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clear that the protesters had different roles based on which job they were striking against. The ribbon weavers were skilled workers who, having previous militant struggles, helped to educate the strikers on their rights. Ribbon weavers were also advocates for higher wages, as they believed that since they were being more productive with the introduction of the looms, and thus their productivity rate was also higher, they should be getting paid more. They even went so far as to demand that the three- and four-loom systems be completely removed from the mills. The workers believed that the introduction of these mills was stealing jobs away from them and was also lowering their wages. Furthermore, socialism had long been a strong belief of the ribbon weavers, directly clashing with the capitalistic manufacturers and bosses. This resentment finally bubbled over in 1913 during the strikes under the ribbon workers rule of their then-current spokesman, Louis Magnet. Manufacturers responded with a seven-part statement criticizing the economic viability of the demands, among other concerns.
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owners and reduced demand for more expensive male laborers, bidding down their wages. In addition, technological advances in silk production reduced demand for skilled labor in the silk mills of
Paterson. New technology in silk mills in Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts which allowed weavers to run multiple looms at once posed significant competition to smaller New Jersey shops which manufactured silk much less efficiently and at a much higher cost. In response to these much larger corporate mills with multiple-loom systems – and in order to stay in business in the long run – New Jersey's mills had to respond by adopting the more efficient technology. High skilled weavers such as those in ribbon shops thus fought against multiple-loom systems. The reduced labor intensity of the new silk industry also meant that low skilled broad-silk weavers would be displaced and hurt by the industry changes. All weavers also wanted to shorten their work days and establish a certain minimum wage.
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517:) to undercut the strike, they were unable to extend the strike to the annexes of the Paterson mills in Pennsylvania. Paterson manufacturers, victorious but frightened, held back for another decade. Strike supporters were torn apart as a result of the defeat, and the IWW never fully recovered in Eastern America.
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on June 7, 1913, and drew 150,000 attendees. The strikers were brought into
Manhattan on a hired train and marched up Fifth Avenue in what was either a pre-show rally or performative protest before reaching the performance venue. The pageant was organized episodically and invited audience involvement
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Once the home of Maria and Pietro Botto, immigrant silk workers from northern Italy, the landmark played a major role in the reform of the
American workplace. During the Paterson Silk Strike of 1913, it served as a rallying point for thousands of striking workers and their families who advocated the
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Despite the minor success of the pageant, which still came at a loss (since the strikers were allowed in for 10 cents a piece or free instead of the full price of the dollar seats each) which operated at a loss of $ 2,000, the strikers were defeated. Still the IWW managed to help the hungry strikers
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in
Lawrence, Massachusetts, where laborers were able to successfully pressure mill owners to raise wages, later galvanizing support from left-leaning intellectual groups. The successful strike helped attract interest from intellectual circles in Paterson's labor movements, and gave union organizers
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sympathetic to the striker's cause came up with the idea to organize a pageant play in which the events of the strike were reenacted. Haywood and the strike committee worked closely with John Reed on the writing and staging of the pageant, which integrated the strikers' ideas and lived experiences.
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by recruiting thousands of workers. Two weeks into the strike, all types of weavers united to create a list of demands directed to mill owners and employers, ranging from minimum age restrictions to protect children to abolishing the multiple-loom systems to ensure the presence of jobs. It became
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organization was the main outside agent behind both the
Lawrence textile strike and the Paterson silk strike. On February 25, 1913, the first day of the strike, the IWW's prominent feminist leader Elizabeth Gurley Flynn was arrested after giving a talk on uniting strikers across racial boundaries.
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Ultimately, the strike ended in failure on July 28, 1913. Scholars cite an important reason for this failure as
Paterson's necessary adaptation to the new machinery and new economics of the silk industry. Manufacturers would not acquiesce to the demands of strikers because they simply could not.
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The
Paterson strikers mobilized after years of declining wages, continued poor working conditions, and long work days. The increasing number of women and children in the labor supply due to changing social customs and improved health through technological advances provided cheaper labor for mill
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in 1911. The multiple-loom system of this mill upset workers who feared the inevitable transformation of all of
Paterson's mills and the subsequent loss of jobs. In response, sixty weavers struck, beginning a string of union meetings with business agents to negotiate wages for silk workers in
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382:, race, gender, and manufacturing expertise all caused internal dissension among the striking parties and this led many reformist intellectuals in the Northeast to question their effectiveness. A major turning point for these labor movements occurred in 1912 during the
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The city's suspicion that IWW was responsible for radical protest tactics was in direct conflict with IWW philosophy. Labor leaders within the IWW promoted grassroots mobilization and allowed the strikers freedom to choose the direction of their militancy.
