Knowledge (XXG)

1952 Washington, D.C., UFO incident

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743:, USAF Director of Operations, held a well-attended press conference at the Pentagon on July 29, 1952. In his opening comments, he noted that, out of the hundreds of UFO reports in recent years investigated by the Air Force, there was "a certain percentage of this volume of reports that have been made by credible observers of relatively incredible things" but that none of them posed any national security threat. At the event, Samford stated that the visual sightings over Washington could be explained as misidentified aerial phenomena such as stars or meteors, and unknown radar targets could be explained by temperature inversion, which was present in the air over Washington on both nights the radar returns were reported. In addition, Samford stated that the unknown radar contacts were not caused by solid material objects, and therefore posed no threat to national security. In response to a question as to whether the Air Force had recorded similar UFO radar contacts prior to the Washington incident, Samford said that there had been "hundreds" of such contacts where Air Force fighter interceptions had taken place, but stated that they were all "fruitless". It was the largest Pentagon press conference since 450: 57: 759:... the radar was sure as hell picking up the steamboat." Air Force Captain Harold May was in the radar center at Andrews AFB during the sightings of July 19–20. Upon hearing that National Airport's radar had picked up an unknown object heading in his direction, May stepped outside and saw "a light that was changing from red to orange to green to red again...at times it dipped suddenly and appeared to lose altitude." However, May eventually concluded that he was simply seeing a star that was distorted by the atmosphere, and that its "movement" was an illusion. At 3 a.m. on July 27, an 707:
and Andrews Air Force Base tracked mysterious blips. On 27 July, the blips reappeared." The CIA would react to the 1952 wave of UFO reports by "forming a special study group within the Office of Scientific Intelligence (OSI) and Office of Current Intelligence (OCI) to review the situation. Edward Tauss reported for the group that most UFO sightings could be easily explained. Nonetheless, he recommended that the Agency continue monitoring the problem." The CIA's concern with the issue would lead to the creation, in January 1953, of the
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had been weather targets on the scope too, he said, but this was a common occurrence and the controllers "were paying no attention to them". Two more F-94s from New Castle Air Force Base were scrambled during the night. One pilot saw nothing unusual; the other pilot saw a white light which "vanished" when he moved towards it. Civilian aircraft also reported glowing objects that corresponded to radar blips seen by Andrews radar operators. As on July 20, the sightings and unknown radar returns ended at sunrise.
771:'s Technical Development and Evaluation Center did an analysis of the radar sightings. Their conclusion was that "a temperature inversion had been indicated in almost every instance when the unidentified radar targets or visual objects had been reported." Project Blue Book would eventually label the unknown Washington radar blips as false images caused by temperature inversion, and the visual sightings as misidentified meteors, stars, and city lights. In later years two prominent UFO skeptics, 561:, located 10 miles from National Airport. Although Andrews reported that they had no unusual objects on their radar, an airman soon called the base's control tower to report the sighting of a strange object. Airman William Brady, who was in the tower, then saw an "object which appeared to be like an orange ball of fire, trailing a tail ... unlike anything I had ever seen before." As Brady tried to alert the other personnel in the tower, the strange object "took off at an unbelievable speed. 31: 542:. The objects were located 15 miles (24 km) south-southwest of the city; no known aircraft were in the area, and the objects were not following any established flight paths. Nugent's superior, Harry Barnes, a senior air-traffic controller at the airport, watched the objects on Nugent's radarscope. He later wrote: "We knew immediately that a very strange situation existed ... their movements were completely radical compared to those of ordinary aircraft." 847:, chaired the panel, which consisted of prominent scientists and which spent four days examining the "best" UFO cases collected by Project Blue Book. The panel dismissed nearly all of the UFO cases it examined as not representing anything unusual or threatening to national security. In the panel's controversial estimate, the Air Force and Project Blue Book needed to spend less time analyzing and studying UFO reports and more time publicly 584:, he was told that the control tower's radar had detected unknown objects closing in on his position. Pierman observed six objects—"white, tailless, fast-moving lights"—over a 14-minute period. Pierman was in radio contact with Barnes during his sighting, and Barnes later related that "each sighting coincided with a pip we could see near his plane. When he reported that the light streaked off at a high speed, it disappeared on our scope." 2950: 720: 703:
president's assistant that the sightings might have been caused by a temperature inversion, in which a layer of warm, moist air covers a layer of cool, dry air closer to the ground. This condition can cause radar signals to bend and give false returns. However, Ruppelt had not yet interviewed any of the witnesses or conducted a formal investigation.
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that "UFO proponents argue that even then seasoned controllers could differentiate between spurious targets and solid, metallic objects. Klass disagrees. It may be that 'we had two dumb controllers at National Airport on those nights'... added that the introduction of digital filters in the 1970s led to a steep decline in UFO sightings on radar."
