411:
609:
345:
17:
117:
593:, agreed to take the position. Trip was also present at the meeting, but expressed willingness to accept the Minister of Finance post only if no one else took it. Trip strongly opposed the proposed budgets for the War and Navy departments, arguing for significant reductions. Despite discussions during the meeting, Trip maintained his stance on budget limitations. Around 3 p.m., as it became clear that no compromise could be reached, he left the meeting.
537:
652:. He believed that the anti-revolutionaries, especially Idenburg, should not join a cabinet led by Catholics. On 6 September, upon learning that the right-wing cabinet was nearing completion, Kuyper expressed dissatisfaction towards Idenburg, Colijn, and Heemskerk. Given Kuyper's popularity among Anti-Revolutionary supporters, there was concern that his discontent expressed in De Standaard could jeopardize the formation process.
1366:
656:
Colijn also visited him. The outcome was more positive, but still without a firm commitment. Ultimately, the cabinet proceeded with confidence only after Colijn, who like Kuyper held considerable sway within the ARP, agreed to publicly support the cabinet if Kuyper criticised it unfavorably. On 9 September Ruijs de
Beerenbrouck reported the formation result to the queen. That same afternoon, the
548:
he could remain an unpaid director of the
Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij alongside prime minister. Although Lohman and Van der Voort van Zijp saw some merit in this, Nolens and Cort van der Linden reacted negatively, as this would mean that the leader of the cabinet would be associated with a "capitalist-imperialist" enterprise. Consequently, Colijn declined the assignment on 20 August.
455:
556:. The remaining option was to form a right-wing cabinet, with the question of who should be the prime minister still unresolved. The candidates were Ruijs de Beerenbrouck and Heemskerk. Eventually, the CHU parliamentary group dropped their objections to Ruijs de Beerenbrouck. On 29 August, the queen appointed Ruijs de Beerenbrouck as formateur.
565:
597:
from within their ranks, and they were reluctant to accept another
Catholic minister. There was a brief consideration to offer Heemskerk the Finance portfolio instead of Justice, but no suitable candidate was available for the latter role either. Queen Wilhelmina attempted to persuade De Geer without success. ARP MP
403:. Given the election results, Idenburg pushed for a mixed cabinet, formed by a left-wing statesman with some support from the right, but without a prominent role for the ARP. He feared that a disappointing right-wing cabinet, lacking a real majority, would harm the ARP and CHU electorally The CHU, led by
596:
The search for a replacement in the
Finance portfolio posed a serious risk to the entire formation process. De Geer, who was unavailable for this role, was considered as a backup at Lohman's request. However, the anti-revolutionaries and Christian historicals could not identify a suitable alternative
576:
On 30 August, Ruijs began talks with former formateur Nolens and other key figures like Colijn, Idenburg, and
Heemskerk. Building on Nolens's groundwork, Ruijs filled most ministerial positions. He had a constructive discussion with Lohman, a long-time opponent of his appointment, and asked Lohman to
547:
Immediately after Nolens's assignment ended, the formateurship was offered to Lohman, who again refused. It was arranged that she would publicly offer him the assignment, allowing him to refuse it the next day. The next day, the queen privately offered the formateurship to Colijn, who agreed only if
655:
On 7 September, Ruijs de
Beerenbrouck contacted Kuyper and visited him in an attempt to address these concerns. The meeting was cordial, but Kuyper remained firm in his view that the ARP should not participate in the cabinet and could not promise support. The following day, Kuyper's party colleague
528:
prime minister. However, it was not until 15 August that Van Nispen arrived in The Hague, where he declined the premiership due to health reasons. The queen then sought the freedom to appoint a new formateur — considering Colijn herself — and requested Nolens to return his assignment on 19 August.
