434:. The migrating large quake pattern suggests that the North Anatolian fault responds to built up stress on the fault by triggering a pulse of strain on a bordering unruptured fault section which drops the strain after exceedance of stress limits. By determining the timing of these earthquakes on the fault, the understanding of these processes resulting in fault rupture can be enhanced. A long, historical record of many surface rupturing earthquakes on this fault documents extensive and destructive damage and casualties on the North Anatolian Fault. The historical records provide precise time-related constraints on many earthquakes over the past 2,000 years. Increasing numbers of paleo-seismic investigations have been undertaken on the fault, and these investigations and studies suggest that the earthquake record is not complete, particularly in the central areas of the fault. Additionally, the record of historical earthquakes provide little spatial constraint on the places that have had a surface rupture.
475:. Between these buildings, the Administration of Liquors was damaged the most, with its interior structure being severely damaged along with dangerous cracks on walls. However, no casualties were caused in the liquor warehouse. The building was later visited by the management, which they inspected the building and later revealed that only the tobacco warehouse would be operational and be benefited from. Another building that was damaged was the Nasrullah Mosque, which had a lot of small cracks including the dome, was closed for operation, only to be reopened later after an inspection from architects from
590:
the construction of a barrack and also requested 25,000 liras for recovery efforts. In the next few days, more barracks were built for affected foreign civil servants. The
Ministry of Public Works sent over an architect as well as some other engineers from Kastamonu to inspect the destroyed and damaged buildings in the area as well as a team of electric engineers to fix the electricity grid of the area. 15 days after the destructive quake, the power of Tosya and nearby areas were restored. Meanwhile, since the governor was in Ankara, the vice-governor of Kastamonu, the local
479:. The Gazipasa School was heavily damaged as well. The roof of the school collapsed and very deep cracks were observed on the top floor of the school. Other than that, the Kastamonu Castle was damaged and 62 nearby homes were evacuated by the order of the local police department. In the next few days, the Kastamonu Municipality ordered some experts to review the castle, who decided to repair the castle. To do that, 20,000 lira was requested. Along with the damage, landslides occurred near the city center which some damaged homes and killed a few people.
30:
422:. Large earthquakes measuring 7+ magnitudes on the North Anatolian fault in the 1900s have ruptured in a migrating sequence from the east towards the west. This pattern indicates a rather strong relation between the fault ruptures and an increased risk of rupture on bordering sections of the fault. Due the latest earthquake in the migrating sequence occurring at the eastern edge of the
79:
65:
37:
51:
524:. More than 100 houses were flattened in the villages there, and in other surrounding villages severe damage was done to buildings and homes. In the district's city center, havoc was caused in 7 neighborhoods, and barely any homes were left standing. Other than homes, official and public institution buildings were also damaged. An electrical power plant, a
541:, in Kastamonu and in surrounding areas an estimated 3,709 buildings were destroyed, 2,705 buildings were left uninhabitable. According to the latest figures, in the surroundings of Kastamonu (which includes Tosya and Kargı) 6,534 buildings were completely destroyed and 1,172 buildings were almost destroyed.
