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1971 New Democratic Party leadership election

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825:, David Lewis was elected the party's new leader after four ballots. This was the first time in CCF/NDP history that the leadership wasn't won on the first ballot. Unlike the recent Progressive Conservatives and Liberal conventions, where there were problems with computerized voting machines, the NDP decided to stay with the more traditional paper ballot book and manual vote tabulation system. The party organizers divided the approximately 1,700 delegates into 20 polls, similar to a federal electoral district vote, with returning officers that carried the ballot boxes to the voters. The balloting took less than an hour for each round. The first ballots results were announced within an hour of the 2:00 p.m. starting time. The second round vote results were released by 3:30 p.m., the third round by 4:15 p.m., and the final fourth ballot by 4:40 p.m. The recent Ontario Progressive Conservative party leadership election took about ten hours, due to its use of an embryonic electronic balloting system that did not work as advertised. 619:
federal government. The Unity Group, and its allies, urged the convention not to take a stance which could be construed by Canadian voters as assisting Quebec separation. In an effort to prevent the whole Quebec issue even reaching the floor, the Unity Group tried to reach a compromise with the Waffle and the NDP's Quebec wing the day before the convention started. In essence, compromise would have been a "commitment to Canadian union while saying that the constitutional arrangements between Ottawa and the provinces must be completely renegotiated." It went on to further state that "The unity of this country cannot be based on force. ... If one of our provinces were to choose to separate, freely and democratically, it would be madness to attempt to restrain it by force." A compromise could not be reached as the small Quebec contingent â€“ and the Waffle members in attendance at the resolutions committee â€“ refused to vote to accept the new resolution, forcing the Quebec issue on to the convention floor on Friday, April 23.
642:, tried to bridge the two polarized factions, by attempting to introduce a compromise amendment to Lewis' motion that said: "There should be no questioning of the fundamental right of Quebeckers to leave Confederation if the decision is democratically arrived by the people of Quebec." His amendment garnered little support, and was rejected outright by a wide majority. In the end, the vast majority of the 1,700 convention delegates supported the Lewis motion, with a show of hands. The motion backed a one-Canada stand, and really gave the party's establishment a free-hand on how to prepare a more detailed position for the up-coming federal election, since the motion also made the party's establishment-controlled Federal Council responsible for producing that policy. After the Quebec wing's defeat on the Quebec motion, Laliberté refused to state whether they would leave the party, only suggesting that it would be dealt with at their June provincial convention. 1043:
enough enemies to make the leadership campaign interesting. As well, Lewis was involved in most of the internal conflicts within the CCF/NDP during the previous 36 years, so the many members that felt his wrath as the party disciplinarian during this period, plotted their revenge against him. At his first press conference after winning the leadership, Lewis stated that he was not beholden to the Waffle, as they were soundly defeated on the floor, and he made no promises to them. He also took on the party's Quebec wing, stating that they could continue to theorize about possible self-determination resolutions, but come election time, they must pledge themselves to the party's newly confirmed federalist policy. He did not purge the Waffle from the NDP, instead leaving it to his son Stephen to do in June 1972, when the party's Ontario wing resolved to disband the Waffle, or kick its members out of the party if they did not comply with the disbanding order.
