106:
30:
630:, while none of the other candidates achieved 1% of the votes cast. Upon her victory, Williams declared "To the day, eight months all to the day. Given that, I think tonight's result is a miracle by anybody's standard's. Don't you?" She went on to declare that "there is no a single safe seat left in the country", in reference to the constituency having previously been a safe Conservative seat.
113:
120:
523:, where he narrowly failed to capture the seat. At Crosby, they agreed to support Williams in an attempt to become the SDP's first successful Parliamentary candidate. Williams, it transpired later, had no particular urge to return to what she described as "an old men's club", and felt her talents would be better used outside Parliament. However, her father,
626:, Williams won the election, taking almost half the votes cast and became the first MP to be elected under the SDP label. The Conservatives and Labour both fell back by more than 15% of the vote and dropped to second and third positions respectively. For Labour, Backhouse took less than 10% of the vote and lost his
542:
had said that the
Alliance seemed to have taken support away from both of the main parties in almost equal measure, and as a result he believed "that we are now unstoppable." The victorious Pitt claimed that the Alliance had "caught the imagination of the voters" and that as consequence there were
1830:
432:
ancestry whose families had migrated the six miles north from the city-centre over the previous century to become the middle-class intelligentsia, doctors, lawyers and the like; and a significant indigenous group who traced their roots to the village of
1405:
549:, Geoffrey Parkhouse, said the Croydon result "shattered" both Labour and the Conservative leadership who would fear Pitt's prediction. He also stated that the result made Williams the favourite to win in Crosby.
1495:
1518:
419:
electorates in
England and Wales, with about one third of the voters adherents of the faith. There were no fewer than eighteen Catholic churches in the constituency, numerous Catholic schools including
598:
stood as "Democratic
Monarchist, Public Safety, White Resident", while Tom Keen stood in support of a Conservative-Liberal Alliance. John Kennedy stood to highlight the case of seven students at
1825:
1779:
1488:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1514:
1820:
511:. Of the four, Williams and Jenkins were out of Parliament, with the party keen for them to stand in by-elections under their new party label. Following the agreement of an
1601:
1589:
412:
Crosby constituency had one of the top-ten highest levels of owner-occupation in the country, and had one of the largest electorates in
England with over 83,000 voters.
1525:
1507:
1481:
1810:
527:, had been born in nearby Liverpool, and the constituency's large Roman Catholic electorate seemed tailor-made for a practising Catholic like Shirley Williams.
508:
480:
wing group with considerable influence in the city. For the by-election, the party instead chose John
Backhouse, the Chair of the Crosby Labour Party, a local
1549:
405:, at the southern end of the constituency could be considered as working-class. The seat consisted of three main conurbations; Formby, to the north,
1675:
1473:
1652:
495:(SDP) was formed by a split of some prominent figures on the right of the Labour Party in March 1981. Its main figures were the "Gang of Four" –
1664:
261:
329:
In July 1981 the most intense and prolonged instance of public unrest in the United
Kingdom in the late twentieth century had occurred in the
366:
257:
967:
638:
446:
370:
362:
54:
44:
1647:
1607:
1543:
1269:
790:
657:
535:
524:
265:
67:
1789:
588:
288:
The Crosby by-election took place against an almost unprecedented backdrop of division and disunity within both the
Conservative and
1635:
1356:
634:
326:, her economic policy. Inflation was over 10%, with unemployment climbing towards three million, a figure not seen since the 1930s.
1295:
556:, receiving 2.4% of the vote, in one of the party's better results. For the by-election, the party selected Richard Small, a local
1440:
1191:
538:
by-election, having finished in a distant third place in the same constituency in 1979. In the wake of that result
Liberal leader
1572:
641:, and Williams lost Crosby to a new Conservative candidate aided by the fact that boundary changes had been implemented bringing
485:
614:
and founder of the "Close
Encounters" lonely heart group, stood to promote his idea of a national phone line for lonely people.