602:
in Ankara invited the governors in the affected areas for a meeting. In the meeting, they agreed to rebuild damaged villages, recover from all damage and losses as soon as possible, rebuild official buildings, provide farmers and other civilians with the necessary equipment and seeds, to prepare the
442:
The earthquake reportedly struck during a cloudy and rainy night, and first started with light shaking which intensified and lasted for around 4 minutes. The residents near the epicenter were awakened by the sound of thunder and humming and saw that they were shaking like a cradle. Shortly after the
390:
on the north. The deformation of the plate is facilitated by three important tectonic forces relative to a stable
Eurasian Plate: one being the pushing force done by the Arabian Plate below which is heading northward, one being the opposite, pulling force done by the extension in the western part of
594:
commander, the mayor of Tosya and the chief constable visited the area and surveyed the damage. After a few days, the governor returned to
Kastamonu, checked the damage in the surrounding buildings, consulted the injured at the hospital and then later visited Tosya. After taking care of the victims
589:
As a result of the earthquake and the damage, the Tosya district governor instantly took control of the incident and started rescue operations. The local government there served the victims with food and temporary tents for housing. Before winter came, both Tosya and Kargı's governing body started
482:
Among other neighborhoods in the
Kastamonu area, many had collapsed walls. 8 buildings were flattened, and 110 buildings were damaged, which also included some official buildings. 62 other homes were evacuated due to the fear of collapsing. In smaller villages, 143 buildings were flattened and 269
528:
processing factory, a community centre, a military recruitment office, the police department, Ulu Mosque, Abdurrahman Mosque, Pazar and
Ahmetaga Mosques were completely left in ruins of debris and the 370-year old Yeni Mosque was heavily damaged, but despite the majority of the mosque's structure
515:
district of Çorum, transportation was restricted since roads and bridges to Tosya were severely damaged. Along with that, the telegraph line between
Kastamonu, Tosya and Kargı was severely damaged and was closed down. Due to this, the Kastamonu city center was not able be informed of the disaster
595:
there for a week, he later moved to Kargı. Meanwhile, 2 members of the parliament representing
Kastamonu visited the city as well as a representative of the Ministry of Agriculture. In the following days and weeks, more officials visited the victims and the area that got struck.
519:
Since the epicenter was in Tosya and the houses there were not very stable, the most damage was observed there and most of the district turned into piles of rubble. The earthquake had a very significant effect in villages near the point where the Devrez Stream connects into the
506:
district was also affected. 2 villages were completely left in ruins and in 9 other villages 54 homes were destroyed. Many casualties were reported. Right after the earthquake, a fire blazed out in the district. Along with the heavy damage in villages, a mosque's
603:
construction commissions and begin the reconstruction of buildings that are earthquake-resistant in spring and manage earthquake-related laws accordingly. Separately, in provinces that were further out which were also damaged, wood from the
618:. Over the next weeks and months, more official departments and municipalities donated construction material, food, farming material and health-related support to the provinces that got affected by the earthquake.
462:
The damage and impacts from the earthquake were widespread, however most of the damage was found in the
Kastamonu Province. There, following the earthquake, the government house, Administration of Liquors, an old
557:
newspaper announced that there were 617 casualties. On 13 December 1943, the numbers were reported at 1,071 dead with 1,293 injured by the Health and Social
Support Minister in the Grand National Assembly.
976:
418:, which is a fault line around 1500 km long, right-lateral, strike-slip plate boundary fault between the Eurasian Plate and the Anatolian Plate that travels across the northern section of
549:
Many casualties were reported, with Tosya having most of them. 2 days after the earthquake, the casualty figure was 577 with around 300 injured, as announced by an official in the
