395:
384:
373:
362:
351:
1241:. At the end of the campaign, the 2nd War Area claimed that 13,770 Japanese killed or wounded. The 1st War Area reported that 5,130 Japanese killed, and seems to have accomplished its mission of tying down Japanese troops in its area of operations. The 8th War Area, after a see-saw campaign, had succeeded in rolling the Japanese back to Baotou in the Battle of Wuyuan. Guerrilla forces in the Hebei-Chahar and Shandong-Guangdong War Area carried out attacks but apparently without decisive results, and in the Shandong peninsula they received a serious counterattack.
1194:. They believed that the Japanese forces were now too dissipated to take and hold new territory and would not be able to launch large offensives unless they received more reinforcements. However, by defending interior lines and with control of the lines of communication, they could still shift forces and launch local offensives to damage Chinese forces or mop up guerrillas in the rear areas. Additionally, during 1939, the Japanese were replacing many of their large four-regiment square Divisions with the smaller three regiment triangular Divisions and weak
339:
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36:
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1174:, in which Chinese forces launched their first major counter-offensive on multiple fronts. Although this offensive failed to achieve its original objectives, some studies have shown that it came as a heavy blow to the Japanese forces, as well as a massive shock to the Japanese military command, which did not expect the Chinese forces to be able to launch an offensive operation on such a large scale.
1219:
Long-hsuen's "History of The Sino-Japanese War" then ends the narrative of the operation with the mention that supply difficulties greatly affected operations because of
Communist raids in their rear area and instigation of revolts, which seized food and forbade it to be sold to the government
1206:
The
Chinese objective in the offensive was to take the initiative by conducting multiple-front attacks to tie down the Japanese forces. They intended to use their position of exterior lines to advantage to prevent the Japanese from launching new local offensives or shifting their forces to
1389:, linking up with Japanese forces across the river to the south. Subsequently, portions of 64th Corps and 2nd Provisional Corps recovered Qingcheng on January 10. Across the river the next day 14th Division of 54th Corps recovered Pajiangkou and to the east
1329:
and
Xinyang. Its main force was to attack in the area of Xinyang and occupy it. Neither of these objectives was achieved despite the commitment of the 31st Army Group. Eastern Hupei Guerrilla force did not advance to the enemy rear areas at Guangshui,
1284:
Japan made heavy use of chemical weapons against China to make up for lack of numbers in combat and because China did not have any poison gas stockpiles of its own to retaliate. Japan also used poison gas against
Chinese Muslim armies at the
1211:, which received all newly trained and reorganized units. Secondary efforts in support of the main efforts or as diversions were to be conducted by 1st, 4th, 8th, Shandong-Jiangsu and Hebei-Chahar War Areas with their existing units.
1228:
area. However, in southwestern Shanxi, the main effort of 2nd War Area and of the whole North China offensive failed to seize the major towns on the railroad or
Japanese strongpoints that were their objectives or to cut the
1177:
By April 1940, the
Japanese army had successfully fought the operation to a halt. However, a Japanese counteroffensive in the northern theater failed to seize Ningxia and was defeated in Suiyuan by Chinese Muslim forces.
1019:
1281:
and Ma
Hongbin defended west Suiyuan, especially in Wuyuan, in 1940. Ma Hongbin commanded the 81st Corps, which suffered heavy casualties, but they eventually repulsed the Japanese and defeated them.
454:
3616:
2969:
4967:
2985:
1781:
Lower half of map 19 showing the Winter offensive 1939-1940 in
Central and South China from Hsu Long-hsuen and Chang Ming-kai, History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) 2nd Ed. ,1971.
1638:
Grunden, Walter E. (2017), "No
Retaliation in Kind: Japanese Chemical Warfare Policy in World War II", in Friedrich, Bretislav; Hoffmann, Dieter; Renn, Jürgen; Schmaltz, Florian (eds.),
1244:
In 1937, the
Chinese government picked up intelligence that the Japanese planned to install a puppet Hui Muslim regime around Suiyuan and Ningxia, and had sent agents to the region. The
1776:
Upper half of Map 19 showing the Winter offensive 1939-1940 in North China. Map 19, from Hsu Long-hsuen and Chang Ming-kai, History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) 2nd Ed. ,1971.
2908:
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2024:
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River North Army accomplished little and was driven back behind the river by December 23, freeing up 13th Division units for use elsewhere. The Japanese held Right Flank Army in the
3312:
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which reported on Japan's planned offensive into the Muslim region in 1938, which predicted that the Japanese would suffer a crushing defeat at the hands of the Muslims.
3284:
2731:
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1317:. The Japanese contained Left Flank Army or (River East Army) far from its final objectives. Southern Honan Army did attack the enemy 3rd Division in the area north of
5101:
2584:
1964:
1005:
3021:
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to check enemy movement along the railroad. They never got near those objectives, leaving the Japanese free to move troops along the rails to meet the other attacks.