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flight over Washington was told that an unknown object was in its vicinity; the crew could see nothing unusual. When they were told that the object had moved directly behind their plane, they began a sharp turn to try to see the object, but were told by National Airport's radar center that the object
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and meteors. However, Staff Sgt. Charles Davenport observed an orange-red light to the south; the light "would appear to stand still, then make an abrupt change in direction and altitude ... this happened several times." At one point both radar centers at National Airport and the radar at Andrews Air
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was present over the city, but Holcomb felt that the inversion was not "nearly strong enough to explain the 'good and solid' returns" on the radar scopes. Fournet relayed that all those present in the radar room were convinced that the targets were most likely caused by solid metallic objects. There
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jet fighters from New Castle Air Force Base in Delaware arrived over Washington. Captain John McHugo, the flight leader, was vectored towards the radar blips but saw nothing, despite repeated attempts. However, his wingman, Lieutenant William Patterson, did see four white "glows" and chased them. He
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Meanwhile, Albert M. Chop, the press spokesman for Project Blue Book, arrived at National Airport and, due to security concerns, denied several reporters' requests to photograph the radar screens. He then joined the radar center personnel. By this time (9:30 p.m.) the radar center was detecting
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flight into Washington observed some lights above their plane. Within minutes, both radar centers at National Airport, and the radar at Andrews AFB, were tracking more unknown objects. USAF master sergeant Charles E. Cummings visually observed the objects at Andrews, he later said that "these lights
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them. The panel recommended that the Air Force and Project Blue Book should take steps to "strip the Unidentified Flying Objects of the special status they have been given and the aura of mystery they have unfortunately acquired." Following the panel's recommendation, Project Blue Book would rarely
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magazine, would also argue in favor of the temperature inversion/mirage hypothesis. In 2002 Klass told a reporter that "radar technology in 1952 wasn't sophisticated enough to filter out many ordinary objects, such as flocks of birds, weather balloons, or temperature inversions." The reporter added
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was an unprecedented rash of media attention to unidentified flying object reports during the summer of 1952 that culminated with reports of sightings over Washington, D.C. In the four years prior, the US Air Force had chronicled a total of 615 UFO reports; during the 1952 flap, they received over
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CIA historian Gerald Haines, in his 1997 history of the CIA's involvement with UFOs, also mentions Truman's concern. "A massive buildup of sightings over the United States in 1952, especially in July, alarmed the Truman administration. On 19 and 20 July, radar scopes at Washington National Airport
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arrived over Washington, all of the objects vanished from the radar at National Airport. However, when the jets ran low on fuel and left, the objects returned, which convinced Barnes that "the UFOs were monitoring radio traffic and behaving accordingly". The objects were last detected by radar at
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to have his air force aide call Ruppelt and ask for an explanation of the sightings and unknown radar returns. Truman listened to the conversation between the two men on a separate phone, but did not ask questions himself. Ruppelt, remembering the conversation he had with Captain James, told the
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bomber, which had been flying over Washington during the sightings of July 26–27. The bomber was vectored several times by National Airport over unknown targets on the airport's radarscopes, yet the crew could see nothing unusual. Finally, as a crew member related, "the radar had a target which
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Barnes had two controllers check Nugent's radar; they found that it was working normally. Barnes then called National Airport's radar-equipped control tower; the controllers there, Howard Cocklin and Joe Zacko, said that they also had unidentified blips on their radar screen, and saw a hovering
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told investigators that "I tried to make contact with the bogies below 1,000 feet," and that "I was at my maximum speed but...I ceased chasing them because I saw no chance of overtaking them." According to Albert Chop, when ground control asked Patterson "if he saw anything", Patterson replied
835:, the CIA's Director. The memo stated that "the flying saucer situation ... national security implications ... the public concern with the phenomena ... lies the potential for the touching-off of mass hysteria and panic." The result of this memorandum was the creation in January 1953 of the 727: 725: 724: 721: 726: 514:", becoming the most reputable outlet to seriously consider the possibility that flying saucer reports might be caused by extra-terrestrial spaceships. Publicity surrounding the piece is believed to have contributed to the subsequent wave of reports that summer. 831:(CIA). Both groups felt that an enemy nation could deliberately flood the U.S. with false UFO reports, causing mass panic and allowing them to launch a sneak attack. On September 24, 1952, the CIA's Office of Scientific Intelligence (OSI) sent a memorandum to 639:
about the sightings, Ruppelt spent several hours trying to obtain a staff car so he could travel around Washington to investigate the sightings, but was refused as only generals and senior colonels could use staff cars. He was told that he could rent a
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unknown objects in every sector. At times the objects traveled slowly; at other times they reversed direction and moved across the radarscope at speeds calculated at up to 7,000 mph (11,250 km/h). At 11:30 p.m., two U.S. Air Force
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investigation into UFO sightings, was in Washington at the time. However, he did not learn about the sightings until Monday, July 21, when he read the headlines in a Washington-area newspaper. After talking with intelligence officers at
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Meanwhile, at Andrews Air Force Base, the control tower personnel were tracking on radar what some thought to be unknown objects, but others suspected, and in one instance were able to prove, were simply
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in Dayton, Ohio. Upon returning to Dayton, Ruppelt spoke with an Air Force radar specialist, Captain Roy James, who felt that unusual weather conditions could have caused the unknown radar targets.
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radar specialist, arrived at the radar center at National Airport. During the night, Lieutenant Holcomb received a call from the Washington National Weather Station. They told him that a slight
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Minutes of Press Conference Held By Major General John A. Samford Director of Intelligence, U.S. air Force 29 July 1952 - 4:00p.m. - Room 3E-869, The Pentagon.
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later recalled: "During a six-month period in 1952... 148 of the nation's leading newspapers carried a total of over 16,000 items about flying saucers."
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in 2002 that he was still convinced that he saw an object, stating that "I saw it on the screen and out the window" over Washington National Airport."
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did not have the characteristics of shooting stars. There was no trails ... they traveled faster than any shooting star I have ever seen."