574:
1096:
1024:
Kubat, A. S.; Eyüboĝlu, E.; Ertekin, Ö.; Sari, F. (2008), "Earthquake as a Fact of
Istanbul: Risk-based Strategy and an Action Plan for the Vulnerable Zeytinburnu Area",
897:"Bogazici University Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute National Earthquake Monitoring Center (NEMC) List of earthquakes 1900–2004 (Büyük Depremler)"
1704:
874:
2068:
1988:
1378:
778:
511:
also collapsed in the Taşköprü city center as well as some shops. Most of the damage in the district was in the part bordering the Tosya district. In the
977:"A relict paleoseismic record of seven earthquakes between 2000 B.C. and 600 A.D. on the central North Anatolian fault at Elmacik, near Osmancik, Turkey"
1943:
430:, the possible westward continuity of the pattern involves a very important and likely deadly hazard to one of the most populous cities in the world,
29:
255:
1973:
1305:
1649:
2219:
1089:
1993:
1424:
2229:
1512:
1500:
1041:
957:
502:
district however, damage was observed. In villages within the district, 39 homes were destroyed and 4 other homes were damaged. Areas of the
1887:
1372:
2013:
1797:
1068:
2224:
1697:
682:"Büyük Hareket: 26 Kasım 1943 Tarihli Tosya-Lâdik Depremi'nin Kastamonu Merkez ve Tosya İlçesindeki Etkileri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme"
1597:
1439:
722:
188:
102:
2183:
2234:
1742:
1655:
1082:
550:
2163:
2123:
2098:
1968:
1271:
779:"A 2000-Year-Long Paleoseismologic Record of Earthquakes along the Central North Anatolian Fault, from Trenches at Alayurt, Turkey"
1963:
1192:
1433:
1415:
870:
562:
116:
1983:
1363:
1299:
1186:
928:
566:
309:
2204:
1807:
1787:
1690:
1149:
1953:
1762:
1747:
1713:
1201:
637:
1882:
1314:
1207:
627:
2158:
2128:
503:
1608:
1555:
1547:
1492:
1401:
1346:
1285:
1227:
1168:
1160:
1111:
632:
2048:
2003:
1998:
1867:
1640:
1387:
2173:
2148:
2143:
2133:
1933:
1907:
1897:
1244:
91:
2209:
2168:
2118:
2058:
2043:
2008:
1892:
1847:
1837:
1506:
1253:
1119:
521:
337:
2153:
2088:
2018:
1958:
1923:
1877:
1817:
1588:
1524:
1448:
1354:
1134:
864:
396:
163:
2178:
2108:
2103:
471:, Republic Elementary School, Nasrullah Mosque, other mosques and other workshops were damaged with cracks in
483:
homes were damaged. The Golkoy Institute's 2nd building, which was home to 1,000 students, was also damaged.
446:
The Tosya-Ladik earthquake ruptured a 280-km-long segment of the North Anatolian fault, from the district of
2214:
2083:
2073:
2038:
1872:
1842:
1822:
1782:
1772:
1616:
1469:
1454:
1323:
1235:
1213:
1140:
2028:
1938:
1902:
1812:
1802:
1792:
1777:
1767:
1757:
1752:
1732:
1727:
1631:
1564:
1533:
1478:
1460:
1409:
1293:
1177:
736:
561:
In the next few decades, a variety of casualty estimates were provided for this event. The United States'
301:
2113:
2093:
2053:
2033:
2023:
1948:
1862:
1857:
1832:
1827:
1622:
1582:
1573:
1518:
525:
427:
415:
408:
223:
614:
and the Kastamonu Municipality supplied doctors, medicines and food such as bread, cheese, olives and
2138:
2078:
2063:
1928:
1852:
1737:
1262:
1125:
988:
829:
790:
748:
611:
454:
in the Samsun province. The scarps caused by the rupture also had slip of 2-3 meters in some places.
404:
498:
districts, the earthquake was felt, however no damage was caused nor mentioned whatsoever. In the
845:
599:
293:
121:
512:
491:
1037:
953:
922:
373:
341:
1064:
681:
443:
earthquake the local residents woke up and raced into the streets to see what was going on.
108:
1029:
1004:
996:
878:
837:
798:
756:
313:
818:"Space-time migration of earthquakes along the North Anatolian fault zone and seismic gaps"
379:
349:
345:
1028:, cSUR-UT Series: Library for Sustainable Urban Regeneration, vol. 8, p. 280,
992:
833:
794:
752:
581:
lists 4,020 as its primary entry while also acknowledging estimates of 2,824 and 5,000.
949:
392:
387:
383:
357:
353:
2198:
849:
604:
364:. As a result of the earthquake, more than 2,500 were killed and 5,000 were injured.
361:
285:
325:
1033:
537:
A week after the earthquake, according to the information given by the newspaper
817:
591:
468:
423:
400:
737:"Strike-slip fault geometry in Turkey and its influence on earthquake activity"
464:
297:
529:
being damaged to a level of not being able to be used, it was left standing.
516:
instantly. 8 hours after the earthquake, the line was fixed and operational.
203:
190:
975:
Fraser, J.; Hubert-Ferrari, A.; Vanneste, K.; Altinok, S.; Drab, L. (2010).
