2934:, and its decisions reflected an understandable ambivalence about the possibilities of armed uprising. The session reaffirmed the decision of the Sixth Plenum to begin preparations for a future armed uprising against French power, and it affirmed the contention that, if conditions were favorable, a local uprising could be launched in one area of the country even if Vietnamese society as a whole was not in a revolutionary situation. But it condemned what it considered the mistakes committed at Bac Son. The local leadership at Bac Son, it claimed, did not know how to establish revolutionary power, did not know how to conduct propaganda activities and develop revolutionary strength, and, when the battle was over, did not know how to retreat. The decision to abandon the cities for the countryside was termed an error that weakened the Party's urban base. Then, it said, the Party had lost an opportunity to launch a general uprising after French surrendered in June 1940. Finally, it criticized the new united front as vaguely defined and not sufficiently focused on the worker-peasant alliance. Looking to the future, the plenum concluded that Vietnam was not yet in a directly revolutionary situation, but that the revolution could break out in the form of local uprising where conditions were appropriate, leading the way toward a general uprising that would result in a seizure of power in the country as a whole. In perpetration for that moment, the Committee members called for the conservation of the remnants of the Bac Son forces, which were to be reorganized as guerrilla units, and for a revolutionary base in the
3056:
family-would later seek revenge which would not be advantageous for the revolution. There should be no repeat of the public execution of
Constable Trau in 1930. A People's Court was set up, with prosecutors chosen from among the peasants and Party members overseeing the proceedings. All those detained were released after warnings not to repress the revolution if they did return to work for the French. The second decision made by the province leadership was to break open the rice granaries and distribute the rice to the needy. The peasants needed little encouragement In Nhi Binh village, they seized the granaries of Nguyen Thanh Long, a large landlord and Doc Phu Mau in Ngu Hiep, as well as other smaller landlords. It took the peasants three days to cart away the contents of Doc Phu Mau's granary. In Long Trung village, the granary of Ho Khai Khoa was spared because his son aligned himself with the revolution. The third decision of the province leadership was to order the insurrection participants to retreat back into clandestiny, hide their weapons and wait for an order from the Central Committee for a second uprising. Jennings has called the French reaction to the uprising "repressive" and has also used terms such as "repressive" and "brutal", highlighting how serious the uprising was to the French. Interestingly enough, he also suggests that the event was important in highlighting the need for rural reform as he credits the uprising to the "diminishing prestige of conservative pro-French patriarchs."
3031:
but rented it out. Rich peasants were a less distinct category but it was generally understood that they were in essence small landlords who owned less land but still more than they needed for bare survival, who farmed what they could themselves but hired laborers or rented what they could not work to tenants. Middle peasants were self-sufficient owner-cultivators who owned just enough land to support their families, and who worked it themselves. Poor peasants may have owned a bit of land but not enough to support a family. Typically, they were tenants who rented a specified piece of land from one of the large landholders. Very poor peasants were landless peasants who worked as occasional hired laborers, usually in a depressed labor market. Although these class categories were more elaborately defined during the subsequent land reform period, they were simple and serviceable ways to describe the social reality of the 1930s and 1940s and were used consistently by both interviewees and written sources.
3023:
classes in his village still burned bright in 1971 said that in the pre-1945 period village officials had to be at least middle peasants, and that middle peasants were allied to the landlords and with the hamlet and village te or officials. Village officials were not without their own influence and support against the insurrection, but it was usually not enough to stem the tide. In the market town of Tan Hiep, the village chief had gathered 200 villagers to support the soldiers in the post against the large crown of peasants insurrectionists sweeping through the area. When the crowd approached, however, the villagers all fled, leaving the village officials and militia to cope with the situation. As during the "Vietnam War" period, loyalty to the authority structure did not always extend to defending it to the death, and there was often an asymmetry of commitment between the followers of the opposing sides.
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government, and were not able to rise at the same time as their comrades in other areas even though they received the insurrection order on 22 November. The ICP in this region lost a good opportunity, given that the Inter-Provincial
Committee of Long Xuyen was very active in preparing the insurrection. The Long Xuyen Committee ordered its party members to manufacture arms and ammunition in September, and that in October it asked the Cochin China Committee to send instructors to teach tactics to the guerrilla groups newly formed by the committee. Moreover, the Far West region had serious peasants problems in the second half of the 1930s which would have been an important factor if the ICP were to win over the masses should the insurrection have taken place as originally planned.
3027:
general awareness of a great divide between the minority of the rich and the majority of the poor in their province. The social and economic dominance of a small number of large landholders and the very high percentage of the rural population who were poor and landless peasants make it easy to see why the simple rich-poor categorization of provincial society was prevalent at the time. It is also clear, however, that almost all observers of these events had little difficulty in retrospectively identifying the different socioeconomic positions of the protagonists of social conflict in the 1930s in terms of the more highly differentiated class categories of a later period, even though the exact designations and terminology may have been applied retrospectively.