588:
On 2 September, the prospective ministers of the nearly completed cabinet gathered for a meeting. The session began with the announcement that W.C.J. Smit would decline the position of
Minister of the Navy. W.J.G. van Umgrove was approached as a replacement but declared during the meeting that he
466:
Nolens wanted a
Catholic formateur. Although he was willing to take on the role himself, being a Catholic priest made this an unlikely choice, and he did not want a position in the cabinet. The idea of a Catholic formateur — and especially a prime minister — was very sensitive for the ARP. Nolens
527:
Despite the objections, Nolens asked Ruijs on 27 July if he was willing to become prime minister. Ruijs wanted time to consider and did not immediately respond. On 30 July, the Queen herself appeared to have approached Van Nispen to return to the
Netherlands and asked if he was willing to become
551:
In the final conversation, Colijn mentioned that the ARP parliamentary group questioned whether a strong right-wing cabinet could still be formed following the rejections by Nolens, Lohman, and himself. There was also discussions about a mixed cabinet. The queen urged the parliamentary group to
422:
After consulting her permanent advisors and the right-wing parliamentary group leaders, Wilhelmina instructed the three right-wing parliamentary group leaders to reach a joint recommendation. During a meeting on 9 July, these leaders suggested exploring the possibility of forming a right-wing
552:
decide quickly. On 23 August, the ARP majority supported a mixed cabinet. However, Nolens indicated that the RKSP would oppose such a cabinet. After Colijn relayed this, the parliamentary group reconsidered, refraining from ruling out a right-wing cabinet. Catholics also opposed an
668:
After the formation of the cabinet, Kuyper commented on it in De
Standaard, though he refrained from launching a direct attack. The narrow majority led to several ministerial crises, ultimately resulting in the cabinet's collapse in 1921. Following another round of
467:
rejected the proposal to appoint Lohman alongside him. Subsequently, Lohman and Nolens suggested making Idenburg the formateur and prime minister. Idenburg declined, stating that he might accept the minister of Colonial Affairs, given his experience as a former
490:, from which Education would be split off. Lohman then effectively began working as a formateur. However, he soon had second thoughts and informed Nolens on 21 July that he would definitively renounce the premiership.
87:
desired a new government. She believed the current cabinet was exhausted, particularly concerning food supply issues. Before the elections, she discussed the formation of a new cabinet with ARP politician
946:
475:
513:
424:
487:
410:
486:, but he did not gain Nolens's support. On 17 July, Nolens agreed, under certain conditions, that the 81-year-old Lohman could assume the prime ministership combined with the
407:, who had strong connections with Idenburg, Heemskerk, and Colijn, opposed Idenburg's plan, particularly the expectation that the CHU would support such a mixed cabinet.
939:
329:
147:
1400:
1369:
932:
207:
127:
1266:
468:
177:
1359:
493:
Although the search for a prime minister stalled, candidates were approached for several ministerial posts. Former Catholic Member of Parliament
501:(CHU) was willing to remain in the new cabinet, although this was later objected to by the Queen. For the Finance portfolio, Nolens approached
377:
1341:
1336:
1316:
1091:
157:
471:, but this was incompatible with the premiership. With Idenburg's refusal, Wilhelmina gave the formateur assignment to Nolens on 13 July.
657:
83:, was in power. Despite some right-wing and left-wing politicians advocating for the cabinet's continuity due to the ongoing war, queen
44:
24:
400:
361:
89:
20:
1271:
912:
105:
1006:
608:
1395:
1354:
582:
227:
648:
167:
581:
for the Ministry of Education, which De Visser accepted. However, De Jonge refused to continue as Minister of War. Catholic
439:
1171:
1166:
1011:
569:
479:
415:
308:. As a result, many smaller parties gained representation in the House. The right-wing parties, collectively known as the
237:
84:
474:
Nolens's primary task was to find a prime minister to whom he could transfer the formateurship. He proposed the Catholic
1331:
1326:
1321:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1261:
1256:
1226:
1181:
1176:
1106:
1081:
1076:
1056:
971:
670:
631:
498:
404:
365:
93:
1251:
1216:
1126:
1116:
1021:
1001:
598:
674:
578:
553:
333:
325:
301:
297:
257:
76:
40:
396:
509:
399:
led the ARP parliamentary group in the House of Representatives, but the formation efforts were primarily driven by
321:
313:
287:
277:
101:
80:
72:
56:
48:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1221:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1121:
1111:
1096:
1086:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1016:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
966:
1390:
317:
267:
52:
955:
590:
431:
369:
309:
247:
137:
32:
520:, was invited to join the Ministry of Foreign Affairs but turned down the offer. CHU Member of Parliament
344:
602:
601:
was approached next but declined as well. Eventually, after pressure was applied, Amsterdam councillor
16:
896:
585:
was approached but only accepted if the department would not be merged with the Ministry of the Navy.