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The sightings of July 19–20, 1952, made front-page headlines in newspapers around the nation. A typical example was the headline from the
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Force Base were tracking an object hovering over a radio beacon. The object vanished in all three radar centers at the same time.
546:"bright light" in the sky, which departed with incredible speed. Cocklin asked Zacko, "Did you see that? What the hell was that?" 644:
with his own money; by this point Ruppelt was so frustrated that he left Washington and flew back to Blue Book's headquarters at
569: 2914: 2292: 1475: 678:'I see them now and they're all around me. What should I do?'...And nobody answered, because we didn't know what to tell him." 1904: 2647: 2085: 2025: 1862: 1847: 1817: 360: 350: 345: 129: 64: 511: 2708: 2703: 2543: 2336: 2235: 2005: 882: 867: 681:
After midnight on July 27, USAF Major Dewey Fournet, Project Blue Book's liaison at the Pentagon, and Lt. John Holcomb, a
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At the height of the UFO flap, there were UFOs reported at the nation's capital on two consecutive Saturday nights.
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publicize any UFO case that it had not labeled as "solved"; unsolved cases were rarely mentioned by the Air Force.
622: 410: 324: 139: 44: 2150: 2856: 2788: 2307: 2185: 2080: 2075: 1940: 604: 340: 149: 1647:"Project Blue Book Unknown." Top Secret UFO Projects Declassified, season 1, episode 1, Netflix, 2021. Netflix, 2783: 2362: 2357: 2342: 2302: 2170: 2105: 2095: 481: 433:. The most publicized sightings took place on consecutive weekends, July 19–20 and July 26–27. UFO historian 2718: 2693: 2457: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2417: 2392: 2387: 2372: 2367: 2332: 2220: 2211: 2110: 1955: 1888: 812:, investigated the case in 1966, and stated that radar witnesses still disputed the Air Force explanation. 597: 492: 299: 247: 2979: 2447: 2422: 2412: 2397: 2377: 2282: 2160: 2135: 2120: 2060: 2045: 2030: 1965: 1950: 670: 661: 558: 531: 134: 79: 2891: 2407: 2277: 2190: 2175: 2050: 2040: 1935: 1789: 1158:"50 Years Ago, Unidentified Flying Objects From Way Beyond the Beltway Seized the Capital's Imagination" 686: 554: 2602: 2483: 2145: 2140: 2115: 2090: 2070: 1985: 1970: 645: 499:
who debunked the "flying saucer reports" by explaining they could not be supersonic craft because no
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that would reveal the Air Force was taking a serious interest in flying saucers. The June edition of
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At this point, other objects appeared in all sectors of the radarscope; when they moved over the
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in Iowa. It read "SAUCERS SWARM OVER CAPITAL" in large black type. By coincidence, USAF Captain
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is titled "The Washington Merry-Go-Round". It's based on the 1952 Washington, DC UFO incident.
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The extremely high numbers of UFO reports in 1952 disturbed both the Air Force and the
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called the incident "the climax of the 1952 (UFO) flap"—"Never before or after did
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The sightings of July 26–27 also made front-page headlines, and led President
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1997 Gerald Haines article on the CIA's involvement with the UFO phenomenon.
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refer to the 1952 Washington, DC UFO incident, including the first episode "
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Among the witnesses who supported Samford's explanation was the crew of a
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Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena Disclosure Act (UADPA), USA law (2023)
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CIA's Role in the Study of UFOs, 1947-90 — Central Intelligence Agency
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for permission to take off. After spotting what he believed to be a
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On April 3, the Associated Press reported on an upcoming story in
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National Investigations Committee On Aerial Phenomena (1956–1980)
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At 11:40 p.m. on Saturday, July 19, 1952, Edward Nugent, an
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and the Air Force undergo such a tidal wave of (UFO) reports."
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Ruppelt, p. 131-132, "Other very reputable magazines, such as
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magazine published the Flying Saucer article under the title "
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Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (2007–2012)
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Investigation of UFO reports by the United States government
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The tenth and final episode of the first season of the 2019
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At 8:15 p.m. on Saturday, July 26, 1952, a pilot and
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and plays archival footage with several former witnesses.
