3294:(8). Chicago:
3271:
3261:(7). Chicago:
3234:
3228:
3209:
3203:
3185:Ness, Immanuel
3180:
3174:
3151:
3145:
3123:
3107:
3091:
3085:
3066:
3027:
3005:
2999:
2980:
2946:
2912:
2894:Roediger, Dave
2888:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2867:
2852:
2837:
2835:, p. 147.
2825:
2813:
2801:
2799:, p. 452.
2789:
2777:
2775:, p. 448.
2756:
2754:, p. 751.
2744:
2742:, p. 598.
2732:
2720:
2718:, p. 822.
2708:
2706:, p. 296.
2696:
2694:, p. 133.
2684:
2672:
2651:
2630:
2611:
2594:
2592:, p. 447.
2579:
2567:
2546:
2534:
2522:
2510:
2498:
2486:
2484:, p. 519.
2474:
2459:
2457:, p. 522.
2447:
2445:, p. 444.
2435:
2423:
2411:
2409:, p. 459.
2396:
2394:, p. 458.
2384:
2369:
2357:
2355:, p. 457.
2340:
2338:, p. 443.
2323:
2294:
2282:
2265:
2253:
2241:
2222:
2220:, p. 460.
2210:
2208:, p. 442.
2198:
2186:
2171:
2159:
2144:
2132:
2113:
2101:
2072:
2070:, p. 456.
2053:
2018:
1997:
1978:
1976:, p. 153.
1966:
1951:
1939:
1927:
1915:
1903:
1891:
1874:
1857:
1845:
1833:
1831:, p. 773.
1818:
1816:, p. 146.
1771:
1769:, p. 712.
1754:
1739:
1737:, p. 144.
1722:
1701:
1689:
1687:, p. 441.
1677:
1665:
1663:, p. 445.
1653:
1638:
1626:
1609:
1607:, p. 206.
1597:
1560:
1558:, p. 440.
1545:
1530:
1515:
1513:, p. 850.
1498:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1445:
1436:
1409:
1369:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1332:in the 1930s.
1277:IWW organizer
1245:
1242:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1181:
1178:
1138:
1135:
1127:Columbus, Ohio
1078:private police
1070:Mounted police
1052:
1049:
1043:giving them a
1034:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
997:
994:
909:William Sulzer
892:George R. Lunn
880:George R. Lunn
868:
865:
849:strikebreakers
835:
832:
830:
827:
800:effective date
796:John Alden Dix
719:
716:
704:New York Mills
696:labor disputes
650:
647:
643:rabbit warrens
523:
520:
518:
515:
460:George R. Lunn
403:
402:
400:
399:
392:
391:
387:
386:
380:
374:
368:
361:
360:
356:
355:
349:
343:
337:
331:
325:
319:
313:
304:
298:
292:
286:
280:
273:
272:
268:
267:
261:
255:
249:
243:
236:
235:
231:
228:
227:
222:
220:
219:
212:
205:
197:
189:
188:
180:
179:
176:
175:
171:
170:
167:
166:
164:
163:
160:
156:
154:
152:
151:
146:
141:
140:
139:
130:
123:
122:
118:
117:
110:
106:
105:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
81:
77:
76:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
58:
56:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:
38:
30:
29:
23:
22:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4556:
4555:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4460:
4453:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4385:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4331:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4319:One Big Union
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4304:Dual unionism
4302:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4291:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4230:
4225:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4113:Tulsa Outrage
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3987:
3983:
3974:
3969:
3967:
3962:
3960:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3943:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3906:
3900:
3895:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3870:
3864:
3859:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3834:
3828:
3822:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3797:
3791:
3786:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3755:
3750:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3719:
3714:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3689:
3683:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3641:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3595:
3587:
3583:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3561:
3553:
3549:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3521:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3440:
3436:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3421:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3354:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3255:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3148:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3113:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3097:
3092:
3088:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3067:
3063:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2956:
2952:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2876:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2862:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2814:
2811:, p. 57.
2810:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2733:
2730:, p. 41.
2729:
2724:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2673:
2670:, p. 56.
2669:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2649:, p. 54.
2648:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2628:, p. 31.
2627:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2609:, p. 29.
2608:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2568:
2565:, p. 52.
2564:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2506:Eliassen 2021
2502:
2499:
2496:, p. 50.
2495:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2475:
2472:, p. 42.
2471:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2412:
2408:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2385:
2382:, p. 48.
2381:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2367:, p. 30.
2366:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2321:, p. 41.
2320:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2283:
2280:, p. 40.
