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problem proved to be one of the most difficult arising from post-war conditions. The Soviet Union, the country most heavily ravaged by the war, felt entitled to the maximum amounts possible, with the exception of
Bulgaria, which was perceived as being the most sympathetic of the former enemy states.
561:
The political clauses stipulated that the signatory should "take all measures necessary to secure to all persons under (its) jurisdiction, without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion, the enjoyment of human rights and of the fundamental freedoms, including freedom of expression, of
1636:
675:) divided in two administrative zones under a provisional government for which the United Nations Security Council was responsible. In 1954, Italy incorporated the Province of Trieste (Zone A) and Yugoslavia incorporated the rest of Istria (Zone B). This was officially recognized with the
731:
1641:
907:(Bulgaria was part of the Axis but did not declare war on the Soviet Union). In the cases of Romania and Hungary, the reparation terms as set forth in their armistices were relatively high and were not revised.
450:, which had switched sides and declared war on Germany during the war. They were allowed to fully resume their responsibilities as sovereign states in international affairs and to qualify for membership in the
1759:
1303:
2526:
991:
in the early 1990s did not lead to any renegotiation of the Paris Peace
Treaties. However, in 1990 Finland unilaterally cancelled the restrictions the treaty had placed on its military.
1482:
1695:
1027:
2159:
844:
483:
773:
to declare war on
Finland in December 1941, further weakening political support in the West for the country. The Soviet Union's accessions of Finnish territory was based on the
2358:
498:, which was completely erased from the map. In the following years, Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union changed the borders established by the peace treaties at the end of
2174:
1296:
754:, after the sympathy Finland had received from the West during the Soviet-initiated Winter War. However, this sympathy had been eroded by Finland's collaboration with
1438:
534:
2511:
1328:
2491:
2097:
475:
2421:
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2496:
2030:
565:
No penalties were to be visited on nationals because of wartime partisanship for the Allies. Each government undertook measures to prevent the resurgence of
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1091:. Dept. Of State Publication ;2743. European series ;21. Washington, D.C.: Department of State, U.S. Government Printing Office. 1947. p. 17.
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1320:
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was restored to its borders of 1 January 1941, but not to its borders before 23 August 1939, with the exception of the border with
Hungary giving
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organizations or any others "whether political, military or semi-military, whose purpose it is to deprive the people of their democratic rights".
31:
487:
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1717:
2085:
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signed in Moscow on 19 September 1944 and resulted in an extension of the accessions in the Moscow Peace Treaty that ended the Winter War.
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2018:
100:
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was restored to its borders before 1938. This meant restoring the southern border with
Yugoslavia, as well as declaring the
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82:
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1858:
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769:, but continued its offensive deeper into Soviet lands, occupying a broad strip of Soviet territory. This prompted the
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2040:
538:
2045:
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1873:
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2013:
1221:. Dept. of State Publication: 2743. European series: 21. Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Service. 1947.
1163:. Treaties and other international acts series ;1650. Washington: United States Government Printing Office. 1947.
60:
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1248:(Full text of the treaties as registered at the United Nations. French, English and Russian texts are authentic).
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2090:
2008:
1979:
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702:. The French Republic has never made provision for the Italian language in the ceded formerly Italian towns of
1251:
542:
2228:
2198:
1683:
1468:
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1400:
1021:
715:
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750:. In Finland, the reparations and the dictated border adjustment were perceived as a major injustice and a
2541:
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1984:
1964:
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2023:
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Finland was restored to its borders of 1 January 1941 (thus confirming its territorial losses after the
526:
1922:
1240:
United States
Department of State Foreign relations of the United States, 1946. Paris Peace Conference
1234:
United States
Department of State Foreign relations of the United States, 1946. Paris Peace Conference
2181:
1991:
1830:
1825:
1767:
1637:
Treaty between the United States and China for the
Relinquishment of Extraterritorial Rights in China
911:
159:
1121:
2164:
1996:
1665:
1623:
1545:
1245:
1109:
856:
836:
793:
766:
743:
668:
593:
479:
454:. Nevertheless, the Paris Peace Treaties avoided taking into consideration the consequences of the
2330:
1932:
1489:
1358:
840:
832:
801:
789:
605:
491:
435:
326:
2070:
545:, and SovietâFinnish borders. The treaties also obliged the various states to hand over accused
2255:
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1425:
1072:
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597:
550:
522:
165:
1239:
1233:
956:$ 300,000,000 (equivalent to $ 6,494,000,000 in 2023) from Romania to the Soviet Union;
951:$ 100,000,000 (equivalent to $ 2,165,000,000 in 2023) to Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.