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proposed flying saucers were optical mirages created by
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Watch the Skies!: A Chronicle of the Flying Saucer Myth
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Maj. Gen. John A. Samford's Statement on Flying Saucers
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Implausible Beliefs: In the Bible, Astrology, and UFOs
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turned out to be the Wilson Lines steamboat trip to
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Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena Disclosure Act - US
2923: 2902: 2874: 2812: 2769: 2762: 2717: 2666: 2567: 2522: 2476: 2325: 2268: 2204: 1928: 1876: 1855: 1846: 1468:"How the Pentagon Started Taking U.F.O.s Seriously" 2653:Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force (current) 1665:The UFO Book: Encyclopedia of the Extraterrestrial 1023:"Green Bay Press-Gazette 02 Jun 1952, page Page 6" 815:Former radar controller Howard Cocklin told the 333:Lists of organizations, sightings, studies, etc. 1790:Flying Saucers Over the Capitol and White House 1156:Carlson, Peter; Carlson, Peter (21 July 2002). 960:"New York Times Coverage of the 1952 UFO Scare" 2931:United States Congress hearings on UFOs (2022) 764:had "disappeared" when they began their turn. 1811: 390: 27:1952 UFO incident occurring in Washington, DC 8: 998:"The Spokesman-Review 04 Apr 1952, page 27" 984:"The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects" 890:Unknown", which reenacts the incident with 2766: 1852: 1818: 1804: 1796: 1726:Invasion Washington: UFOs Over the Capitol 397: 383: 40: 3005:Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport 1746:The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects 808:, a researcher for the government-funded 799:The Report On Unidentified Flying Objects 219:All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office - US 214:History of government investigations - US 1905:1665 celestial phenomenon over Stralsund 1895:1561 celestial phenomenon over Nuremberg 1280: 1610: 1582: 1570: 1555: 1543: 1531: 1500: 1418: 1406: 1394: 1370: 1355: 1343: 1331: 1319: 1304: 1292: 1265: 1253: 927: 915: 908: 332: 284: 246: 167: 63: 43: 2041:Barney and Betty Hill abduction (1961) 1649:https://www.netflix.com/watch/81066337 1466:Lewis-Kraus, Gideon (April 30, 2021). 1070:, had said it before, but coming from 487:featured a story where astrophysicist 409:From July 12 to 29, 1952, a series of 224:NASA's UAP independent study team - US 3000:July 1952 events in the United States 1382: 1202: 1190: 1175: 767:At the request of the Air Force, the 739:, USAF Director of Intelligence, and 427:Washington National Airport Sightings 356:Investigations of UFOs by governments 7: 1900:1566 celestial phenomenon over Basel 883:Top Secret UFO Projects Declassified 694:White House concern and CIA interest 630:, the supervisor of the Air Force's 1624:"Project Blue Book | TV Guide" 2995:UFO sightings in the United States 2598:Flying Saucer Working Party (1950) 2255:High-altitude object events (2023) 1884:Ezekiel's Wheel (circa 622–570 BC) 982:Ruppelt, Edward J. (28 May 2022). 25: 2658:NASA's UAP independent study team 1228:Gilgoff, Dan (14 December 2001). 2949: 2948: 1098:"The Man in the Thick Lead Suit" 616:Publicity and Air Force reaction 421:, and later became known as the 204:Flying Saucer Working Party - UK 55: 2915:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry 2096:John Lennon UFO incident (1974) 1910:José Bonilla observation (1883) 1779:General Samford Meets The Press 1096:Lang, Daniel (March 15, 1954). 538:, spotted seven objects on his 371:Alleged extraterrestrial beings 2648:Identification studies of UFOs 2126:Valentich disappearance (1978) 2111:Petrozavodsk phenomenon (1977) 1991:McMinnville photographs (1950) 1863:List of reported UFO sightings 596:At 3 a.m., shortly before two 361:Identification studies of UFOs 1: 2608:Project Blue Book (1952–1970) 2288:Aztec, New Mexico hoax (1949) 2283:Twin Falls, Idaho hoax (1947) 2136:Robert Taylor incident (1979) 2101:Travis Walton incident (1975) 2046:Lonnie Zamora incident (1964) 1941:Ängelholm UFO memorial (1946) 1111:Mazur, Allan (July 5, 2017). 876:Several episodes of the 2021 564:On one of National Airport's 2151:Cash–Landrum incident (1980) 2051:Solway Firth Spaceman (1964) 2026:Lakenheath-Bentwaters (1956) 948:Peebles, Ch5 "The 1952 Flap" 939:Ruppelt ch 11 "The Big Flap" 512:Have We Visitors From Space? 453:Reports peaked in late July. 2985:Central Intelligence Agency 2910:List of scientific skeptics 2638:Project Condign (1997–2000) 2581:The Flying Saucers Are Real 2141:Val Johnson incident (1979) 2091:Pascagoula Abduction (1973) 1792:- Ghosts of DC history blog 1743:Ruppelt, Edward J. (1955). 958:Zempter, Glenda S. (1993). 