2279:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2242:
2239:, p. 39.
2238:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2187:
2184:, p. 38.
2183:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2169:, p. 37.
2168:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2142:, p. 47.
2141:
2136:
2133:
2130:, p. 51.
2129:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2102:
2099:, p. 28.
2098:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2051:, p. 52.
2050:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2016:, p. 27.
2015:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1974:Eliassen 2021
1970:
1967:
1963:
1962:Goldberg 2009
1958:
1956:
1952:
1949:, p. 67.
1948:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1904:
1901:, p. 33.
1900:
1895:
1892:
1889:, p. 30.
1888:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1872:, p. 31.
1871:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1846:
1843:, p. 53.
1842:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1720:, p. 36.
1719:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1678:
1675:, p. 44.
1674:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1654:
1651:, p. 53.
1650:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1627:
1624:, p. 35.
1623:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1598:
1595:, p. 34.
1594:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1543:, p. 32.
1542:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1528:, p. 17.
1527:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1496:, p. 29.
1495:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1430:". Historian
1429:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1388:James S. Pula
1385:
1381:
1380:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1331:
1330:dairy farmers
1327:
1323:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1296:Auburn Prison
1293:
1284:
1283:Auburn Prison
1280:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1174:James S. Pula
1170:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1143:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:Jessie Ashley
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1062:
1057:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1004:
995:
993:
990:
981:
976:
974:
968:
966:
962:
958:
954:
953:
948:
944:
940:
935:
932:
927:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
901:
897:
893:
889:
881:
877:
873:
866:
864:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
833:
828:
826:
824:
820:
816:
815:Massachusetts
812:
808:
803:
801:
797:
794:
790:
786:
785:New York City
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
745:
741:
737:
729:
724:
717:
715:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
692:labor strikes
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
664:
663:jack spinners
660:
656:
648:
646:
644:
641:compared to "
640:
639:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
569:textile mills
566:
562:
558:
554:
551:
547:
543:
540:is a city in
539:
532:
528:
521:
516:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
495:
490:
485:
482:
478:
474:
470:
465:
461:
457:
453:
448:
445:
441:
436:
434:
429:
425:
421:
420:textile mills
417:
413:
397:
396:NYC Chinatown
394:
393:
389:
388:
384:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
362:
358:
357:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
322:Ipswich Mills
320:
317:
316:Paterson silk
314:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
274:
270:
269:
265:
262:
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256:
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250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
237:
233:
232:
229:
218:
213:
211:
206:
204:
199:
198:
195:
185:
184:
177:
172:
161:
158:
157:
155:
150:
147:
145:
142:
137:
136:
135:
132:
131:
129:
128:
124:
119:
115:
111:
107:
102:
99:
97:
96:Strike action
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
83:
82:
78:
72:
71:
70:
66:
61:
57:
53:
47:
43:
36:
31:
26:
21:
16:
4387:
4279:Carlo Tresca
4269:Lucy Parsons
4264:Frank Little
4254:Bill Haywood
4052:
3922:. Retrieved
3903:
3886:. Retrieved
3867:
3850:. Retrieved
3831:
3813:. Retrieved
3794:
3777:. Retrieved
3758:
3741:. Retrieved
3722:
3705:. Retrieved
3686:
3644:
3638:
3616:
3598:
3592:
3564:
3558:
3541:(54): 27–31.