2353:
2324:
2250:
1906:
1835:
1587:
1551:
1275:
1258:
903:
676:
601:
562:
press and publication, of religious worship, of political opinion and of public meeting."
510:
506:
391:
17:
1136:"Bilinguismo: la discussione a Fiume potrebbe aprire il dibattito anche a Briga e Tenda"
1089:
Treaties of Peace with Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary, Roumania and
Finland (English Version)
977:
879:
797:
770:
537:, as well as changes to the ItalianâYugoslav, HungarianâCzechoslovak, SovietâRomanian,
451:
411:
250:
173:
2385:
1937:
1521:
1281:
589:
518:
419:
276:
177:
1168:
460:
Treaty of Non-Aggression between
Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
2319:
2233:
1974:
1226:
1096:
755:
747:
699:
694:, according to which the French-Italian alpine border passes through the summit of
471:
467:
415:
399:
263:
1182:
153:
2309:
1947:
1942:
1797:
891:
711:
499:
427:
49:
1642:
Sino-British Treaty for the Relinquishment of Extra-Territorial Rights in China
490:, and was signed on August 23, 1939. One week later, World War II started with
948:$ 200,000,000 (equivalent to $ 4,329,000,000 in 2023) to the Soviet Union;
927:$ 100,000,000 (equivalent to $ 2,165,000,000 in 2023) to the Soviet Union;
817:
739:
710:, effectively opting for a policy of linguistic assimilation. The province of
695:
690:
were ceded to France but Italian diplomats were able to maintain in place the
633:
629:
1252:"Paris â WWII Peace Conference â 1946: Settling Romania's Western Frontiers"
730:
703:
687:
546:
813:
820:
were also transferred to Czechoslovakia, in order to form the so-called "
2160:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and the Hertsa region
1112:, Instrument for the Provisional Regime of the Free Territory of Trieste
959:$ 70,000,000 (equivalent to $ 1,515,000,000 in 2023) from Bulgaria:
945:$ 300,000,000 (equivalent to $ 6,494,000,000 in 2023) from Hungary:
921:$ 125,000,000 (equivalent to $ 2,706,000,000 in 2023) to Yugoslavia;
2223:
1792:
809:
805:
656:
566:
447:
368:
1216:
Treaties of Peace with Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary, Roumania and Finland
918:$ 360,000,000 (equivalent to $ 7,792,000,000 in 2023) from Italy:
734:
A Finnish postage stamp from 1947 commemorating the Paris Peace Treaty
612:
until 1960. In the peace treaty, Italy recognized the independence of
1075:
Necessity and Proportionality in International Peace and Security Law
1060:
Necessity and Proportionality in International Peace and Security Law
965:$ 25,000,000 (equivalent to $ 541,000,000 in 2023) to Yugoslavia.
894:
power to keep territory that was gained during the Second World War.
648:
644:
924:$ 105,000,000 (equivalent to $ 2,273,000,000 in 2023) to Greece;
505:
The settlement elaborated in the peace treaties included payment of
1073:
Claus KreĂ, Robert Lawless, Oxford University Press, Nov 30, 2020,
1058:
Claus KreĂ, Robert Lawless, Oxford University Press, Nov 30, 2020,
930:$ 25,000,000 (equivalent to $ 541,000,000 in 2023) to Ethiopia;
486:. The MolotovâRibbentrop Pact changed the borders agreed after the
729:
707:
683:
652:
431:
406:
lasted from 29 July until 15 October 1946. The victorious wartime
307:
211:
962:$ 45,000,000 (equivalent to $ 974,000,000 in 2023) to Greece;
933:$ 5,000,000 (equivalent to $ 108,000,000 in 2023) to Albania.
660:
1763:
1285:
608:. Italy continued to govern the former Italian Somaliland as a
43:
1161:
Treaty of Peace with Bulgaria, Dated February 10, 1947, Paris
976:
Italy, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria and Finland all joined the
426:) negotiated the details of peace treaties with those former
2182:
Recovery attempt of Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and Hertsa
938:$ 300,000,000 (equivalent to $ 6,494,000,000 in 2023)
714:
was also kept by Italy despite the territorial demands of
870:
was restored to its borders of 1 January 1941, returning
37:"Paris Peace Treaty" redirects here. For other uses, see
1201:
They each joined the United Nations on 14 December 1955.