2840:
2142:
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3632:
3595:
3572:
3093:
2015:
1985:
440:
3725:
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3581:
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3537:
3305:
1992:
1274:
In Suiyuan, 300 Mongol collaborators serving the Japanese were fought off by a single Muslim who held the rank of major at the Battle of Wulan Obo in April.
4482:
3549:
3461:
3405:
3368:
3361:
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907:
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However, with the restricted frontage, and reinforcements sent from Central China the Japanese were able to shift forces to relieve their forces in South
3454:
2186:
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534:
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1978:
1936:
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1807:
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1957:
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79:
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2616:
2347:
2066:
1971:
1856:
1155:
1123:
485:
4867:
4798:
4623:
3837:
1493:. Vol. 67 of Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia (illustrated ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 55.
783:
722:
568:
4983:
4916:
4129:
4080:
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2045:
507:
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2216:
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1904:
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1835:
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and Meikang. The 4th War Area reported more than 10,300 enemy killed, 100 rifles and large amount of supplies captured.
1750:
5020:
4344:
4296:
3914:
3886:
3739:
3354:
3333:
2854:
2517:
1913:
1597:
1163:
791:
585:
4818:
4022:
2423:
1780:
1775:
50:
44:
1357:
After routing the Japanese force coming from Longxian on January 1, the 54th Corps recaptured that town on the 2nd.
427:
more than 20,000 killed, 9 transport ships damaged or sunk, 11 pieces of assorted artillery captured, ~400 captured,
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4314:
4233:
4178:
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3001:
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2131:
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1870:
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563:
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4087:
3992:
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1943:
1191:
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941:
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529:
1116:
61:
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3489:
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3146:
2806:
2778:
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2494:
2158:
1421:
1331:
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forces. Despite this, the 40th Corps and 27th Corps accomplished their aim of pinning down the Japanese in the
1171:
1128:
808:
465:
101:
1059:
4881:
4825:
4695:
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3173:
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2715:
2262:
2232:
1318:
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1167:
833:
763:
614:
174:
3236:
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4787:
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4192:
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4150:
4073:
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3412:
3389:
2847:
2384:
2124:
2110:
1793:
1346:
873:
814:
749:
647:
2439:
1263:
Muslim puppet state. The next year, however, the Japanese were defeated by the Kuomintang Muslim Gen.
4888:
4743:
4394:
4351:
4321:
4247:
4057:
4036:
2962:
2117:
966:
918:
900:
690:
671:
1614:
1402:
1267:, causing the plan to collapse. His Hui Muslim troops launched further attacks against Japan in the
1230:
5006:
4780:
4658:
4614:
4136:
3270:
3036:
2563:
2393:
2377:
2326:
1208:
1069:
524:
1520:
1378:
1198:. This weakening of forces encouraged the Chinese to plan a large offensive to exploit that fact.
4999:
4832:
4757:
4711:
4681:
4589:
4429:
4094:
3978:
3872:
3823:
3761:
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2901:
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2354:
1661:
1382:
1079:
986:
946:
913:
826:
715:
695:
579:
502:
5044:
1322:
1565:
4990:
4874:
4764:
4704:
4665:
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4580:
4546:
4489:
4443:
4387:
4212:
3950:
3942:
3879:
3732:
3326:
2858:
2503:
2480:
2319:
2298:
2008:
1651:
1571:
1494:
1464:
1342:
1099:
934:
926:
868:
858:
659:
627:
608:
517:
512:
355:
1394:
1370:
1345:
led Hui Muslim, Salar Muslim, and Dongxiang Muslim cavalry to annihilate the Japanese at the
4909:
4902:
4846:
4510:
4275:
4261:
4164:
4101:
4052:
3865:
3718:
3665:
3475:
3426:
3340:
2570:
2547:
2080:
1643:
1417:
1310:
1286:
1092:
997:
863:
768:
728:
702:
641:
633:
619:
573:
549:
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4008:
3999:
3528:
3110:
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2682:
2340:
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1335:
1306:
1207:
concentrate for a large offensive. The main effort was to be by the 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 9th
1074:
1030:
684:
490:
399:
394:
383:
372:
361:
350:
232:
388:
17:
4939:
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2312:
1484:
1249:
666:
544:
377:
187:
5080:
4750:
2675:
2524:
2363:
1682:. Chang Ming-kai (2 ed.). Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China: Chung Wu Publishing.