610:’s Minister of Mines and Resources in the NDP provincial government, spoke in favour of the moderate resolutions committee motion. He was countered on the convention floor by university professor Peter Usher, a Waffle member from Ottawa, who moved to refer the committee’s motion back for redrafting to push for nationalization of all resource industries. After much heated debate, his motion was defeated in a standing-count vote by a three to one margin. The standing vote was needed because Waffle members challenged two previous voting attempts. Once defeated, the Unity Group, and its labour supporters, pressed for the adoption of the original eight-point resolution, which then passed easily with a five to one plurality. With the Waffle’s amendment defeated, it seemed unlikely that they could pass other motions that called for the nationalization of other economic sectors like manufacturing, financial, and transportation. 634:(CEQ), was making noises that they might secede from the party if it adopted the federalist resolution. The official resolution that the Waffle and the Quebec wing refused to vote on the previous day was: "The unity of our country cannot be based on force. However, the business of the NDP is to work for a united Canada, on a basis that will do full justice to our people." To counter this, Richard Comber, the Waffle's Quebec leader, and Laliberté proposed a resolution from the floor to form a new alliance between the two Canadian founding nations. Their resolution demanded: "A recognition to Quebeckers of their absolute right to self-determination, meaning their right to collectively determine the degree of political sovereignty which they desire." 232: 623:
through unilateral separation from Canada. He further rejected the notion that non-Quebecers could not partake in that province's internal debates and stated that he would "do everything I can to better the conditions of those people in Quebec who have been betrayed by successive governments." He reiterated the intent of the compromise motion by stating that if "the overwhelming majority of the people of Quebec want out of Confederation, it will be time enough to call in the lawyers." To further support Douglas' call for dialogue between English and French-speaking Canadians, towards an equal partnership based on common goals, Ontario NDP leader
741:. However, he had a major disadvantage compared to some of the other candidates: at the time of the leadership campaign, he did not hold elected office, and had been defeated in four previous attempts to get elected to the House of Commons. The Quebec issue, and much of the fall-out from weeks of debating it before the convention, pulled Harney away from the issues that he was trying to get debated, notably regulating financial institutions to use their wealth to promote programs that had social benefits for all, and following the Ontario NDP's plan for nationalizing resource industries. 1054:. Lewis, Howard, and Harney lost their seats and ended their federal careers as active politicians. Lewis resigned, finally informing the public that he had been fighting cancer for the past two years. Broadbent, became the leader in the House of Commons until a new leader was elected. In the end, the real winner of 1971 convention was Ed Broadbent. Although he was unsuccessful for his run at the leadership in 1971, it was a prelude to his winning the leadership at the next convention, and without the internecine divisiveness that the Waffle introduced at this convention. 543:, a candidate to replace Tommy Douglas as federal leader. The Unity Group â€“ also known as "NDP NOW", from the title of a pamphlet released earlier in the year that espoused its philosophy â€“ was a committee of party establishment officials and organizers set up to oppose the Waffle at the convention by presenting more moderate views at the convention floor microphones. It was formed in 1970, after the well-organized Waffle had effectively taken over much of the floor debate at the Winnipeg Convention in October 1969. The group was headed by 720:
the party. When Lewis and Frank Howard attacked the Waffle, Broadbent warned that they were setting up the convention to be divided along Waffle/Establishment lines, which is what happened. Before getting into politics, Broadbent was a professor at York University, teaching political theory. He was educated at the University of Toronto and the London School of Economics. His performance on the Quebec issue the day before the leadership vote cost him much of his support as his amendments were rejected outright on the convention floor.
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it, when Krista Maeots, leadership candidate James Laxer's wife, put forward the resolution that 12 of the 24 council members elected at the convention be women. She was met by surprising resistance from fellow women, but had the support of leadership candidate John Harney. It needed a two-thirds majority to pass, according to the party's constitution, but many delegates thought it was tokenism, and voted down the resolution two to one.
695:, for almost 36 years. He was the National Secretary from 1936 until 1950, when he moved from Ottawa to Toronto to set up a labour law practice. He served as the National President of the CCF during its final years, and was one of the main organizers behind bringing labour and democratic socialists together to form the NDP in 1961. He had been the Member of Parliament for the federal electoral district of 2050: 576: 763:
platform items. His other platform plank included support for native-Canadian issues, or in the parlance of the time, Indian Affairs. He did not spend much time campaigning before the convention, and even went on a two-week parliamentary trip to Australia and New Zealand in March. His strategy was to win delegate support at the convention in the days leading up to the Saturday vote.