829:Central Intelligence Agency 536:Washington National Airport 199:Institute 22 - Soviet Union 35:Washington National Airport 3021: 2603:Project Magnet (1950–1962) 2260:David Grusch claims (2023) 2031:Antônio Villas Boas (1957) 572:pilot, was waiting in the 411:unidentified flying object 325:Unarius Academy of Science 2944: 2628:Condon Report (1966–1968) 2308:Alien Autopsy (1995 film) 2121:Zanfretta incident (1978) 2021:Kelly–Hopkinsville (1955) 1833: 1724:Randle, Kevin D. (2001). 1230:"Saucers Full of Secrets" 1127:– via Google Books. 735:Air Force Major Generals 605:New Castle Air Force Base 518:Sightings over Washington 172:Government investigations 2990:Collective UFO sightings 2975:1952 in Washington, D.C. 2278:Maury Island hoax (1947) 2176:Voronezh incident (1989) 2161:Trans-en-Provence (1981) 2156:Rendlesham Forest (1980) 2086:Finnish Air Force (1969) 2016:Flatwoods monster (1952) 1868:Sightings in outer space 1781:at Saturday Night Uforia 1701:Peebles, Curtis (1994). 1682:Michaels, Susan (1997). 120:Sightings in outer space 2526:extraterrestrial beings 2293:Southern England (1967) 2221:Campeche, Mexico (2004) 2181:Belgian UFO wave (1990) 2011:Washington, D.C. (1952) 2006:Nash-Fortenberry (1952) 1889:Airship of Clonmacnoise 1472:The New Yorker magazine 1084:Lubbock Evening Journal 598:United States Air Force 300:Church of the SubGenius 189:Project Magnet - Canada 184:Operação Prato - Brazil 75:Kenneth Arnold sighting 2613:Robertson Panel (1953) 2166:Japan Air Lines (1986) 2131:Kaikoura Lights (1978) 1981:Gorman Dogfight (1948) 1915:Airship wave (1896–97) 1686:. Simon and Schuster. 1663:Clark, Jerome (1998). 783:, a senior editor for 732: 559:Andrews Air Force Base 532:air traffic controller 493:temperature inversions 454: 431:Invasion of Washington 346:Reported UFO sightings 234:Project Blue Book - US 38: 2633:Institute 22 (1978–?) 2618:Ruppelt report (1956) 2593:Project Grudge (1949) 2303:Gulf Breeze (1987–88) 2250:Jetpack man (2020–21) 2226:O'Hare Airport (2006) 2196:Phoenix Lights (1997) 2116:Operação Prato (1977) 2001:Lubbock Lights (1951) 1976:Chiles-Whitted (1948) 1946:Kenneth Arnold (1947) 1234:Washington City Paper 730: 715:Air Force explanation 687:temperature inversion 555:United States Capitol 452: 229:Condon Committee - US 130:Barney and Betty Hill 33: 2924:Government & Law 2845:Government responses 2326:Sightings by country 2245:UFO incidents (2014) 1517:pqasb.pqarchiver.com 646:Wright-Patterson AFB 623:Cedar Rapids Gazette 489:Donald Howard Menzel 351:Sightings by country 209:Project Condign - UK 2719:Conspiracy theories 2709:Trotskyist-Posadism 2588:Project Sign (1948) 2559:Reptilian humanoids 2216:UFO incident (2004) 2186:Ariel School (1994) 2081:Jimmy Carter (1969) 2076:Shag Harbour (1967) 1163:The Washington Post 1074:, it was different" 841:Howard P. Robertson 823:The Robertson Panel 775:, an astronomer at 248:Conspiracy theories 160:Pentagon UFO videos 2674:Ancient astronauts 2298:Majestic 12 (1985) 2243:Theodore Roosevelt 2171:Ilkley Moor (1987) 2071:Falcon Lake (1967) 1936:Los Angeles (1942) 1766:2019-10-01 at the 1447:on October 1, 2019 865:television series 856:In popular culture 806:Michael Wertheimer 777:Harvard University 733: 683:United States Navy 603:jet fighters from 568:, S.C. Pierman, a 455: 150:Alien autopsy hoax 105:McMinnville photos 39: 2962: 2961: 2870: 2869: 2825:Cattle mutilation 2679:Cryptoterrestrial 2321: 2320: 2313:Morristown (2009) 1956:Flight 105 (1947) 1848:Claimed sightings 1334:, pp. 75–76. 1124:978-1-351-51322-7 888:Project Blue Book 868:Project Blue Book 728: 662:National Airlines 632:Project Blue Book 628:Edward J. Ruppelt 468:Edward J. Ruppelt 464:Project Blue Book 462:717 new reports. 439:Project Blue Book 417:were reported in 407: 406: 341:UFO organizations 295:Aetherius Society 140:Rendlesham Forest 125:Flatwoods monster 65:Notable sightings 16:(Redirected from 3012: 2952: 2951: 2771:Abduction claims 2767: 2689:Interdimensional 2684:Extraterrestrial 2549:Little green men 2524:Types of alleged 2270:Confirmed hoaxes 2061:Kecksburg (1965) 2036:Levelland (1957) 1877:Pre-20th century 1853: 1820: 1813: 1806: 1797: 1750: 1739: 1720: 1697: 1678: 1651: 1645: 1639: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1620: 1614: 1608: 1602: 1592: 1586: 1580: 1574: 1568: 1559: 1553: 1547: 1541: 1535: 1529: 1520: 1510: 1504: 1498: 1492: 1486: 1480: 1479: 1478:on 23 June 2023. 1474:. Archived from 1463: 1457: 1456: 1454: 1452: 1443:. Archived from 1433: 1422: 1416: 1410: 1404: 1398: 1392: 1386: 1380: 1374: 1368: 1359: 1353: 1347: 1341: 1335: 1329: 1323: 1317: 1308: 1302: 1296: 1290: 1284: 1278: 1269: 1263: 1257: 1251: 1245: 1244: 1242: 1240: 1225: 1206: 1200: 1194: 1188: 1179: 1173: 1167: 1154: 1129: 1128: 1108: 1102: 1101: 1093: 1087: 1081: 1075: 1064: 1058: 1056:Arizona Republic 1053: 1047: 1044: 1038: 1037: 1035: 1033: 1019: 1013: 1012: 1010: 1008: 994: 988: 987: 979: 973: 970: 964: 963: 955: 949: 946: 940: 937: 931: 925: 919: 913: 761:Eastern Airlines 729: 677: 652:Night of July 26 570:Capital Airlines 557:, Barnes called 526:Night of July 19 497:Ernest Esclangon 419:Washington, D.C. 399: 392: 385: 59: 41: 37:terminal in 1944 21: 3020: 3019: 3015: 3014: 3013: 3011: 3010: 3009: 2965: 2964: 2963: 2958: 2940: 2919: 2898: 2866: 2830:Close encounter 2808: 2758: 2713: 2662: 2563: 2525: 2518: 2514:Space jellyfish 2509:Mystery airship 2504:Green fireballs 2472: 2317: 2264: 2231:Alderney (2007) 2200: 2191:Varginha (1996) 1924: 1872: 1842: 1829: 1824: 1768:Wayback Machine 1757: 1742: 1736: 1728:. HarperTorch. 