257:) and also a four-track railway line. The construction of the motor road and of the railway shall be carried out in such a manner that Polish lines of communication are not affected thereby, i.e., they are to be overbridged or underbridged. This zone shall be one kilometer in width and shall be German territory.Should the result of the plebiscite be in favor of Germany, Poland shall have the same rights as Germany would have had, to build an extraterritorial road and railway connection in order to secure her free and unrestricted access to her port of Gdynia.
279:
compatible with their national convictions, Germany and Poland mutually agree to safeguard the rights of their respective minorities by most comprehensive and binding agreements for the purpose of warranting these minorities the preservation, free development and cultivation of their national customs, habits and traditions, to grant them in particular and for that purpose the form of organization considered necessary by them. Both parties undertake not to draft the members of the minority into military service.
209:, etc., who were domiciled in this area on that day or who were born there on or before the above-mentioned date, shall be entitled to vote. Germans who have been expelled from this territory shall return for the purpose of registering their votes.In order to ensure an impartial plebiscite and to guarantee that the necessary and extensive preparations for the plebiscite shall be carried out correctly, an International Commission like the one formed in connection with the
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acts of terrorism.Germany and Poland bind themselves to indemnify the minorities on either side for any economic damages and other wrongs inflicted upon them since 1918; and/or to revoke all expropriations or otherwise to completely indemnify the respective person or persons for these and other encroachments upon economic life.
274:
The German
Government, having most serious complaints to make about the treatment of the minority by the Poles, and the Polish Government, considering themselves entitled to raise complaints against Germany, agree to investigate into all complaints about economic and personal damage, as well as other
237:
In order that during that period, Germany's lines of communication with East
Prussia and Poland's access to the sea may be unrestrict-edly ensured, certain roads and railway lines shall be determined, in order to facilitate unobstructed transit. In this connection only such taxes may be levied as are
150:
As intended by
Ribbentrop, the narrow time limit for acceptance of the ultimatum made it impossible for the British government to contact the Polish government in time about the German offer, let alone for the Poles to arrange for a Polish plenipotentiary envoy to arrive in Berlin that night, thereby
221:
and Great
Britain, shall be formed immediately, and placed in charge of this territory. This commission shall exercise sovereign rights throughout the territory. To that end, the territory shall be evacuated by the Polish military forces, by the Polish police and by the Polish authorities within the
340:
When
Joachim von Ribbentrop refused to give a copy of the German demands to the British Ambassador at midnight of 30–31 August 1939, the two almost came to blows. Ambassador Henderson, who had long advocated concessions to Germany, recognized that here was a deliberately conceived alibi the German
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In order to free the
Germans remaining in Poland, as well as the Poles remaining in Germany, from the feeling of being deprived of the benefits of international law, and above all to afford them the certainty of their not being made to take part in actions and in furnishing services of a kind not
244:
In order to secure, after the plebiscite (irrespective of the result thereof), Germany's unrestricted communication with the province of Danzig-East
Prussia, and Poland's access to the sea, Germany shall, in case the territory be returned to Poland as a result of the plebiscite, be given an
229:
to the extent of the Polish settlement is not included in this area, but, as a matter of principle, is recognized as Polish territory.The details of the boundaries of this Polish port shall be decided on by
Germany and Poland, and if necessary established by an International Court of
134:
appeared at the
Foreign Office and sought an audience with Ribbentrop. Five hours later he was shown in, and since he did not have the negotiating authority demanded by Hitler, Ribbentrop briefly dismissed him with the information that he would inform the
260:
In the event of the Polish
Corridor being returned to the Reich, the latter declares herself prepared to arrange with Poland for an exchange of population, insofar as conditions in the Corridor lend themselves to such an
267:
In order to avoid any sense of menace or danger on either side, Danzig and Gdynia shall henceforth have a purely commercial character; i.e., neither of these places shall be provided with means of military defense or
328:
also emphasizes the "purely propagandistic character" of the 16-point memorandum, since the Germans gave neither the Polish nor the British side the opportunity to comment on it before they began their invasion.
55:
attached to German demands to negotiate on August 29, 1939. It was announced on German radio that these points had been rejected on September 1, 1939, even though they were never presented to Poland. Like the
282:
In case of an agreement being reached on the basis of these proposals, Germany and Poland declare themselves prepared immediately to order and carry out the demobilization of their respective armed forces.
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In order to allow for ample time for the necessary and extensive preparations for the carrying out of an impartial plesbiscite, this plebiscite shall not take place before a period of twelve months has
147:
read the 16 points to Henderson but, against all diplomatic custom, refused to hand him the relevant document. Since no Polish representative had appeared, the proposal had become void anyway.
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government had prepared for a war it was determined to start. No wonder Henderson was angry; von Ribbentrop on the other hand could see war ahead and went home beaming.
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Any special rights claimed by Poland within the port of Danzig shall be negotiated on a parity basis in exchange for equal rights for Germany at the Port of Gdynia.