1483:
United Nations Conference on International Organization
616:(in personal union with the Italian monarchy after the
513:, and territorial adjustments including the end of the
398:) were signed on 10 February 1947 following the end of
1696:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
1028:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
295:"Party to the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Japan"
2359:
2018 unification declarations in Moldova and Romania
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International Paris Peace Conference (1946) Records
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158:Canadian delegation at the Paris Peace Conference,
74:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
742:of 1939â1940), except for the former province of
2175:Population exchange between Bulgaria and Romania
462:, whose secret clauses included the division of
30:For other uses of "Paris Peace Conference", see
1859:Independence and annexation of Northern Dobruja
796:null and void, cancelling Hungary's gains from
2349:Centenary of the Great Union Anniversary Medal
1801:
2527:Treaties of the People's Republic of Bulgaria
1775:
1297:
8:
2031:Romanian military intervention in Bessarabia
146:
27:Treaties signed in Paris on 10 February 1947
2315:Day of the Union of Bessarabia with Romania
1039:World War II reparations towards Yugoslavia
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1960:
1815:
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1760:
1304:
1290:
1282:
1261:, at the Honorary Consulate of Romania in
145:
1265:, has pictures of the Romanian delegation
134:Learn how and when to remove this message
1439:Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference
845:loss of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
2285:1 Decembrie 1918 University, Alba Iulia
1194:
1050:
32:Paris Peace Conference (disambiguation)
2512:Treaties of the French Fourth Republic
1718:Sino-American Cooperative Organization
1246:United Nations Treaty Series volume 49
890:, leaving Bulgaria as the only former
804:. Furthermore, three villages (namely
2086:Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia
1854:Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia
761:. During this time, Finland not only
7:
2492:Peace treaties of the United Kingdom
2002:Central Powers occupation of Romania
620:in April 1939). Italy also lost its
494:, followed three weeks later by the
72:adding citations to reliable sources
2507:Treaties entered into force in 1947
2497:Peace treaties of the United States
1582:GermanâTurkish Treaty of Friendship
910:War reparations at 1938 prices, in
2522:Treaties of the Kingdom of Romania
2487:Peace treaties of the Soviet Union
1313:Diplomatic history of World War II
1122:United Nations Security Council 16
488:Paris Peace Conference (1919â1920)
25:
492:Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland
478:, and the annexation of parts of
1886:
1791:
1749:Japanese Instrument of Surrender
1713:Anglo-French Supreme War Council
1558:Declaration of St James's Palace
1183:"NATO Review - No. 1 - Feb 1993"
940:from Finland to the Soviet Union
698:, despite French designs on the
584:Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947
361:
348:
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300:
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269:
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2422:BulgariaâSoviet Union relations
2103:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
2081:Great Romanian National Council
2053:Romanian occupation of Pokuttia
1864:Romanian annexation of Silistra
1630:Declaration of the Four Nations
985:dissolution of the Soviet Union
476:occupation of the Baltic States
59:needs additional citations for
2552:February 1947 events in Europe
2547:United Kingdom in World War II
2452:RomaniaâSoviet Union relations
2432:HungaryâSoviet Union relations
2427:FinlandâSoviet Union relations
2046:Romanian occupation of Hungary
1744:German Instrument of Surrender
1570:Armistice of Saint Jean d'Acre
1528:Anglo-Thai Non-Aggression Pact
1347:Second Inter-Allied Conference
1278:at the United Nations Archives
752:betrayal by the Western powers
671:formed a new sovereign State (
1:
2442:ItalyâUnited States relations
1594:Declaration by United Nations
1365:Third Inter-Allied Conference
1335:First Inter-Allied Conference
1329:U.S.âBritish Staff Conference
667:; the rest of Istria and the
2437:ItalyâSoviet Union relations
2290:National Museum of the Union
2076:General Congress of Bukovina
1869:Conquest of Southern Dobruja
1728:Council of Foreign Ministers
1723:European Advisory Commission
1419:Greater East Asia Conference
1371:Second Washington Conference
1034:Soviet occupation of Romania
847:to the Soviet Union and the
83:"Paris Peace Treaties, 1947"
1874:Treaty of Bucharest of 1916
1606:Anglo-Soviet Treaty of 1942
1395:Third Washington Conference
722:signed some months before.
