Knowledge (XXG)

1930 Meuse Valley fog

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25: 101:, was densely populated and had 27 factories. These factories produced zinc, steel, fertilizer, and explosives, amongst many other products. This was added to by large numbers of coal and wood heaters burning due to unseasonably cold weather. There were several thousand cases of illness over the week and the sixty three deaths occurred at the same time, with the first death occurring on 3 December. Fifty-six of the deaths were to the east of 32: 112:(shortness of breath) and the average age of those who died was 62, over a range of ages of 20 to 89 years. The youngest, a 20 year old woman named Louise Dammes, died walking home from a party and may have had undiagnosed asthma that contributed to her death. Cattle in the area were also affected. 123:
Due to a similar(albeit less severe) incident that occurred in a nearby valley in 1911 that killed off many cattle, many farmers in the Meuse Valley fled to the hillside during the first two days of the smog, reducing livestock casualties and likely saving the lives of several farmers as well.
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gas from the nearby factories that was the killer. The exact date of this disaster is unknown. A statue and plaque commemorating those who died were inaugurated in Engis on 2 December 2000.
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Nemery, Benoit; Peter HM Hoet, Abderrahim Nemmar (2001). "The Meuse Valley fog of 1930: an air pollution disaster".
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between 1 December and 5 December, killed 63 people in Belgium owing to a combination of industrial
138: 244: 354: 279: 236: 228: 116:, Danish scientist and the world's leading authority on fluorine, determined that it was the 271: 220: 159: 143: 189:
Roholm, K. (1937). "The fog disaster in the Meuse Valley, 1930: A fluorine intoxication".
224: 308: 165: 63: 248: 89:. The area in the Meuse Valley where the incident occurred, between the cities of 299: 82: 113: 283: 232: 86: 240: 275: 117: 109: 78: 74: 300:
The Meuse Valley fog of 1930: an air pollution disaster. The Lancet
102: 98: 94: 70: 50: 133: 90: 262:Firket, J. (1936). "Fog along the Meuse valley". 8: 206: 204: 184: 182: 180: 176: 7: 264:Transactions of the Faraday Society 66:and a localized weather inversion. 14: 345:Environmental disasters in Europe 97:and centered around the town of 30: 23: 1: 225:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04135-0 31: 371: 340:1930 disasters in Belgium 325:1930 in the environment 155:1966 New York City smog 335:1930 natural disasters 315:Environment of Belgium 108:The main symptom was 60:1930 Meuse Valley fog 16:1930 natural disaster 350:December 1930 events 276:10.1039/TF9363201192 191:J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol 150:Great Smog of London 85:before entering the 46:class=notpageimage| 139:1939 St. Louis smog 219:(9257): 704–708. 362: 288: 287: 259: 253: 252: 208: 199: 198: 186: 160:2013 Harbin smog 144:1948 Donora smog 49:The location of 34: 33: 27: 370: 369: 365: 364: 363: 361: 360: 359: 330:1930 in Belgium 305: 304: 296: 291: 261: 260: 256: 210: 209: 202: 188: 187: 178: 174: 146:(United States) 130: 56: 55: 54: 53:within Belgium. 48: 42: 41: 40: 39: 35: 17: 12: 11: 5: 368: 366: 358: 357: 352: 347: 342: 337: 332: 327: 322: 317: 307: 306: 303: 302: 295: 294:External links 292: 290: 289: 254: 200: 175: 173: 170: 169: 168: 163: 157: 152: 147: 141: 136: 129: 126: 44: 43: 37: 36: 29: 28: 22: 21: 20: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 367: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 312: 310: 301: 298: 297: 293: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 258: 255: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 207: 205: 201: 197:(3): 126–137. 196: 192: 185: 183: 181: 177: 171: 167: 166:Smog in Delhi 164: 162:(China, 2013) 161: 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 131: 127: 125: 121: 119: 115: 111: 106: 104: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 67: 65: 64:air pollution 61: 52: 47: 26: 19: 267: 263: 257: 216: 212: 194: 190: 122: 107: 68: 59: 57: 18: 320:Smog events 83:Netherlands 73:flows from 309:Categories 213:The Lancet 172:References 114:Kaj Roholm 69:The River 284:0014-7672 233:0140-6736 87:North Sea 355:Fluorine 270:: 1192. 241:11247570 128:See also 118:fluorine 81:and the 77:through 110:dyspnea 79:Belgium 282:  249:664860 247:  239:  231:  75:France 245:S2CID 103:Engis 99:Engis 95:Liege 71:Meuse 51:Engis 38:Engis 280:ISSN 237:PMID 229:ISSN 134:Smog 93:and 58:The 272:doi 221:doi 217:357 91:Huy 311:: 278:. 268:32 266:. 243:. 235:. 227:. 215:. 203:^ 195:19 193:. 179:^ 105:. 286:. 274:: 251:. 223::

Index

Map of Belgium showing the location of Engis.
class=notpageimage|
Engis
air pollution
Meuse
France
Belgium
Netherlands
North Sea
Huy
Liege
Engis
Engis
dyspnea
Kaj Roholm
fluorine
Smog
1939 St. Louis smog
1948 Donora smog
Great Smog of London
1966 New York City smog
2013 Harbin smog
Smog in Delhi





doi
10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04135-0

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