309:". In doing so, it had weakened its own "moral position" in the face of German "impositions against Polish integrity and independence." In contrast, the historian
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The Peninsula of Hela, which according to the result of the plebiscite would be allocated either to Poland or to Germany, shall also be demilitarized in any case.
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points out that the German offer of negotiations was only made as an alibi to its own population. Its decision to go to war had been made long ago. According to
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expressed the view that Poland had refused "to show any objective accommodation in the questions that had to be settled since the unfortunate provisions of the
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shall be held in this territory. All Germans who were domiciled in this area on January 1, 1918, or who were born there on or before that day, and also all
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Because of its purely German character and the unanimous will of its population, the Free City of Danzig shall be returned forthwith to the German Reich.
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Any additional measures required to hasten the carrying through of the above agreement shall be mutually agreed upon between Germany and Poland.
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The allocation of this territory shall be decided on by the absolute majority of the votes cast.
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necessary for the upkeep of the lines of communication and for the carrying out of transport.
194:, shall itself decide whether it shall become part of the German Reich or remain with Poland.
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in a secret additional protocol. This was the basis for the German attack on September 1.
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on the same day, Polish "rejection" of the ultimatum served as a pretext for the German
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until after the set deadline had expired. It was not until the following noon that the
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allowing Ribbentrop to claim that the Poles had rejected the German demands".
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406:(1st American ed.). New York: Crown Publishers. pp. 257–258.
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How War Came. The Immediate Origins of the Second World War, 1938–1939
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Das vergangene Reich. Deutsche AuĂźenpolitik von Bismarck bis Hitler.
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Das vergangene Reich. Deutsche AuĂźenpolitik von Bismarck bis Hitler.
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Das vergangene Reich. Deutsche AuĂźenpolitik von Bismarck bis Hitler.
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Hitlers erster „Blitzkrieg“ und seine Auswirkungen auf Nordosteuropa
190:, (including these towns), and then in a westerly direction towards
568:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 43.
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Eine Welt in Waffen. Die globale Geschichte des Zweiten Weltkrieges
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described the Henderson–Ribbentrop meeting regarding the ultimatum:
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
213:, and consisting of members appointed by the four Great Powers,
389:. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1979, pp. 79–158, p. 90.
64:, which had already been planned and withheld several times.
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Die Errichtung der Hegemonie auf dem europäischen Kontinent
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were severed. On the night of August 31, Foreign Minister
253:, for the purpose of building a German motor highway (
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Documents Of Events Preceding The Outbreak Of The War
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Europas Weg in den Krieg. Hitler und die Mächte 1939
566:A world at arms: a global history of World War II
245:extraterritorial traffic zone running from, say,
534:Bd. 29). Oldenbourg, MĂĽnchen 1998, p.301.
102:that he was ready to resume negotiations with
532:Quellen und Darstellungen zur Zeitgeschichte.
433:. Pantheon Books, New York 1989, pp. 518–526.
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382:Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg
170:, that is to say, the territory bounded by
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114:within 24 hours. In principle, Poland and
222:shortest possible time to be agreed upon.
379:. In: derselbe, Klaus A. Maier et al.:
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95:On August 29, 1939, Adolf Hitler told
90:The Soviet invasion of eastern Poland
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596:Germany–Poland relations (1918–1939)
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118:were ready to negotiate. Because of
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39:refers to a list of 16 demands by
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641:Foreign relations of Nazi Germany
517:Oldenbourg, Munich 2008, p. 697.
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478:Oldenbourg, Munich 2008, p. 696.
449:Oldenbourg, Munich 2008, p. 696.
621:1939 in international relations
37:1939 German ultimatum to Poland
132:Polish Ambassador JĂłzef Lipski
1:
564:Weinberg, Gerhard L. (2005).
465:. DVA, Stuttgart 1995, p. 58.
126:decided not to forward it to
106:. For this purpose, a Polish
84:into a German and a Soviet
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92:followed on September 17.
174:and a line running from
122:'s ultimate demand, the
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332:The American historian
294:In 1959, the historian
166:The territory known as
141:German-Polish relations
74:Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact
16:Demands by Nazi Germany
547:Siedler, Munich 2015,
352:Joachim von Ribbentrop
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145:Joachim von Ribbentrop
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296:Karl Dietrich Erdmann
76:was reached with the
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631:Diplomatic incidents
307:Treaty of Versailles
197:For that purpose, a
139:" of this. Thus the
545:Hitler. Biographie.
459:Gerhard L. Weinberg
427:Donald Cameron Watt
225:The Polish port of
168:the Polish Corridor
86:Sphere of influence
82:East-Central Europe
53:Free City of Danzig
616:August 1939 events
601:Invasion of Poland
513:Klaus Hildebrand:
474:Klaus Hildebrand:
158:The sixteen points
124:British government
97:British Ambassador
72:On August 23, the
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358:References
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207:Cassubians
199:plebiscite
192:Schönlanke
68:Background
261:exchange.
31:1923–1939
626:Ultimata
346:See also
251:Dirschau
234:elapsed.
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180:Graudenz
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