75: 779:, and was a lecturer at Queen's University during the campaign. He was married to Krista Maeots, who ran unsuccessfully for the NDP's presidency at the 1969 policy convention. She was also a leading figure in the Waffle movement. He did not hold elected office, but because all the candidates were debating the Waffle's issues he was effectively Lewis' main challenger. 663:, who was stepping down as president because he recently was elected as the leader of the Saskatchewan NDP. MacDonald won 885 to 565, as expected, but Gudmundson received a surprisingly high level of support, due in part, to leadership candidate Ed Broadbent's supporters and the relative strength of the Waffle's supporters. 567:, and large scale nationalization of the natural resources/energy sector. The Waffle was at the forefront for advocating these ideas, while the Unity Group put up the defence against these proposals The Unity Group won these debates, and the Waffle's motions on these issues were defeated or heavily modified. 774:
was the youngest candidate, at 29 years old. He was the Waffle's candidate for leader, and he espoused their ultra-nationalistic left-wing views. He came from a family that had been keen supporters of the Communist Party of Canada, until 1956, when Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev made public Josef
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The next day, while giving his final leader's report, T. C. "Tommy" Douglas launched the party establishment's opening salvo against the Waffle and their Quebec resolution. He told the almost 2000 convention attendees that he rejected the principle that Quebec has the right to self-determination
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electoral district. He was known for his caustic, no-nonsense approach to politics, and was frequently in trouble with the Speaker of the House of Commons. He also had a criminal record for armed robbery, committed when he was 18. This naturally led him to espousing penal reform as one of his main
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On Friday, the debate and vote on the Quebec issue lasted about an hour and a half. The Resolutions Committee's motion was tabled by leadership contender, David Lewis. He led the charge against the Waffle, speaking from the floor, and surrounded by approximately 600 supporters, stated: "You would be
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was the oldest at 45, still considerably younger than Lewis' 61 years, and the only one not from Ontario. He entered the leadership campaign in January 1971, attacking the Waffle for what he perceived to be their political naiveté. At the time, he had served in the Commons for 14 years, one of the
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electoral district, and was the first candidate to declare candidacy for the leadership when he did so in June 1970. He had been one of the founders of the Waffle, but backed away from them before the 1969 convention. He ran partially to bridge the gulf between the Waffle and the Establishment in
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The whole Federal Council, including the executive, had 124 members, on which the Waffle held 20 positions going into the elections. After April 23, they held only Gudmundson and Watkins' seats. On April 25, Laxer and Watkins tried to get on the executive, as there were still two vacant seats. They
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On Friday, April 23, the most complex and thorny issues were debated. The first contentious issue on the agenda dealt with natural resources industries, such as the oil, gas, and mines, as it became the centre of a major showdown between the Waffle and the labour movement forces. The Waffle faction
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The first test for the Waffle, on the convention floor, occurred on opening day, Wednesday, April 21. That afternoon, the constitution committee tabled a motion to ensure at least 12 of the approximately 100 members of the ruling Federal Council were women. The Waffle put their full support behind
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The media attention that the Waffle, and its candidate, James Laxer, received, before and during the vote, partially explains the closest federal NDP leadership election up to that time. Lewis' perceived heavy-handed tactics in dealing with the Waffle at this and previous conventions had made him
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NDP Now and the Waffle fought for control of the party's bureaucracy, by trying to get as many people elected as party officers of the Federal Executive and Council. The major battles were for the party's executive positions, especially the President and Vice-President positions. NDP Now, and its
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No other issue at the convention caused more worry for the NDP than what its policy should be with regards to Quebec self-determination. The Waffle's position called for the recognition of Quebecers' right to secede from the rest of Canada, without intervention from the other provinces and the
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Gudmundson then ran for one of the seven Vice-President positions, as did fellow Waffler Mel Watkins. She managed to get elected, but Watkins failed to keep his seat on the executive, and had to run for a general council seat instead. David Lewis' campaign manager, McGill University professor
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leader. His years of service and control of most of the federal party's apparatus made him the "establishment" candidate, and the one to beat at the convention. During the leadership campaign, he did not travel around the country, as the other candidates had to, since he did most of his
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and public ownership of resource industries. The party establishment, and Labour, being more moderate, wanted only to expand public and co-operative ownership. The hour-long debate, quickly transcended into raucous name-calling and physical pushing and shoving at the microphone stands.
527:, the former Ontario NDP leader, was elected as the party's president. The major non-leadership issues were what stance would the party take in terms of Quebec sovereignty and whether policy initiatives calling for the nationalization of the oil, gas, and mining industries would pass. 731:
was born in Quebec and was fluently bilingual. Entering the race in November 1970, he turned forty years old during the campaign, and like the other candidates, was essentially a generation younger than David Lewis. Like Broadbent, he was a university professor,
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and later at York University, teaching English literature. He was the Provincial Secretary for the Ontario New Democratic Party from 1966 to 1970. In that time, he was also the campaign manager for that party's breakthrough campaign in the
699:, since 1962 (with the exception of a two-year period between 1963 and 1965). The two times that T. C. Douglas did not win a seat to parliament, Lewis took over as house leader. The second time, in 1968, essentially left Lewis as the 1050:, the NDP finally made a breakthrough, winning 31 seats in the House of Commons, including one for John Harney, and holding the balance of power. However, within two years, the party faced a setback when it won only 16 seats in the 2359: 2374: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2404: 2399: 638:
doing an immense disservice to the party and this great country if this convention binds itself to any resolution that questions the desire of the people to live in one united Canada." Another leadership hopeful,
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trade union backers, nominated the Ontario NDP's former leader, Donald C. MacDonald as its candidate for party President. The Waffle candidate was Susan Gudmundson, from
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The Waffle was a group of mostly young, university students and intellectuals. It was formed in 1969 and was led at the convention by University of Toronto economist
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Goldblatt, Murray (April 24, 1971). "Bloc of Union Delegates Aids Establishment to Fend Off Waffle Drive for Party Offices".