2954:
schedule the outbreak for the night of 22–23 November. the uprising was concentrated on several district and provincial capitals throughout the Mekong delta. French military posts were to be attacked, communications links cut, and revolutionary power established at the village level. Attacks took place as scheduled in such delta towns as Soc Trang, Bac Lieu, Tan An, Vinh Long and Can Tho, as well as in rural areas along the edge of the Plain of Reeds. In some areas, the masses seized power, formed revolutionary tribunals to punish class enemies, and raised flags in the name of the
National United Front. These were plans for an attack on Saigon as well, but the French prevented disturbances by confiscating weapons and blocking entrances to the city.
3044:
later, on the seventeenth anniversary of the uprising, the former chairman of the Viet Minh
Committee of the south, Tran Van Giau, cited the November 1940 example as a warning to militants to bide their time against Diem's repressions, least a premature uprising in the south be crushed in 1957 as in 1940 The principal reasons for these failures were that the communists had insufficient men and arms and that the colonial police and security services had broken into the party's communications networks. The repression was directed by the governor of Indochina, Rivoal and his inspector of political and administrative affairs, Brasey, whose chief aide was Nguyen Van Tam. Some 50 people were guillotined, including
2988:
November persuaded ICP insurgents in other provinces to fight. As a result, from 23 November, the insurrection spread to many provinces, even though by that time the government had started to retaliate by using all its force to suppress the rebellion. These included aerial bombardment and the leveling of many villages. However, the government was not able to stop the uprising in the provinces. Village notables were the main targets of the attacks because they were representatives of the colonial administration of the village level. Even though their administrative power was very limited, they were still the liaison between the colonial administration and the peasants.
2860:
uprising. A plan of action was worked out with the aim of combining the actions of military units in revolt with those of worker and peasant organizations throughout Cochin-China. As it so happened, the French did not go to war with
Thailand, and thus they could devote their whole strength against the insurgents and easily decimated the South Vietnamese ICP. With this, it can be said that the insurgents who carried out the uprising had initially believed that Thailand would involve themselves in the conflict, causing a distraction to the French, which would help them, unfortunately for them, this would not happen.
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organization under the direction of Stalin School graduate Tran Van Giau had possessed a unique degree of autonomy and under Giau's autocratic leadership was somewhat inclined toward making decisions independent of the national party leadership. Now, with almost all members of the ICP central
Committee in the South in jail, regional leaders took matters in their own hands and began to plan for a general uprising in response to the decisions reached at the Sixth Plenum the previous November. After the French surrender to Nazi Germany in June, they hastily convened an expanded Party conference in
3014:
but no serious attacks were undertaken. In Gia Dinh, as well as in Tan An and the Plain of Reeds, the insurgents had to retreat to the dense forests to avoid being hunted down by the authorities. According to a French report, by mid-December, the government was able to control the situation. Thousands of villages who had fled during the insurrection started to return to their homes. Schools reopened and confidence in the French authorities among the
Vietnamese was gradually revived. By the end of the year, the insurrection had completely died down.
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130:
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2919:, representative of the Central Committee of the Indochinese Communist Party, to consult with members of the ICP Regional Committee for Tonkin. North Vietnamese delegates had not been able to attend the Sixth Plenum in November 1939 and were thus not well informed about the Central Committee's plans to move toward a general insurrection against French colonial rule.
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unemployment all served to cut the standard of living for the average
Vietnamese. Throughout the spring and summer of 1940, peasant riots against French conscription for military service along the Cambodian-Thai border, where the threat of war was high. Peasant protests against conscription took place in several towns and villages throughout the delta.
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in Cochin China should be postponed until the
Central Committee could send a representative to check on the national situation and provide proper leadership. If the uprising should fail in spite of such preparations, the rebels must be prepared to make an orderly retreat and transform the defeated forces into guerrilla units.
3060:
leadership. It did, of course, result in the temporary breakup of the small band of clandestine organizers. Despite the reports of hundreds or even thousands of participants, and the temporary immobilization of the French authority in much of My Tho province, it seems that the number of core activists was relatively small.