3538:
3532:
3510:M. E. Sharpe
3504:
3472:
3444:
3419:
3404:
3375:
3357:
3351:
3324:
3318:
3291:
3285:
3258:
3252:
3214:
3195:M. E. Sharpe
3189:
3160:
3131:
3116:
3100:
3071:
3060:– via
3054:. Retrieved
3041:
3035:
3019:. Retrieved
3013:
2985:
2967:
2961:
2933:
2927:
2898:
2875:DiCocco 2012
2870:
2860:
2855:
2845:
2840:
2828:
2816:
2804:
2792:
2780:
2752:Biscay 1913a
2747:
2740:Russell 1913
2735:
2723:
2716:Biscay 1913b
2711:
2704:Shippee 1924
2699:
2687:
2675:
2570:
2537:
2525:
2513:
2501:
2489:
2482:Haywood 1913
2477:
2455:Haywood 1913
2450:
2438:
2431:Haywood 1913
2426:
2419:Russell 1912
2414:
2407:Russell 1912
2392:Russell 1912
2387:
2360:
2353:Russell 1912
2285:
2256:
2244:
2218:Russell 1912
2213:
2201:
2189:
2162:
2135:
2104:
2068:Russell 1912
1969:
1942:
1930:
1918:
1906:
1894:
1848:
1836:
1829:Cashman 2005
1767:Perkins 2005
1692:
1680:
1668:
1656:
1629:
1600:
1511:Pearson 2005
1448:
1439:
1421:
1412:
1397:
1391:
1386:, historian
1383:
1377:
1372:
1359:
1334:
1318:
1299:
1288:
1247:
1233:Carlo Tresca
1230:
1198:
1189:Soup kitchen
1162:
1148:
1122:Helen Keller
1098:Bill Haywood
1095:
1066:
1035:
999:
986:
970:
950:
943:court system
936:
930:
921:Police Chief
907:politicians
885:
861:soup kitchen
837:
804:
733:
676:craft unions
659:local unions
655:unionization
652:
636:
629:tuberculosis
585:Empire State
561:Mohawk River
538:Little Falls
536:
486:
473:Bill Haywood
449:
440:Mohawk River
437:
416:labor strike
411:
409:
301:Little Falls
300:
181:
174:Lead figures
20:
15:
4128:Bisbee Riot
4043:Grabow riot
3924:January 29,
3888:January 29,
3852:January 29,
3815:January 29,
3779:January 29,
3743:January 29,
3707:January 29,
3056:January 28,
2809:Snyder 1979
2785:Snyder 1979
2692:Nelson 1996
2668:Snyder 1979
2647:Snyder 1979
2563:Snyder 1979
2542:Snyder 1979
2518:Snyder 1979
2494:Snyder 1979
2470:Snyder 1979
2380:Snyder 1979
2319:Snyder 1979
2290:Snyder 1979
2278:Snyder 1979
2261:Snyder 1979
2249:Snyder 1979
2237:Snyder 1979
2194:Snyder 1979
2182:Snyder 1979
2167:Snyder 1979
2155:Snyder 1979
2140:Snyder 1979
2128:Snyder 1979
2109:Snyder 1979
1935:Snyder 1979
1923:Snyder 1979
1911:Snyder 1979
1899:Snyder 1979
1887:Snyder 1979
1870:Snyder 1979
1718:Snyder 1979
1697:Snyder 1979
1673:Snyder 1979
1649:Snyder 1979
1634:Snyder 1979
1622:Snyder 1979
1593:Snyder 1979
1541:Snyder 1979
1526:Abrams 1989
1494:Snyder 1979
1114:police riot
1074:unconscious
888:Schenectady
876:Schenectady
845:native-born
841:picket line
761:John Golden
464:local union
456:Schenectady
390:1980s–2000s
359:1930s–1970s
346:New Bedford
334:New England
271:1900s–1920s
109:Resulted in
4472:Categories
4295:Philosophy
4284:Ben Legere
4178:After 1940
3137:Free Press
3062:libcom.org
2797:Foner 1979
2773:Foner 1979
2728:Kerr 1913c
2680:Golin 1988
2590:Foner 1979
2530:Kerr 1913a
2443:Foner 1979
2336:Foner 1979
2206:Foner 1979
1947:Golin 1988
1685:Foner 1979
1661:Foner 1979
1556:Foner 1979
1464:References
1320:as in the
1237:Fred Moore
1169:piece work
905:Democratic
771:, and the
601:Hungarians
589:immigrants
517:Background
489:piece work
352:Loray Mill
252:Mill Women
240:Mill Women
114:piece work
3914:0362-4331
3878:0362-4331
3842:0362-4331
3805:0362-4331
3769:0362-4331
3733:0362-4331
3697:0362-4331
3657:0146-437X
3651:: 29–57.
3021:March 29,
2833:Pula 2009
2821:Pula 2009
2049:Pula 1995
1993:Dunn 2012
1853:Pula 2009
1841:Pula 1995
1814:Pula 2009
1735:Pula 2009
1605:Orth 1919
1345:Labor Day
1251:work days
1244:Aftermath
1201:Amsterdam
1003:Rochester
853:socialist
749:lobbyists
734:In 1911,
672:tradesmen
633:tenements
625:sweatshop
597:Austrians
577:underwear
544:, in the
533:, in 1894
330:1914–1915
303:1912–1913
277:Skowhegan
86:Picketing
68:Caused by
4335:Sections
4259:Joe Hill
3918:Archived
3882:Archived
3846:Archived
3809:Archived
3773:Archived
3737:Archived
3701:Archived
3665:23169970
3502:(eds.).
3470:(1995).
3187:(eds.).