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electioneering in the fall of 1970, and declared his intentions formally in December 1970, as a direct result of this work.
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List, Wilfred (April 24, 1971). "Complete Public Ownership of Oil, Mines Is Rejected 3 to 1 by New Democrats".
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Spiers, Rosemary (April 22, 1971). "Quebec Wing Threatens to Bolt Federal Party if Autonomy Vote Fails".
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Frayne, Trent (April 17, 1971). "David Lewis Has It All to Win NDP Leadership Except for His Age: 61".
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was seen as the front runner by the media. He had worked for either the NDP and its forerunner, the
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The Quebec wing, led by Raymond Laliberté, a former head of Quebec's activist teachers' union,
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Michael, Lavoie (April 26, 1971). "Voting the Old Way Makes It All Seem Model of Efficiency".
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Goldblatt, Murray (April 26, 1971). "Lewis Asserts His Command: No Pandering to the Waffle".
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Sykes, Philip (June 26, 1972). "Officially Dead, the Waffle Girds for Its Biggest Battle".
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Westell, Anthony (April 24, 1971). "After the Shouts: NDP Still Lacks a Quebec Policy".
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Speirs, Rosemary (April 26, 1971). "Waffle Strength Dismays the NDP's Establishment".
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Lavoie, Michael (April 24, 1971). "NDP Seeks Public Control of Oil, Gas Companies".
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were overwhelmingly rebuffed in their attempts by the pro-establishment council.
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Spiers, Rosemary (April 24, 1971). "NDP Rejects Force to Hold Quebec".
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List, Wilfred (April 24, 1971). "Waffle Faction Is Irate in Defeat".
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Stalin's reign of terror. In the mid-1960s, he was the president of
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Goldblatt, Murray (April 26, 1971). "Long Road to the Top".
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Cahill, Jack (April 24, 1971). "NDP Backs Lewis on Quebec".
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Howarth, Jean (September 6, 1969). "The Waffle Manifesto".
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faction was at the zenith of its popularity and power.
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The New Democrats, 1961–1986: The Politics of Change
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Toronto: Copp Clark Pitman. 671:easily won re-election as a Vice-President. 383: 21: 1527:"Four Chase Lewis for the NDP Leadership". 2262: 2061: 1921: 1902: 1888: 1880: 1664: 1662: 1328:. Torstar. April 21, 1971. pp. 1, 10. 20: 2659:1971 political party leadership elections 2654:New Democratic Party leadership elections 1834:M.J.: The Life and Times of M.J. Coldwell 456:New Democratic Party leadership elections 827: 592:Natural resources nationalization debate 1599: 1584: 1572: 1560: 1471: 1111: 1109: 1107: 1105: 1103: 1101: 1075:"Greatest Spending Reported by Laxer". 1067: 1653: 1353: 1130: 1120:. Torstar. April 21, 1971. p. 10. 382: 1789:. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. 1531:. Toronto. April 17, 1971. p. 7. 1343:. Torstar. April 22, 1971. p. 4. 1296:. Torstar. April 22, 1971. p. 4. 1281:. Torstar. April 22, 1971. p. 4. 1227:. Torstar. April 22, 1971. p. 4. 1145: 1143: 1141: 1139: 1079:. Toronto. April 26, 1971. p. 4. 7: 2484:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 2009:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 1808:Unfinished Journey: The Lewis Family 693:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 1864:. Toronto: McArthur & Company. 