720:GruberâDe Gasperi Agreement
624:, which was turned over to
618:Italian invasion of Albania
588:Italy lost the colonies of
313:"Ally of Hitlerite Germany"
225:15 September 1947
170:William Lyon Mackenzie King
2568:
2502:Treaties concluded in 1947
2457:Peace treaties of Bulgaria
2447:ItalyâYugoslavia relations
2194:Paris Peace Treaties, 1947
843:. This confirmed the 1940
596:. The latter consisted of
581:
458:, officially known as the
196:10 February 1947
147:Paris Peace Treaties, 1947
36:
29:
2482:Peace treaties of Romania
2472:Peace treaties of Hungary
2462:Peace treaties of Finland
2392:Aftermath of World War II
2298:
2280:
2214:
2091:Declaration of Alba Iulia
1884:
1600:Punishment for War Crimes
1534:Destroyers-for-bases deal
1451:Dumbarton Oaks Conference
1013:(1945, regarding Germany)
1001:Aftermath of World War II
746:, which was ceded to the
673:Free Territory of Trieste
549:to the Allied powers for
496:Soviet invasion of Poland
151:
18:1947 Paris Peace Treaties
2467:Peace treaties of France
2417:1947 in the Soviet Union
2263:Unification with Romania
2187:Transnistria Governorate
2036:Second Romanian campaign
1540:Franco-Italian Armistice
1463:Fourth Moscow Conference
1457:Second Quebec Conference
1445:Bretton Woods Conference
1377:Second Moscow Conference
1169:2027/umn.31951002025850d
1134:Redazione (2017-11-22).
1110:Article 21 and Annex VII
1017:Moscow Conference (1945)
718:, largely thanks to the
2477:Peace treaties of Italy
2327:(Romanian national day)
2199:Moscow Protocol of 1948
2140:Union with Transylvania
1975:First Romanian war plan
1684:Treaty of San Francisco
1516:MolotovâRibbentrop Pact
1433:Second Cairo Conference
1407:Third Moscow Conference
1401:First Quebec Conference
1353:First Moscow Conference
1227:2027/osu.32435066406612
1097:2027/osu.32435066406612
1024:(1951, regarding Japan)
1022:Treaty of San Francisco
882:to Greece, but keeping
515:Italian colonial empire
456:MolotovâRibbentrop Pact
2532:Treaties of Yugoslavia
2041:HungarianâRomanian War
2009:1917 Romanian Campaign
1985:Battle of Transylvania
1980:1916 Romanian Campaign
1903:Ferdinand I of Romania
1802:
1672:United Nations Charter
1612:Armistice of Cassibile
1564:Anglo-Soviet Agreement
735:
692:Treaty of Turin (1860)
404:Paris Peace Conference
395:
2537:World War II treaties
2239:Transnistria conflict
2130:Union with Bessarabia
2024:Third Battle of Oituz
1690:Austrian State Treaty
1383:Casablanca Conference
980:on 14 December 1955.