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The French response was swift. In Saigon an attempted uprising was quelled in a day; in the delta, unrest dragged on and was finally put down in early
December. Unlike their counterparts in the Viet Bac, the rebels were unable to preserve their forces by retreating to isolated areas, and their defeat
3013:
district on 13 and 14 December which cost the life of M Olivier, A French lighthouse keeper. By the second half of December, the insurrection had lost momentum and was dying down. In most areas the ICP had to retreat, and the insurgents were only able to distribute tracts or threaten village notables
2841:
peninsula. From here, Vietnam was controlled by two foreign powers, the French and the Japanese. The Vietnamese appear to have expected Japanese support for the uprising, given the fact that the Japanese had been aiding most other Southeast Asian nations with the hope that they would support the plan
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The most intense fighting occurred simultaneously on 22 and 23 November 1940 in Gia Dinh, Cholon, My Tho and Can Tho, which were centres of inter-provincial committees of the ICP. The attacks started at 10 pm on 22 November. The success of the insurrection in Gia Dinh My Tho and Can Tho on 22 and 23
2906:
All blacksmiths produced weapons day by day in order to provide ammunition to army. The anti-war movement, combating the soldiers with the slogan "no soldier, no penny for imperial war" took place the people and soldiers community. Due to good military service, most of the 15,000 Vietnamese soldiers
3043:
The Communist movement in the south was gravely set back after the suppression of the 1940 uprising, an upsurge of the Hoa Hao movement taking advantage of the new situation. Surviving Communists then purged their own ranks, condemning several to death on the accusation of being double agents. Much
3030:
The seems to have been a case of a new analytic framework so exactly fitting the reality of the times that it seemed always to have been true. Everyone knew, for example, that landlords were people who owned more land than was necessary to support their families, and that they did not work the land
3022:
The picture of solidarity between the revolutionaries and the rich peasants is contradicted by another account of the period, that the revolutionaries destroyed the crops of some rich peasants and well-off middle peasants who possessed a lot of land. A poor peasant whose resentment of the wealthier
2953:
In the Mekong delta, however, the Regional Committee was growing increasingly restive. With 15,000 in the uprising organization and the rebellious troops increasingly impatient for action, the Regional Committee now decided that it could wait no longer for the return of Phan Dang Luu and decided to
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Given the judgments above, it is not surprising that the meeting suspected that conditions for an armed uprising were lacking in the South. Local forces were too small, and units in the Center and the North were in no position to give adequate support. So Phan Dang Luu was informed that an uprising
2893:
As the wave of discontent in the South rose, the Party's Regional Committee for Cochin China attempted to ride the crest, concentrating its propaganda on peasants and newly drafted Vietnamese troops. Since the restoration of the Party apparatus in Cochin China in the early 1930s, the regional Party
3026:
The class categories mentioned in later accounts by witnesses of the 1940 Cochinchina Uprising and the August 1945 revolution were assigned only later, during the land reform after 1945. several interview sources assert that there was little or no awareness of class labels at this time, but only a
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The main targets were the three town centres and their suburbs. Strategic targets such as post offices, police stations and ferries were included in the attack plans. Due to bad communications between party members and the arrest of important members of the party, the provinces of Rach Gia and Bac
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rule. With the anti-French spirit and the Bac Son Uprising, many people from South Vietnamese provinces revolted against the French and Japanese. In Southern Indochina, the French had to deal with claims from Thailand which, backed by the Japanese, demanded territories situated to the Northwest of
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The meeting also took steps to reconstitute the ICP Central Committee, which had become nearly defunct as the result of the recent arrest of most of its members in the South. Acting on the authority of the one remaining member, Phan Dang Luu, those in attendance named themselves a new provisional
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in the western delta. The revolt began in the Plaine des Joncs in the western delta and none of the northern provinces were affected. The slogans of the uprising included "Land to the Tillers, Freedom for the workers and independence for Vietnam". One of the leaders of the uprising was a man who
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Immediately after the meeting, Phan Dang Luu returned to Cochin China to give his colleagues the bad news that their comrades in Tonkin did not favor a general uprising. But on the evening of 22 November he was arrested by French police at the railway station in Saigon. Advised in advance of the
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Popular discontent was on the rise in the South and provided, at least momentarily, an opportunity for the ICP to release its frustration at the events since the previous September. At the root of the unrest in the South was economics. High taxes, a fall in the price of rice, and an increase in
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in Laos. Units of Vietnamese troops were sent to the front to fight the Thais. Some of these units stationed in Saigon decided to rebel against being sent to the front. This plan was part of the program of the Party Committee for Cochin-China which from June 1940 on had actively prepared for an
3059:
The Cochinchina Uprising was a traumatic event but it did not leave as big a mark on My Tho as might have been expected. The event does not feature prominently in revolutionary historiography because it was judged to be a rash and premature act, taken without authorization from the Party's top
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This was the period where the insurrection in Gia Dinh, My Tho and Can Tho became less intense and the ICP was on the defensive but when fighting broke out in the inter-provincial region of Long Xuyen. Communist insurgents in that region were in disarray due to the repressive measures of the
3055:
In the face of defeat, the province insurrection leadership made three decisions. First, put all the people captured during the uprising of trial right away. The intention was to scare them but release them, recognizing that if they were badly mistreated, they-or their friends, allies and
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The course of the insurrection can be divided into three periods. The first period was from 22 to 30 November which was the most intense period of the insurgency. The second was from 30 to 13 December when the insurrection spread to the region of the inter-provincial committee of
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The revolutionary governments were existed in very short time, the longest one in My Tho was about 49 days. French colonialists vehemently oppressed, seeking to destroy the revolutionary government. It was during this uprising that the flag of North Vietnam was raised at
2902:
and agreed to initiate preparations for the insurrection. By autumn, half the indigenous troops in Cochin China were allegedly sympathetic to the Communists, with ICP sources estimating that up to 30 percent of the entire population of the colony was on its side.
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central committee with Truong Cinh serving temporarily as general secretary until new elections could be held. This November meeting of the Regional Committee of Tonkin is thus known in Party histories as the Seventh Plenum of the ICP.
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Lieu remained calm during this period, even though Rach Gia was the first province able to form an insurrection group, in September 1940, Ben Tre also saw only small-scale fighting during this period.
