163:
134:
153:
122:
1367:
39:
1942:
1995:
978:
on the colony's mainland organized a militia and marched on Bata in support of
Serrano, and Porcel dispatched a force to stop them. The two columns met at Comandachina close to the Ekuku river, they clashed after shouting their respective mottos. Two native soldiers were killed in the action as the
898:
of 1898, further reduced its colonial possessions, while simultaneously increasing
Spanish Guinea's importance as an overseas territory. Exploitation of the colony's natural resources began in earnest, missionaries set up permanent outposts across its territory and the
1024:
before capsizing the following day. The nationalist reinforcements then landed in Bata, quickly seizing control of Río Muni. Most republicans fled to French Congo, some of those who remained were executed while others were deported to the Canary
Islands in November.
194:
1878:
948:
and the
Catholic church) across the colony. Tensions continued to escalate during the course of the summer as bank accounts were frozen and shipments failed to reach the colony.
386:
1277:
1690:
1290:
70:
2123:
2023:
1907:
1037:
during World War II caused the colony to experience shortages in food and medication as well as high inflation. After taking control of the colony the nationalists
2143:
2108:
1517:
968:'s orders, Serrano took over the governorship and imposed martial law, declaring the colony to be at war. Vice-Governor Miguel Hernandez Porcel who was based in
1125:
1532:
1351:
1316:
1949:
1732:
293:
187:
1775:
1985:
2118:
1925:
2080:
1780:
819:
258:
226:
1346:
2075:
1578:
1522:
1510:
1397:
945:
851:
138:
779:
652:
482:
1961:
1796:
1659:
1563:
1473:
1458:
1427:
1270:
847:
252:
246:
180:
1846:
381:
1870:
1834:
1573:
1034:
772:
1850:
1829:
1755:
1644:
1527:
1422:
1412:
1387:
1356:
219:
1045:
the native population. The ideals of nationalism spread among the first generation of emancipated natives, who later led the colony to
1973:
1402:
1770:
1765:
1629:
1619:
1495:
1483:
1463:
1263:
915:
458:
1937:
1855:
1558:
1488:
1321:
900:
472:
425:
264:
2028:
1725:
1500:
910:, colonial policies shifted towards increasing Guinea's economic output. To that end, the government limited the influence of
2133:
2070:
1839:
1634:
1588:
1468:
1407:
1375:
418:
352:
989:, many later traveled Fernando Po. The colony thus became split between the pro-nationalist Fernando Po and the Republican
2018:
1990:
1446:
1432:
1336:
1016:, killing three clergymen and a civilian held on board as prisoners in the process. The republican militiamen manning the
465:
401:
286:
2138:
1809:
1683:
1624:
1602:
1583:
1546:
1392:
1298:
279:
1568:
1478:
1117:
743:
669:
582:
2128:
2050:
1718:
1699:
1664:
1654:
1649:
1614:
1505:
1331:
1231:
696:
633:
477:
238:
1760:
1639:
1366:
927:
875:
723:
623:
589:
496:
234:
1041:
the names of the local districts, legally unified
Fernando Po and Río Muni with the rest of Spain and gradually
895:
1860:
1819:
808:
701:
681:
659:
628:
342:
2113:
2103:
2040:
1966:
1814:
996:
The republicans became practically isolated from their allies, having turned their only available ship, the
969:
907:
858:
on 19 September, later seizing control of the rest of the colony after receiving reinforcements in
October.