1723: 1717: 1700: 1694: 1684:Sightings: UFOs 1681: 1675: 1667:. Visible Ink. 1662: 1659: 1654: 1646: 1642: 1632: 1630: 1622: 1621: 1617: 1609: 1605: 1593: 1589: 1581: 1577: 1569: 1562: 1554: 1550: 1542: 1538: 1530: 1523: 1511: 1507: 1499: 1495: 1487: 1483: 1465: 1464: 1460: 1450: 1448: 1435: 1434: 1425: 1417: 1413: 1405: 1401: 1393: 1389: 1381: 1377: 1369: 1362: 1354: 1350: 1342: 1338: 1330: 1326: 1318: 1311: 1303: 1299: 1291: 1287: 1279: 1272: 1264: 1260: 1252: 1248: 1238: 1236: 1227: 1226: 1209: 1201: 1197: 1189: 1182: 1174: 1170: 1155: 1132: 1125: 1110: 1109: 1105: 1095: 1094: 1090: 1082: 1078: 1065: 1061: 1054: 1050: 1046:Ruppelt, p. 109 1045: 1041: 1031: 1029: 1021: 1020: 1016: 1006: 1004: 996: 995: 991: 981: 980: 976: 971: 967: 957: 956: 952: 947: 943: 938: 934: 926: 922: 914: 910: 906: 901: 863:History Channel 858: 837:Robertson Panel 833:Walter B. Smith 825: 817:Washington Post 794: 719: 717: 709:Robertson Panel 696: 675: 654: 618: 612:5:30 a.m. 528: 520: 503:were reported. 447: 423:Washington flap 403: 310:Nation of Islam 194:GEIPAN - France 176: 100:Gorman dogfight 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3018: 3016: 3008: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2967: 2966: 2960: 2959: 2957: 2956: 2945: 2942: 2941: 2939: 2938: 2933: 2927: 2925: 2921: 2920: 2918: 2917: 2912: 2906: 2904: 2900: 2899: 2897: 2896: 2895: 2894: 2884: 2878: 2876: 2872: 2871: 2868: 2867: 2865: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2853: 2852: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2816: 2814: 2810: 2809: 2807: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2775: 2773: 2764: 2760: 2759: 2757: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2735: 2734: 2723: 2721: 2715: 2714: 2712: 2711: 2706: 2704:Time-traveller 2701: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2670: 2668: 2664: 2663: 2661: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2577: 2571: 2569: 2565: 2564: 2562: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2530: 2528: 2520: 2519: 2517: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2484:Black triangle 2480: 2478: 2474: 2473: 2471: 2470: 2465: 2463:United Kingdom 2460: 2455: 2452:Canary Islands 2445: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2383:Czech Republic 2380: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2329: 2327: 2323: 2322: 2319: 2318: 2316: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2274: 2272: 2266: 2265: 2263: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2208: 2206: 2202: 2201: 2199: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2146:Manises (1979) 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2066:Westall (1966) 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1986:Mariana (1950) 1983: 1978: 1973: 1971:Mantell (1948) 1968: 1963: 1961:Roswell (1947) 1958: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1932: 1930: 1926: 1925: 1923: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1886: 1880: 1878: 1874: 1873: 1871: 1870: 1865: 1859: 1857: 1850: 1844: 1843: 1841: 1840: 1834: 1831: 1830: 1825: 1823: 1822: 1815: 1808: 1800: 1794: 1793: 1787: 1782: 1776: 1771: 1756: 1755:External links 1753: 1752: 1751: 1740: 1734: 1721: 1715: 1698: 1692: 1679: 1673: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1652: 1640: 1615: 1613:, p. 102. 1603: 1599:files.ncas.org 1587: 1585:, p. 360. 1575: 1560: 1548: 1536: 1534:, p. 170. 1521: 1505: 1493: 1481: 1458: 1423: 1411: 1409:, p. 165. 1399: 1397:, p. 166. 1387: 1385:, p. 659. 1375: 1360: 1358:, p. 159. 1348: 1346:, p. 164. 1336: 1324: 1322:, p. 163. 1309: 1307:, p. 162. 1297: 1295:, p. 210. 1285: 1270: 1268:, p. 160. 1258: 1246: 1207: 1205:, p. 655. 1195: 1193:, p. 654. 1180: 1178:, p. 653. 1168: 1130: 1123: 1103: 1088: 1086:newspapers.com 1076: 1059: 1048: 1039: 1027:Newspapers.com 1014: 1002:Newspapers.com 989: 974: 965: 950: 941: 932: 920: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 896: 895: 873: 872: 857: 854: 824: 821: 793: 790: 741:Roger M. Ramey 716: 713: 695: 692: 653: 650: 617: 614: 527: 524: 519: 516: 446: 443: 435:Curtis Peebles 405: 404: 402: 401: 394: 387: 379: 376: 375: 374: 373: 368: 363: 358: 353: 348: 343: 335: 334: 330: 329: 328: 327: 322: 317: 312: 307: 302: 297: 289: 288: 282: 281: 280: 279: 274: 269: 264: 259: 251: 250: 244: 243: 242: 241: 236: 231: 226: 221: 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 178: 177: 175: 174: 168: 165: 164: 163: 162: 157: 155:Phoenix Lights 152: 147: 142: 137: 132: 127: 122: 117: 112: 107: 102: 97: 95:Chiles-Whitted 92: 87: 82: 77: 