1033:
98:
28:
112:
479:
296:
1517:
979:
1130:
105:
405:
365:
262:
254:
204:
196:
1064:(rightists and centrists) felt that a strong national government was necessary to prevent a new civil war. Some conservatives, especially monarchists, even wondered if Finland should keep its democratic and universal right to vote (for example
1114:
In the end, enough
Finnish voters sided with the pro-republic parties that also promised significant social reforms, such as the freeing of tenant farmers and the distribution of excess farmland to them.
1396:
2170:
1087:) as the Finnish King in October 1918, but he had renounced the throne in December 1918, conscious of the problems that Finland would have in its relations with the
1019:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
750:
745:
740:
2147:
1505:
1483:
652:
1922:
1261:
946:
942:
926:
893:
2202:
1427:
1219:
1100:
1079:, believed that discontent with Finland's political, social and economic order would be removed by making reforms. Monarchists had elected
768:
599:
452:
321:
1240:
1108:
805:
326:
2165:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
828:
728:
723:
718:
502:
52:
42:
2212:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1384:
1156:
1045:
775:
704:
699:
694:
556:
142:
2207:
1080:
1012:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1498:
669:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
1032:
962:
954:
2109:
1930:
810:
664:
539:
1005:
992:
919:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1065:
2217:
1491:
657:
647:
640:
635:
625:
618:
575:
512:
1744:
1095:
if it had a citizen of the defeated
Germany as its king. The parties that favoured a republic (Social Democrats,
1072:
in May 1918, he called for the giving of
Finland's leadership to a strong leader, free from partisan wrangling).
874:
552:
441:
423:
147:
1198:
1104:
785:
630:
434:
152:
97:
1076:
800:
507:
497:
1177:
1096:
855:
790:
517:
1529:
594:
66:
1940:
1521:
683:
535:
2061:
469:
1103:) disagreed on how much power the head of state (President) should have. The monarchist parties (
836:
569:
122:
1423:
1057:
448:
1061:
295:
603:
545:
478:
1088:
983:
932:
308:
111:
1048:
emerged as the largest in
Parliament with 80 of the 200 seats. Voter turnout was 67%.
2196:
1415:
1092:
132:
127:
815:
795:
562:
430:
1056:
In 1919, Finland was still reeling from the violent and traumatic effects of its
780:
2157:
1129:
104:
1111:) favoured a strong presidency if there was going to be a republic at all.
1069:
1516:
1084:
1041:
1464:, Helsinki: Finnish Literary Society, 2009, pages 756-758, 766-767
1031:
1487:
1397:
List of members of the
Parliament of Finland, 1919–1922
1383:
On 25 July 1919 StĂĄhlberg defeated
Mannerheim in the
2156:
2108:
2060:
1939:
1921:
1743:
1528:
63:
418:
2183:Elections in brackets were not public elections
1499:
1013:
8:
19:
1506:
1492:
1484:
1122:
1020:
1006:
464:
18:
1477:, London, UK: Haus Publishing Ltd, 2009
1068:, in the White Army's victory parade in
1408:
1370:
1357:
1344:
1331:
1318:
1314:
1297:
467:
1075:Liberals, such as the first President
1451:, Helsinki: WSOY, 2003, pages 610-612
1358:
1345:
1332:
1319:
1136:
1040:Parliamentary elections were held in
7:
1522:Elections and referendums in Finland
1420:Elections in Europe: A data handbook
1475:Mannerheim: President, Soldier, Spy
278:
77:
20:1919 Finnish parliamentary election
14:
1081:Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse
1515:
1449:A Small Giant of Finnish History
1128:
1044:between 1 and 3 March 1919. The
977:
477:
404:
403:
364:
363:
294:
261:
260:
253:
252:
203:
202:
195:
194:
110:
103:
96:
26:
1447:Seppo Zetterberg et al., eds.,
70:101 seats needed for a majority
963:Politics of the European Union
786:National Coalition Party (KOK)
