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683:(SDECE), to break the strikes. The creation of the riot police was to ensure the loyalty of police "relocating" the maintenance of order (it used police from across the country, not just in the locations concerned, to quell the riots). In the north, the military nevertheless assured that it would intervene only in case of violence and tolerate the miners if they had only stopped working.
22:
388:. Soon there were 3 million strikers; 23,371,000 working days were lost to strikes in 1947 versus 374,000 in 1946, but the movement stayed less important than in Italy, where the Communists were also excluded from the government. In May, the Communist ministers in effect left the government, which ended
486:. Plaisance, a secretary of the CGT, said outside the factory: "This morning, an anarcho-Hitlero-Trotskyist band wanted to blow up the factory". The CGT then claimed "The strike arms the trusts". Despite the communist opposition, the strike quickly brought in more than 10,000 workers.
501:
wage increase. On 9 May, two thirds of the CGT voted to return to work, but some remained on strike and paralysed the factory. The strike ceased on 15 May, after the government granted a bonus of 1600 francs and an advance of 900 francs for all employees.
748:
and former leader of the
Federation of Pas-de-Calais in 1947, was found dead in Paris. Refusing to criticize his superior to the central committee, Auguste Lecoeur, former deputy secretary of state who was responsible for the sabotage, committed suicide.
271:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
690:. The officers refused to fire on the protestors, who got hold of weapons from soldiers (they discreetly returned them afterwards) and forced the police to evacuate the station; 100 people were injured.
680:
772:
On 9 December 1947, the central strike committee, consisting of the CGT federations, ordered a return to work. Ten days later, a split divided the CGT, with a majority close to the PCF and led by
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who were supported by the
Gaullist militants. The government was secretly negotiating with the PCF by exchanging immunity of four activists to the party supporting the resumption of work.
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was concerned about the radicalization of the movement, as shown in the reports of SDECE. Saboteur activists believed that the train was carrying CRS officers to support non-strikers from
875:
728:
On 30 June 1953, the
Supreme Court delivered a leading case and considered that the train was still responsible because it had, given the social climate, expected that kind of act.
592:
fare increases. Four strikers were charged after the demonstrations. To free them, 4,000 demonstrators entered the courthouse and then went to City Hall. They insulted and
813:(CIA) was later revealed to have been a factor in the strike. The CGT-Workers' Force was initiated with the financial support of American unions (including the
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409:
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to assault communist picket lines and to harass union officials in
Marseilles. Several murders of striking workers were traced to the Guerinis at the time.
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412:(CRS) had their first real policing mission with the strikes of November–December 1947, all of which were under the leadership of Minister of the Interior
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466:
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274:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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basin. The next day, more than 80,000 miners were on strike. On 19 November, the strike resumed at
Renault and Citroën and then spread to the
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in the municipal election in
October, a vast movement of insurrectionary strikes shook the country for several months. It began in
557:, and others. The main reasons for the strikes were demands for higher wages, but the broader context was the formalization of the
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477:, could paralyse France tomorrow". The strike did not at first have the support of the CGT nor the PCF, which was part of the
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approved a law on the "defence of the
Republic and the freedom to work". Three years later, the arrest of Dehaene caused the
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146:
795:'s atrocities in Madagascar, and with its expulsion, the other parties authorised an even more ruthless counter-insurgency.
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762:
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing French
Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
469:(PCI). The importance of the PCI's involvement in the movement was made clear in an article published on 26 June 1947 in
526:
remained important, and living conditions were difficult, particularly since France struggled to meet its energy needs.
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The plant employed 30,000 men, and the CGT claimed 17,000 members. The strike was started, among other things, by the
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898:
870:[A teacher, an engineer, a journalist, leaders of the Fourth International, could paralyse France tomorrow].
868:"Un instituteur, un ingénieur, un journaliste, chefs de la IVe internationale, pourraient demain paralyser la France"
656:, teachers went on strike for two weeks although the National Teachers' Union (SNI) refused to support the movement.
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district, where several nightclub owners were accused of organizing the black market. The young communist worker
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On 5 May 1947, the
Communist ministers were excluded from the government by Paul Ramadier. From that moment, the
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Judging War Crimes and
Torture: French Justice and International Criminal Tribunals and Commissions (1940-2005)
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In Saint-Étienne, protesters took advantage by riding on three military vehicles, which were armed with
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699:(miners) from one mine to another. During December debates, the legislation and the union were split.
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The strike spread to miners; on 17 November, 10,000 of them stopped work to protest the dismissal of
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Among the miners, there were 100 sackings, 1000 suspensions and 500 forced displacements of
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630:. At his funeral, on 14 November, three fourths of the Marseilles workforce was on strike.
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361:. The strikes first emerged as a spontaneous wave in late April at the nation's largest
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On 29 November, 30,000 striking mining, railway, and textile workers demonstrated in
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652:, the construction trade, steelworkers, dockworkers and all public services. In the
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Hep-cats, Narcs, and Pipe Dreams: A History of America's Romance with Illegal Drugs
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806:, where the railway workers demanded the same rights as their French counterparts.
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978:, Cheminots, mineurs, métallos... : Les grèves insurrectionnelles de 1947
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791:. The PCF had been the only party in the French government to denounce the
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rail link by unbolting two rails, which caused a train derailment near
667:(CRS), which had been newly created by the socialist Interior Minister
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magazine, titled "A teacher, an engineer, a journalist, leaders of the
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
644:, the communist deputy director of the nationalized coal mines in the
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On the night of 2 to 3 December 1947, activists of the Federation of
440:'s cabinet had reduced the daily bread ration from 300 to 250 grams.