635:
459:
392:
357:
505:
217:
305:
187:
908:
613:
502:
494:
349:
116:
521:
336:(LU, 6 seats), also totalling 50 seats. As a result, no clear majority combination emerged.
442:(BVL), Fock recommended on 12 July the formation of a right-wing cabinet led by a Catholic
618:
482:, but this was rejected by Colijn and Lohman. Lohman introduced former ARP Prime Minister
353:
68:
901:
Colijn en het einde van de coalitie I. De geschiedenis van de kabinetsformaties 1918-1924
536:
643:
627:
623:
540:
483:
435:
381:
97:
1384:
197:
120:
Seat composition of the newly elected House of Representatives during the formation:
423:
cabinet, contingent on the left's rejection of participation. Wilhelmina then asked
96:, both of whom rejected the plan. She also attempted to appoint former ARP minister
373:
905:
Colijn and the end of the coalition I. The history of cabinet formations 1918-1924
589:
would not accept the role. Eventually, naval officer and sympathizer of the CHU,
324:(CHU, 7 seats), together securing 50 seats. The left-wing parties, known as the
36:
104:, but he declined, citing his inability to abruptly resign as director of the
443:
427:
924:
642:
During the formation process, former Prime Minister and ARP party chairman
454:
564:
673:, it was reconstructed and continued in office until shortly after the
646:
wielded influence, particularly through his role as editor-in-chief of
430:(LU) to gauge the opinions of the left-wing leaders. After consulting
389:
497:
expressed interest in becoming Minister of Labour. Minister of War
607:
563:
535:
453:
409:
343:
115:
15:
517:
928:
860:
858:
524:
was considered for the Education portfolio but also declined.
875:
873:
384:
depicted as cats walking around the hot mess ("ministry").
605:(ARP) reluctantly agreed to become Minister of Finance.
388:
The RKSP, led in the House of Representatives by the
43:. The formation led to the swearing-in of the
940:
8:
626:bowls pins with the heads of, among others,
947:
933:
925:
879:
864:
849:
837:
825:
813:
801:
789:
777:
765:
753:
741:
729:
717:
705:
693:
583:George August Alexander Alting von Geusau
469:governor-general of the Dutch East Indies
1360:List of Dutch (in)formateurs and scouts
686:
425:speaker of the House of Representatives
440:Alibert Cornelis Visser van IJzendoorn
395:, advocated for a right-wing cabinet.
378:Maximilien Joseph Caspar Marie Kolkman
47:on 9 September 1918, compromising the
7:
1401:Cabinet formation in the Netherlands
907:] (in Dutch). Kampen: J.H. Kok.
675:general election held on 5 July 1922
658:first Ruijs de Beerenbrouck cabinet
45:first Ruijs de Beerenbrouck cabinet
25:first Ruijs de Beerenbrouck cabinet
401:Alexander Willem Frederik Idenburg
362:Alexander Willem Frederik Idenburg
90:Alexander Willem Frederik Idenburg
14:
599:Frederik Herman de Monté verLoren
106:Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij
1365:
1364:
1355:List of Dutch cabinet formations
330:Social Democratic Workers' Party
560:Formateur Ruijs de Beerenbrouck
397:Coenraad van der Voort van Zijp
298:general election of 3 July 1918
41:general election of 3 July 1918
510:Octaaf van Nispen tot Sevenaer
1:
570:Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck
480:Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck
416:Wilhelmina of the Netherlands
356:about the cabinet formation.
328:, comprised among others the
632:Alexander de Savornin Lohman
577:approach CHU party chairman
499:Bonifacius Cornelis de Jonge
405:Alexander de Savornin Lohman
366:Alexander de Savornin Lohman
94:Alexander de Savornin Lohman
73:Netherlands remained neutral
579:Johannes Theodoor de Visser
554:extra-parliamentary cabinet
508:, who ultimately declined.
302:proportional representation
77:Cort van der Linden cabinet
1417:
322:Christian Historical Union
314:Roman Catholic State Party
102:minister without portfolio
81:Pieter Cort van der Linden
57:Christian Historical Union
49:Roman Catholic State Party
1350:
962:
956:Dutch cabinet formations
488:Ministry of the Interior
318:Anti-Revolutionary Party
53:Anti-Revolutionary Party
1396:1918 in the Netherlands
432:Pieter Jelles Troelstra
370:Pieter Jelles Troelstra
639:
638:tries to correct this.