755:
738:
604:
396:
310:
126:
638:
2013:
1920:
376:
327:
520:
1804:
935:
803:
793:
733:
502:
322:
332:
2063:
1306:
919:
798:
686:
508:
430:
363:
357:
316:
299:
2045:
887:
883:
879:
787:
760:
728:
706:
561:
549:
537:
406:
337:
2058:
2034:
957:
813:
749:
718:
664:
617:
555:
532:
305:
570:
1188:"The Impact of the Spanish Civil War and the Second World War on Portuguese and Spanish Africa"
1741:
1286:
1218:
1046:
931:
923:
843:
712:
610:
594:
444:
369:
347:
269:
204:
30:
1199:
965:
767:
675:
644:
599:
542:
514:
490:
451:
435:
964:
overthrowing the
Republican Governor-General Sanchez Guerra in a bloodless coup. Following
1930:
1038:
691:
526:
412:
274:
162:
133:
38:
1012:, arrived at Fernando Po. Serrano requisitioned the ship, using it to shell Bata and hit
1008:, armed with a 76 mm gun, a 101 mm gun and ferrying Moroccan nationalist troops from the
1311:
1009:
934:
in the
Spanish mainland, led to confrontations between the supporters of the left wing
891:
871:
839:
64:
854:
forces between
September and October 1936. The nationalists initially took control of
2097:
1954:
867:
1042:
986:
1004:
for
Catholic missionaries and nuns. In October, the nationalist auxiliary cruiser
1710:
1417:
1341:
1001:
990:
1204:
1187:
911:
1255:
1222:
882:. Portuguese slave traders retained the de facto control of the region until
85:
72:
1915:
1893:
1883:
1020:
abandoned hastily the sinking ship, whose hull was assaulted by troops from
886:
was declared its first governor general in 1858. During the course of the
1978:
1888:
576:
172:
1232:"Masters and Servants: The Spanish Civil War in Equatorial Guinea"
961:
855:
152:
121:
1824:
1714:
1259:
176:
1215:
The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 7: From 1905 to 1940
890:, Spain lost significant portions of its territories in the
1118:"La vida marinera del buque «Ciudad de Mahón» (1931-1974)"
1099:
1097:
956:
On 19 September 1936, the chief of the Colonial Guard
894:
to France and Germany. Its disastrous defeat in the
2006:
1906:
1869:
1795:
1788:
1749:
1601:
1545:
1445:
1374:
1297:
979:Republicans emerged victorious. The leaders of the
918:. On 13 July 1936, Spanish nationalist legislator
972:, refused to recognize Serrano. On 23 September,
903:was formed in 1908 to protect its new settlers.
930:in motion four days later. The outbreak of the
23:
1157:
960:Luis Serrano Maranges launched an uprising on
914:Catholic missionaries and legal rights of the
1726:
1271:
1116:Lorenzo, Juan Carlos Diaz (5 February 2017).
980:
973:
939:
188:
43:Location of Spanish Guinea in central Africa.
8:
16:Armed conflict during the Spanish Civil War
1792:
1733:
1719:
1711:
1607:
1551:
1451:
1380:
1278:
1264:
1256:
838:was an armed conflict over the control of
195:
181:
173:
37:
20:
1203:
387:Santuario de Nuestra Señora de la Cabeza
1169:
1145:
1103:
1088:
1076:
1064:
1057:
2124:Naval battles of the Spanish Civil War
2144:Amphibious operations involving Spain
2109:Military history of Equatorial Guinea
1033:The conflict in combination with the
7:
906:Following the establishment of the
1122:Puente de Mando – Juan Carlos Diaz
14:
985:in the mainland were expelled to
874:in 1778, in the aftermath of the
2119:Battles of the Spanish Civil War
1365:
1186:Clarence-Smith, Gervase (1985).
901:Colonial Guard of Spanish Guinea
161:
151:
132:
120:
1128:from the original on 2017-06-19
836:1936 uprising in Spanish Guinea
24:1936 uprising in Spanish Guinea
1192:The Journal of African History
922:was assassinated in Madrid by
1:
878:, between the former and the
1213:Roberts, A. D., ed. (1986).
55:19 September - October 1936
2160:
1035:disruption of global trade
870:established the colony of
2041:Government during the war
1677:
1610:
1554:
1454:
1383:
1363:
1205:10.1017/S0021853700028760
842:during the course of the
214:
144:
113:
47:
36:
28:
1352:Supreme Military Council
1230:Wharton, Barrie (2005).
1789:Political organizations
1332:Francisco Macías Nguema
1124:(in European Spanish).
908:Second Spanish Republic
157:Miguel Hernández Porcel
2024:Evacuation of children
1921:International Brigades
981:
974:
940:
773:Sant Vicenç de Calders
145:Commanders and leaders
2134:September 1936 events
846:. Fought between the
323:Convoy de la Victoria
265:Cuartel de la Montaña
167:Luis Serrano Maranges
1307:Atlantic slave trade
1236:Scripta Mediterranea
896:Spanish–American War
419:Ciudad Universitaria
2139:October 1936 events
2019:Concentration camps
1908:Foreign involvement
1511:Chamber of Deputies
1160:, pp. 310–313.
1158:Clarence-Smith 1985
944:(supporters of the
926:members, setting a
888:Scramble for Africa
880:Kingdom of Portugal
294:German intervention
105:Nationalist victory
82: /
2051:Spanish Revolution
1579:Telecommunications
1317:Colonial governors
958:lieutenant colonel
946:nationalist rebels
876:Treaty of El Pardo
235:July 1936 uprising
2129:Conflicts in 1936
2091:
2090:
1902:
1901:
1742:Spanish Civil War
1708:
1707:
1673:
1672:
1597:
1596:
1541:
1540:
1518:Political parties
1474:Foreign relations
1441:
1440:
1357:2004 coup attempt
1287:Equatorial Guinea
1172:, pp. 48–50.