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Party leaders in Cochin China, however, were understandably hoping to seek support for the uprising from revolutionary elements elsewhere in the country, and in October they sent
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were formed in big factories in Saigon such as Ba Son, FACI, pier, Cho Quan lamp. In rural areas, most communes had a squadron or even a guerrilla platoon.
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40:
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Chonchirdsim, Sud (November 1997). "The Indochinese Communist Party and the Nam Ky Uprising in Cochin China November December 1940".
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in early November in a suburb of Hanoi. The meeting took place in the immediate aftermath of the abortive revolt in
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The Indochinese Experience of the French and the Americans, Nationalism and Communism in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam
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later became the father of the trade union movement in Vietnam, Tran Quoc Buu. Buu was the founder of the CVT.
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2846:. Instead, the Vietnamese denounced the Japanese as traitors for not helping them achieve independence from
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Vichy in the tropics: Pétain's national revolution in Madagascar, Guadeloupe, and Indochina, 1940-1944
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Vichy in the tropics: Pétain's national revolution in Madagascar, Guadeloupe, and Indochina, 1940-1944
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2970:. The final period from 12 to 31 December is centered on the Poulo-Obi incident in Bac Lieu
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troops. Given this opportunity, in September, the Japanese invaded the colonised-by-France
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revolt, the French declared martial law and disarmed all indigenous troops in the area.
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The Vietnamese War Revolution And Social Change in the Mekong Delta 1930-1975 Volume 1
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The Vietnamese War Revolution and Social Change in the Mekong Delta 1930-1975 Volume 1
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against the French and Japanese by the Vietnamese in the south (at that time known as
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3172:, 2001, Việt Nam những sự kiện lịch sử (1919–1945), Hà Nội, Nhà xuất bản Giáo dục
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in the French army stationed in Saigon were willing to co-ordinate the uprising.
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110,000 men (total number of troops sent by Vichy France and Thailand during the
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My-Van, Tran (March 1999). "Japan Through Vietnamese Eyes (1905-1945)".
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The high point of this period was the attack on Poulo Obi lighthouse in
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Khủng bố trắng Nam Kỳ khởi nghĩa và khí phách những người phụ nữ ven đô
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Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
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3124:(Revised ed.). Hanoi: The Gioi Publishers. pp. 224–225.
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signaled the temporary collapse of the Party in Cochin China.
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In March 1940, the Standing Committee of the Party, headed by
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VNExpress: Những bức ảnh lịch sử về cuộc Nam Kỳ khởi nghĩa
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to wait for the appropriate moment to launch an uprising.
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Tyson, James L. (1974). "Labor Unions in South Vietnam".
3401:. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. p. 34.
3256:"Inequality and Insurgency in Vietnam: A re-analysis"
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Several members of the regional committee, including
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3431:. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 171.
3416:. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 163.
154:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3368:The Endless War Fifty Years of Struggle in Vietnam
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3139:. Denver: Outskirts Press Inc. p. 183.
55:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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2798:Sino-Vietnamese border and naval conflicts
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2133:
1634:
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1612:
1019:
1005:
997:
797:
783:
775:
715:
701:
693:
677:US bombing of Saigon area and Cam Ranh Bay
530:
516:
508:
290:
265:
232:Learn how and when to remove this message
214:Learn how and when to remove this message
112:Learn how and when to remove this message
3587:Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina
2259:Manchuria and Inner Mongolia (1931–1936)
2200:Manchuria, Korea, and Taiwan (1894–1895)
986:Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina
672:Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina
75:This article includes a list of general
3069:
930:Scuttling of the French fleet at Toulon
657:2nd US bombing of Saigon Naval Shipyard
652:1st US bombing of Saigon Naval Shipyard
3353:. New York: ME Sharpe. pp. 40–41.
3195:The Communist Road to Power in Vietnam
3157:The Communist Road to Power In Vietnam
2844:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
1117:Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse
3663:Vietnamese Revolutionary Youth League
3372:. New York: The Free Press. pp.
3344:
3342:
3340:
3324:
3322:
3018:Class distinction during the uprising
2878:and guerrillas which directly led by
847:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
557:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
280:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
7:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3150:
3148:
3146:
2992:The 30 November – 13 December period
899:Capture of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
152:adding citations to reliable sources
311:22 November 1940 - 31 December 1940
3333:. New York: ME Sharpe. p. 39.
3079:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
611:Chinese bombing of Gia Lam airport
81:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
3364:Harrison, James Pinckney (1982).
3197:. Westview Press. pp. 65–66.
3159:. Westview Press. pp. 64–65.
36:This article has multiple issues.
3512:Capture of the Citadel of Saigon
2808:FULRO insurgency against Vietnam
2240:German Pacific possesions (1914)
969:Battles of Khai Phat and Na Ngan
541:French Indochina in World War II
465:
456:
445:
434:
414:
401:
389:
376:
362:
321:
128:
66:
25:
2215:Manchuria and Korea (1904–1905)
628:1943 Chinese bombing of Vietnam
139:needs additional citations for
44:or discuss these issues on the
3451:Cuộc Nam Kỳ khởi nghĩa năm xưa
3427:Jennings, Eric Thomas (2001).