420:, also supported the idea that the strikes were primarily the result of the IWW's propaganda. Regardless, the strikes were carried out for months even after the arrest of IWW leaders, dispelling the notion that the workers were only agitated by outsiders.
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The authorities charged her and her fellow speakers with inciting violence through radical speech. Before the Senate
Commission on Industrial Relations, police captain Andrew J. McBride upheld these charges, claiming that the revolutionary air among the
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Paterson's strike was part of a series of industrial strikes in the garment and textile industries of the
American East from 1909 to 1913. The participants of these strikes were largely immigrant factory workers from southern and eastern Europe.
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More than 10,000 of Paterson's silk workers walked out today in answer to the national strike call of the United Textile Workers, according to Eli Keller, secretary of the local unit of the American Federation of Silk
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children into foster homes to ease their way of life and provide food and aid while their parents and workers were striking. Although they had shut down Paterson and beaten off an attempt by the AFL (
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and improved working conditions. The strike began in February 1913, and ended five months later, on July 28. During the course of the strike, approximately 1,850 strikers were arrested, including
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499:, one of Reed's former classmates, was commissioned to design the set for the pageant. All in all between 800 and 1000 workers participated in the Paterson strike pageant, which was held at
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Two were killed in the strike: bystander Valentino Modestino, fatally shot by a private guard on April 17, and striking worker Vincenzo Madonna, fatally shot by a strikebreaker on June 29.
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946:"10,000 Leave Jobs In Paterson Mills; Silk Union Making Drive to Induce 7,000 Others to Join Walkout. Employers Threaten Court Action, Holding Contract Broken. 1,500 Idle in Hudson County"
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Political cartoon of a silk producer who is holding a flag on which is written "To hell with your laws! I'll get Haywood. Elizabeth Flynn, or anyone else who interferes with my profits."
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Paterson. The following year, Edwald Koettgen formed the Eight-Hour League in Paterson, championing the idea of an eight-hour work day, sowing the final seeds of the 1913 strike.
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Labor leaders involved developed and repurposed their own speeches for inclusion in the pageant and even wrote some of the music.
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Wilmer, S. E. and Wilmeth, D.B. The role of workers in the nation: The Paterson Strike Pageant.
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was caused by and could be attributed to the IWW. Paterson's mayor at the time, Dr.
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Great Falls/Society for the Establishment of Useful Manufactures Historic District
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to the extent that some critics have referred to the pageant as a public ritual.
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Mattina, A. F. (2009). Paterson Silk Strike of 1913. In I. Ness (Ed.),
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Theatre, Society and the Nation : Staging American Identities
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Bill Haywood and his entourage in Paterson during the silk strike.
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Work stoppage involving silk mill workers in Paterson, New Jersey
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19:"Paterson silk strike" redirects here. For the 1902 strike, see
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629:"Paterson Silk Strike, 1913." Social Welfare History Project"
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List of incidents of civil unrest in Colonial North America
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Paterson, New Jersey with the textile mills on the right,
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Labor disputes led by the Industrial Workers of the World
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Textile and clothing labor disputes in the United States
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The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest
338:. The strike involved demands for establishment of an
846:(Vol. 5, pp. 2623–2624). Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
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1688:Rosa L. Parks School of Fine and Performing Arts
620:The I.W.W. and the Paterson Silk Strike of 1913
883:. Temple University Press. pp. 104, 180.
880:The Fragile Bridge: Paterson Silk Strike, 1913
609:The Fragile Bridge: Paterson Silk Strike, 1913
468:Industrial Workers of the World pageant poster
3327:Industrial Workers of the World in New Jersey
1949:
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986:
124:
8:
3135:1885 attack on Squak Valley Chinese laborers
2122:Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–1911
1428:Metal and Machinery Workers Industrial Union
2883:
2396:
2166:
1989:
1956:
1942:
1934:
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1498:
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1370:Australasian Meat Industry Employees Union
1362:
1120:1916–1917 northern Minnesota lumber strike
1018:
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979:
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117:
109:
38:
29:
3256:Mass racial violence in the United States
2667:South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876
2224:Illinois Central shopmen's strike of 1911
1390:Marine Transport Workers Industrial Union
1385:Incarcerated Workers Organizing Committee
933:eight-hour day and an end to child labor.
