31:
496:
68:
89:
52:
75:
38:
562:
31,700,000,000 ($ 31 billion). The
Yugoslav Government agreed to pay 82% of the total estimated cost of damaged cultural property, whereas the remaining 18% was to be paid by the local municipalities. To help meet the total costs of the disaster, the Government had set up a statutory fund whereby
479:
According to a 1984 UNESCO report, a total of 1,487 objects were damaged, nearly half of which consisted of households and another 40% consisting of churches and other sacred properties. Only 30% of the 1,487 objects damaged were destroyed. Over 1,000 cultural monuments were suffered, as well as
529:
814:"Strong-Motion Records of Earthquakes in 1979, Ambraseys, N., Smit, P., Sigbjornsson, R., Suhadolc, P. and Margaris, B. (2002), Internet-Site for European Strong-Motion Data, European Commission, Research-Directorate General, Environment and Climate Programme"
395:'s Old Town, one of Montenegro's Cultural Heritage Sites, was heavily devastated. Of the 400 buildings in Budva's Old Town, 8 remained unscathed from the earthquake. The 15th century walls and ramparts protecting the Old Town were severely damaged as well.
399:, located between Miločer and Sveti Stefan in the Budva Municipality, suffered greatly too. The church inside the monastery had all but totally collapsed, whereas the frescoes in the monastery were completely damaged.
566:
Till
September 1, 1983, the Government had budgeted for a total expenditure of 54,722,849,000 dinars (54.7 billion), of which 3.7% or 21,023,620,800 dinars (21 billion) were allocated for cultural property.
476:, south of Dubrovnik which were built on unsecured mountain slopes, 80% of houses were uninhabitable. In 1980, total damage in the Dubrovnik area was estimated at US$ 436,5 million.
558:(US$ 10.5 billion), which is just under 15% of the total earthquake damage. The 1984 inflation rates put that amount at about 3,174,098,500,000 dinars (3.1 trillion), equaling to
422:'s Old Town, another Montenegrin Cultural Heritage Site, was almost totally devastated. The centuries-old Balšić Tower in Ulcinj nearly collapsed as a result of the earthquake.
30:
1087:
506:
Days after the earthquake, $ 30,000 was made available immediately for aid work and restoration of disaster areas. On 28 May 1979, the
Director-General of
769:
67:
1220:
338:
1003:"Ongoing shortening in the Dinarides fold-and-thrust belt: A new structural model of the 1979 (Mw 7.1) Montenegro earthquake epicentral region"
563:
each worker across SFR Yugoslavia contributed 1% of his monthly salary towards the restoration effort in a ten-year period, from 1979 to 1989.
510:
issued a worldwide appeal for donations to help the nation recover for the devastation as the federal budget was insufficient for aid funding.
1235:
924:
1250:
513:
Several months later, in
October 1979, the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO decided to list the Natural and Culturo-historical Region of
1059:
197:
1225:
813:
729:
116:
1255:
1080:
254:
414:, the youngest town on the Montenegrin coast, suffered heavily as well. Parts of the walls of Herceg Novi's Old Town fell into the
1001:
Schmitz, Benjamin; Biermanns, Peter; Hinsch, Ralph; Ðaković, Martin; Onuzi, Kujtim; Reicherter, Klaus; Ustaszewski, Kamil (2020).
130:
1240:
1149:
800:
749:
1230:
695:
690:
763:
578:, and Cetinje receiving the heaviest amounts of restoration. Several objects had been fully restored by 1984, including the
983:
882:
1073:
1215:
1134:
1113:
1102:
1099:
1096:
685:
1119:
105:
1210:
495:
1155:
350:
326:
293:
273:
169:
1245:
838:
1164:
322:
1140:
660:
473:
1173:
1014:
430:
396:
928:
817:
465:
135:
1032:
794:
743:
1055:
122:
1022:
964:
543:
460:
Even areas outside
Montenegro and Albania suffered damage. 1,071 buildings were damaged in
434:
570:
By 1984, Montenegro was still under restoration, the entire
Montenegrin coast, especially
425:
Over 450 villages were razed to the ground. In addition, many villages in the regions of
1018:
841:(in Serbo-Croatian). Seismological Observatory of Montenegro. 2010-04-16. Archived from
555:
1204:
381:
334:
232:
966:
Montenegro
Earthquake: The Conservation of the Historic Monuments and Art Treasures
548:
415:
407:
554:
First estimates of the cost of damaged cultural property was about 10,527,690,000
446:
773:
442:
411:
192:
866:
1027:
1002:
765:
Montenegro, Yugoslavia earthquake, April 15, 1979 : reconnaissance report
377:
240:
1036:
896:
212:
199:
559:
461:
454:
403:
370:
346:
345:
coastline. It was also felt in other parts of the country (in
Podgorica and
910:
532:, aided the Republic Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments in
483:
By the end of the catastrophe, 101 people had died in
Montenegro and 35 in
1065:
540:
in
Podlastva Monastery. Similar help was given for the restoration of the
406:
had suffered very little damage from the earthquake, in comparison to the
450:
362:
354:
723:
870:
655:
533:
484:
469:
438:
426:
384:, strongest of which occurred on 24 May 1979, with a magnitude of 6.3.