1838:. Toronto: Stoddart Publishing Co. 531:The Waffle–Unity Group floor battle 1417:. Toronto: Torstar. pp. 1, 6. 1339:"Ontario's NDP Pledged to Unity". 734:first at the University of Guelph, 14: 1781:Shackleton, Doris French (1975). 2360:Newfoundland & Labrador 2023 2048: 632:Centrale des syndicats du QuĂ©bec 230: 73: 28: 1729:NDP: Social Democracy in Canada 1544:, Profiles, accessed 2024-05-02 1542:Library of Parliament of Canada 515:retired as federal leader, and 2628:New Democratic Party of Quebec 1048:1972 federal election campaign 821:On Saturday, April 24, at the 749:Of all of Lewis' challengers, 509:New Democratic Party of Canada 1: 2591:Labour candidates and parties 1812:. Toronto: Summerhill Press. 802:mayor of Halifax, Nova Scotia 583:where the convention was held 539:, an NDP vice-president, and 18:Leadership election in Canada 2606:Canada's Young New Democrats 2664:April 1971 events in Canada 754:last CCF MPs left from the 2680: 1703:Blocker, David G. (2019). 830:Delegate support by ballot 2375:Prince Edward Island 2022 2046: 1968:Newfoundland and Labrador 847: 844: 841: 838: 835: 777:Canadian University Press 454: 346: 221: 65: 38: 26: 2649:1971 elections in Canada 2519:Canadian Labour Congress 2469:Key documents and events 1941:Provincial / Territorial 561:Canadian Labour Congress 2529:List of CCF/NDP members 2502:Statement of Principles 2459:New Politics Initiative 2331:Upcoming or most recent 1804:Smith, Cameron (1989). 646:Party officer elections 2187:Parliamentary election 1625:. Torstar. p. 13. 1491:. Torstar. p. 11. 1461:. Torstar. p. 12. 1443:. Toronto. p. 10. 1257:. Toronto. p. 10. 1189:. 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Parliament 2393:Shadow cabinets 2384: 2332: 2326: 2266:Current leaders 2250: 2188: 2182: 2129: 2053: 2040: 1997: 1936: 1913: 1908: 1878: 1872: 1855: 1852: 1846: 1828:Stewart, Walter 1826: 1820: 1803: 1797: 1780: 1774: 1757: 1754: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1723:Morton, Desmond 1721: 1712: 1710: 1702: 1698: 1693: 1683: 1682: 1678: 1668: 1667: 1660: 1652: 1645: 1635: 1634: 1630: 1620: 1619: 1606: 1598: 1591: 1583: 1579: 1571: 1567: 1559: 1548: 1540: 1536: 1526: 1525: 1496: 1486: 1485: 1478: 1470: 1466: 1456: 1455: 1448: 1438: 1437: 1422: 1412: 1411: 1400: 1390: 1389: 1382: 1372: 1371: 1360: 1352: 1348: 1338: 1337: 1333: 1323: 1322: 1301: 1291: 1290: 1286: 1276: 1275: 1262: 1252: 1251: 1232: 1222: 1221: 1217: 1204: 1203: 1194: 1184: 1183: 1179: 1169: 1168: 1159: 1149: 1148: 1137: 1129: 1125: 1115: 1114: 1099: 1089: 1088: 1084: 1074: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1060: 1040: 819: 817:Leadership vote 785: 769: 747: 733: 726: 710: 686: 681: 648: 616: 599:nationalization 594: 573: 533: 458: 372: 367: 360: 355: 347: 337: 332: 326: 323: 312: 306: 303: 286: 283: 266: 263: 254: 237: 222: 216: 211: 206: 200: 197: 191: 186: 181: 175: 172: 166: 161: 156: 150: 147: 136: 130: 123: 120: 111: 104: 87: 80: 34: 29: 27: 19: 12: 11: 5: 2677: 2675: 2667: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2641: 2640: 2634: 2633: 2631: 2630: 2625: 2623:Leap Manifesto 2620: 2619: 2618: 2613: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2586:United Farmers 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2567: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2526: 2521: 2515: 2513: 2509: 2508: 2506: 2505: 2499: 2493: 2487: 2480: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2465: 2463: 2462: 2456: 2455:(1998–present) 2450: 2444: 2437: 2435: 2431: 2430: 2428: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2396: 2394: 2390: 2389: 2386: 2385: 2383: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2336: 2334: 2328: 2327: 2325: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2297: 2292: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2269: 2267: 2260: 2256: 2255: 2252: 2251: 2249: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2198: 