613:. Philadelphia]: Temple University Press.
528:The strike was featured in the 1981 film
622:. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
2949:Pacific Electric Railway strike of 1903
1468:Workers' International Industrial Union
642:
3221:Bituminous coal miners' strike of 1894
3062:1899 Coeur d'Alene labor confrontation
2865:Bituminous coal miners' strike of 1894
2833:Paint Creek–Cabin Creek strike of 1912
2373:Bituminous coal miners' strike of 1894
2143:Bituminous coal miners' strike of 1894
2576:1895 New Orleans dockworkers massacre
2378:Indianapolis streetcar strike of 1913
1110:Bayonne refinery strikes of 1915–1916
1075:1912–1913 Little Falls textile strike
821:
819:
810:
798:
786:
774:
762:
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738:
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7:
3317:Progressive Era in the United States
2984:Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894
2927:Los Angeles Chinese massacre of 1871
1791:St. Joseph's Regional Medical Center
1261:List of General Secretary-Treasurers
855:
2954:1907 San Francisco streetcar strike
2493:1912 Forsyth County racial conflict
1972:in the history of the United States
1833:Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works
1796:St. Michael's Roman Catholic Church
912:"Botto House/American Labor Museum"
829:, Cambridge University Press, 2002.
3277:1910s strikes in the United States
2470:Pensacola streetcar strike of 1908
2287:St. Louis streetcar strike of 1900
2264:Copper Country strike of 1913–1914
2060:Pittsburgh railroad strike of 1877
1380:Education Workers Industrial Union
1060:1912 New York City waiters' strike
534:. It is commemorated today at the
14:
2138:Baltimore railroad strike of 1877
1734:Cathedral of St. John the Baptist
1591:Old Great Falls Historic District
1418:Agricultural Workers Organization
3231:1914 Butte, Montana, labor riots
3226:Pacific Coast race riots of 1907
2111:Pressed Steel Car strike of 1909
1717:Passaic County Community College
1244:
1039:Pressed Steel Car strike of 1909
566:
552:
460:Pageant in Madison Square Garden
140:Textile strikes in United States
3302:History of Paterson, New Jersey
3282:1913 labor disputes and strikes
3051:1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike
2612:Wilmington insurrection of 1898
2179:Chicago railroad strike of 1877
2042:New York City Food Riot of 1917
1423:Lumber Workers Industrial Union
1191:Stockton cannery strike of 1937
1171:1922 New England Textile Strike
1003:Industrial Workers of the World
409:Industrial Workers of the World
344:Industrial Workers of the World
334:involving silk mill workers in
3297:Economic history of New Jersey
2214:1905 Chicago teamsters' strike
2106:Anthracite coal strike of 1902
2037:1874 Tompkins Square Park riot
1181:1927–1928 Colorado Coal Strike
1176:1923 San Pedro maritime strike
1:
2821:Battle of the Grapevine Creek
2810:Great Railroad Strike of 1877
2282:1877 St. Louis general strike
2219:Springfield race riot of 1908
2002:1880 Garret Rock May Day riot
1695:Paterson Catholic High School
1080:1913 El Paso smelters' strike
1034:1907 Skowhegan textile strike
367:
3322:Labor disputes in New Jersey
2630:Enid–Pond Creek Railroad War
2536:New Orleans Massacre of 1866
2148:1912 Lawrence textile strike
1818:1835 Paterson textile strike
1463:Western Federation of Miners
1055:1912 Lawrence textile strike
916:Pietro and Maria Botto House
582:1835 Paterson textile strike
536:Pietro and Maria Botto House
515:American Federation of Labor
2116:Philadelphia general strike
1756:Great Falls (Passaic River)
1744:Garret Mountain Reservation
1683:John F. Kennedy High School
1222:2018–2019 Education strikes
1207:1964 Mount Isa Mines strike
1029:First Convention of the IWW
244:Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills
3343:
2932:San Francisco riot of 1877
2860:Meridian race riot of 1871
2571:1891 New Orleans lynchings
2488:1906 Atlanta race massacre
2317:1909 Omaha anti-Greek riot
1766:Passaic County Court House
1647:Paterson Police Department
649:The Samuel Gompers Papers.