944:
Utsu, T. R. (2002), "A List of Deadly Earthquakes in the World: 1500–2000",
760:
472:
329:
1074:
716:
386:
that is turning counter-clockwise as it heads westward comparative to the
863:
National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) (1972),
431:
1682:
841:
802:
508:
499:
495:
403:
under. The southeastern side of the Anatolian Plate is bordered by the
321:
317:
1009:
896:
399:, and one being a dragging force done on the Anatolian Plate from the
1000:
882:
573:
loss estimate database both list 4,020 fatalities, while the Belgian
476:
419:
333:
241:
686:Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Karatekin Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi
615:
610:
Money, food and other necessary materials were also supplied. The
570:
487:
451:
447:
289:
946:
International Handbook of Earthquake & Engineering Seismology
1686:
1078:
718:
ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1904-2018)
1060:
1026:
Vulnerable Cities: Realities, Innovations and Strategies
1670:
indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
816:
Toksöz, M.N.; Shakal A.F. & Michael A.J. (1979).
577:' EM-DAT database, and Kubat et al. 2008 show 2,824.
575:
Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters
1916:
1720:
1607:
1546:
1491:
1400:
1345:
1284:
1226:
1159:
1110:
268:
247:
237:
229:
219:
182:
174:
158:
150:
142:
127:
114:
101:
90:
78:
411:displacement on this side of the tectonic plate.
783:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
304:of 7.5–7.7 and a maximum felt intensity of XI (
1675:indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
1698:
1090:
607:were distributed out to the public for free.
8:
312:. Its effects were observed for over 45,000
19:
916:
914:
772:
770:
565:'s significant earthquake database and the
1705:
1691:
1683:
1097:
1083:
1075:
18:
1008:
970:
968:
675:
673:
164:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
657:
655:
653:
948:, Part A, Volume 81A (First ed.),
735:Barka, A.A.; Kadinsky-Cade, K. (1988).
649:
467:building, Gazipasa School, a branch of
981:Geological Society of America Bulletin
939:
937:
711:
709:
707:
7:
1152:(5.3 & 5.6, Dec 20 & Dec 24)
578:
450:in Çankırı province all the way to
1061:International Seismological Centre
723:International Seismological Centre
14:
551:Grand National Assembly of Turkey
64:
871:National Geophysical Data Center
563:National Geophysical Data Center
382:is a small piece of continental
336:. Damage was seen in Kastamonu,
77:
63:
49:
35:
28:
1302:(7.2 & 7.5, June 8 & 9)
929:United States Geological Survey
866:Significant Earthquake Database
680:Celebi, Ercan (13 April 2021).
414:The earthquake occurred on the
407:, which is home to most of the
248:
1:
2220:History of Kastamonu Province
638:List of earthquakes in Turkey
553:. In the following days, the
316:. The earthquake was felt in
36:
2230:November 1943 events in Asia
2184:2023 Gaziantep–Kahramanmaraş
1989:1944 Gulf of Edremit–Ayvacik
1034:10.1007/978-4-431-78149-3_14
924:PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog
628:1942 Niksar-Erbaa earthquake
50:
822:Pure and Applied Geophysics
633:List of earthquakes in 1943
395:extension related with the
282:1943 Tosya–Ladik earthquake
20:1943 Tosya–Ladik earthquake
16:Deadly earthquake in Turkey
2251:
2225:History of Samsun Province
1944:1935 Erdek–Marmara Islands
921:USGS (September 4, 2009),
371:
296:, in northern Turkey. The
131:27 November 1943
1665:
391:the plate related to the
24:
2235:1943 disasters in Turkey
1105:Earthquakes in the 1940s
409:left-lateral strike-slip
397:Hellenic subduction zone
1650:Queen Charlotte Islands
1379:Gulf of Edremit–Ayvacik
895:Boğaziçi Üniversitesi.
761:10.1029/tc007i003p00663
178:20 km (12 mi)
2069:1976 Çaldıran–Muradiye
1245:Wairarapa, New Zealand
777:Hartleb, R.D. (2003).
2205:Earthquakes in Turkey
1974:1943 Adapazarı–Hendek
1714:Earthquakes in Turkey
927:, Version 2008_06.1,
416:North Anatolian Fault
288:on 27 November, near
224:North Anatolian Fault
1272:Niksar–Erbaa, Turkey
987:(11–12): 1830–1845.