2192: 2190: 2184: 2183: 2181: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2145: 2139: 2137: 2131: 2130: 2128: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2081: 2075: 2068: 2066: 2059: 2055: 2054: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2041: 2039: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2027: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2005: 2003: 1999: 1998: 1996: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1937: 1935: 1934: 1928: 1926: 1919: 1915: 1914: 1909: 1907: 1906: 1899: 1892: 1884: 1877: 1876: 1870: 1850: 1844: 1824: 1818: 1801: 1795: 1778: 1772: 1752: 1739: 1719: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1691: 1676: 1658: 1643: 1628: 1604: 1589: 1587:, p. 236. 1577: 1565: 1563:, p. 233. 1546: 1534: 1494: 1476: 1474:, p. 232. 1464: 1446: 1420: 1398: 1380: 1358: 1356:, p. 121. 1346: 1331: 1299: 1284: 1260: 1230: 1215: 1206:Zaritsky, John 1192: 1177: 1157: 1135: 1133:, p. 125. 1123: 1097: 1082: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1004: 1003: 1000: 997: 991: 990: 987: 984: 981: 978: 972: 971: 968: 965: 962: 959: 956: 953: 947: 946: 943: 940: 937: 934: 931: 928: 925: 922: 916: 915: 910: 905: 902: 899: 896: 893: 890: 887: 879: 878: 875: 872: 869: 866: 863: 860: 857: 854: 850: 849: 846: 843: 840: 837: 818: 815: 814: 813: 807:Charles Taylor 804: 795: 784: 781: 768: 765: 746: 743: 725: 722: 709: 706: 685: 682: 680: 677: 669:Charles Taylor 661:Allan Blakeney 647: 644: 615: 612: 593: 590: 572: 569: 545:Desmond Morton 532: 529: 491: 490: 452: 451: 448: 444: 443: 440: 436: 435: 432: 428: 427: 422: 418: 417: 412: 408: 407: 398: 394: 393: 390: 379: 378: 375: 374: 365:Elected Leader 362: 344: 343: 340: 339: 334: 329: 327:delegate count 320: 319: 314: 309: 307:delegate count 300: 299: 294: 289: 287:delegate count 280: 279: 274: 269: 267:delegate count 260: 259: 252: 247: 243: 242: 235: 228: 224: 223: 219: 218: 213: 208: 203: 201:delegate count 194: 193: 188: 183: 178: 176:delegate count 169: 168: 163: 158: 153: 151:delegate count 144: 143: 138: 133: 126: 124:delegate count 117: 116: 109: 102: 97: 93: 92: 85: 78: 71: 63: 62: 59: 58: 52: 47: 36: 35: 17: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2676: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2646: 2644: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2608: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2565: 2562: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2531: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2516: 2514: 2510: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2481: 2478: 2474: 2473: 2471: 2467: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2438: 2436: 2432: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2397: 2395: 2391: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2350:Manitoba 2017 2348: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2337: 2335: 2329: 2323: 2322:K. White – YT 2320: 2318: 2317:A. White – NB 2315: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2302: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2291: 2290: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2270: 2268: 2264: 2261: 2257: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2191: 2185: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2132: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2069: 2067: 2063: 2060: 2058:Federal level 2056: 2051: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2011: 2010: 2007: 2006: 2004: 2000: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1963:New Brunswick 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1945: 1943: 1939: 1933: 1930: 1929: 1927: 1923: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1905: 1900: 1898: 1893: 1891: 1886: 1885: 1882: 1873: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1851: 1847: 1841: 1836: 1835: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1815: 1810: 1809: 1802: 1798: 1792: 1787: 1786: 1785:Tommy Douglas 1779: 