618:Tripp, Anne Huber (1987).
592:New Jersey Digital Highway
471:
18:
2415:Election Massacre of 1874
2065:Reading Railroad Massacre
2007:1913 Paterson silk strike
1924:
1828:1913 Paterson silk strike
1823:1902 Paterson silk strike
1712:Danforth Memorial Library
1678:International High School
1476:
1375:Burgerville Workers Union
1365:
1242:
1186:1933 Yakima Valley strike
1100:1913 Ipswich Mills strike
1085:1913 Paterson silk strike
587:1902 Paterson silk strike
328:1913 Paterson silk strike
146:
37:
21:1902 Paterson silk strike
3092:Battle of Lincoln (1878)
3026:Honolulu Courthouse riot
2965:Preparedness Day Bombing
2697:Memphis massacre of 1866
2642:McIntosh County Seat War
2335:Cincinnati riots of 1884
2292:St. Louis bullfight riot
1926:This list is incomplete.
1786:Public School Number Two
1637:Paterson Fire Department
1453:Glossary of Wobbly terms
627:Paul, Catherine (2018).
2838:West Virginia coal wars
2781:Slocum Massacre of 1910
2559:Battle of Liberty Place
2445:Hartford coal mine riot
2235:East St. Louis massacre
2071:Scranton general strike
1663:Paterson Public Schools
1480:Organized Labour portal
1400:United Campaign Workers
1395:Starbucks Workers Union
1217:2011 Wisconsin protests
574:Organized labour portal
384:Lawrence textile strike
3001:Colorado Coalfield War
2827:Tucker County Seat War
2763:Jaybird–Woodpecker War
2714:Battle of Depot Street
2077:1877 Shamokin uprising
1916:Spanish Transportation
1673:Garrett Morgan Academy
1271:Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
1166:Anaconda Road massacre
1140:Seattle General Strike
1105:1913 Studebaker strike
469:
436:
404:
374:
352:Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
54:Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
3175:Rock Springs massacre
3110:Hells Canyon Massacre
2937:Mussel Slough Tragedy
2921:Anti-Chinese violence
2757:San Elizario Salt War
2678:Phoenix election riot
2636:Brooks–McFarland feud
2346:May Day riots of 1894
1901:Broadway Bus Terminal
1232:2021 Frito-Lay strike
1227:Lyft and Uber strikes
877:Golin, Steve (1992).
605:Golin, Steve (1988).
538:National Landmark in
501:Madison Square Garden
467:
434:
402:
365:
3145:Seattle riot of 1886
2792:Houston riot of 1917
2648:Green Corn Rebellion
2581:Robert Charles riots
2517:French–Eversole feud
1911:Paterson NJT station
1668:Eastside High School
1521:Paterson, New Jersey
1331:Industrial democracy
1130:Green Corn Rebellion
336:Paterson, New Jersey
293:Lewiston-Auburn shoe
75:Paterson, New Jersey
33:Paterson silk strike
3140:Tacoma riot of 1885
2995:Colorado Labor Wars
2896:Pleasant Valley War
2815:Lincoln County feud
2769:Reese–Townsend feud
1458:Little Red Songbook
1346:Solidarity unionism
1336:Industrial unionism
952:. September 6, 1934
844:1500 to the Present
540:Haledon, New Jersey
497:Robert Edmond Jones
441:Clifton, New Jersey
281:Los Angeles garment
199:New York shirtwaist
3287:1913 in New Jersey
3210:Fence Cutting Wars
3181:Johnson County War
3116:Sheepshooters' War
3086:Lincoln County War
3056:Deep Creek murders
2989:Colorado Range War
2959:Wheatland hop riot
2902:Bisbee Deportation
2775:Brownsville affair
2739:Sutton–Taylor feud
2565:Thibodaux massacre
2553:Coushatta massacre
2541:Opelousas massacre
2464:Barber–Mizell feud
2351:Akron riot of 1900
2196:Illinois coal wars
1776:Paterson City Hall
1761:Hinchliffe Stadium
1448:Free speech fights
1145:Centralia massacre
1125:Bisbee Deportation
1070:Wheatland hop riot
922:on August 15, 2010
470:
437:
405:
375:
85:Eight-hour workday
46:Patrick L. Quinlan
3264:
3263:
3239:
3238:
3187:Spring Creek raid
3080:Colfax County War
2943:Castaic Range War
2873:
2872:
2733:Early–Hasley feud
2439:Brooks–Baxter War
2386:
2385:
2367:Bay View massacre
2259:1894 Detroit riot
2254:1891 Detroit riot
2156:
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2100:Lattimer massacre
2088:Morewood massacre
1931:
1930:
1847:Culture and Media
1537:Downtown Paterson
1487:
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1436:
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1159:1920s & 1930s
560:New Jersey portal
418:Andrew F. McBride
321:
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3244:Related articles
3156:Everett massacre
3150:Bellingham riots
2884:
2855:Greene–Jones War
2786:Boyce–Sneed feud
2751:Mason County War
2672:Hamburg massacre
2511:Rowan County War
2397:
2311:Camp Dump strike
2202:Battle of Virden
2184:Haymarket affair
2167:
2094:Homestead strike
1990:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1935:
1801:Barnert Hospital
1739:Center City Mall
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1500:
1491:
1481:
1363:
1358:
1318:
1248:
1115:Everett massacre
1090:Paterson pageant
1019:
1014:
1004:
995:
988:
981:
972:
966:
965:
959:
957:
942:
936:
935:
929:
927:
918:. Archived from
908:
902:
901:
899:
897:
874:
868:
865:
859:
853:
847:
836:
830:
823:
814:
808:
802:
796:
790:
784:
778:
772:
766:
760:
754:
748:
742:
736:
730:
724:
718:
712:
703:
697:
691:
685:
679:
673:
667:
661:
650:
647:
632:
623:
614:
612:
576:
571:
570:
562:
557:
556:
555:
474:Paterson pageant
372:
369:
227:
180:North Adams shoe
174:New England shoe
141:
133:
126:
119:
110:
42:
30:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3312:Silk production
3267:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3235:
3192:
3161:
3121:
3096:
3066:
3037:
3012:
3007:Ludlow Massacre
2970:
2907:
2869:
2843:
2796:
2719:
2683:
2653:
2616:
2606:Kirk–Holden war
2592:
2547:Colfax massacre
2522:
2497:
2474:
2450:
2425:
2382:
2355:
2321:
2297:
2268:
2240:
2229:Aldermen's wars
2152:
2126:
2082:Pittsburgh riot
2046:
2025:Mamaroneck riot
2011:
1979:
1962:
1932:
1927:
1920:
1889:
1842:
1806:
1781:Paterson Museum
1771:Paterson Armory
1722:
1705:Other education
1700:
1651:
1625:
1523:
1518:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1432:
1404:
1356:
1350:
1316:
1310:
1296:Matilda Robbins
1249:
1236:
1195:
1154:
1095:Hopedale strike
1043:
1012:
1006:
1002:
999:
969:
955:
953:
944:
943:
939:
925:
923:
910:
909:
905:
895:
893:
891:
876:
875:
871:
866:
862:
854:
850:
837:
833:
824:
817:
809:
805:
797:
793:
785:
781:
773:
769:
761:
757:
749:
745:
737:
733:
725:
721:
713:
706:
698:
694:
686:
682:
674:
670:
662:
653:
648:
644:
640:
635:
626:
617:
604:
600:
572:
565:
558:
553:
551:
548:
523:
510:
476:
462:
397:
370:
360:
324:
323:
322:
317:
299:Montreal Cotton
225:
205:Chicago garment
142:
139:
137:
77:
65:
44:Strike leaders
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3340:
3338:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3269:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3212:
3207:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3184:
3178:
3171:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3153:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3131:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3113:
3106:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3083:
3076:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3029:
3022:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2986:
2980:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2962:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2940:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2917:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2899:
2892:
2890:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2835:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2745:Las Cuevas War
2742:
2736:
2729:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2711:
2708:Coal Creek War
2705:
2699:
2693:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2661:
2659:South Carolina
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2633:
2626:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2602:
2600:
2598:North Carolina
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2584:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2514:
2507:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2460:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2442:
2435:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2417:
2412:
2409:Eutaw massacre
2405:
2403:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2307:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2289:
2284:
2278:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2250:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2190:Pullman Strike
2187:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2028:
2021:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1938:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1895:
1894:Transportation
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1880:
1872:
1864:
1858:
1855:The Arab Voice
1850:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1749:Lambert Castle
1741:
1736:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1616:Totowa section
1613:
1608:
1606:South Paterson
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1533:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1494:
1485:
1484:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1444:
1442:
1441:Related topics
1438:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1414:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1320:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1266:Eugene V. Debs
1263:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1212:Redwood Summer
1209:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1025:
1023:
1016:
1008:
1007:
1000:
998:
997:
990:
983:
975:
968:
967:
950:New York Times
937:
903:
889:
869:
860:
848:
831:
815:
813:, p. 222.