591:Willem Naudin ten Cate
573:
544:
463:
419:
385:
293:
28:
611:
567:
539:
532:Interim consultations
514:envoy to the Holy See
457:
413:
347:
332:(SDAP, 30 seats) and
300:was the first to use
119:
79:, led by the liberal
19:
636:Willem Hubert Nolens
460:Willem Hubert Nolens
393:Willem Hubert Nolens
358:Willem Hubert Nolens
320:(ARP, 13 seats) and
21:Council of Ministers
867:, pp. 135–141.
852:, pp. 133–135.
840:, pp. 131–133.
828:, pp. 130–131.
816:, pp. 109–113.
804:, pp. 102–108.
476:Governor of Limburg
306:electoral districts
92:and CHU politician
792:, pp. 99–102.
640:
603:Simon de Vries Czn
574:
545:
464:
420:
386:
316:(RKSP, 30 seats),
294:
29:
1378:
1377:
780:, pp. 79–89.
756:, pp. 70–76.
744:, pp. 46–54.
732:, pp. 46–48.
720:, pp. 42–47.
696:, pp. 27–34.
671:cabinet formation
622:of 27 July 1918.
614:Johan Braakensiek
503:Treasurer-General
350:Johan Braakensiek
33:cabinet formation
1408:
1391:1918 in politics
1368:
1367:
949:
942:
935:
926:
918:
883:
877:
868:
862:
853:
847:
841:
835:
829:
823:
817:
811:
805:
799:
793:
787:
781:
775:
769:
763:
757:
751:
745:
739:
733:
727:
721:
715:
709:
703:
697:
691:
522:Dirk Jan de Geer
450:Formateur Nolens
285:
275:
265:
255:
245:
235:
225:
215:
205:
195:
185:
175:
165:
155:
145:
135:
125:
112:Election results
1416:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1346:
958:
953:
922:
915:
895:
892:
887:
886:
878:
871:
863:
856:
848:
844:
836:
832:
824:
820:
812:
808:
800:
796:
788:
784:
776:
772:
764:
760:
752:
748:
740:
736:
728:
724:
716:
712:
704:
700:
692:
688:
683:
666:
619:De Amsterdammer
562:
534:
512:, the Catholic
452:
354:De Amsterdammer
342:
312:, included the
292:
291:
283:
281:
273:
271:
263:
261:
253:
251:
243:
241:
233:
231:
223:
221:
213:
211:
203:
201:
193:
191:
183:
181:
173:
171:
163:
161:
153:
151:
143:
141:
133:
131:
123:
114:
71:, in which the
69:First World War
65:
12:
11:
5:
1414:
1412:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1383:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1362:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
963:
960:
959:
954:
952:
951:
944:
937:
929:
920:
919:
913:
891:
888:
885:
884:
882:, p. 141.
880:Puchinger 1970
869:
865:Puchinger 1970
854:
850:Puchinger 1970
842:
838:Puchinger 1970
830:
826:Puchinger 1970
818:
814:Puchinger 1970
806:
802:Puchinger 1970
794:
790:Puchinger 1970
782:
778:Puchinger 1970
770:
768:, p. 130.
766:Puchinger 1970
758:
754:Puchinger 1970
746:
742:Puchinger 1970
734:
730:Puchinger 1970
722:
718:Puchinger 1970
710:
706:Puchinger 1970
698:
694:Puchinger 1970
685:
684:
682:
679:
665:
662:
660:was sworn in.
644:Abraham Kuyper
628:Hendrik Colijn
624:Abraham Kuyper
561:
558:
541:Hendrik Colijn
533:
530:
506:Leonardus Trip
484:Theo Heemskerk
451:
448:
436:Henri Marchant
382:Theo Heemskerk
341:
338:
282:
272:
262:
252:
242:
232:
222:
212:
202:
192:
182:
172:
162:
152:
142:
132:
122:
121:
113:
110:
98:Hendrik Colijn
64:
61:
55:(ARP) and the
35:took place in
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1413:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
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1386:
1371:
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1361:
1358:
1356:
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1120:
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1110:
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1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
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1085:
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1080:
1078:
1075:
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1070:
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1058:
1055:
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1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
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1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
961:
957:
950:
945:
943:
938:
936:
931:
930:
927:
923:
916:
914:9789024215386
910:
906:
902:
898:
897:Puchinger, G.