1665:
495:
191:
5049:
4853:
3153:
3058:
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2052:
1816:
1234:
1043:
1647:
4688:
4674:
4336:
3012:
2833:
2818:
2172:
1416:, and 54th Corps and a portion of 12th Army Group moved to take up positions at
1238:
1138:
321:
310:
266:
4043:
3796:
3775:
2668:
2001:
1929:
1302:
1278:
1264:
1260:
366:
343:
288:
277:
1567:
Frontier passages: ethnopolitics and the rise of Chinese communism, 1921-1945
4306:
3711:
3508:
3319:
3117:
3072:
2089:
1742:
1716:
1409:
1326:
1325:
and send a strong force to cut enemy lines of communications in the area of
245:
129:
2593:
432:
2577:
2305:
1640:
One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences
1413:
1362:
1225:
332:
153:
1428:
1390:
1366:
1256:
1221:
299:
157:
145:
1186:
The Chinese had repulsed two Japanese offensives in the summer at the
3187:
1374:
1314:
305:
294:
283:
149:
1408:
The main force of 35th Army Group moved along the west bank of the
3375:
178:
170:
Chinese operational failure (due to failure to meet primary goals)
141:
137:
133:
125:
1570:(illustrated ed.). Stanford University Press. p. 131.
194:
began loaning greater amounts of money to the Chinese war effort
1789:
1785:
1001:
436:
29:
1377:
and took it on the 5th. It then continued to advance to
411:
550,000 including Chinese Muslim Cavalry in 71 divisions
1743:"Topographic Maps of China during the Second World War"
1642:, Springer International Publishing, pp. 259–271,
1373:. On January 3 the 2nd Provisional Corps laid siege to
2447:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
1490:
Modern China's Ethnic Frontiers: A Journey to the West
1544:"Middlesboro Daily News - Google News Archive Search"
4808:
4536:
4377:
4202:
3961:
3813:
3751:
3655:
3646:
3527:
3253:
3163:
3011:
2714:
2705:
2463:
2288:
2141:
1903:
1896:
27:Military offensive of the Second Sino-Japanese War
1613:George Barry O'Toole, Jên-yü Tsʻai, ed. (1941).
1469:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1381:while Japanese remnants fled southwest and took
1162:) was one of the major engagements between the
94:
1801:
1678:Long-hsuen, Hsu (1971). Wen Ha-hsiung (ed.).
1013:
448:
8:
1680:History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945)
1451:. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011
1393:fell to the detachment of 35th Army Group.
3652:
2711:
1900:
1808:
1794:
1786:
1628:(Original from the University of Michigan)
1020:
1006:
998:
455:
441:
433:
91:
1305:area far from the planned stop line from
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
1365:on January 5. The Japanese retreated to
1124:Manchuria and Inner Mongolia (1931–1936)
1065:Manchuria, Korea, and Taiwan (1894–1895)
43:This article includes a list of general
5102:Battles of the Second Sino-Japanese War
1522:The China monthly review, Volumes 80-81
1440:
1369:while 54th Corps advanced southwest to
115:Late November, 1939, to Late March 1940
3633:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
1462:
1297:Results of the central China offensive
4504:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
3936:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
3582:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
3538:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
2643:Rape during the occupation of Germany
1353:Chinese winter offensive in Guangdong
7:
3626:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
2658:Rape during the liberation of France
1723:from the original on August 19, 2008
1695:"Resistance and Revolution in China"
1215:Results of the north China offensive
414:850,000 including Mengjiang Cavalry
3852:German invasion of the Netherlands
2132:Weather events during World War II
1753:from the original on 11 March 2010
1259:from Suiyuan in 1939 and create a
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
4483:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
5043:
1697:. University of California Press
1619:. The China monthly incorporated
1525:. J.W. Powell. 1937. p. 320
1105:German Pacific possesions (1914)
393:
382:
371:
360:
349:
337:
326:
315:
304:
293:
282:
271:
260:
239:
225:
211:
34:
1749:. U.S. Army Map Service. 1954.