1630:
1566:
1369:
1784:
1641:
579:
to
Tarquin Fin-tim-lin-bin-whin-bim-lim Bus Stop-F'tang-F'tang-Olé-Biscuitbarrel, the outlandish name of a character from
1468:
1322:
1835:
937:
695:
492:
421:
231:
148:
1239:
1840:
1698:
1692:
1595:
661:
520:
1422:
1408:
468:
The Labour Party had taken second place in 1979, with just over a quarter of the vote. Their candidate had been
1396:
1815:
1669:
882:
859:
813:
623:
611:
449:, Page had gained more than half the votes cast. For the by-election, the Conservatives stood John Butcher, a
322:, the previous more moderate Conservative leader, and the country was being subjected to the full rigours of
1124:
997:
944:
727:
358:
277:
216:
153:
1658:
584:
576:
531:
473:
599:
338:
519:, who had come third in Crosby in 1979, with 15% of the vote, the two parties supported Jenkins in the
653:
572:
545:
450:
402:
105:
645:
into the constituency in place of Waterloo and Seaforth (which transferred to Bootle Constituency).
1073:
1052:
627:
516:
382:
1352:
1029:
748:
649:
564:
342:
315:
300:
292:
parties, combined with social unrest and economic recession in the United Kingdom as a whole.
289:
158:
425:
1132:
949:
702:
553:
496:
374:
227:
131:
119:
112:
1444:
1195:
607:
568:
512:
429:
416:
543:"no longer any safe seats for Tory or Labour in the country." The political editor of
1804:
1106:
1034:
919:
769:
469:
434:
378:
334:
330:
580:
319:
308:
1243:
1162:
1831:
By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Merseyside constituencies
1373:
1004:
539:
500:
273:
249:
212:
1326:
1217:
839:
795:
Tarquin Fin-tim-lin-bin-whin-bim-lim Bus Stop-F'tang-F'tang-Olé-Biscuitbarrel
595:
504:
462:
454:
386:
323:
269:
398:
354:
304:
987:
685:
557:
477:
458:
428:. The Catholicism of the area could be ascribed to two factors: those of
296:
642:
481:
406:
295:
The opposition Labour Party was riven by factionalism and divided over
253:
603:
394:
390:
357:
for the Conservatives. Page had sat as the constituency MP since the
333:
area of Liverpool, following on the heels of similar riots in the
373:. The constituency contained some of the wealthiest areas in the
575:
Raving Loony Society. For the election, he changed his name by
1477:
648:
When the results were declared, Lewis was referred to by the
318:
had recently sacked or neutralised the remaining allies of
1351: Volume 1, London: Mandarin Paperbacks, 1990 (
587:" sketch. In the sketch, the character by that name wins
437:, one of the oldest extant Catholic villages in England.
361:, and the party had held the seat since its creation in
1194:. By-elections.co.uk. 26 November 1981. Archived from
652:
as "Mr Tarquin Biscuit-Barrel". He later worked with
836:
Democratic Monarchist, Public Safety, White Resident
476:, and a prominent member of the Militant tendency, a
311:, who was routinely ridiculed by the national press.
307:
policies, with perceived weak leadership provided by
1684:
1622:
1581:
1558:
1535:
1296:"Catalogue of the Sandelson papers at LSE Archives"
1218:"The Legacy of the Liverpool 47 Labour Councillors"
74:
65:
1395:
1263:
1261:
571:, contested the election as the President of the
202:
563:John Desmond Lewis, a 22-year-old student from
552:The fourth candidate in 1979 had been from the
1826:Politics of the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton
1489:
8:
1349:Monty Python's Flying Circus: Just the Words
633:Jenkins won another seat for the SDP at the
365:, also easily holding its predecessor seat,
21:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1157:
1155:
1153:
424:, and several Catholic charities including
272:. It followed the death of Crosby's MP Sir
1821:November 1981 events in the United Kingdom
1496:
1482:
1474:
965:
666:
610:facilities, while Donald Potter, a former
20:
1192:"Crosby (26 November 1981): Conservative"
637:, but the party suffered setbacks at the
409:, to the east, and Crosby, to the south.
1469:Campaign literature from the by-election
1240:"Social Democratic Party (SDP) Archives"
1323:"Byelections in the 1979–83 Parliament"
1317:
1315:
1313:
1268:Parkhouse, Geoffrey (23 October 1981).