1775: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1753: 1746:September 29, 1742: 1736: 1731: 1730: 1724: 1720: 1713:September 29, 1708: 1707: 1701: 1700: 1695: 1687: 1680: 1677: 1672: 1665: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1650: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1632: 1629: 1624: 1617: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1581: 1578: 1574: 1569: 1566: 1562: 1557: 1555: 1553: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1538: 1535: 1530: 1523: 1521: 1519: 1517: 1515: 1513: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1495: 1490: 1483: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1465: 1460: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1442: 1435: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1427: 1425: 1421: 1416: 1409: 1407: 1405: 1403: 1399: 1394: 1387: 1385: 1381: 1376: 1369: 1367: 1365: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1350: 1347: 1342: 1335: 1332: 1327: 1320: 1318: 1316: 1314: 1312: 1310: 1308: 1306: 1304: 1300: 1295: 1288: 1285: 1280: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1267: 1265: 1261: 1256: 1249: 1247: 1245: 1243: 1241: 1239: 1237: 1235: 1231: 1226: 1219: 1216: 1211: 1207: 1201: 1199: 1197: 1193: 1188: 1181: 1178: 1173: 1166: 1164: 1162: 1158: 1153: 1146: 1144: 1142: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1127: 1124: 1119: 1112: 1110: 1108: 1106: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1093: 1086: 1083: 1078: 1071: 1068: 1062: 1057: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1044: 1037: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1005: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 992: 988: 985: 982: 979: 977: 974: 973: 969: 966: 963: 960: 957: 954: 952: 949: 948: 944: 941: 938: 935: 932: 929: 926: 923: 921: 918: 917: 914: 911: 909: 906: 903: 900: 897: 894: 891: 888: 886: 885: 881: 880: 876: 873: 870: 867: 864: 861: 858: 855: 852: 851: 834: 831: 826: 824: 816: 812: 808: 805: 803: 799: 798:Allan O'Brien 796: 794: 790: 787: 786: 782: 780: 778: 773: 766: 764: 761: 757: 752: 744: 742: 740: 730: 723: 721: 718: 717:Oshawa–Whitby 714: 707: 705: 702: 698: 694: 690: 683: 678: 676: 672: 670: 664: 662: 658: 654: 645: 643: 641: 635: 633: 628: 626: 625:Stephen Lewis 620: 613: 611: 609: 605: 600: 597:wanted total 591: 589: 582: 577: 570: 568: 566: 562: 558: 554: 553:Lynn Williams 550: 549:Marion Bryden 546: 542: 538: 530: 528: 526: 522: 518: 514: 513:Tommy Douglas 510: 506: 502: 498: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 426: 423: 419: 416: 415:Tommy Douglas 413: 409: 406: 402: 399: 395: 391: 387: 373: 371: 366: 363: 361: 359: 358:Tommy Douglas 354: 351: 350: 345: 335: 330: 322: 321: 318: 315: 310: 304:Second ballot 302: 301: 298: 295: 293: 290: 282: 281: 278: 275: 273: 270: 264:Fourth ballot 262: 261: 257: 253: 251: 248: 245: 244: 240: 236: 233: 229: 226: 225: 220: 214: 209: 204: 196: 195: 189: 184: 179: 173:Second ballot 171: 170: 164: 159: 154: 146: 145: 142: 139: 134: 132: 127: 121:Fourth ballot 119: 118: 114: 110: 107: 103: 101: 98: 95: 94: 90: 86: 83: 79: 76: 72: 69: 68: 64: 57: → 56: 53: 51: 48: 46: 43:←  42: 41: 37: 25: 16: 2596:Ginger Group 2544:Saskatchewan 2482:Founding of 2477:Ginger Group 2475:Creation of 2370:Ontario 2023 2340:Alberta 2024 2299: 2287: 2278:Chender – NS 2147: 1988:Saskatchewan 1861: 1833: 1807: 1784: 1763: 1744:. Retrieved 1728: 1711:. Retrieved 1705: 1696:Bibliography 1686:Toronto Star 1685: 1679: 1670: 1637: 1631: 1623:Toronto Star 1622: 1600:Blocker 2019 1585:Blocker 2019 1580: 1573:Blocker 2019 1568: 1561:Blocker 2019 1537: 1528: 1489:Toronto Star 1488: 1472:Blocker 2019 1467: 1459:Toronto Star 1458: 1440: 1415:Toronto Star 1414: 1393:Toronto Star 1392: 1375:Toronto Star 1374: 1349: 1341:Toronto Star 1340: 1334: 1326:Toronto Star 1325: 1294:Toronto Star 1293: 1287: 1279:Toronto Star 1278: 1254: 1225:Toronto Star 1224: 1218: 1209: 1186: 1180: 1172:Toronto Star 1171: 1152:Toronto Star 1151: 1126: 1118:Toronto Star 1117: 1091: 1085: 1076: 1070: 1045: 1041: 995:Frank