1255:The Japanese planned to invade
1080:Manchuria and Korea (1904–1905)
4730:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
2440:Territorial changes of Germany
2348:Indonesian National Revolution
1616:The China monthly, Volumes 3-5
1233:, except for the area between
1159:
480:1931–1937 (pre-war skirmishes)
1:
4130:Japanese invasion of Thailand
4081:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
3845:German invasion of Luxembourg
2226:Mediterranean and Middle East
173:Defeat of Japanese forces in
4037:Invasion of the Soviet Union
3726:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
3044:Independent State of Croatia
1648:10.1007/978-3-319-51664-6_14
5097:Battles involving Mengjiang
5021:End of World War II in Asia
4861:Western invasion of Germany
4368:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
4345:Second Battle of El Alamein
3915:Hundred Regiments Offensive
3887:Battle of the Mediterranean
3740:Italian invasion of Albania
1914:Air warfare of World War II
1341:The Chinese Muslim General
1164:National Revolutionary Army
908:North Burma and West Yunnan
5138:
4947:Naval bombardment of Japan
4315:First Battle of El Alamein
4234:Battle of Christmas Island
4179:Japanese invasion of Burma
3943:Italian invasion of Greece
3859:German invasion of Belgium
3831:German invasion of Denmark
3804:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
3673:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
1937:Comparative military ranks
1196:Independent Mixed Brigades
1152:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
1029:Military campaigns of the
95:1939-1940 Winter Offensive
5036:
4868:Bratislava–Brno offensive
4799:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
4423:Allied invasion of Sicily
4283:Aleutian Islands campaign
4255:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
4193:Greek famine of 1941–1944
4088:Second Battle of Changsha
3993:German invasion of Greece
3838:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
2180:North and Central Pacific
1823:
1717:"1939–40 Winter Campaign"
1385:on the north bank of the
1188:Battle of Suixian-Zaoyang
1070:Liaodong Peninsula (1895)
1040:
530:Pacification of Manchukuo
476:
418:
405:
253:
204:
107:
99:
4460:Allied invasion of Italy
4437:Solomon Islands campaign
4186:Third Battle of Changsha
3783:First Battle of Changsha
3689:Second Sino-Japanese War
2629:German military brothels
2495:United States war crimes
1401:fell the following day.
1399:Guangzhou–Hankou railway
1172:Second Sino-Japanese War
1139:Asia-Pacific (1941–1945)
467:Second Sino-Japanese War
102:Second Sino-Japanese War
18:1939–40 Winter Offensive
4882:Second Guangxi campaign
4737:Philippines (1944–1945)
4241:Battle of the Coral Sea
4144:Fall of the Philippines
3790:Battle of South Guangxi
3696:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
3102:Italian Social Republic
1134:French Indochina (1940)
183:Limited Chinese success
64:more precise citations.
4467:Armistice of Cassibile
4269:Battle of Dutch Harbor
4220:Battle of the Java Sea
4123:Attack on Pearl Harbor
4023:Syria–Lebanon campaign
4016:Battle of South Shanxi
3986:Invasion of Yugoslavia
3769:Battle of the Atlantic
3383:Korean Liberation Army
3096:(until September 1943)
3053:(until September 1944)
3031:(until September 1944)
1291:Battle of West Suiyuan
1269:Battle of West Suiyuan
1246:Middlesboro Daily News
1192:1st Battle of Changsha
1168:Imperial Japanese Army
961:West Henan–North Hubei
254:Commanders and leaders
4631:Second Battle of Guam
4527:Bengal famine of 1943
4497:Second Battle of Kiev
4453:Battle of the Dnieper
4158:Battle of Wake Island
4030:East African campaign
3972:Battle of South Henan
3617:atrocities by Germans
3390:Korean Volunteer Army
2371:Occupation of Germany
2125:Music in World War II
1564:Xiaoyuan Liu (2004).
419:Casualties and losses
4917:Surrender of Germany
4395:Battle of West Hubei
4352:Guadalcanal campaign
4322:Battle of Stalingrad
4248:Battle of Madagascar
3022:Albania protectorate
2809:(formerly Swaziland)
2518:Wehrmacht war crimes
2334:Expulsion of Germans
2118:Art and World War II
2016:British contribution
1965:Governments in exile
1405:fell on January 16.
1361:fell on the 4th and
5007:Potsdam Declaration
4896:Italy (Spring 1945)
4659:Liberation of Paris
4116:Siege of Sevastopol
3134:(until August 1944)
3037:Wang Jingwei regime
2859:from September 1943
2819:from September 1944
2757:from September 1944
2617:Romanian war crimes
2608:Persecution of Jews
2594:Croatian war crimes
2564:Japanese war crimes
2378:Occupation of Japan
2327:First Indochina War
2039:Military production
1951:Declarations of war
1602:. 1940. p. 18.
1190:and in fall at the
1182:Strategic situation
1110:Siberia (1918–1922)
888:Sichuan (cancelled)
5000:Surrender of Japan
4833:Battle of Iwo Jima
4682:Belgrade offensive
4095:Siege of Leningrad
3979:Battle of Shanggao
3908:British Somaliland
3873:Dunkirk evacuation
3824:Norwegian campaign
3762:Invasion of Poland
3589:Japanese prisoners
2557:Italian war crimes
2488:British war crimes
2403:Soviet occupations
2187:South-West Pacific
2074:Allied cooperation
2032:Military equipment
1693:Kataoka, Tetsuya.