803:
791:
779:
767:
755:
743:
731:
719:
704:
692:
690:, p. 214.
680:
668:
651:
641:
639:
636:
634:
633:
624:
615:
601:
599:
596:
595:
594:
589:
584:
578:
577:
563:
547:
544:
522:
519:
509:
506:
480:Walter Lippman
472:Main article:
461:
458:
449:general strike
396:
393:
380:Class division
359:
356:
346:(IWW) leaders
340:eight-hour day
319:
318:
316:
315:
308:
307:
303:
302:
296:
290:
284:
277:
276:
272:
271:
265:
259:
253:
247:
241:
235:
229:
220:
214:
208:
202:
196:
189:
188:
184:
183:
177:
171:
165:
159:
152:
151:
147:
144:
143:
138:
136:
135:
128:
121:
113:
105:
104:
102:demonstrations
91:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
73:
71:
67:
66:
43:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3339:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3204:Railroad Wars
3202:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:(1860s–1890s)
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2802:West Virginia
2799:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2340:Reservoir war
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1596:People's Park
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1564:Eastside Park
1562:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1529:Neighborhoods
1526:
1522:
1515:
1510:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1482:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1396:
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1353:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1341:One Big Union
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1326:Dual unionism
1324:
1323:
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1319:
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1136:
1135:Tulsa Outrage
1133:
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1128:
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1118:
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890:9781566390057
886:
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835:
832:
828:
822:
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816:
812:
807:
804:
801:, p. 87.
800:
795:
792:
789:, p. 63.
788:
783:
780:
777:, p. 45.
776:
771:
768:
765:, p. 58.
764:
759:
756:
753:, p. 14.
752:
747:
744:
741:, p. 13.
740:
735:
732:
729:, p. 12.
728:
723:
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716:
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414:textile mills
410:
401:
394:
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388:
385:
381:
364:
357:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
332:work stoppage
329:
313:
312:NYC Chinatown
310:
309:
305:
304:
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297:
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279:
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257:
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251:
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245:
242:
239:
238:Ipswich Mills
236:
233:
232:Paterson silk
230:
224:
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72:
68:
63:
59:
58:Adolph Lessig
55:
51:
47:
41:
36:
31:
26:
22:
3088:(1878; 1881)
2702:Pulaski riot
2052:Pennsylvania
2031:Orange Riots
2006:
1969:civil unrest
1882:
1874:
1866:
1853:
1827:
1621:Wrigley Park
1547:Little Italy
1409:
1301:Carlo Tresca
1291:Lucy Parsons
1286:Frank Little
1276:Bill Haywood
1084:
961:
954:. Retrieved
949:
940:
931:
924:. Retrieved
920:the original
906:
894:. Retrieved
879:
872:
863:
851:
843:
839:
834:
826:
806:
794:
782:
770:
758:
746:
734:
722:
695:
683:
678:, p. 3.
671:
666:, p. 6.