3412:Jennings, Eric Thomas (2001).
3305:10.1080/00927678.1974.10587653
623:US bombing of Haiphong harbour
1:
3951:French protectorate of Tonkin
2855:and on the right bank of the
2505:Mediterranean and Middle East
284:Japanese Invasion of Thailand
3963:French colony of Cochinchina
3939:French protectorate of Annam
3522:Ba Dinh uprising / Cần Vương
2486:Manchuria and Northern Korea
2088:Manchuria and Northern Korea
3329:Elliott, David W.P (2003).
2898:, deep in the heart of the
1886:Dutch East Indies (1941–42)
1843:Strategic bombing (1944–45)
407:Indochinese Communist Party
274:Part of the prelude to the
261:Indochinese Communist Party
163:"1940 Cochinchina uprising"
4088:
4067:Communist Party of Vietnam
3678:Communist Party of Vietnam
3349:Elliott, David WP (2003).
3254:Paige, Jeffery M. (1970).
3233:10.1177/0967828X9700500304
3193:Duiker, William J (1996).
3155:Duiker, William J (1996).
3120:Nguyen, Khac Vien (1993).
2164:Military campaigns of the
2035:Volcano and Ryukyu Islands
1557:Burma campaign (1944–1945)
1472:Burma campaign (1942–1943)
1406:Japanese invasion of Burma
4019:
3582:1940 Cochinchina uprising
3552:1916 Cochinchina uprising
3091:10.1017/S0022463400008055
3005:The 13–31 December Period
2983:The 22–30 November Period
2829:In June 1940, France was
2725:
2325:
2205:Liaodong Peninsula (1895)
2175:
1651:
1038:
862:1940 Cochinchina uprising
819:
739:1940 Cochinchina uprising
734:
572:1940 Cochinchina uprising
549:
493:
476:
427:
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354:
303:
289:
273:
3221:South East Asia Research
3135:Truong, Buu Lam (2010).
2491:pre-war border conflicts
2274:Asia-Pacific (1941–1945)
2122:Second Sino-Japanese War
1962:Estevan Point Lighthouse
1717:Indian Ocean (1941–1945)
1668:Marshalls–Gilberts raids
1030:South-East Asian Theater
662:US bombing of Phnom Penh
251:) was an armed peasant
4072:Vietnam in World War II
3658:Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội
3607:Battle of Dien Bien Phu
3397:Dommen, Arthur (2001).
3122:Vietnam, a long history
3048:, the sister in law of
2813:Thai–Laotian Border War
2269:French Indochina (1940)
1724:Japanese merchant raids
1564:Meiktila & Mandalay
827:Attack on Mers-el-Kébir
96:more precise citations.
3668:Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng
3527:Pacification of Tonkin
3494:independence movements
2778:Khmer Rouge–Vietnamese
2023:Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1867:Burma and India (1944)
1690:Gilberts and Marshalls
1399:Burma, India and China
954:Battle of Mont Mouchet
894:Syria–Lebanon campaign
428:Commanders and leaders
259:) in 1940, led by the
4030:independence movement
2825:Historical background
2788:Cambodian–Thai border
2416:Yugoslavian Partisans
1933:Philippines (1944–45)
1891:Philippines (1941–42)
1496:Burma campaign (1944)
1161:Parit Sulong Massacre
852:1940 Bắc Sơn uprising
640:Khai Phat and Na Ngan
562:1940 Bắc Sơn uprising
494:Casualties and losses
452:Plaek Phibunsongkhram
278:and spillover of the
3557:Thái Nguyên uprising
3542:Yên Thế Insurrection
3517:Cochinchina Campaign
3046:Nguyen Thi Minh Khai
1734:Homfreyganj massacre
1361:Cocos Islands mutiny
1334:Homfreyganj massacre
1100:Malaya and Singapore
911:Battle of Madagascar
872:Battle of Phum Preav
806:Military actions of
744:Battle of Phum Preav
582:Battle of Phum Preav
269:Cochinchina uprising
245:Cochinchina uprising
148:improve this article
3602:First Indochina War
3562:Bazin assassination
2876:Self-defense forces
2762:Cambodian Civil War
2245:Siberia (1918–1922)
1329:Andaman and Nicobar
981:1945 Ba Tơ uprising
964:Liberation of Paris
667:1945 Ba Tơ uprising
3820:Nguyễn Thượng Hiền
3744:Nguyễn Thiện Thuật
3653:Tonkin Free School
3137:A Story Of Vietnam
2783:Cambodian Conflict
2611:French West Africa
2459:South West Pacific
2367:Denmark and Norway
2081:Japanese surrender
2047:Naval bombardments
1977:Fire balloon bombs
1700:Volcano and Ryukyu
1695:Marianas and Palau
1351:Easter Sunday Raid
877:Battle of Ko Chang
764:Battle of Banphlao
754:Battle of Ko Chang
587:Battle of Ko Chang
329:French Cochinchina
4052:Conflicts in 1940
4039:
4038:
3764:Nguyễn Trung Trực
3699:Nguyễn Quang Bích
3643:Empire of Vietnam
3612:Geneva Conference
3592:August Revolution
3572:Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviets
3537:Hanoi Poison Plot
3383:978-0-02-914040-6
3272:on 25 August 2004
2821:
2820:
2757:Laotian Civil War
2683:
2682:
2604:Strategic bombing
2527:Mediterranean Sea
2282:
2281:
2210:China (1899–1901)
2130:
2129:
1972:Lookout Air Raids
1879:Southwest Pacific
1609:
1608:
1433:Yunnan-Burma Road
1181:Dutch East Indies