1347:Battle of Huaiyang
1248:ran an article by
678:Yellow River flood
592:Railway Operation
5092:Conflicts in 1940
5087:Conflicts in 1939
5074:
5073:
5032:
5031:
4875:Battle of Okinawa
4774:Burma (1944–1945)
4608:Mariana and Palau
4388:Tunisian campaign
4213:Fall of Singapore
4137:Fall of Hong Kong
3880:Battle of Britain
3733:Operation Himmler
3642:
3641:
3306:Dutch East Indies
2949:Southern Rhodesia
2701:
2700:
2601:Genocide of Serbs
2504:German war crimes
2481:Soviet war crimes
2474:Allied war crimes
2320:Division of Korea
2299:Chinese Civil War
2097:Strategic bombing
2009:Manhattan Project
1657:978-3-319-51663-9
1500:978-0-415-58264-3
1147:
1146:
1075:China (1899–1901)
995:
994:
854:Yunnan-Burma Road
792:Hundred Regiments
564:Marco Polo Bridge
431:
430:
219:Republic of China
200:
199:
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
5129:
5067:
5060:
5053:
5050:World portal
5048:
5047:
5023:
5016:
5009:
5002:
4993:
4986:
4979:
4970:
4963:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4926:
4919:
4912:
4910:Prague offensive
4905:
4903:Battle of Berlin
4898:
4891:
4884:
4877:
4870:
4863:
4856:
4849:
4847:Vienna offensive
4842:
4835:
4828:
4826:Battle of Manila
4821:
4801:
4792:
4783:
4776:
4767:
4760:
4753:
4746:
4739:
4732:
4725:
4716:
4707:
4700:
4691:
4684:
4677:
4670:
4661:
4654:
4647:
4640:
4633:
4626:
4619:
4610:
4603:
4594:
4585:
4576:
4569:
4567:Korsun–Cherkassy
4562:
4551:
4529:
4520:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4492:
4485:
4478:
4469:
4462:
4455:
4448:
4439:
4432:
4425:
4418:
4411:
4409:Bombing of Gorky
4404:
4397:
4390:
4370:
4363:
4354:
4347:
4340:
4331:
4324:
4317:
4310:
4299:
4292:
4285:
4278:
4276:Battle of Midway
4271:
4264:
4262:Battle of Gazala
4257:
4250:
4243:
4236:
4229:
4222:
4215:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4174:
4172:Battle of Borneo
4167:
4165:Malayan campaign
4160:
4153:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4109:Bombing of Gorky
4104:
4102:Battle of Moscow
4097:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4046:
4039:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4002:
3995:
3988:
3981:
3974:
3954:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3866:Battle of France
3861:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3719:Munich Agreement
3714:
3707:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3675:
3668:
3653:
3635:
3628:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3604:Soviet prisoners
3598:
3591:
3584:
3575:
3568:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3544:German prisoners
3540:
3520:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3104:
3097:
3089:
3082:
3080:French Indochina
3075:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3024:
3004:
2995:
2988:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2944:
2937:
2930:
2927:from August 1944
2918:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2810:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2712:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2664:
2653:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2619:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2571:Nanjing Massacre
2566:
2559:
2550:
2548:Nuremberg trials
2541:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2389:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2281:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2152:Asia and Pacific
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2083:
2081:Mulberry harbour
2076:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1923:
1916:
1901:
1889:
1882:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1787:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1739:
1733:
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1730:
1728:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
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1690:
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1675:
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1668:
1635:
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1610:
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1603:
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1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1468:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1445:
1287:Battle of Wuyuan
1277:Muslim Generals
1161:
1035:
1033:
1022:
1015:
1008:
999:
882:Zhejiang–Jiangxi
758:Winter Offensive
655:North-East Henan
586:Sihang Warehouse
471:
470:
468:
457:
450:
443:
434:
398:
397:
387:
386:
376:
375:
365:
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354:
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331:
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109:
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92:
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65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
38:
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21:
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5042:
5040:
5028:
5019:
5012:
5005:
4998:
4989:
4982:
4975:
4966:
4961:Atomic bombings
4959:
4952:
4945:
4938:
4931:
4922:
4915:
4908:
4901:
4894:
4887:
4880:
4873:
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4772:
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4756:
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4742:
4735:
4728:
4719:
4710:
4703:
4694:
4687:
4680:
4673:
4664:
4657:
4652:Eastern Romania
4650:
4645:Warsaw Uprising
4643:
4638:Tannenberg Line
4636:
4629:
4624:Western Ukraine
4622:
4613:
4606:
4597:
4588:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4554:
4545:
4532:
4525:
4516:
4509:
4502:
4495:
4488:
4481:
4474:
4465:
4458:
4451:
4442:
4435:
4428:
4421:
4416:Battle of Kursk
4414:
4407:
4400:
4393:
4386:
4373:
4366:
4357:
4350:
4343:
4334:
4327:
4320:
4313:
4304:
4295:
4288:
4281:
4274:
4267:
4260:
4253:
4246:
4239:
4232:
4227:St Nazaire Raid
4225:
4218:
4211:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4156:
4149:
4142:
4135:
4128:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4051:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4021:
4014:
4009:Anglo-Iraqi War
4007:
4000:Battle of Crete
3998:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3957:
3948:
3941:
3934:
3929:Eastern Romania
3927:
3920:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3864:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3836:
3829:
3822:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3760:
3747:
3738:
3731:
3724:
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3710:
3703:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3671:
3664:
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3631:
3624:
3615:
3608:
3603:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3571:
3564:
3555:
3548:
3543:
3536:
3523:
3516:
3507:
3500:
3495:
3490:Western Ukraine
3488:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3434:Northeast China
3432:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3179:
3172:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3140:Slovak Republic
3138:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3111:Empire of Japan