645:
619:
608:
530:
527:
524:
511:
477:
454:
446:
438:
426:Bill Haywood
422:
406:
389:
376:
348:Bill Haywood
327:
325:
231:
217:Little Falls
62:Bill Haywood
50:Carlo Tresca
25:
3217:(1870–1920)
3206:(1864–1912)
3183:(1889–1893)
3118:(1895–1906)
3082:(1873–1888)
3034:(1893–1894)
3003:(1913–1914)
2997:(1903–1904)
2945:(1890–1916)
2898:(1882–1892)
2840:(1912–1921)
2829:(1888–1893)
2817:(1878–1890)
2788:(1911–1912)
2771:(1898–1907)
2765:(1888–1889)
2759:(1877–1878)
2753:(1875–1876)
2741:(1868–1876)
2735:(1865–1869)
2710:(1891–1892)
2644:(1907–1909)
2638:(1896–1902)
2632:(1893–1894)
2587:Grabow riot
2519:(1887–1894)
2513:(1884–1887)
2422:(1892–1893)
2420:Mitcham War
2231:(1916–1921)
2198:(1898–1900)
2033:(1870–1871)
1719:Main Campus
1611:Stoney Road
1552:Little Lima
1150:Bisbee Riot
1065:Grabow riot
488:Mabel Dodge
484:Max Eastman
371: 1906
306:1980s–2000s
275:1930s–1970s
262:New Bedford
250:New England
187:1900s–1920s
3271:Categories
3215:Sheep wars
3127:Washington
3072:New Mexico
3032:Black Week
2913:California
1994:New Jersey
1884:The Record
1868:Lean on Me
1630:Government
1601:Sandy Hill
1317:Philosophy
1306:Ben Legere
1200:After 1940
811:Tripp 1987
799:Tripp 1987
787:Tripp 1987
775:Tripp 1987
763:Tripp 1987
751:Golin 1988
739:Golin 1988
727:Golin 1988
715:Tripp 1987
700:Tripp 1987
688:Tripp 1987
676:Golin 1988
664:Golin 1988
638:References
358:Background
268:Loray Mill
168:Mill Women
156:Mill Women
2689:Tennessee
2528:Louisiana
2208:Pana riot
1985:Northeast
1976:1865–1918
1727:Landmarks
1586:Northside
1576:Hillcrest
896:April 24,
856:Paul 2018
492:John Reed
246:1914–1915
219:1912–1913
193:Skowhegan
2976:Colorado
2622:Oklahoma
2503:Kentucky
2431:Arkansas
2303:Nebraska
2274:Missouri
2246:Michigan
2171:Illinois
2017:New York
1876:Paterson
1861:Paterson
1803:(closed)
1697:(closed)
1581:Lakeview
1559:Eastside
1357:Sections
1281:Joe Hill
963:Workers.
956:July 30,
926:July 30,
546:See also
287:National
223:Hopedale
211:Lawrence
162:Paterson
70:Location
3167:Wyoming
2888:Arizona
2480:Georgia
2456:Florida
2401:Alabama
2162:Midwest
1906:Bridges
1811:History
1656:Schools
1410:Extinct
1013:History
598:Sources
256:Passaic
98:protest
94:Strikes
90:Methods
3197:Others
3189:(1909)
3177:(1885)
3158:(1916)
3152:(1907)
3112:(1887)
3102:Oregon
3058:(1896)
3028:(1874)
3018:Hawaii
3009:(1914)
2991:(1900)
2967:(1916)
2961:(1913)
2939:(1880)
2904:(1917)
2848:Others
2823:(1888)
2777:(1906)
2747:(1875)
2716:(1897)
2704:(1868)
2680:(1898)
2674:(1876)
2650:(1917)
2608:(1870)
2589:(1912)
2583:(1900)
2567:(1887)
2561:(1874)
2555:(1874)
2549:(1873)
2543:(1868)
2466:(1870)
2447:(1914)
2441:(1874)
2411:(1870)
2369:(1886)
2360:Others
2342:(1887)
2313:(1882)
2294:(1904)
2237:(1917)
2210:(1899)
2204:(1898)
2192:(1894)
2186:(1886)
2131:Others
2118:(1910)
2102:(1897)
2096:(1892)
2090:(1891)
2084:(1886)
2073:(1877)
2067:(1877)
2027:(1870)
1879:(film)
1871:(film)
1863:(poem)
1542:Dublin
1254:People
887:
521:Legacy
508:Defeat
490:, and
395:Strike
330:was a
226:
60:, and
3043:Idaho
2725:Texas
2392:South
1965:Riots
1642:Mayor
1048:1910s
1022:1900s
150:1800s
82:Goals
2879:West
2327:Ohio
1967:and
958:2010
928:2010
898:2016
885:ISBN
531:Reds
407:The
350:and
326:The
314:1982
301:1946
295:1937
289:1934
283:1933
270:1929
264:1928
258:1926
252:1922
240:1913
234:1913
228:1913
213:1912
207:1910
201:1909
195:1907
182:1870
176:1860
170:1836
164:1835
158:1834
3273::
960:.
948:.
930:.
914:.
842::
818:^
707:^
654:^
486:,
482:,
368:c.
354:.
100:,
96:,
56:,
52:,
48:,
1978:)
1974:(
1957:e
1950:t
1943:v
1513:e
1506:t
1499:v
994:e
987:t
980:v
900:.
858:.
631:.
373:.
132:e
125:t
118:v
64:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