1072:August Revolution
994:
993:
959:Battle of Vercors
949:Battle of Glières
937:Battle of Réunion
772:
771:
690:
689:
682:August Revolution
506:
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350:
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249:Nam Kỳ khởi nghĩa
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3996:Nguyễn Trọng Hợp
3932:Governor-General
3927:French Indochina
3815:Nguyễn Thần Hiến
3800:Huỳnh Thúc Kháng
3687:Uprising Leaders
3532:Bãi Sậy uprising
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3265:. Archived from
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3173:
3170:Dương Trung Quốc
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2670:French Indochina
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2102:Manchuria (1945)
1957:Aleutian Islands
1807:Indochina (1945)
1777:Indochina (1940)
1763:2nd Indian Ocean
1746:1st Indian Ocean
1741:Christmas Island
1646:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1613:
1386:2nd Indian Ocean
1381:14 February 1944
1371:13 November 1943
1346:1st Indian Ocean
1341:Christmas Island
1324:Japanese raiders
1303:27 February 1941
1043:French Indochina
1033:
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889:Battle of Angkor
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92:this article by
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4025:Wars in Vietnam
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3860:Phan Văn Trường
3825:Nguyễn Thái Học
3773:Revolutionaries
3768:
3759:Đinh Công Tráng
3749:Tôn Thất Thuyết
3729:Phan Đình Phùng
3714:Nguyễn Hữu Huân
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3507:Siege of Saigon
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2573:Other campaigns
2567:Southern France
2476:Burma and India
2471:South-East Asia
2466:Franco-Thai War
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2264:China (1937–45)
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2030:Mariana Islands
1903:Solomon Islands
1872:Burma (1944–45)
1862:Burma (1942–43)
1857:Burma (1941–42)
1850:Burma and India
1782:Franco-Thai War
1729:Andaman Islands
1656:Central Pacific
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917:Operation Torch
867:Đô Lương mutiny
857:Franco-Thai War
842:Battle of Gabon
837:Battle of Dakar
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749:Đô Lương mutiny
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1114:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1046:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1001:
992:
991:
989:
988:
983:
972:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
940:
939:
934:
933:
932:
920:
913:
902:
901:
896:
891:
880:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
820:
817:
816:
804:
802:
801:
794:
787:
779:
770:
769:
767:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
735:
732:
731:
722:
720:
719:
712:
705:
697:
688:
687:
685:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
643:
642:
631:
630:
625:
614:
613:
602:
601:
590:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
550:
547:
546:
537:
535:
534:
527:
520:
512:
504:
503:
500:
496:
495:
491:
490:
487:
479:
478:
474:
473:
454:
430:
429:
425:
424:
410:
409:
399:
387:
386:
357:
356:
352:
351:
348:
347:
337:
333:
332:
319:
317:
313:
312:
309:
301:
300:
287:
286:
271:
270:
240:
239:
222:
221:
136:
134:
127:
120:
119:
74:
72:
65:
60:
34:
33:
31:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4084:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4057:1940 protests
4055:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4018:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3979:Collaborators
3977:
3969:
3968:Administrator
3966:
3965:
3964:
3961:
3957:
3956:Administrator
3954:
3953:
3952:
3949:
3945:
3944:Administrator
3942:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3910:French rulers
3908:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3805:Vũ Hồng Khanh
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3790:Phan Bội Châu
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3780:Lương Văn Can
3778:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3621:Organisations
3619:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3493:
3486:
3481:
3479:
3474:
3472:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3430:
3423:
3420:
3415:
3408:
3405:
3400:
3393:
3390:
3385:
3379:
3375:
3370:
3369:
3360:
3357:
3352:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3332:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3293:Asian Affairs
3287:
3284:
3268:
3264:
3263:cambridge.org
3257:
3250:
3247:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3196:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3166:
3163:
3158:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3138:
3131:
3128:
3123:
3116:
3113:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3073:
3070:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2991:
2989:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2928:Phan Dang Luu
2925:
2920:
2918:
2917:Phan Đăng Lưu
2910:
2908:
2904:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2887:
2885:
2884:Phan Đăng Lưu
2881:
2877:
2873:
2871:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2849:
2845:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2824:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2719:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2699:
2697:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2550:Syria–Lebanon
2548:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2454:Pacific Ocean
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2423:Eastern Front
2421:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2372:Western Front
2370:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2324:
2319:
2316:Campaigns of
2310:
2305:
2303:
2298:
2296:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2228:Taishō period
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2195:Ryukyu (1879)
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2185:Taiwan (1874)
2183:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2174:
2169:
2158:
2153:
2151:
2146:
2144:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2062:Kuril Islands
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1945:North America
1943:
1942:
1939:
1938:Borneo (1945)
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1758:Bay of Bengal
1756:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1645:
1637:
1632:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1585:
1584:Tanlwe Chaung
1582:
1580:
1579:Ramree Island
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1503:Chindits (II)
1501:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1228:Badung Strait
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1173:2nd Singapore
1171:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1112:1st Singapore
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1003:
1002:
999:
987:
984:
982:
979:
978:
977:
976:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
946:
945:
944:
938:
935:
931:
928:
927:
926:
925:
921:
919:
918:
914:
912:
909:
908:
907:
906:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
886:
885:
884:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
823:
818:
813:
809:
800:
795:
793:
788:
786:
781:
780:
777:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
736:
733:
728:
718:
713:
711:
706:
704:
699:
698:
695:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
649:
648:
647:
641:
638:
637:
636:
635:
629:
626:
624:
621:
620:
619:
618:
612:
609:
608:
607:
606:
600:
597:
596:
595:
594:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
554:
553:
548:
543:
533:
528:
526:
521:
519:
514:
513:
510:
501:
498:
497:
492:
488:
485:
481:
480:
475:
472:
471:Phan Đăng Lưu
468:
463:
459:
455:
453:
448:
442:
437:
432:
431:
426:
423:
411:
408:
404:
400:
398:
385:
374:
373:
372:
371:
359:
358:
353:
345:
341:
338:
335:
334:
330:
318:
315:
314:
310:
307:
306:
302:
299:
293:
288:
285:
281:
277:
272:
267:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
236:
233:
218:
215:
207:
204:December 2017
196:
193:
189:
186:
182:
179:
175:
172:
168:
165: –
164:
160:
159:Find sources:
153:
149:
143:
142:
137:This article
135:
131:
126:
125:
116:
113:
105:
102:December 2017
95:
91:
85:
84:
78:
73:
64:
63:
58:
56:
49:
48:
43:
42:
37:
32:
23:
22:
19:
3865:Trần Cao Vân
3845:Nguyễn Thành
3840:Nguyễn Quyền
3785:Trần Quý Cáp
3754:Cầm Bá Thước
3734:Tống Duy Tân
3704:Võ Duy Dương
3581:
3577:World War II
3428:
3422:
3413:
3407:
3398:
3392:
3367:
3359:
3350:
3330:
3299:(2): 70–82.
3296:
3292:
3286:
3274:. Retrieved
3267:the original
3262:
3249:
3224:
3220:
3194:
3165:
3156:
3136:
3130:
3121:
3115:
3082:
3078:
3072:
3058:
3054:
3042:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3008:
2999:
2995:
2986:
2972:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2921:
2914:
2905:
2900:Mekong delta
2892:
2888:
2874:
2867:
2857:Mekong River
2828:
2769:
2768:
2746:
2745:
2739:
2730:
2628:
2627:
2616:Indian Ocean
2572:
2571:
2541:Middle East
2515:North Africa
2503:
2502:
2442:Asia-Pacific
2440:
2439:
2327:
2318:World War II
2252:Shōwa period
2250:
2249:
2226:
2225:
2220:Korea (1910)
2179:Meiji period
2177:
2120:
2119:
2094:
2074:
2040:
1987:
1982:Project Hula
1967:Fort Stevens
1896:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1710:Ocean Island
1673:
1663:Pearl Harbor
1601:Sittang Bend
1589:
1528:Tennis Court
1391:17 July 1944
1317:
1313:
1296:Indian Ocean
1281:North Borneo
1261:2nd Java Sea
1251:Sunda Strait
1246:1st Java Sea
1239:
1127:
1067:Coup de main
974:
973:
942:
941:
923:
916:
904:
903:
882:
881:
861:
821:
812:World War II
808:Vichy France
738:
645:
644:
633:
632:
616:
615:
604:
603:
592:
591:
571:
551:
370:Vichy France
360:
355:Belligerents
248:
244:
243:
228:
210:
201:
191:
184:
177:
170:
158:
146:Please help
141:verification
138:
108:
99:
80:
52:
45:
39:
38:Please help
35:
18:
4006:Nguyễn Thân
3991:Trần Bá Lộc
3922:Jean Decoux
3850:Tạ Thu Thâu
3830:Hồ Chí Minh
3709:Trương Định
3638:Duy Tân Hội
3547:World War I
2924:Truong Cinh
2911:Development
2864:Preparation
2851:Cambodia's
2599:Air Warfare
2520:East Africa
2107:Mutanchiang
1928:New Britain
1644:Pacific War
1465:Yenangyaung
1413:Bilin River
1266:8 June 1945
441:Jean Decoux
298:Cochinchina
257:Cochinchina
94:introducing
4046:Categories
3891:Thành Thái
3810:Ngô Đức Kế
3492:Vietnamese
3276:9 November
3064:References
2960:Long Xuyen
2880:Võ Văn Tần
2870:Võ Văn Tần
2640:Yugoslavia
2621:Madagascar
2584:Antarctica
2562:Dodecanese
2382:Resistance
2350:Winter War
2340:Phoney War
2052:Sagami Bay
2041:Starvation
1923:New Guinea
1550:Mount Song
1356:Madagascar
1308:8 May 1941
1286:Balikpapan
1271:2nd Borneo
1203:Balikpapan
1188:1st Borneo
1146:Slim River
924:Case Anton
462:Võ Văn Tần
174:newspapers
77:references
41:improve it
3694:Phạm Bành
3673:Việt Minh
3628:Cần Vương
3107:159725770
3039:Aftermath
2853:Tonle Sap
2839:Indochina
2731:Masterdom
2498:Australia
2394:Alps 1940
2387:1944–1945
2096:Kantokuen
2003:Air raids
1918:Australia
1908:Coral Sea
1802:Singapore
1797:Hong Kong
1540:Myitkyina
1508:Admin Box
1455:Shwedaung
1223:Palembang
1092:Air raids
832:Gibraltar
47:talk page
3886:Hàm Nghi
3874:Emperors
3795:Cường Để
3313:30171359
3241:23746947
3099:20072109
2976:Cao Lanh
2968:Bac Lieu
2964:Rach Gia
2936:Viet Bac
2842:for the
2660:Bulgaria
2589:Atlantic
2579:Americas
2532:Adriatic
2114:Chongjin
2075:Downfall
2013:Yokosuka
1830:Tiderace
1787:Thailand
1574:Hill 170
1523:Sangshak
1489:Chindits
1484:The Hump
1428:Taukkyan
1318:Kormoran
1107:Invasion
1087:Invasion
1080:Thailand
1062:Invasion
1055:Ko Chang
477:Strength
397:Thailand
316:Location
282:and the
253:uprising
16:Uprising
4011:Lê Hoan
3901:Bảo Đại
3896:Duy Tân
3633:Đông Du
2962:and to
2932:Bac Son
2833:by the
2831:invaded
2665:Hungary
2655:Romania
2511:Africa
2411:Balkans
2406:Britain
2360:Lapland
2355:Karelia
2345:Finland
2067:Shumshu
1952:Ellwood
1817:Vietnam
1590:Dracula
1569:Pakokku
1545:Mogaung
1448:Toungoo
1438:Tachiao
1366:Réunion
1276:Tarakan
1240:Langley
1218:Sumatra
1198:Tarakan
1128:Krohcol
810:during
502:Unknown
499:Unknown
489:Unknown
346:victory
296:Map of
188:scholar
90:improve
3881:Tự Đức
3500:Events
3380:
3311:
3239:
3105:
3097:
3011:Ca Mau
2896:My Tho
2748:Second
2594:Arctic
2433:Sicily
2335:Poland
2329:Europe
1837:Zipper
1823:Jurist
1792:Malaya
1751:Ceylon
1685:Midway
1533:Kohima
1518:Imphal
1479:Arakan
1443:Oktwin
1314:Sydney
1193:Manado
1141:Kampar
419:
394:
381:
367:
340:Franco
336:Result
326:
190:
183:
176:
169:
161:
79:, but
3374:79–80
3309:JSTOR
3270:(PDF)
3259:(PDF)
3237:JSTOR
3103:S2CID
3095:JSTOR
2771:Third
2740:First
2675:Japan
2650:Italy
2629:Coups
2537:Malta
2481:Japan
2449:China
2428:Italy
2008:Tokyo
1996:Japan
1913:Timor
1460:Prome
1233:Timor
1208:Ambon
1168:Endau
1151:Gemas
1136:Gurun
1122:Jitra
422:Japan
195:JSTOR
181:books
3378:ISBN
3278:2018
2966:and
2835:Nazi
2645:Iraq
2555:Iran
2545:Iraq
2399:1944
2377:1940
2018:Kure
1705:Truk
1513:U Go
1423:Pegu
1256:Java
1238:USS
1156:Muar
975:1945
943:1944
905:1942
883:1941
822:1940
646:1945
634:1944
617:1943
605:1942
593:1941
552:1940
344:Thai
308:Date
167:news
3301:doi
3229:doi
3087:doi
1316:vs
150:by
4048::
3376:.
3339:^
3321:^
3307:.
3295:.
3261:.
3235:.
3223:.
3203:^
3177:^
3145:^
3101:.
3093:.
3083:30
3081:.
3052:.
2882:,
1988:PX
1897:RY
263:.
50:.
3484:e
3477:t
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3315:.
3303::
3297:2
3280:.
3243:.
3231::
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3109:.
3089::
2709:e
2702:t
2695:v
2308:e
2301:t
2294:v
2156:e
2149:t
2142:v
1674:K
1635:e
1628:t
1621:v
1020:e
1013:t
1006:v
798:e
791:t
784:v
716:e
709:t
702:v
531:e
524:t
517:v
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192:·
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53:(
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