837:Northern Transylvania
822:Bratislava bridgehead
759:between 1941 and 1944
733:
622:concession in Tianjin
188:Multilateral treaties
1992:The Romanian Debacle
1831:Romanian irredentism
1826:Romanian nationalism
1678:Paris Peace Treaties
912:United States dollar
816:) situated south of
794:Second Vienna Awards
763:recaptured territory
682:The villages of the
388:Paris Peace Treaties
160:Palais du Luxembourg
68:improve this article
2224:Republic of Moldova
2165:Second Vienna Award
2135:Union with Bukovina
2019:Battle of MÄrÄÈeÈti
1997:Battle of Bucharest
1666:Potsdam Declaration
1624:Moscow Declarations
1546:Moscow Peace Treaty
1341:Atlantic Conference
669:province of Trieste
647:: the provinces of
594:Italian East Africa
148:
2331:Trianon Treaty Day
1933:Alexandru Averescu
1923:Ion I. C. BrÄtianu
1490:Potsdam Conference
1359:Arcadia Conference
1274:2022-09-23 at the
1257:2008-05-15 at the
874:to Yugoslavia and
736:
630:Dodecanese Islands
610:UN trust territory
606:Italian Somaliland
539:HungarianâRomanian
2517:Treaties of Italy
2379:
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2371:
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2366:
2256:Gagauzia conflict
2170:Treaty of Craiova
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2108:Treaty of Trianon
2098:Directing Council
2014:Battle of MÄrÄÈti
1882:
1881:
1757:
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1660:Potsdam Agreement
1654:Nuremberg Charter
1618:Cairo Declaration
1426:Tehran Conference
1218:(English Version)
1124:, 10 January 1947
1011:Potsdam Agreement
1006:Allied Commission
888:Treaty of Craiova
876:Eastern Macedonia
851:, which returned
849:Treaty of Craiova
557:Political clauses
551:war crimes trials
410:(principally the
384:
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136:
118:
16:(Redirected from
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2402:1947 in Bulgaria
2300:
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2244:Transnistria War
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2153:Disestablishment
2062:Institutions and
1961:
1913:Marie of Romania
1890:
1816:
1805:
1796:
1795:
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1770:
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1648:Moscow Armistice
1576:Atlantic Charter
1510:Munich Agreement
1476:Yalta Conference
1469:Malta Conference
1413:Cairo Conference
1389:Adana Conference
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884:Southern Dobruja
872:Vardar Macedonia
853:Southern Dobruja
775:Moscow Armistice
767:had lost in 1940
598:Italian Ethiopia
509:, commitment to
396:Traités de Paris
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124:December 2014
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57:This article
55:
51:
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45:
40:
33:
19:
2320:Bukovina Day
2234:Transnistria
2229:Independence
2193:
2123:Unifications
2115:(unenforced)
2071:Sfatul ÈÄrii
1677:
1503:and treaties
1501:Declarations
1488:
1474:
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1361:(1941â 1942)
1219:
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1144:. Retrieved
1142:(in Italian)
1140:Corsica Oggi
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472:Soviet Union
468:Nazi Germany
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416:Soviet Union
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400:World War II
387:
385:
312:
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264:Soviet Union
130:
121:
111:
104:
97:
90:
78:
66:Please help
61:verification
58:
2310:Dobruja Day
1967:World War I
1948:Iuliu Maniu
1943:Pan Halippa
1803:Marea Unire
1798:Great Union
1321:Conferences
1236:Proceedings
712:South Tyrol
686:valley and
643:Italy lost
523:East Africa
500:World War I
428:Axis allies
2386:Categories
1965:Romania in
1812:Background
1146:2019-10-15
1045:References
989:Yugoslavia
818:Bratislava
740:Winter War
696:Mont Blanc
665:Yugoslavia
634:Aegean Sea
628:, and the
527:Yugoslavia
229:1947-09-15
200:1947-02-10
94:newspapers
2341:Centenary
2208:Aftermath
2064:documents
1242:Documents
972:Aftermath
914:amounts:
688:La Brigue
679:in 1975.
430:, namely
377:Ratifiers
222:Effective
2303:Holidays
1819:Ideology
1272:Archived
1255:Archived
1077:, p. 450
1062:, p. 450
995:See also
886:per the
868:Bulgaria
863:Bulgaria
857:Bulgaria
839:back to
814:DunacsĂșn
810:OroszvĂĄr
470:and the
466:between
444:Bulgaria
356:Bulgaria
208:Location
1896:Figures
1737:Related
1626:(1943)
841:Romania
833:Romania
828:Romania
802:Romania
786:Hungary
781:Hungary
744:Petsamo
726:Finland
716:Austria
657:Gorizia
632:in the
614:Albania
567:fascist
535:Albania
484:Romania
480:Finland
448:Finland
440:Hungary
436:Romania
369:Finland
342:Hungary
327:Romania
237:Parties
227: (
198: (
108:scholar
1847:Events
1698:(1990)
1692:(1955)
1686:(1951)
1680:(1947)
1674:(1945)
1668:(1945)
1662:(1945)
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1337:(1941)
1331:(1941)
1263:Boston
1030:(1990)
812:, and
645:Istria
638:Greece
604:, and
533:, and
531:Greece
474:, the
464:Poland
446:, and
424:France
422:, and
392:French
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790:First
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704:Briga
684:Tende
649:Fiume
626:China
578:Italy
432:Italy
308:Italy
212:Paris
115:JSTOR
101:books
1907:King
987:and
983:The
902:The
892:Axis
878:and
800:and
792:and
706:and
661:Pola
659:and
653:Zara
592:and
482:and
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112:·
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