658:Regional Administrative Courts
1:
776:Social Democratic Party (SDP)
2203:General elections in Finland
1462:A History of Finland 1&2
806:Swedish People's Party (RKP)
653:Supreme Administrative Court
1418:& Philip Stöver (2010)
1372:Source: Nohlen & Stöver
1066:Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
927:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
894:Wellbeing services counties
503:Declaration of Independence
2234:
1220:National Progressive Party
2213:1919 elections in Finland
2179:
1438:Nohlen & Stöver, p613
1371:
1367:
1359:Registered voters/turnout
1354:
1341:
1328:
1315:
1298:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1127:
416:
274:
74:
36:
24:
2208:1919 elections in Europe
1262:Christian Workers' Union
1199:National Coalition Party
829:Administrative divisions
811:Christian Democrats (KD)
1530:Parliamentary elections
1157:Social Democratic Party
1046:Social Democratic Party
1941:Presidential elections
1385:presidential elections
1241:Swedish People's Party
1109:Swedish People's Party
1037:
943:Diplomatic missions of
1105:National Coalitioners
1077:Kaarlo Juho StĂĄhlberg
1035:
670:Chancellor of Justice
648:Administrative Courts
67:Parliament of Finland
65:All 200 seats in the
1460:Pentti Virrankoski,
453:National Progressive
322:National Progressive
1745:Municipal elections
1473:Jonathan Clements,
1333:Invalid/blank votes
1124:
866:Ekonomiska regioner
816:Movement Now (LIIK)
801:Left Alliance (VAS)
796:Green League (VIHR)
791:Centre Party (KESK)
470:Politics of Finland
333:Last election
159:Last election
21:
2062:European elections
1123:
1038:
984:Finland portal
665:Prosecutor General
435:National Coalition
373:Popular vote
217:Popular vote
153:National Coalition
2218:March 1919 events
2190:
2189:
1428:978-3-8329-5609-7
1376:
1375:
1030:
1029:
920:Foreign relations
900:Hyvinvointialueet
769:Political parties
463:
462:
459:
458:
412:
411:
355:Seat change
339:10.90%, 21 seats
191:Seat change
162:44.79%, 92 seats
59:
58:
2225:
1923:County elections
1520:
1519:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1465:
1458:
1452:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1430:
1413:
1132:
1125:
1022:
1015:
1008:
986:
982:
981:
980:
907:
888:
869:
850:
781:Finns Party (PS)
636:Courts of Appeal
481:
465:
419:
407:
406:
367:
366:
313:Eric von Rettig
298:
264:
263:
256:
255:
206:
205:
198:
197:
167:
166:12.38%, 26 seats
114:
107:
100:
76:
75:
38:
37:
31:
30:
29:
22:
16:General election
2233:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2175:
2152:
2104:
2056:
1935:
1917:
1739:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1482:
1481:
1472:
1468:
1459:
1455:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1393:
1381:
1178:Agrarian League
1121:
1054:
1026:
997:
993:Other countries
978:
976:
975:
968:
967:
959:
951:
939:
922:
912:
911:
908:
897:
896:
889:
878:
877:
870:
859:
858:
851:
840:
839:
831:
821:
820:
771:
761:
760:
757:
733:
709:
686:
675:
674:
641:District Courts
621:
611:
610:
604:Jussi Halla-aho
590:
582:
581:
546:Alexander Stubb
531:
523:
522:
513:Law enforcement
493:
472:
451:
446:
433:
428:
426:before election
417:
344:Seats won
275:
175:Seats won
165:
69:
64:
32:
27:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2231:
2229:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2195:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2114:
2112:
2110:Sámi elections
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2066:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1945:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1927:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1749:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1534:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1488:
1480:
1479:
1466:
1453:
1440:
1431:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1389:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1120:
1117:
1089:United Kingdom
1053:
1050:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1017:
1010:
1002:
999:
998:
996:
995:
989:
988:
987:
970:
969:
966:
965:
958:
957:
950:
949:
938:
937:
936:
935:
933:Elina Valtonen
923:
918:
917:
914:
913:
910:
909:
904:Välfärdsområde
892:
890:
875:Municipalities
873:
871:
854:
852:
835:
832:
827:
826:
823:
822:
819:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
772:
767:
766:
763:
762:
759:
758:
756:
755:
748:
743:
736:
734:
732:
731:
726:
721:
716:
715:Parliamentary:
712:
710:
708:
707:
702:
697:
693:Presidential:
690:
687:
681:
680:
677:
676:
673:
672:
667:
662:
661:
660:
655:
645:
644:
643:
638:
633:
626:General Courts
622:
617:
616:
613:
612:
609:
608:
607:
606:
591:
588:
587:
584:
583:
580:
579:
572:
567:
566:
565:
553:Prime Minister
550:
549:
548:
532:
529:
528:
525:
524:
521:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
494:
491:
490:
487:
486:
483:
482:
474:
473:
468:
461:
460:
457:
456:
449:Kaarlo Castrén
444:after election
442:Prime Minister
438:
424:Prime Minister
414:
413:
410:
409:
401:
396:
392:
391:
388:
385:
381:
380:
377:
374:
370:
369:
361:
356:
352:
351:
348:
345:
341:
340:
337:
334:
330:
329:
324:
319:
315:
314:
311:
309:Oskari Mantere
306:
302:
301:
299:
292:
288:
287:
284:
281:
277:
276:
272:
271:
266:
258:
250:
246:
245:
242:
239:
234:
230:
229:
226:
223:
218:
214:
213:
208:
200:
192:
188:
187:
184:
181:
176:
172:
171:
168:
163:
160:
156:
155:
150:
145:
140:
136:
135:
130:
125:
120:
116:
115:
108:
101:
94:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
72:
71:
61:
60:
57:
56:
50:
48:1–3 March 1919
45:
34:
33:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2230:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1476:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1416:Dieter Nohlen
1412:
1409:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1378:
1364:
1361:
1351:
1348:
1338:
1335:
1325:
1322:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1093:United States
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1034:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1004:
1003:
1001:
1000:
994:
991:
990:
985:
974:
973:
972:
971:
964:
961:
960:
956:
953:
952:
948:
944:
941:
940:
934:
930:
929:
928:
925:
924:
921:
916:
915:
905:
901:
895:
891:
886:
882:
876:
872:
867:
863:
857:
853:
848:
844:
838:
834:
833:
830:
825:
824:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
773:
770:
765:
764:
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753:
749:
747:
744:
742:
738:
737:
735:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
714:
713:
711:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
692:
691:
689:
688:
685:
679:
678:
671:
668:
666:
663:
659:
656:
654:
651:
650:
649:
646:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
631:Supreme Court
629:
628:
627:
624:
623:
620:
615:
614:
605:
601:
598:
597:
596:
593:
592:
586:
585:
577:
573:
571:
568:
564:
561:
560:
558:
554:
551:
547:
544:
543:
541:
537:
534:
533:
527:
526:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
495:
489:
488:
485:
484:
480:
476:
475:
471:
466:
455:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
437:
436:
432:
427:
425:
421:
420:
415:
402:
400:
397:
394:
393:
389:
386:
383:
382:
378:
375:
372:
371:
362:
360:
357:
354:
353:
349:
346:
343:
342:
338:
335:
332:
331:
328:
325:
323:
320:
317:
316:
312:
310:
307:
304:
303:
300:
297:
293:
290:
289:
285:
283:Fourth party
282:
279:
273:
270:
267:
259:
251:
248:
247:
243:
240:
238:
235:
232:
231:
227:
224:
222:
219:
216:
215:
212:
209:
201:
193:
190:
189:
185:
182:
180:
177:
174:
173:
169:
164:
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
133:Hugo Suolahti
131:
129:
128:Santeri Alkio
126:
124:
121:
118:
117:
113:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
91:
87:
85:Second party
84:
81:
78:
73:
68:
62:
55: →
54:
51:
49:
46:
44:
41:←
40:
39:
35:
23:
1733:
1577:
1474:
1469:
1461:
1456:
1448:
1443:
1434:
1419:
1411:
1382:
1113:
1101:Progressives
1083:(a state of
1074:
1055:
1039:
1036:Ballot paper
903:
899:
884:
880:
865:
861:
846:
842:
751:
574:Ministries (
563:Petteri Orpo
508:Human rights
498:Constitution
447:
440:
431:Lauri Ingman
429:
422:
398:
358:
286:Fifth party
268:
236:
220:
210:
178:
123:Väinö Tanner
88:Third party
82:First party
47:
2158:Referendums
1346:Total votes
1320:Valid votes
955:Ambassadors
862:Seutukunnat
856:Sub-regions
589:Legislative
384:Percentage
233:Percentage
2197:Categories
1403:References
1052:Background
947:in Finland
931:Minister:
739:European:
595:Parliament
570:Government
1379:Aftermath
1362:1,438,709
1097:Agrarians
1058:Civil War
843:Maakunnat
684:elections
619:Judiciary
536:President
530:Executive
1391:See also
1091:and the
1070:Helsinki
885:Kommuner
847:Landskap
518:Military
379:116,582
376:123,090
228:151,018
225:189,297
148:Agrarian
1422:, p606
1349:965,872
1323:961,101
1302:961,101
1245:116,582
1224:123,090
1203:151,018
1182:189,297
1161:365,046
1119:Results
1085:Germany
1060:. Many
1042:Finland
837:Regions
682:Recent
600:Speaker
408:1.23pp
390:12.13%
387:12.81%
305:Leader
291:
280:
265:7.32pp
257:6.81pp
244:15.71%
241:19.70%
221:365,046
119:Leader
93:
79:
1426:
1352:100.00
1305:100.00
1282:Others
1266:14,718
1062:Whites
881:Kunnat
395:Swing
318:Party
249:Swing
237:37.98%
139:Party
1365:67.13
1336:4,771
1326:99.51
1299:Total
1285:1,350
1248:12.13
1227:12.81
1206:15.71
1185:19.70
1164:37.98
1146:Seats
1140:Votes
1137:Party
492:State
2171:1994
2166:1931
2148:2023
2143:2019
2138:2015
2133:2011
2128:2007
2123:2003
2118:1999
2100:2024
2095:2019
2090:2014
2085:2009
2080:2004
2075:1999
2070:1996
2052:2024
2047:2018
2042:2012
2037:2006
2032:2000
2027:1994
2022:1988
2017:1982
2012:1978
2007:1968
2002:1962
1997:1956
1992:1950
1986:1946
1979:1943
1972:1940
1966:1937
1961:1931
1956:1925
1950:1919
1931:2022
1913:2021
1908:2017
1903:2012
1898:2008
1893:2004
1888:2000
1883:1996
1878:1992
1873:1988
1868:1984
1863:1980
1858:1976
1853:1972
1848:1968
1843:1964
1838:1960
1833:1956
1828:1953
1823:1950
1818:1947
1813:1945
1808:1936
1803:1933
1798:1930
1793:1928
1788:1925
1783:1924
1778:1923
1773:1922
1768:1921
1763:1920
1758:1919
1753:1918
1734:2027
1728:2023
1723:2019
1718:2015
1713:2011
1708:2007
1703:2003
1698:1999
1693:1995
1688:1991
1683:1987
1678:1983
1673:1979
1668:1975
1663:1972
1658:1970
1653:1966
1648:1962
1643:1958
1638:1954
1633:1951
1628:1948
1623:1945
1618:1939
1613:1936
1608:1933
1603:1930
1598:1929
1593:1927
1588:1924
1583:1922
1578:1919
1573:1917
1568:1916
1563:1913
1558:1911
1553:1910
1548:1909
1543:1908
1538:1907
1424:ISBN
1339:0.49
1288:0.14
1269:1.53
1107:and
1099:and
752:2024
746:2019
741:2014
729:2023
724:2019
719:2015
705:2018
700:2012
695:2006
576:list
557:list
540:list
53:1922
43:1917
1308:200
1233:New
1212:New
1191:+16
1170:–12
1149:+/–
399:new
359:new
350:22
347:26
327:RKP
269:New
211:New
207:16
199:12
186:26
183:42
143:SDP
2199::
1387:.
1275:+2
1254:+1
1251:22
1230:26
1209:28
1188:42
1167:80
945:/
902:,
883:,
864:,
845:,
602::
559:)
542:)
368:1
336:–
179:80
170:–
1988:)
1984:(
1981:)
1977:(
1974:)
1970:(
1952:)
1948:(
1507:e
1500:t
1493:v
1311:0
1294:–
1291:0
1272:2
1143:%
1021:e
1014:t
1007:v
906:)
898:(
887:)
879:(
868:)
860:(
849:)
841:(
578:)
555:(
538:(
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