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The strike of 1947 at Renault also denounced the repression of the
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RaDAR | Rassembler, diffuser les archives de révolutionnaires
681:
Service de documentation extérieure et de contre-espionnage
408:(FO). Although they had been created in December 1944, the
987:[April 1947: The Renault strike ignites France].
821:. Even earlier, the CIA had begun funding and arming the
731:
In March 1954, the case rebounded when the former deputy
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In June, a wave of insurrectionist strikes protested the
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and CGT supported the social movement, which extended to
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On 4 December, after extremely violent discussions, the
490:, the secretary-general of CGT Metallurgy, was booed at
985:"Avril 1947 : La grève Renault enflamme la France"
436:, which had been nationalized in 1946. The day before,
457:, an activist of the communist union and a founder of
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than the wave in May, and it explicitly denounced the
600:, who had become alderman by defeating the communist
817:), and the funding was coordinated by CIA operative
264:
1010:"The Seine Primary School Teachers' Strike in 1947"
260:
a machine-translated version of the French article.
149:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
400:(CGT) divided into a reformist minority and a pro-
951:Kaplan, David E.; Dubro, Alec (22 October 2012).
604:by one vote. The demonstration then moved to the
714:at 3 am, leaving 16 people dead and 50 wounded.
957:. University of California Press. p. 44.
289:accompanying your translation by providing an
251:Click for important translation instructions.
238:expand this article with text translated from
8:
694:
478:
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50:Learn how and when to remove these messages
843:"Bois: Renault Strike, April/May 1947 - 1"
428:The strikes began on 25 April 1947 at the
301:{{Translated|fr|Grèves de 1947 en France}}
1027:
675:), who also appealed to the army and the
497:On 8 May, the government enacted a three-
331:Learn how and when to remove this message
209:Learn how and when to remove this message
107:Learn how and when to remove this message
70:This article includes a list of general
834:
798:Strikes also affected the railway from
663:. Armed with iron bars, they faced the
369:(PCF) joined the strike, it led to the
878:from the original on 19 September 2021
380:and more directly associated with the
776:, and the reformist minority, led by
742:, formerly "Colonel Baudouin" of the
461:, the anarchist Gil Devillard of the
7:
665:Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité
410:Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité
376:The peak wave in September was more
147:adding citations to reliable sources
954:Yakuza: Japan's Criminal Underworld
1055:Riots and civil disorder in France
995:from the original on 24 March 2019
897:Beigbeder, Yves (29 August 2006).
76:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
989:UCL - Union communiste libertaire
765:to consecrate the constitutional
650:Federation for National Education
396:, and at the end of the year the
31:This article has multiple issues.
465:, and members of the Trotskyist
353:labour actions against post-war
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1075:1947 labor disputes and strikes
930:. JHU Press. pp. 170–171.
576:On 10 November 1947, after the
398:General Confederation of Labour
134:needs additional citations for
39:or discuss these issues on the
1070:November 1947 events in Europe
991:(in French). 2 December 2017.
299:You may also add the template
1:
677:11th Parachute Shock Regiment
467:International Communist Party
541:, banks, department stores,
514:The strikes spread. With an
1065:April 1947 events in Europe
874:(in French). 26 June 1947.
811:Central Intelligence Agency
745:Francs-tireurs et partisans
312:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
1096:
582:Rally of the French People
263:Machine translation, like
903:. BRILL. pp. 82–83.
240:the corresponding article
1080:Labor disputes in France
706:CGT sabotaged the Paris-
679:, the armed wing of the
510:and extension of strikes
158:"1947 strikes in France"
1008:Hirsch, Robert (2005).
753:Discussions in December
310:For more guidance, see
91:more precise citations.
980:, 01/01/2008 - no. 733
793:French colonial empire
717:PCF General Secretary
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367:French Communist Party
347:1947 strikes in France
924:Jonnes, Jill (1999).
809:Covert action by the
543:Électricité de France
518:rate of over 60% and
283:copyright attribution
1029:10.3917/lms.212.0035
823:Guerini crime family
596:the Gaullist lawyer
522:still in force, the
492:Boulogne-Billancourt
484:coalition government
475:Fourth International
463:Anarchist Federation
434:Boulogne-Billancourt
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1015:Le Mouvement Social
782:CGT-Workers' Force
646:Nord-Pas-de-Calais
619:was killed by the
606:Opéra de Marseille
365:factory. When the
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964:978-0-520-27490-7
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480:tripartisme
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448:Pierre Bois
432:factory at
402:Atlanticist
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378:generalized
199:August 2023
89:introducing
1049:Categories
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414:Jules Moch
371:May crisis
359:capitalism
169:newspapers
72:references
36:improve it
1038:0027-2671
1022:(3): 35.
708:Tourcoing
586:Marseille
520:rationing
516:inflation
382:Cominform
305:talk page
242:in French
42:talk page
999:7 August
993:Archived
882:7 August
876:Archived
588:against
578:Gaullist
559:Cold War
555:Michelin
281:provide
815:AFL–CIO
551:Berliet
547:Peugeot
535:Citroën
506:End of
430:Renault
363:Renault
303:to the
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265:DeepL
190:JSTOR
176:books
1034:ISSN
1001:2023
959:ISBN
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905:ISBN
884:2023
854:2020
673:SFIO
590:tram
539:SNCF
418:SFIO
345:The
279:must
277:You
258:View
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