3109:
3100:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3027:
3020:
3007:
3000:
2991:
2984:
2975:
2968:
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2954:
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2921:
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2886:
2879:
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2825:
2813:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2763:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2697:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2656:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2623:Sexual violence
2622:
2615:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2546:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2392:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2353:
2346:
2341:Greek Civil War
2339:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2284:
2277:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2166:South-East Asia
2164:
2157:
2150:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2025:Military awards
2023:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1919:
1912:
1892:
1885:
1878:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1850:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1819:
1814:
1772:
1767:
1766:
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1611:
1607:
1596:
1595:
1591:
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1580:
1578:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1528:
1526:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1461:
1454:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1355:
1299:
1217:
1204:
1184:
1148:
1143:
1129:China (1937–45)
1100:Tsingtao (1914)
1087:
1036:
1032:Empire of Japan
1031:
1028:
1026:
996:
991:
784:Zaoyang–Yichang
723:Suixian–Zaoyang
569:Beiping–Tianjin
508:Nenjiang Bridge
472:
466:
464:
463:
461:
400:Naozaburo Okabe
392:
391:
381:
380:
370:
369:
359:
358:
348:
336:
335:
325:
324:
314:
313:
303:
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292:
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281:
280:
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269:
259:
240:
238:
233:Empire of Japan
226:
224:
212:
210:
160:
86:
75:
69:
66:
56:Please help to
55:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5135:
5133:
5125:
5124:
5119:
5114:
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5104:
5099:
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5089:
5079:
5078:
5072:
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5069:
5068:
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5054:
5037:
5034:
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5030:
5029:
5027:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5017:
5010:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4980:
4977:South Sakhalin
4973:
4972:
4971:
4957:
4950:
4943:
4936:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4913:
4906:
4899:
4892:
4885:
4878:
4871:
4864:
4857:
4850:
4843:
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4829:
4822:
4814:
4812:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4795:
4794:
4793:
4777:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4754:
4747:
4740:
4733:
4726:
4717:
4708:
4701:
4692:
4685:
4678:
4671:
4662:
4655:
4648:
4641:
4634:
4627:
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4611:
4604:
4595:
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4577:
4570:
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4540:
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4531:
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4514:
4500:
4493:
4486:
4479:
4472:
4471:
4470:
4456:
4449:
4440:
4433:
4426:
4419:
4412:
4405:
4402:Battle of Attu
4398:
4391:
4383:
4381:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4364:
4355:
4348:
4341:
4332:
4325:
4318:
4311:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4293:
4279:
4272:
4265:
4258:
4251:
4244:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4208:
4206:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4189:
4182:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4151:Battle of Guam
4147:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4074:Battle of Kiev
4070:
4063:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4012:
4005:
4004:
4003:
3989:
3982:
3975:
3967:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3956:
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3946:
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3932:
3925:
3918:
3911:
3904:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3819:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3757:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3743:
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3729:
3722:
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3701:
3700:
3699:
3692:
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3676:
3661:
3659:
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3644:
3643:
3640:
3639:
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3629:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3613:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3585:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3573:United Kingdom
3569:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3541:
3533:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3505:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3386:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3259:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3240:
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3226:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3177:
3169:
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3150:
3143:
3136:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3025:
3017:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2977:British Empire
2970:United Kingdom
2966:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2811:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2786:Czechoslovakia
2782:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2720:
2718:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2695:
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2683:Rape of Manila
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2454:United Nations
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2313:Decolonization
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2084:
2077:
2063:
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2035:
2028:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2005:
1998:
1997:
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1989:
1986:United Kingdom
1982:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1926:
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1770:External links
1768:
1765:
1764:
1734:
1708:
1685:
1670:
1656:
1630:
1605:
1599:China Magazine
1589:
1576:
1556:
1535:
1512:
1499:
1485:Hsiao-ting Lin
1476:
1449:"（抗日战争）冬季攻势述评"
1439:
1438:
1436:
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1354:
1351:
1298:
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1250:Owen Lattimore
1231:Tongpu railway