3158:(eds.).
3077:ABC-Clio
3050:Archived
1106:diabetes
957:Syracuse
811:walkouts
708:militant
605:Italians
553:New York
371:National
307:Hopedale
295:Lawrence
246:Paterson
91:Protests
55:Location
4388:Extinct
3991:History
3584:(ed.).
3550:(ed.).
3402:(ed.).
3244:(ed.).
2953:(ed.).
2919:(ed.).
2885:Sources
1292:assault
1263:Midwest
1249:68,379
1089:" and "
1045:charter
917:Sheriff
753:Georgia
740:Buffalo
613:English
583:of the
565:textile
555:, near
550:Upstate
511:Midwest
494:assault
428:walkout
340:Passaic
121:Parties
101:Walkout
80:Methods
4232:People
3912:
3876:
3840:
3803:
3767:
3731:
3695:
3663:
3655:
3630:315984
3628:
3516:
3484:
3456:
3431:
3387:
3226:
3201:
3172:
3143:
3083:
2997:
1257:, and
1159:Auburn
1118:clergy
1082:Albany
878:Mayor
744:minors
607:, and
593:Europe
581:Lowell
414:was a
310:
4026:1910s
4000:1900s
3661:JSTOR
3647:(1).
3589:(PDF)
3555:(PDF)
3348:(PDF)
3315:(PDF)
3282:(PDF)
3249:(PDF)
3044:(9).
2958:(PDF)
2924:(PDF)
2863:2012b
2848:2012a
1351:Notes
1337:Ilion
817:when
807:wages
779:, an
674:into
609:Poles
591:from
557:Utica
234:1800s
3926:2023
3910:ISSN
3890:2023
3874:ISSN
3854:2023
3838:ISSN
3817:2023
3801:ISSN
3781:2023
3765:ISSN
3745:2023
3729:ISSN
3709:2023
3693:ISSN
3653:ISSN
3626:OCLC
3599:XIII
3565:XIII
3514:ISBN
3482:ISBN
3454:ISBN
3429:ISBN
3385:ISBN
3325:XIII
3292:XIII
3259:XIII
3224:ISBN
3199:ISBN
3170:ISBN
3141:ISBN
3081:ISBN
3058:2023
3023:2023
2995:ISBN
2968:XIII
2934:XIII
1428:club
1314:East
1014:and
947:bail
939:jail
911:and
575:and
471:and
410:The
398:1982
385:1946
379:1937
373:1934
367:1933
354:1929
348:1928
342:1926
336:1922
324:1913
318:1913
312:1913
297:1912
291:1910
285:1909
279:1907
266:1870
260:1860
254:1836
248:1835
242:1834
45:Date
3358:XIV
3042:109
1290:of
1093:".
955:in
783:in
548:of
492:of
422:in
116:pay
4474::
3916:.
3902:.
3880:.
3866:.
3844:.
3830:.
3807:.
3793:.
3771:.
3757:.
3735:.
3721:.
3699:.
3685:.
3659:.
3645:60
3643:.
3624:.
3597:.
3591:.
3563:.
3557:.
3539:XV
3537:.
3531:.
3480:.
3383:.
3356:.
3350:.
3323:.
3317:.
3290:.
3284:.
3257:.
3251:.
3222:.
3115:.
3099:.
3079:.
3048:.
3040:.
3034:.
3012:.
2966:.
2960:.
2932:.
2926:.
2902:.
2759:^
2654:^
2633:^
2614:^
2597:^
2582:^
2549:^
2462:^
2399:^
2372:^
2343:^
2326:^
2297:^
2268:^
2225:^
2174:^
2147:^
2116:^
2075:^
2056:^
2021:^
2000:^
1981:^
1954:^
1877:^
1860:^
1821:^
1774:^
1757:^
1742:^
1725:^
1704:^
1641:^
1612:^
1563:^
1548:^
1533:^
1518:^
1501:^
1472:^
1347:.
1100:,
714:.
621:$
603:,
599:,
3972:e
3965:t
3958:v
3928:.
3892:.
3856:.
3819:.
3783:.
3747:.
3711:.
3667:.
3632:.
3609:.
3575:.
3522:.
3490:.
3462:.
3437:.
3412:.
3393:.
3368:.
3335:.
3302:.
3269:.
3232:.
3207:.
3178:.
3149:.
3089:.
3064:.
3025:.
3003:.
2978:.
2944:.
2910:.
2877:.
2865:.
2850:.
1995:.
1367:.
1285:.
216:e
209:t
202:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