894:
893:
889:
881:
876:
874:
870:
866:
861:
859:
855:
851:
846:
843:
839:
834:
831:
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819:
815:
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807:
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795:
791:
786:
783:
779:
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771:
767:
762:
759:
755:
750:
747:
743:
738:
735:
731:
726:
723:
719:
714:
711:
708:, p. 42.
707:
702:
699:
695:
690:
687:
680:
678:
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672:
663:
661:
659:
653:
651:
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549:
542:
538:
531:
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525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
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495:Piet Aalberse
491:
489:
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340:Consultations
339:
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334:Liberal Union
331:
327:
326:Concentration
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
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70:
62:
60:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
26:
22:
18:
1272:Sep–Nov 1982
1267:May–Jun 1982
1172:May–Jun 1945
1101:
1012:May–Jun 1866
1007:Jan–Feb 1866
921:
904:
900:
845:
833:
821:
809:
797:
785:
773:
761:
749:
737:
725:
713:
701:
689:
667:
654:
649:De Standaard
647:
641:
617:
595:
587:
575:
550:
546:
526:
492:
473:
465:
421:
387:
374:Willem Treub
295:
66:
51:(RKSP), the
30:
612:Cartoon by
348:Cartoon by
304:instead of
67:During the
37:Netherlands
1385:Categories
890:References
568:Formateur
458:Formateur
438:(VDB) and
108:(B.P.M.).
85:Wilhelmina
63:Background
39:after the
1342:2023–2024
1337:2021–2022
1317:2006–2007
1252:1972–1973
1217:1960–1961
1127:1925–1926
1117:1923–1924
1092:1907–1908
1022:1870–1871
1002:1861–1862
681:Citations
664:Aftermath
444:formateur
428:Dirk Fock
310:Coalition
1370:Category
1167:Feb 1945
899:(1970).
634:, while
434:(SDAP),
543:, 1913.
418:, 1913.
59:(CHU).
23:of the
911:
414:Queen
390:priest
286:
284:
276:
274:
266:
264:
256:
254:
246:
244:
236:
234:
226:
224:
216:
214:
206:
204:
196:
194:
186:
184:
176:
174:
166:
164:
156:
154:
146:
144:
136:
134:
126:
124:
75:, the
903:[
100:as a
1332:2017
1327:2012
1322:2010
1312:2006
1307:2003
1302:2002
1297:1999
1292:1998
1287:1994
1282:1989
1277:1986
1262:1981
1257:1977
1247:1972
1242:1971
1237:1967
1232:1966
1227:1965
1222:1963
1212:1959
1207:1958
1202:1956
1197:1955
1192:1952
1187:1951
1182:1948
1177:1946
1162:1941
1157:1940
1152:1939
1147:1937
1142:1935
1137:1933
1132:1929
1122:1925
1112:1922
1107:1921
1102:1918
1097:1913
1087:1907
1082:1905
1077:1901
1072:1897
1067:1894
1062:1891
1057:1888
1052:1883
1047:1882
1042:1879
1037:1877
1032:1874
1027:1872
1017:1868
997:1861
992:1860
987:1858
982:1856
977:1853
972:1849
967:1848
909:ISBN
630:and
518:Rome
380:and
296:The
290:: 30
288:RKSP
270:: 13
150:: 22
148:SDAP
616:in
516:in
352:in
280:: 7
278:CHU
268:ARP
260:: 6
250:: 4
248:BVL
240:: 3
230:: 5
228:VDB
220:: 1
210:: 1
208:VDW
200:: 1
190:: 1
180:: 1
178:CDP
170:: 1
168:BCS
160:: 1
158:CSP
140:: 2
138:SDP
130:: 1
1387::
872:^
857:^
677:.
478:,
446:.
376:,
372:,
368:,
364:,
360:,
258:LU
238:EB
218:PB
198:NP
188:MP
128:SP
31:A
948:e
941:t
934:v
917:.
572:.
462:.
27:.
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