1091:, pp. 46–47.
1079:, pp. 45–46.
1067:, pp. 43–44.
924:Guardia de Asalto
920:José Calvo Sotelo
916:native population
844:Spanish Civil War
829:
828:
280:Cuartel de Loyola
206:Spanish Civil War
171:
170:
139:Nationalist Spain
109:
108:
31:Spanish Civil War
2151:
1999:
1946:
1926:Non-intervention
1793:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1712:
1693:
1686:
1608:
1552:
1452:
1388:Cities and towns
1381:
1369:
1347:1979 coup d'état
1280:
1273:
1266:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1226:
1209:
1207:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1062:
984:
977:
966:Francisco Franco
943:
928:nationalist coup
515:War in the North
473:3rd Corunna Road
459:2nd Corunna Road
426:1st Corunna Road
353:Sierra Guadalupe
209:
207:
197:
190:
183:
174:
166:
165:
156:
155:
137:
136:
127:Spanish Republic
125:
124:
97:
96:
94:
93:
92:
87:
86:1.583°N 10.350°E
83:
80:
79:
78:
75:
49:
48:
41:
21:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2002:
1993:
1940:
1931:Nyon Conference
1898:
1865:
1784:
1781:List of battles
1745:
1739:
1709:
1704:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1669:
1593:
1537:
1437:
1370:
1361:
1322:Colonial forces
1293:
1284:
1254:
1245:
1243:
1229:
1212:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1168:
1164:
1156:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1131:
1129:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1102:
1095:
1087:
1083:
1075:
1071:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1031:
1022:Ciudad de Mahon
1006:Ciudad de Mahon
954:
864:
832:
831:
830:
825:
820:Final offensive
497:Cape Machichaco
227:List of battles
210:
205:
203:
201:
160:
150:
131:
119:
90:
88:
84:
81:
76:
73:
71:
69:
68:
67:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2157:
2155:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2114:1936 in Africa
2111:
2106:
2104:Spanish Africa
2096:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2014:Army of Africa
2010:
2008:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1988:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1947:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1923:
1918:
1912:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1875:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1801:
1799:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1715:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1695:
1694:
1687:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1533:Prime Minister
1530:
1528:Vice President
1525:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1498:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1413:Municipalities
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1337:Teodoro Obiang
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1312:Spanish Guinea
1309:
1303:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1260:
1253:
1252:
1227:
1210:
1198:(4): 309–326.
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1162:
1150:
1138:
1108:
1106:, p. 543.
1093:
1081:
1069:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1030:
1027:
1010:Canary islands
953:
950:
892:Gulf of Guinea
872:Spanish Guinea
868:Spanish Empire
863:
860:
840:Spanish Guinea
827:
826:
824:
823:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
783:
782:
776:
775:
770:
765:
758:
753:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
672:
667:
662:
656:
655:
649:
648:
641:
636:
631:
629:Cape Cherchell
626:
621:
614:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
580:
573:
568:
567:
566:
565:
564:
552:
547:
546:
545:
540:
535:
523:
521:Cantabrian Sea
511:
506:
499:
494:
487:
486:
485:
475:
469:
468:
462:
461:
456:
455:
454:
440:
433:
428:
423:
422:
421:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
373:
372:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
313:
308:
303:
296:
290:
289:
283:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
255:
250:
242:
241:
231:
230:
223:
215:
212:
211:
202:
200:
199:
192:
185:
177:
169:
168:
158:
147:
146:
142:
141:
129:
116:
115:
111:
110:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
65:Spanish Guinea
63:
61:
57:
56:
53:
45:
44:
34:
33:
26:
25:
19:
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2156:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2005:
1997:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1955:Condor Legion
1953:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1805:Popular Front
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1724:
1722:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1327:1936 uprising
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1171:
1166:
1163:
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1148:, p. 47.