342:
236:
960:
665:
507:
419:
366:
358:
842:
972:, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
673:
575:
571:
514:
500:
494:
392:
1069:
725:
ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2009)
984:"NA DANAŠNJI DAN Jak potres 1979. Godine pogodio Dubrovnik"
883:"NA DANAŠNJI DAN Jak potres 1979. Godine pogodio Dubrovnik"
592:
Republic Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments
1051:
676:(Kotor) and twelve church buildings in Grbalj (Kotor).
437:
were in danger of near total collapse. Further inland,
1188:
indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
480:
thousands of works of art and valuable collections.
305:
288:
280:
267:
246:
228:
188:
180:
164:
156:
141:
128:
115:
104:
88:
51:
762:Leeds, A.; Matthiesen, R. B.; Anicic, D. (1980),
376:The main earthquake was followed by more than 90
341:, and was mostly felt along the Montenegrin and
925:"Internet-Site for European Strong-Motion Data"
1193:indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
1081:
457:) were damaged as well, but not as severely.
410:in Stari Bar which was completely destroyed.
333:). It was the most devastating earthquake in
8:
487:and over 100,000 people were left homeless.
19:
1088:
1074:
1066:
18:
1026:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
861:
859:
770:Earthquake Engineering Research Institute
717:
715:
713:
321:occurred on 15 April at 06:19 UTC with a
294:
170:
833:
831:
829:
827:
867:Crnogorski zemljotres ukroćen u Skoplju
839:"Zemljotres od 15. aprila 1979. godine"
709:
536:for the restoration of frescoes in the
16:Earthquake in SR Montenegro, Yugoslavia
7:
1052:International Seismological Centre
730:International Seismological Centre
580:Memorial Museum of Jovan Tomasevic
14:
74:
37:
1158:(6.7 & 7.1, Nov 14 & 27)
523:List of World Heritage in Danger
499:Damage done to Hotel Slavija in
284:0.6 m (2 ft 0 in)
87:
73:
66:
50:
36:
29:
1221:Natural disasters in Montenegro
801:United States Geological Survey
750:United States Geological Survey
661:Church of Our Lady of the Rocks
449:and Montenegro's capital city,
247:
696:List of earthquakes in Croatia
691:List of earthquakes in Albania
620:Gallery of Josip Bepo Benkovic
588:Church of St. Alexander Nevsky
1:
1007:Journal of Structural Geology
1236:Natural disasters in Albania
796:PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog
1251:April 1979 events in Europe
772:, p. 4, archived from
745:EXPO-CAT Earthquake Catalog
686:List of earthquakes in 1979
1272:
793:USGS (September 4, 2009),
319:1979 Montenegro earthquake
20:1979 Montenegro earthquake
1226:Earthquakes in Yugoslavia
1183:
1109:
1028:10.1016/j.jsg.2020.104192
742:USGS (December 1, 2008),
464:, Croatia, including the
24:
1256:1979 disasters in Europe
184:10 km (6.2 mi)
145:April 15, 1979
652:Church of St. Eustacius
604:Palace of King Nicholas
1241:Earthquakes in Croatia
650:in Prijeradi (Kotor),
634:in Krimovice (Kotor),
503:
402:The walls surrounding
96:Show map of Montenegro
59:Show map of Yugoslavia
1231:Earthquakes in Europe
799:, Version 2008_06.1,
630:in Orahovac (Kotor),
498:
380:stronger than 4.0 on
325:of 6.9 and a maximum
648:Church of St. George
646:in Sutvara (Kotor),
644:Church of St. George
640:Church of St. George
628:Church of St. George
584:Monastery of St. Vid
538:Church of the Virgin
301:May 24 at 17:23 UTC
1100:Earthquakes in 1979
1019:2020JSG...14104192S
748:, Version 2007–12,
642:in Sisici (Kotor),
519:World Heritage List
397:Praskvica Monastery
209: /
111:1979-04-15 06:19:44
21:
1216:1979 in Montenegro
1060:authoritative data
636:Church of St. John
632:Church of Our Lady
504:
466:Walls of Dubrovnik
327:Mercalli intensity
1198:
1197:
547:on the island of
468:. In villages in
315:
314:
268:Peak acceleration
1263:
1211:1979 earthquakes
1114:1979 Saint Elias
1090:
1083:
1076:
1067:
1040:
1030:
988:
987:
986:. 15 April 2018.