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1055:Ganghwa (1875)
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953:Guilin–Liuzhou
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596:Beiping–Hankou
590:
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535:Inner Mongolia
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378:Yasuji Okamura
356:Toshizō Nishio
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124:Vicinities of
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105:
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42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
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10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
5134:
5123:
5122:1940 in Japan
5120:
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5117:1939 in Japan
5115:
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5112:1940 in China
5110:
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5107:1939 in China
5105:
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4984:Kuril Islands
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4751:Syrmian Front
4748:
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4727:
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4709:
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4697:Market Garden
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3922:Baltic states
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3566:United States
3563:
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3534:
3532:
3530:
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3502:Quốc dân Đảng
3499:
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3487:
3484:
3480:
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3206:
3203:
3202:Liechtenstein
3199:
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3189:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3171:
3170:
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3166:
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3019:
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3016:
3014:
3010:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:United States
2983:
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2974:
2973:
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2721:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2676:Comfort women
2673:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2660: /
2659:
2655:
2652:
2649: /
2648:
2645: /
2644:
2640:
2637:
2636:Camp brothels
2633:
2630:
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2621:
2618:
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2598:
2597:
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2565:
2561:
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2554:
2549:
2545:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:The Holocaust
2522:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2511:forced labour
2508:
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2501:
2496:
2492:
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2397:
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2387:
2382:
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2368:
2365:
2364:Marshall Plan
2361:
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2218:
2217:Eastern Front
2214:
2211:
2210:Western Front
2207:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2184:
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2119:
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2108:
2105:
2104:Puppet states
2101:
2098:
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2082:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2064:
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2054:
2050:
2047:
2046:Naval history
2043:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1993:United States
1990:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1976:
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1969:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1934:
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1577:0-8047-4960-4
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1093:Taishō period
1086:
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1078:
1076:
1073:
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1060:Ryukyu (1879)
1058:
1056:
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1050:Taiwan (1874)
1048:
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1018:
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3059:German Reich
2956:Soviet Union
2942:South Africa
2935:Sierra Leone
2888:Newfoundland
2707:Participants
2690:Marocchinate
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2233:North Africa
2194:Indian Ocean
2053:Nazi plunder
1944:Cryptography
1817:World War II
1755:. Retrieved
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389:Rikichi Andō
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4789:Bodenplatte
4675:Gothic Line
3901:West Africa
3448:Philippines
3427:Netherlands
3292:Czech lands
3230:Switzerland
3174:Afghanistan
3125:Philippines
2993:Puerto Rico
2909:Philippines
2895:New Zealand
2881:Netherlands
2834:Free France
2585:Prosecution
2386:Osoaviakhim
2256:West Africa
2240:East Africa
1887:Conferences
1747:Series L500
1170:during the
874:Yenangyaung
815:South Henan
809:South Anhui
750:Kunlun Pass
648:Taierzhuang
322:Zhang Fakui
311:Bai Chongxi
267:Wei Lihuang
70:August 2010
62:introducing
5081:Categories
4889:West Hunan
4722:Pointblank
4058:Silver Fox
4044:Summer War
3797:Winter War
3776:Phoney War
3557:Azerbaijan
3518:Yugoslavia
3413:Luxembourg
3255:Resistance
3002:Yugoslavia
2867:Luxembourg
2669:Sook Ching
2465:War crimes
2067:Technology
2060:Opposition
2002:Lend-Lease
1979:Australian
1972:Home front
1930:Blitzkrieg
1880:Casualties
1871:Commanders
1843:Operations
1623:2010-06-28
1583:2010-06-28
1549:16 October
1529:2011-06-06
1506:2010-06-28
1435:References
1403:Yinzhan'ao
1397:along the
1387:Lian River
1323:Xishuanghe
1303:Zhongxiang
1279:Ma Hongkui
1265:Ma Hongbin
967:West Hunan
919:Mount Song
901:West Hubei
821:West Hubei
696:Wenxi fire
691:Wanjialing
540:Great Wall
367:Hayao Tada
344:Ma Hongkui
289:Li Zongren
278:Gu Zhutong
45:references
4954:Manchuria
4840:Indochina
4616:Bagration
4067:Lithuania
3712:Anschluss
3509:Viet Minh
3406:Lithuania
3348:Hong Kong
3118:Manchukuo
3073:Azad Hind
2732:Australia
2532:Aftermath
2395:Paperclip
2290:Aftermath
2090:Total war
1958:Diplomacy
1921:In Europe
1666:158528688
1410:Bei River
1383:Qingcheng
1327:Guangshui
1209:War Areas
914:Myitkyina
894:1943–1945
777:1940–1942
672:Chongqing
558:1937–1939
503:Jiangqiao
486:Manchuria
246:Mengjiang
130:Guangdong
5065:Category
5014:document
4924:document
4781:Ardennes
4765:Budapest
4713:Crossbow
4591:Overlord
4430:Smolensk
3648:Timeline
3483:Slovakia
3469:Thailand
3320:Ethiopia
3285:Bulgaria
3209:Portugal
3147:Thailand
3029:Bulgaria
2807:Eswatini
2800:Ethiopia
2753:Bulgaria
2578:Unit 731
2539:Response
2356:Keelhaul
2306:Cold War
2279:Americas
2270:timeline
2263:Atlantic
2143:Theaters
1757:17 March
1751:Archived
1727:17 March
1721:Archived
1701:17 March
1487:(2010).