1147:
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1123:
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983:
976:
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951:
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936:Popular Front
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
904:
902:
897:
893:
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884:Carlos Chacón
881:
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837:
822:
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687:3rd Barcelona
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577:2nd Barcelona
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541:
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483:Road massacre
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398:
397:Cerro Muriano
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259:1st Barcelona
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95:
91:1.583; 10.350
66:
62:
59:
58:
54:
51:
50:
46:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
2064:White Terror
2033:
2007:Other topics
1630:Demographics
1620:Coat of arms
1496:Armed Forces
1484:Human rights
1464:Constitution
1326:
1246:11 September
1244:. Retrieved
1239:
1235:
1214:
1195:
1191:
1170:Wharton 2005
1165:
1153:
1146:Wharton 2005
1141:
1130:. Retrieved
1121:
1111:
1104:Roberts 1986
1089:Wharton 2005
1084:
1077:Wharton 2005
1072:
1065:Wharton 2005
1060:
1047:independence
1039:Hispanicized
1032:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1005:
997:
995:
987:French Congo
955:
905:
865:
835:
833:
818:
786:
761:
748:
724:Los Blázquez
711:
682:2nd Belchite
674:
643:
624:1st Belchite
616:
609:
583:
575:
554:
525:
513:
501:
489:
443:
442:
436:
411:
402:Cape Spartel
391:
377:Monte Pelado
362:
328:Almendralejo
315:
298:
257:
245:
225:
218:
114:Belligerents
29:Part of the
2046:Moscow gold
1994: [
1941: [
1871:Nationalist
1744:(1936–1939)
1559:Agriculture
1342:Black Beach
1242:(39): 40–50
1043:emancipated
1018:Fernando Po
1014:Fernando Po
998:Fernando Po
962:Fernando Po
856:Fernando Po
852:nationalist
794:Valsequillo
756:2nd Gandesa
702:1st Gandesa
584:Deutschland
503:Guadalajara
317:Extremadura
89: /
2098:Categories
2059:Red Terror
1894:Alfonsists
1884:Falangists
1797:Republican
1756:Background
1750:Chronology
1645:Literature
1501:Parliament
1398:Ecoregions
1179:References
1132:2021-05-17
982:clericales
975:clericales
941:clericales
862:Background
848:republican
804:La Garriga
744:2nd Mérida
734:Granollers
697:2nd Lérida
670:Cape Palos
660:Valladolid
639:1st Lérida
634:Sabiñánigo
605:Albarracín
509:Pozoblanco
431:Villarreal
338:1st Mérida
300:Guadarrama
239:Revolution
220:Background
1916:Comintern
1776:1938–1939
1635:Education
1589:Transport
1564:Companies
1523:President
1469:Elections
1428:Volcanoes
1408:Provinces
1376:Geography
1223:875518780
1053:Footnotes
1049:in 1968.
1029:Aftermath
1000:, into a
932:civil war
912:Claretian
814:Cartagena
788:Catalonia
762:Cantabria
562:El Mazuco
550:Santander
306:Andalusia
2055:Terrors
2035:Guernica
1979:Viriatos
1974:Portugal
1889:Carlists
1700:Category
1660:Religion
1447:Politics
1433:Wildlife
1418:Río Muni
1291:articles
1126:Archived
991:Río Muni
952:Conflict
729:Alicante
719:Balaguer
665:Alfambra
618:Zaragoza
556:Asturias
538:Guernica
445:Aceituna
382:Talavera
364:Gipuzkoa
333:Sigüenza
60:Location
2081:sidebar
1991:Belarus
1986:Ireland
1950:Germany
1684:Outline
1625:Cuisine
1603:Culture
1584:Tourism
1547:Economy
1459:Cabinet
1403:Islands
1393:Climate
1299:History
809:Minorca
713:Levante
611:Brunete
595:Segovia
590:Almería
533:Durango
358:Córdoba
348:Majorca
343:Badajoz
311:Alcázar
253:Seville
247:Melilla
77:10°21′E
2076:navbox
1665:Sports
1615:Anthem
1574:Mining
1569:Energy
1506:Senate
1479:Health
1423:Rivers
1289:
1221:
1002:prison
799:Xàtiva
739:Bielsa
676:Aragon
645:Teruel
600:Huesca
543:Bilbao
527:Biscay
491:Jarama
478:Málaga
452:Lopera
437:Ursula
413:Madrid
407:Seseña
392:Guinea
275:Oviedo
102:Result
74:1°35′N
2071:Women
2029:Films
1998:]
1962:Italy
1945:]
1691:Index
1655:Music
1650:Media
768:Cabra
707:Segre
692:Caspe
270:Gijón
1938:USSR
1879:CEDA
1835:PSUC
1830:PSOE
1825:POUM
1771:1937
1766:1936
1761:Coup
1640:Flag
1489:LGBT
1248:2020
1219:OCLC
970:Bata
938:and
866:The
850:and
834:The
780:1939
750:Ebro
653:1938
571:Jaén
466:1937
370:Irún
287:1936
52:Date
1967:CTV
1861:PNV
1856:UGT
1851:FAI
1847:CNT
1820:PCE
1810:ERC
1200:doi
2100::
1996:be
1943:ru
1840:UR
1815:IR
1240:26
1238:.
1234:.
1217:.
1196:26
1194:.
1190:.
1120:.
1096:^
993:.
237:/
1849:/
1734:e
1727:t
1720:v
1279:e
1272:t
1265:v
1250:.
1225:.
1208:.
1202::
1135:.
196:e
189:t
182:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