612:Turkish Red Crescent
405:East Anatolian Fault
1808:1668 North Anatolia
1788:1509 Constantinople
1357:(6.7–.7.8, Jan 15)
993:2010GSAB..122.1830F
834:1979PApGe.117.1258T
795:2003BuSSA..93.1935H
753:1988Tecto...7..663B
598:A month later, the
533:Destroyed buildings
272:2,824–5,000 deaths
200: /
97:1943-11-26 22:20:48
21:
1888:1899 Aydın–Denizli
1763:557 Constantinople
1748:447 Constantinople
1598:Desert Hot Springs
1451:(8.0, 7.8, Sep 12)
1440:Dominican Republic
1296:(7.9–8.3, April 6)
1189:(7.7–8.1, June 26)
1069:authoritative data
842:10.1007/BF00876218
803:10.1785/0120010271
600:Turkish Government
294:Kastamonu Province
284:occurred at 01:20
2192:
2191:
2099:1998 Adana–Ceyhan
2014:1953 Yenice–Gönen
1969:1942 Niksar–Erbaa
1798:1598 Amasya–Çorum
1680:
1679:
1412:(6.1, January 25)
1043:978-4-431-78148-6
959:978-0-12-440652-0
374:Geology of Turkey
300:had an estimated
278:
277:
2242:
2210:1943 earthquakes
2124:2004 Doğubayazıt
1994:1946 Varto–Hınıs
1984:1944 Bolu–Gerede
1979:1943 Tosya–Ladik
1707:
1700:
1693:
1684:
1656:Tierra del Fuego
1434:Vancouver Island
1416:Aleutian Islands
1373:Cornwall–Massena
1326:(7.0, Sept 10)
1306:Adapazarı–Hendek
1099:
1092:
1085:
1076:
1047:
1046:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1001:10.1130/b30081.1
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941:
932:
931:
918:
909:
908:
906:
904:
892:
886:
885:
883:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
860:
854:
853:
828:(6): 1258–1270.
813:
807:
806:
789:(5): 1935–1954.
774:
765:
764:
732:
726:
725:
713:
702:
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677:
522:Kızılırmak River
368:Tectonic setting
302:moment magnitude
264:
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215:
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169:
138:
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22:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2174:2020 Aegean Sea
2149:2017 Aegean Sea
2144:2014 Aegean Sea
1912:
1743:262 SW Anatolia
1716:
1711:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1661:
1625:(7.4, July 10)
1619:(6.7, April 13)
1603:
1576:(6.8, June 28)
1542:
1487:
1418:(8.6, April 1)
1396:
1341:
1317:(7.0, July 23)
1308:(6.6, June 20)
1280:
1247:(7.2, June 24)
1222:
1195:(5.9, Sept 10)
1187:Andaman Islands
1155:
1106:
1103:
1071:for this event.
1056:
1051:
1050:
1044:
1023:
1022:
1018:
974:
973:
966:
960:
943:
942:
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768:
734:
733:
729:
721:, Version 9.1,
715:
714:
705:
695:
693:
679:
678:
651:
646:
624:
587:
547:
535:
486:In Kastamonu's
460:
440:
380:Anatolian Plate
376:
370:
273:
256:
254:
208:
206:
204:40.87°N 33.65°E
202:
199:
194:
191:
189:
187:
186:
168:
143:Local time
134:
132:
128:Local date
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74:
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68:
60:
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40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2246:
2238:
2237:
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2227:
2222:
2217:
2215:1943 in Turkey
2212:
2207:
2197:
2196:
2190:
2189:
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2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
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2101:
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2076:
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2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2009:1952 Hasankale
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1964:1941 Van–Erciş
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1893:1903 Manzikert
1890:
1885:
1883:1898 Balıkesir
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1838:1856 Heraklion
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
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1740:
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1730:
1724:
1722:
1718:
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1712:
1710:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1687:
1678:
1677:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1643:(6.7, Aug 17)
1638:
1629:
1620:
1613:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1595:
1586:
1580:
1571:
1567:(7.2, May 25)
1562:
1558:(8.2, Jan 25)
1552:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1531:
1527:(6.9, Sep 23)
1522:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1497:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1481:(8.1, Dec 21)
1476:
1467:
1463:(6.8, Nov 10)
1458:
1452:
1446:
1437:
1436:(7.3, June 23)
1431:
1427:(5.9, May 31)
1422:
1413:
1406:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1385:
1376:
1370:
1361:
1351:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1335:(7.5, Nov 26)
1330:
1321:
1312:
1303:
1300:Alahan Panjang
1297:
1290:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1274:(7.0, Dec 20)
1269:
1265:(8.2, Aug 24)
1260:
1251:
1242:
1238:(7.9, May 14)
1232:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1216:(7.1, Dec 17)
1211:
1205:
1199:
1190:
1184:
1180:(7.7, Apr 15)
1175:
1171:(5.8, Jan 11)
1165:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1143:(7.7, Nov 10)
1138:
1132:
1123:
1116:
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1107:
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1102:
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1087:
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1054:External links
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950:Academic Press
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388:Eurasian Plate
369:
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274:5,000 injuries
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2110:
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2089:1992 Erzincan
2087:
2085:
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2077:
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2049:1969 Alaşehir
2047:
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2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2004:1951 Kurşunlu
2002:
2000:
1999:1949 Karlıova
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1959:1939 Erzincan
1957:
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1954:1938 Kırşehir
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
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1927:
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1924:1924 Pasinler
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1128:(8.2, May 24)
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1122:(6.9, May 18)
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631:
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621:
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605:state forests
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580:
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185:
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145:
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130:
126:
123:
120:
118:
113:
110:
107:
104:
100:
96:
93:
89:
31:
23:
2134:2011 Kütahya
2084:1986 Malatya
2074:1983 Erzurum
2039:1967 Mudurnu
2019:1957 Fethiye
1978:
1934:1929 Suşehri
1917:Contemporary
1908:1919 Ayvalık
1898:1912 Mürefte
1873:1893 Malatya
1853:1872 Antioch
1843:1859 Erzurum
1823:1766 Marmara
1783:1269 Cilicia
1773:847 Damascus
1672:
1667:
1644:
1635:
1626:
1600:(6.3, Dec 4)
1592:
1577:
1568:
1559:
1537:
1528:
1509:(n/a, May 6)
1482:
1473:
1464:
1457:(7.6, Nov 2)
1443:
1428:
1419:
1391:
1382:
1367:
1358:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1318:
1315:Central Java
1309:
1275:
1266:
1257:
1248:
1239:
1217:
1208:Gloria Fault
1196:
1181:
1172:
1144:
1137:(7.5, Aug 1)
1129:
1065:bibliography
1025:
1019:
984:
980:
945:
923:
901:. Retrieved
899:(in Turkish)
890:
869:(Data Set),
865:
858:
825:
821:
811:
786:
782:
744:
740:
730:
717:
696:17 September
694:. Retrieved
689:
685:
609:
597:
588:
560:
554:
548:
538:
536:
518:
485:
481:
461:
445:
441:
413:
377:
310:MSK-64 scale
306:Catastrophic
305:
281:
279:
259:Catastrophic
258:
209:40.87; 33.65
2169:2020 Bingöl
2159:2020 Elazığ
2129:2010 Elazığ
2119:2003 Bingöl
2059:1971 Bingöl
2044:1968 Bartın
2029:1964 Manyas
1939:1930 Salmas
1903:1914 Burdur
1848:1866 Bingöl
1813:1688 Smyrna
1803:1653 Smyrna
1793:1513 Marash
1778:1114 Marash
1768:840 Erzurum
1758:528 Antioch
1753:526 Antioch
1733:115 Antioch
1728:AD 17 Lydia
1556:Lady Caycay
1425:Varto–Hınıs
1364:Bolu–Gerede
1333:Tosya–Ladik
592:gendarmerie
469:Ziraat Bank
424:Marmara Sea
401:lithosphere
257:MSK-64 XI (
233:Strike-slip
207: /
105: event
2199:Categories
2179:2022 Düzce
2114:2002 Afyon
2109:1999 Düzce
2104:1999 İzmit
2094:1995 Dinar
2054:1970 Gediz
2034:1966 Varto
2024:1957 Abant
1949:1935 Digor
1868:1883 Çeşme
1863:1881 Chios
1858:1875 Dinar
1833:1855 Bursa
1828:1840 Ahora
1721:Historical
1455:Kyrgyzstan
1202:Hyūga-nada
1010:2268/78216
692:(1): 42–64
644:References
545:Casualties
465:Halkevleri
438:Earthquake
372:See also:
298:earthquake
286:local time
269:Casualties
135:1943-11-27
94: time
2079:1983 Biga
2064:1975 Lice
1929:1926 Kars
1738:141 Lycia
1507:Wisconsin
1254:Guatemala
1193:Van–Erciş
1120:El Centro
903:28 August
850:186224522
741:Tectonics
579:Utsu 2002
473:Kastamonu
330:Zonguldak
308:) on the
251:intensity
183:Epicenter
159:Magnitude
154:4 minutes
71:Zonguldak
2164:2020 Van
2139:2011 Van
1641:Karlıova
1589:Ashgabat
1525:Dustabad
1513:Gisborne
1501:Gisborne
1388:Tōnankai
1355:San Juan
1135:Shakotan
622:See also
585:Response
539:Doğrusöz
504:Taşköprü
432:Istanbul
393:back-arc
162:7.5–7.7
151:Duration
146:01:20:48
1617:Olympia
1470:Hsinhua
1449:Sagaing
1324:Tottori
1236:Ecuador
1214:Chungpu
1141:Vrancea
1067:and/or
989:Bibcode
830:Bibcode
791:Bibcode
749:Bibcode
509:minaret
496:Inebolu
338:Çankırı
322:Isparta
318:Trabzon
195:33°39′E
192:40°52′N
133: (
1632:Ambato
1565:Litang
1534:Satipo
1479:Nankai
1410:Valais
1294:Ovalle
1178:Colima
1169:Sa'dah
1063:has a
1040:
956:
848:
555:Birlik
477:Ankara
458:Impact
420:Turkey
350:Samsun
346:Amasya
334:Yozgat
326:Elazığ
242:Turkey
122:ComCat
109:900102
1623:Khait
1583:Salta
1574:Fukui
1519:Assam
846:S2CID
616:halva
571:PAGER
526:paddy
513:Kargı
488:Daday
452:Ladik
448:Ilgaz
428:Izmit
426:, at
384:plate
358:Sinop
354:Tokat
342:Çorum
290:Tosya
220:Fault
175:Depth
115:USGS-
43:Tosya
1609:1949
1548:1948
1493:1947
1461:Peru
1402:1946
1347:1944
1286:1943
1263:Peru
1228:1942
1161:1941
1126:Lima
1112:1940
1059:The
1038:ISBN
954:ISBN
905:2010
875:NOAA
698:2022
567:USGS
500:Araç
494:and
492:Küre
378:The
362:Ordu
360:and
332:and
280:The
249:Max.
230:Type
117:ANSS
57:Ordu
1030:doi
1005:hdl
997:doi
985:122
879:doi
838:doi
826:117
799:doi
757:doi
103:ISC
92:UTC
2201::
1627:‡†
1593:‡†
1529:‡†
1444:‡†
1359:†‡
1337:‡†
1276:†‡
1173:†‡
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1036:,
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781:.
769:^
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684:.
652:^
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490:,
356:,
352:,
348:,
344:,
340:,
328:,
324:,
320:,
314:km
292:,
1706:e
1699:t
1692:v
1673:‡
1668:†
1645:†
1636:†
1578:†
1569:†
1560:†
1538:†
1483:†
1474:†
1465:†
1429:†
1420:†
1392:†
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1368:†
1328:†
1319:†
1310:†
1267:†
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1249:†
1240:†
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1098:e
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1007::
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881::
852:.
840::
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805:.
801::
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759::
751::
745:7
700:.
690:9
261:)
167:w
165:M
137:)
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