980:
974:
973:
971:
957:
940:
939:
937:
936:
927:. Archived from
921:
915:
914:
907:
901:
900:
893:
887:
886:
885:. 15 April 2018.
879:
873:
863:
854:
853:
851:
850:
835:
822:
821:
816:. Archived from
810:
804:
803:
790:
784:
783:
782:
781:
759:
753:
752:
739:
733:
732:
719:
638:in Dub (Kotor),
622:in Herceg Novi,
614:in Cetinje; the
608:National Gallery
596:Austrian embassy
544:Alexander Nevsky
528:UNESCO, through
323:moment magnitude
299:
263:
261:
249:
224:
223:
221:
220:
219:
214:
210:
207:
206:
205:
202:
175:
152:
150:
97:
91:
90:
77:
76:
70:
60:
54:
53:
40:
39:
33:
22:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1179:
1150:Imperial Valley
1105:
1094:
1062:for this event.
1047:
1000:
997:
995:Further reading
992:
991:
982:
981:
977:
969:
959:
958:
943:
934:
932:
923:
922:
918:
909:
908:
904:
895:
894:
890:
881:
880:
876:
865:(Montenegrin):
864:
857:
848:
846:
837:
836:
825:
812:
811:
807:
792:
791:
787:
779:
777:
761:
760:
756:
741:
740:
736:
728:, Version 2.0,
721:
720:
711:
706:
682:
624:Cultural Center
556:Yugoslav dinars
493:
474:Župa Dubrovačka
390:
337:, then part of
310:
298:
255:
253:
217:
215:
213:42.03°N 19.17°E
211:
208:
203:
200:
198:
196:
195:
174:
157:Local time
148:
146:
142:Local date
100:
99:
98:
95:
94:
93:
92:
84:
83:
82:
78:
62:
61:
58:
57:
56:
55:
47:
46:
45:
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1269:
1267:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1246:1970s tsunamis
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1203:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1147:
1138:
1132:
1123:
1117:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1046:
1045:External links
1043:
1042:
1041:
996:
993:
990:
989:
975:
941:
916:
902:
888:
874:
855:
823:
820:on 2007-08-12.
805:
785:
754:
734:
708:
707:
705:
702:
701:
700:
699:
698:
693:
681:
678:
612:Bishop's House
492:
491:Aid and relief
489:
389:
386:
313:
312:
311:1,000+ injured
307:
303:
302:
296:
290:
286:
285:
282:
278:
277:
269:
265:
264:
251:
244:
243:
230:
229:Areas affected
226:
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1222:
1219:
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1214:
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1209:
1208:
1206:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1176:(6.3, Dec 17)
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:(8.2, Dec 12)
1166:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1152:(6.4, Oct 16)
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:(7.9, Sep 13)
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:(6.9, Apr 15)
1127:
1124:
1122:(7.6, Mar 14)
1121:
1118:
1116:(7.5, Feb 28)
1115:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
999:
998:
994:
985:
979:
976:
968:
967:
962:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
946:
942:
931:on 2004-09-09
930:
926:
920:
917:
912:
906:
903:
898:
892:
889:
884:
878:
875:
872:
868:
862:
860:
856:
845:on 2010-07-04
844:
840:
834:
832:
830:
828:
824:
819:
815:
809:
806:
802:
798:
797:
789:
786:
776:on 2015-04-07
775:
771:
767:
766:
758:
755:
751:
747:
746:
738:
735:
731:
727:
726:
718:
716:
714:
710:
703:
697:
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692:
689:
688:
687:
684:
683:
679:
677:
675:
671:
670:Roman mosaics
667:
663:
662:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
568:
564:
561:
557:
552:
550:
546:
545:
539:
535:
531:
526:
524:
520:
516:
511:
509:
502:
497:
490:
488:
486:
481:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
400:
398:
394:
387:
385:
383:
382:Richter scale
379:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
335:SR Montenegro
332:
328:
324:
320:
308:
304:
300:
291:
287:
283:
279:
276:
275:
270:
266:
262:
259:
252:
245:
242:
238:
234:
231:
227:
222:
194:
191:
187:
183:
179:
176:
167:
163:
159:
155:
144:
140:
137:
134:
132:
127:
124:
121:
118:
114:
110:
107:
103:
69:
32:
23:
1190:
1185:
1168:
1159:
1144:
1141:Yapen Island
1137:(5.7, Aug 6)
1129:
1125:
1056:bibliography
1010:
1006:
978:
965:
933:. Retrieved
929:the original
919:
905:
891:
877:
847:. Retrieved
843:the original
818:the original
808:
795:
788:
778:, retrieved
774:the original
764:
757:
744:
737:
724:
722:ISC (2015),
669:
659:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
600:State Museum
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
569:
565:
553:
549:Sveti Stefan
541:
537:
527:
522:
518:
512:
505:
482:
478:
459:
424:
416:Adriatic Sea
401:
391:
375:
330:
318:
316:
272:
257:
218:42.03; 19.17
1135:Coyote Lake
521:and in the
443:Danilovgrad
412:Herceg Novi
378:aftershocks
353:of VII, in
289:Aftershocks
216: /
119: event
1205:Categories
1126:Montenegro
1013:: 104192.
935:2009-10-08
849:2010-10-11
780:2015-04-03
704:References
626:in Kotor,
590:in Budva;
542:Church of
435:Paštrovići
429:, Grbalj,
339:Yugoslavia
306:Casualties
233:Montenegro
149:1979-04-15
108: time
1037:0191-8141
911:"Pitanja"
897:"Pitanja"
668:(Kotor),
658:(Kotor),
462:Dubrovnik
455:Podgorica
453:(present
404:Stari Bar
373:III-IV).
371:Ljubljana
361:V-VI, in
351:intensity
347:Dubrovnik
309:136 dead
250:intensity
189:Epicenter
165:Magnitude
81:Podgorica
44:Podgorica
1120:Petatlán
963:(1984),
680:See also
616:Archives
610:and the
602:(former
594:(former
582:in Bar;
451:Titograd
408:Aqueduct
363:Belgrade
355:Sarajevo
343:Albanian
193:Pečurice
160:07:19:44
1156:Ghaenat
1058:and/or
1015:Bibcode
871:Vijesti
656:Dobrota
534:Cetinje
517:in the
485:Albania
470:Konavle
439:Cetinje
431:Krajina
427:Crmnica
365:IV, in
331:Extreme
281:Tsunami
258:Extreme
256:MMI X (
241:Croatia
237:Albania
204:19°10′E
201:42°02′N
147: (
1165:Tumaco
1054:has a
1035:
961:UNESCO
666:Perast
530:ICCROM
508:UNESCO
447:Nikšić
420:Ulcinj
388:Damage
367:Zagreb
359:Skopje
329:of X (
136:ComCat
123:666588
970:(PDF)
674:Risan
576:Kotor
572:Budva
515:Kotor
501:Budva
393:Budva
349:with
271:0.46
181:Depth
129:USGS-
1174:Bali
1050:The
1033:ISSN
618:and
586:and
574:and
560:US$
472:and
433:and
369:and
357:and
317:The
292:6.3
248:Max.
168:6.9
131:ANSS
1023:doi
1011:141
672:in
664:in
654:in
606:),
598:),
117:ISC
106:UTC
1207::
1169:†‡
1031:.
1021:.
1009:.
1005:.
944:^
869:,
858:^
826:^
768:,
712:^
551:.
525:.
445:,
441:,
418:.
239:,
235:,
1191:‡
1186:†
1160:†
1145:†
1130:†
1103:→
1097:←
1089:e
1082:t
1075:v
1039:.
1025::
1017::
938:.
913:.
899:.
852:.
297:s
295:M
274:g
260:)
173:w
171:M
151:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