Howard 976:Ed Broadbent 912: 907: 882: 829: 820: 770: 751:Frank Howard 748: 745:Frank Howard 727: 713:Ed Broadbent 711: 708:Ed Broadbent 700: 687: 673: 665: 657:Saskatchewan 649: 640:Ed Broadbent 636: 629: 621: 617: 604:Sidney Green 595: 586: 534: 496: 494: 463: 368: 364: 356: 352: 324:First ballot 316: 296: 291: 284:Third ballot 276: 271: 256:Frank Howard 250:Ed Broadbent 238: 198:First ballot 148:Third ballot 140: 128: 88: 81: 49: 15: 2559:Nova Scotia 2461:(2001–2004) 2449:(1979–1994) 2447:Left Caucus 2443:(1969–1972) 2312:Nenshi – AB 2307:Neill – PEI 2295:Stiles – ON 1973:Nova Scotia 1918:Party wings 1654:Morton 1977 1354:Morton 1977 1131:Morton 1977 920:James Laxer 884:David Lewis 874:Votes cast 868:Votes cast 862:Votes cast 856:Votes cast 848:4th ballot 845:3rd ballot 842:2nd ballot 839:1st ballot 793:Port Arthur 789:Doug Fisher 772:James Laxer 729:John Harney 724:John Harney 689:David Lewis 684:David Lewis 541:James Laxer 537:Mel Watkins 517:David Lewis 425:David Lewis 421:Won by 370:David Lewis 106:James Laxer 100:David Lewis 2643:Categories 2571:Presidents 2441:The Waffle 2301:Kinew – MB 2189:candidates 2105:McLaughlin 2072:Woodsworth 2002:Historical 1058:References 836:Candidate 697:York South 521:the Waffle 439:Candidates 397:Convention 317:Eliminated 297:Eliminated 292:Eliminated 277:Eliminated 272:Eliminated 246:Candidate 141:Eliminated 96:Candidate 2601:New Party 2283:Dinn – NL 2273:Beck – SK 2110:McDonough 2100:Broadbent 1063:Footnotes 1038:Aftermath 653:Saskatoon 555:, of the 2549:Manitoba 2512:See also 2434:Factions 2289:Eby – BC 2078:Coldwell 2014:Manitoba 1958:Manitoba 1860:(2003). 1830:(2000). 1762:(1986). 1725:(1977). 783:Declined 701:de facto 608:Manitoba 503:held in 450:$ 10,500 333:(13.9%) 313:(13.1%) 217:(17.6%) 212:(22.3%) 207:(38.9%) 192:(20.5%) 187:(24.1%) 182:(42.5%) 167:(25.6%) 162:(30.2%) 157:(44.1%) 137:(36.9%) 2616:Ontario 2611:Alberta 2554:Ontario 2534:Alberta 2524:History 2120:Mulcair 2090:Douglas 2065:Leaders 2036:Toronto 2019:Ontario 1978:Ontario 1948:Alberta 1925:Federal 1046:In the 1031:100.0% 1025:100.0% 1019:100.0% 1013:100.0% 431:Ballots 405:Ontario 338:(7.3%) 227:  131:(63.1%) 70:  2504:(1983) 2498:(1956) 2492:(1933) 2486:(1932) 2479:(1924) 2115:Layton 2031:Quebec 2024:Quebec 1868:  1858:  1854:  1842:  1816:  1793:  1770:  1760:  1756:  1737:  1028:1,658 1022:1,681 1016:1,692 1010:1,698 1007:Total 989:13.1% 983:13.9% 970:25.6% 964:20.5% 958:17.6% 945:36.9% 939:30.2% 933:24.1% 927:22.3% 904:44.1% 898:42.5% 892:38.9% 760:Skeena 505:Ottawa 499:was a 401:Ottawa 2564:Yukon 2125:Singh 2095:Lewis 2086:(CCF) 2084:Argue 2080:(CCF) 2074:(CCF) 1993:Yukon 1002:7.3% 913:63.1% 853:Name 129:1,046 2246:2021 2241:2019 2236:2015 2231:2011 2226:2008 2221:2006 2216:2004 2211:2000 2206:1997 2201:1993 2196:1988 2178:2017 2173:2012 2168:2003 2163:1995 2158:1989 2153:1975 2148:1971 2143:1961 1866:ISBN 1840:ISBN 1814:ISBN 1791:ISBN 1768:ISBN 1748:2020 1735:ISBN 1715:2020 999:124 986:223 980:236 967:431 961:347 955:299 942:612 936:508 930:407 924:378 908:1046 901:742 895:715 889:661 579:The 495:The 488:2017 484:2012 480:2003 476:1995 472:1989 468:1975 464:1971 460:1961 389:Date 55:1975 45:1961 1856:——— 1758:——— 511:. 336:124 331:236 311:223 215:299 210:378 205:661 190:347 185:407 180:715 165:431 160:508 155:742 135:612 89:JPH 2645:: 1661:^ 1646:^ 1607:^ 1592:^ 1549:^ 1497:^ 1479:^ 1449:^ 1423:^ 1401:^ 1383:^ 1361:^ 1302:^ 1263:^ 1233:^ 1195:^ 1160:^ 1138:^ 1100:^ 877:% 871:% 865:% 859:% 800:, 655:, 606:, 486:· 482:· 478:· 474:· 470:· 466:· 462:· 403:, 239:FH 82:JL 1903:e 1896:t 1889:v 1874:. 1848:. 1822:. 1799:. 1776:. 1750:. 1717:. 442:5 434:4

Index

1961
1975

David Lewis
James Laxer
John Paul Harney

Ed Broadbent
Frank Howard
Tommy Douglas
David Lewis
Ottawa
Ontario
Tommy Douglas
David Lewis
New Democratic Party leadership elections
1961
1971
1975
1989
1995
2003
2012
2017
leadership convention
Ottawa
New Democratic Party of Canada
Tommy Douglas
David Lewis
the Waffle

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