69: 68: 61: 60: 52: 51: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3017: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2980:1952 UFO flap 2978: 2976: 2973: 2972: 2970: 2955: 2947: 2946: 2943: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2928: 2926: 2922: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2907: 2905: 2901: 2893: 2890: 2889: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2879: 2877: 2873: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2857:Organizations 2855: 2851: 2848: 2847: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2817: 2815: 2811: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2768: 2765: 2761: 2755: 2754:Project Serpo 2752: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2733: 2732:Storm Area 51 2730: 2729: 2728: 2725: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2716: 2710: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2671: 2669: 2665: 2659: 2656: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2566: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2554:Nordic aliens 2552: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2534:Energy beings 2532: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2521: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2499:Ghost rockets 2497: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2489:Flying saucer 2487: 2485: 2482: 2481: 2479: 2477:Types of UFOs 2475: 2469: 2468:United States 2466: 2464: 2461: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2334: 2331: 2330: 2328: 2324: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2294: 2291: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2239: 2237: 2236:Norway (2009) 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2210: 2209: 2207: 2203: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2106:Tehran (1976) 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2056:Exeter (1965) 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1996:Sperry (1950) 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1966:Rhodes (1947) 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1921: 1920:Aurora (1897) 1918: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1860: 1858: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1845: 1839: 1836: 1835: 1832: 1828: 1821: 1816: 1814: 1809: 1807: 1802: 1801: 1798: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1754: 1748: 1747: 1741: 1737: 1735:0-380-81470-6 1731: 1727: 1722: 1718: 1716:0-425-15117-4 1712: 1708: 1707:Berkley Books 1704: 1699: 1695: 1693:0-684-83630-0 1689: 1685: 1680: 1676: 1674:1-57859-029-9 1670: 1666: 1661: 1660: 1656: 1650: 1644: 1641: 1629: 1625: 1619: 1616: 1612: 1607: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1591: 1588: 1584: 1579: 1576: 1573:, p. 79. 1572: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1558:, p. 66. 1557: 1552: 1549: 1546:, p. 62. 1545: 1540: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1509: 1506: 1503:, p. 80. 1502: 1497: 1494: 1490: 1485: 1482: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1462: 1459: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1432: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1421:, p. 77. 1420: 1415: 1412: 1408: 1403: 1400: 1396: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1379: 1376: 1373:, p. 76. 1372: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1352: 1349: 1345: 1340: 1337: 1333: 1328: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1301: 1298: 1294: 1289: 1286: 1283:, p. 22. 1282: 1281:Michaels 1997 1277: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1262: 1259: 1256:, p. 74. 1255: 1250: 1247: 1235: 1231: 1224: 1222: 1220: 1218: 1216: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1199: 1196: 1192: 1187: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1159: 1153: 1151: 1149: 1147: 1145: 1143: 1141: 1139: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1126: 1120: 1117:. Routledge. 1116: 1115: 1107: 1104: 1099: 1092: 1089: 1085: 1080: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1052: 1049: 1043: 1040: 1028: 1024: 1018: 1015: 1003: 999: 993: 990: 985: 978: 975: 972:Ruppelt, p141 969: 966: 961: 954: 951: 945: 942: 936: 933: 930:, p. 78. 929: 924: 921: 918:, p. 73. 917: 912: 909: 903: 898: 893: 889: 885: 884: 879: 875: 874: 870: 869: 864: 860: 859: 855: 853: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 822: 820: 818: 813: 811: 810:Condon Report 807: 803: 801: 800: 796:In his book, 791: 789: 786: 785:Aviation Week 782: 778: 774: 773:Donald Menzel 770: 765: 762: 758: 753: 748: 746: 742: 738: 714: 712: 710: 704: 701: 693: 691: 688: 684: 679: 672: 671:F-94 Starfire 666: 663: 659: 651: 649: 647: 643: 638: 633: 629: 625: 624: 615: 613: 610: 606: 602: 601:F-94 Starfire 599: 594: 591: 585: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 562: 560: 556: 552: 547: 543: 541: 537: 533: 525: 523: 517: 515: 513: 509: 504: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 484: 479: 477: 471: 469: 465: 460: 457:The 