1465:cite web
1414:Zhaoqing
1363:Qingtang
1319:Yingshan
1289:and the
1226:Changzhi
947:Hengyang
827:Shanggao
716:Nanchang
634:Massacre
406:Strength
333:Fu Zuoyi
190:and the
154:Shandong
120:Location
100:Part of
4991:Shumshu
4758:Hungary
4705:Estonia
4689:Lapland
4667:Dragoon
4600:Neptune
4582:Ichi-Go
4548:Tempest
4490:Changde
4445:Cottage
4337:Jubilee
4053:Finland
3951:Compass
3657:Prelude
3610:Finland
3496:Vietnam
3462:Romania
3334:Germany
3313:Estonia
3299:Denmark
3278:Belgium
3271:Austria
3264:Albania
3195:Ireland
3181:Andorra
3165:Neutral
3132:Romania
3066:Hungary
3051:Finland
2923:Romania
2815:Finland
2793:Denmark
2739:Belgium
2725:Algeria
2431:Romania
2417:Hungary
2173:Pacific
1897:General
1851:Leaders
1836:Battles
1829:Outline
1429:Guangxi
1418:Hengshi
1395:Yuantan
1391:Conghua
1371:Shijiao
1367:Shatian
1343:Ma Biao
1332:Huayuan
1257:Ningxia
1222:Zhangzi
1156:Chinese
987:Taihoku
980:Air War
973:Guangxi
935:Ichi-Go
927:Changde
869:Toungoo
859:Tachiao
660:Lanfeng
628:Nanking
609:Taiyuan
550:Suiyuan
513:Jinzhou
424:Unknown
300:Xue Yue
175:Suiyuan
158:Suiyuan
146:Jiangxi
58:improve
4968:Debate
4940:Taipei
4933:Borneo
4511:Tarawa
3705:Europe
3666:Africa
3455:Poland
3441:Norway
3420:Malaya
3399:Latvia
3341:Greece
3327:France
3223:Sweden
3188:Bhutan
2916:Poland
2902:Norway
2874:Mexico
2841:Greece
2827:France
2765:Canada
2746:Brazil
2716:Allies
2662:Serbia
2651:Poland
2424:Poland
2410:Baltic
2203:Europe
1905:Topics
1857:Allied
1664:
1654:
1574:
1497:
1422:Lutian
1375:Yingde
1359:Guandu
1336:Hankow
1315:Pingba
1311:Songhe
1307:Xinshi
1158::
864:Oktwin
769:Wuyuan
729:Swatow
708:Hainan
703:Canton
642:Xuzhou
620:Xinkou
574:Chahar
518:Harbin
491:Mukden
230:
216:
165:Result
150:Shanxi
47:, but
4744:Leyte
4574:Narva
4560:Anzio
4518:Makin
4476:Burma
4360:Torch
4329:Rzhev
4290:Kiska
3376:Korea
3362:Japan
3355:Italy
3237:Tibet
3216:Spain
3094:Italy
2855:Italy
2848:India
2772:China
2647:Japan
2247:Italy
2159:China
2111:Women
1662:S2CID
1412:near
1235:Wenxi
685:Wuhan
179:Henan
142:Hunan
138:Henan
134:Hubei
126:Anhui
4810:1945
4538:1944
4379:1943
4307:Blue
4297:Attu
4204:1942
3963:1941
3815:1940
3753:1939
3682:Asia
3529:POWs
3369:Jews
3087:Iraq
3013:Axis
2963:Tuva
2779:Cuba
1864:Axis
1759:2010
1729:2010
1703:2010
1652:ISBN
1572:ISBN
1551:2016
1495:ISBN
1471:link
1457:2024
1334:and
1321:and
1313:and
1239:Anyi
1237:and
1224:and
1166:and
1160:冬季攻勢
1150:The
667:Amoy
545:Rehe
186:The
177:and
112:Date
1644:doi
1309:to
1261:Hui
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