1952 UFO 451: 445:1952 UFO flap 444: 442: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 400: 395: 393: 388: 386: 381: 380: 378: 377: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 344: 342: 339: 338: 337: 336: 331: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 305:Heaven's Gate 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 292: 291: 290: 287: 283: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 263: 260: 258: 255: 254: 253: 252: 249: 245: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 207: 205: 202: 200: 197: 195: 192: 190: 187: 185: 182: 181: 180: 179: 173: 170: 169: 166: 161: 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 146: 143: 141: 138: 136: 135:Travis Walton 133: 131: 128: 126: 123: 121: 118: 116: 113: 111: 108: 106: 103: 101: 98: 96: 93: 91: 90:Mantell crash 88: 86: 83: 81: 78: 76: 73: 72: 71: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 53: 50: 46: 42: 36: 32: 19: 18:1952 UFO flap 2840:Crop circles 2799:Perspectives 2749:Men in black 2694:Psychosocial 2580: 2337:South Africa 2242: 2213: 2205:21st century 1929:20th century 1745: 1725: 1702: 1683: 1664: 1643: 1631:. Retrieved 1627: 1618: 1611:Peebles 1994 1606: 1598: 1590: 1583:Peebles 1994 1578: 1571:Peebles 1994 1556:Peebles 1994 1551: 1544:Peebles 1994 1539: 1532:Ruppelt 1955 1516: 1508: 1501:Peebles 1994 1496: 1484: 1476:the original 1471: 1461: 1449:. Retrieved 1445:the original 1440: 1419:Peebles 1994 1414: 1407:Ruppelt 1955 1402: 1395:Ruppelt 1955 1390: 1378: 1371:Peebles 1994 1356:Ruppelt 1955 1351: 1344:Ruppelt 1955 1339: 1332:Peebles 1994 1327: 1320:Ruppelt 1955 1305:Ruppelt 1955 1300: 1293:Ruppelt 1955 1288: 1266:Ruppelt 1955 1261: 1254:Peebles 1994 1249: 1237:. Retrieved 1233: 1198: 1171: 1161: 1113: 1106: 1091: 1079: 1071: 1067: 1062: 1051: 1042: 1030:. Retrieved 1026: 1017: 1005:. Retrieved 1001: 992: 977: 968: 953: 944: 935: 928:Peebles 1994 923: 916:Peebles 1994 911: 881: 866: 826: 816: 814: 804: 797: 795: 784: 781:Philip Klass 766: 757:Mount Vernon 749: 745:World War II 737:John Samford 734: 705: 700:Harry Truman 697: 680: 667: 655: 637:the Pentagon 621: 619: 595: 586: 563: 548: 544: 529: 521: 507: 506:On April 7, 505: 482: 475: 472: 456: 430: 426: 422: 408: 272:Men in black 145:Belgian wave 114: 110:Mariana film 2763:Involvement 2583:(1947–1950) 2539:Grey aliens 2494:Foo fighter 2428:New Zealand 1628:TVGuide.com 1441:www.cia.gov 1032:11 February 1007:11 February 551:White House 501:sonic booms 320:Scientology 267:Majestic 12 2969:Categories 2903:Skepticism 2862:Ufologists 2744:Dulce Base 2667:Hypotheses 2544:Insectoids 1951:1947 craze 1383:Clark 1998 1239:23 January 1203:Clark 1998 1191:Clark 1998 1176:Clark 1998 899:References 792:Criticisms 658:stewardess 366:Ufologists 67:and hoaxes 2887:Religions 2835:Contactee 2804:Insurance 2794:Narrative 2789:Claimants 2739:Bob Lazar 2699:Nazi UFOs 2403:Indonesia 2353:Australia 2348:Argentina 849:debunking 845:physicist 466:director 429:, or the 415:sightings 286:Religions 262:Bob Lazar 115:1952 flap 80:1947 wave 2954:Category 2820:Implants 2784:Entities 1764:Archived 609:Delaware 553:and the 485:magazine 478:magazine 2882:Fiction 2875:Culture 2779:History 2727:Area 51 2568:Studies 2363:Belgium 2358:Belarus 2343:Albania 1856:General 1838:Ufology 1657:Sources 880:series 878:Netflix 642:taxicab 576:of his 574:cockpit 566:runways 315:Raëlism 257:Area 51 85:Roswell 49:ufology 2850:GEIPAN 2458:Sweden 2443:Russia 2438:Poland 2433:Norway 2418:Mexico 2393:Greece 2388:France 2373:Canada 2368:Brazil 2333:Africa 2214:Nimitz 1891:(740s) 1732:  1713:  1690:  1671:  1633:Jul 9, 1451:Jul 9, 1121:  779:, and 582:meteor 425:, the 413:(UFO) 2813:Other 2448:Spain 2423:Nepal 2413:Italy 2398:India 2378:China 904:Notes 660:on a 590:stars 540:radar 277:Serpo 2892:list 2408:Iran 2241:USS 2212:USS 1827:UFOs 1730:ISBN 1711:ISBN 1688:ISBN 1669:ISBN 1635:2019 1453:2019 1241:2024 1119:ISBN 1072:Life 1068:True 1034:2024 1009:2024 843:, a 752:B-25 578:DC-4 508:Life 483:Look 476:Life 459:flap 47:and 45:UFOs 892:CGI 769:CAA 607:in 534:at 2971:: 1709:. 1705:. 1626:. 1597:. 1563:^ 1524:^ 1515:. 1470:. 1439:. 1426:^ 1363:^ 1312:^ 1273:^ 1232:. 1210:^ 1183:^ 1160:. 1133:^ 1025:. 1000:. 839:. 711:. 2454:) 2450:( 2339:) 2335:( 1819:e 1812:t 1805:v 1749:. 1738:. 1719:. 1696:. 1677:. 1637:. 1601:. 1519:. 1455:. 1243:. 1165:. 1036:. 1011:. 986:. 962:. 676:" 398:e 391:t 384:v 20:)

Index

1952 UFO flap

Washington National Airport
UFOs
ufology
Flying saucer from the National Archives and Records Administration
Notable sightings
Kenneth Arnold sighting
1947 wave
Roswell
Mantell crash
Chiles-Whitted
Gorman dogfight
McMinnville photos
Mariana film
1952 flap
Sightings in outer space
Flatwoods monster
Barney and Betty Hill
Travis Walton
Rendlesham Forest
Belgian wave
Alien autopsy hoax
Phoenix Lights
Pentagon UFO videos
Government investigations
Operação Prato - Brazil
Project Magnet - Canada
GEIPAN - France
Institute 22 - Soviet Union

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