1163:"UK General Election Results: May 1979"
1149:
415:Notably, Crosby had one of the largest
1325:. Election.demon.co.uk. Archived from
397:than they did with the nearby City of
1519:48th Parliament of the United Kingdom
1105:
974:
918:
672:
393:had more in common with the likes of
7:
1811:1981 elections in the United Kingdom
635:Glasgow Hillhead by-election in 1982
16:By-election held on 26 November 1981
658:Official Monster Raving Loony Party
256:on 26 November 1981 to elect a new
85:
14:
1069:
1048:
1025:
992:
878:
855:
832:
809:
786:
765:
744:
723:
690:
486:Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
118:
111:
104:
28:
1443:. Rosalyn.me.uk. Archived from
1404:. 27 November 1981. p. 6.
602:who had been suspended after a
530:The previous month the Liberal
1441:"OMRLP (History of the Party)"
1429:. 27 November 1981. p. 1.
1242:. Archives Hub. Archived from
536:Croydon North West by-election
353:Crosby was regarded as a very
1:
1270:"Alliance triumph at Croydon"
299:– in particular, that of the
622:With the result declared at
662:1983 Bermondsey by-election
521:1981 Warrington by-election
1857:
1602:Fermanagh and South Tyrone
1590:Fermanagh and South Tyrone
1423:"Here's to the next time!"
1707:
1409:British Newspaper Archive
1123:
1091:
986:
983:
980:
977:
936:
902:
684:
681:
678:
675:
200:
82:
38:
26:
1711:Lists of UK by-elections
1550:South West Hertfordshire
668:Crosby by-election 1981
624:Chesterfield High School
493:Social Democratic Party
359:1953 Crosby by-election
246:1981 Crosby by-election
22:Crosby by-election 1981
1653:Coatbridge and Airdrie
585:Election Night Special
474:Liverpool City Council
472:, a leading figure on
1665:Birmingham Northfield
968:General election 1979
639:1983 general election
600:Middlesex Polytechnic
591:for the Silly Party.
457:reservist, living in
447:1979 general election
654:Screaming Lord Sutch
573:Cambridge University
451:chartered accountant
401:. Only Waterloo and
258:Member of Parliament
1836:1980s in Merseyside
1676:Glasgow Queens Park
1397:"Don't take defeat"
971:
669:
377:. The districts of
23:
1841:Crosby, Merseyside
1648:Mitcham and Morden
1608:Croydon North West
1544:Manchester Central
1447:on 19 January 2008
1274:The Glasgow Herald
966:
667:
612:Young Conservative
606:protest demanding
594:Veteran candidate
546:The Glasgow Herald
422:St. Mary's College
278:Conservative Party
207:MP before election
165:Popular vote
70:parliamentary seat
1798:
1797:
1220:. Liverpool47.org
1165:. Psr.keele.ac.uk
1142:
1141:
959:
958:
650:Returning Officer
337:area of Bristol,
316:Margaret Thatcher
301:Militant tendency
242:
241:
238:
237:
196:
195:
61:
60:
1848:
1790:Hereditary peers
1785:Northern Ireland
1636:Glasgow Hillhead
1530:
1521:
1512:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1475:
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1456:
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1430:
1427:Evening Standard
1419:
1413:
1412:
1399:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1376:on 29 March 2012
1372:. Archived from
1366:
1360:
1347:Chapman et al.,
1345:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1319:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1292:
1286:
1285:
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1256:
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1253:
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1236:
1230:
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1227:
1225:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1198:on 14 March 2012
1188:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1159:
989:
972:
703:Shirley Williams
687:
670:
497:Shirley Williams
375:North of England
264:constituency of
262:House of Commons
228:Shirley Williams
203:
132:Shirley Williams
122:
115:
108:
84:
83:
50:26 November 1981
40:
39:
33:
32:
31:
24:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1816:1981 in England
1801:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1703:
1680:
1618:
1577:
1573:Glasgow Central
1554:
1531:
1526:49th Parliament
1522:
1513:
1508:47th Parliament
1504:
1502:
1465:
1460:
1450:
1448:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1379:
1377:
1368:
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1363:
1346:
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1332:
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1321:
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1301:
1299:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1279:
1277:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1249:
1247:
1246:on 20 July 2012
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1237:
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1223:
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1216:
1215:
1211:
1201:
1199:
1190:
1189:
1178:
1168:
1166:
1161:
1160:
1151:
1147:
964:
962:Previous result
753:John Backhouse
620:
461:and working in
443:
430:Liverpool-Irish
351:
314:Prime Minister
303:. It expounded
286:
230:
225:
215:
209:
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140:John Backhouse
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1463:External links
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1402:Liverpool Echo
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1329:on 9 June 2000
1309:
1298:. LSE Archives
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569:Greater London
513:electoral pact
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417:Roman Catholic
350:
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1631:Belfast South
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1567:Southend East
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1357:0-7493-0226-7
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582:
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555:
554:Ecology Party
550:
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547:
541:
537:
533:
528:
526:
525:George Catlin
522:
518:
517:Liberal Party
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
470:Tony Mulhearn
466:
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435:Little Crosby
431:
427:
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379:Blundellsands
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260:(MP) for the
259:
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223:Subsequent MP
221:
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144:
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139:
137:John Butcher
136:
134:
133:
129:
126:
125:
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117:
114:
110:
107:
103:
100:
99:
95:
93:Second party
92:
89:
86:
81:
77:
73:
69:
64:
57: →
56:
53:
51:
48:
46:
43:←
42:
41:
37:
25:
19:
1780:2010–present
1642:Beaconsfield
1613:
1524:
1515:By-elections
1506:
1449:. Retrieved
1445:the original
1435:
1426:
1417:
1407:– via
1401:
1390:
1378:. Retrieved
1374:the original
1364:
1348:
1343:
1331:. Retrieved
1327:the original
1300:. Retrieved
1290:
1278:. Retrieved
1273:
1248:. Retrieved
1244:the original
1234:
1222:. Retrieved
1212:
1200:. Retrieved
1196:the original
1167:. Retrieved
1127:
1125:Conservative
1020:
1015:
1010:
1003:
998:Conservative
996:
945:Conservative
940:
912:
896:
873:
850:
827:
804:
791:Raving Loony
728:Conservative
718:
713:
708:
701:
694:
656:to form the
647:
632:
621:
593:
581:Monty Python
562:
551:
544:
534:had won the
529:
509:Bill Rodgers
490:
467:
444:
414:
411:
352:
349:Constituency
328:
320:Edward Heath
313:
309:Michael Foot
294:
287:
245:
243:
226:
222:
217:Conservative
210:
206:
184:
168:
154:Conservative
130:
96:Third party
90:First party
49:
18:
1657:September:
1542:September:
1451:12 November
1333:12 November
1302:12 November
1276:. p. 1
1250:12 November
1224:12 November
1202:12 November
1169:12 November
1005:Graham Page
883:Independent
860:Independent
814:Independent
540:David Steel
501:Roy Jenkins
274:Graham Page
250:by-election
213:Graham Page
181:Percentage
1805:Categories
1699:Darlington
1693:Bermondsey
1691:February:
1674:December:
1612:November:
1596:Warrington
1548:December:
1380:11 January
1280:14 January
1145:References
978:Candidate
840:Bill Boaks
676:Candidate
596:Bill Boaks
505:David Owen
488:activist.
463:Warrington
455:Royal Navy
441:Candidates
387:Freshfield
339:Handsworth
324:monetarism
284:Background
270:Merseyside
127:Candidate
1775:1979–2010
1770:1950–1979
1765:1931–1950
1760:1918–1931
1755:1900–1918
1750:1885–1900
1745:1868–1885
1740:1857–1868
1735:1847–1857
1730:1832–1847
1725:1818–1832
1720:1806–1818
1715:1801–1806
1663:October:
1606:October:
1092:Majority
970:: Crosby
903:Majority
818:Tom Keen
577:deed poll
532:Bill Pitt
515:with the
399:Liverpool
355:safe seat
335:St Paul's
305:left-wing
276:, of the
1600:August:
1370:"Potter"
660:for the
558:lecturer
478:far left
459:Cheshire
403:Seaforth
367:Waterloo
297:entryism
252:held in
1697:March:
1670:Peckham
1629:March:
1588:April:
1565:March:
1523:»
1517:to the
1505:«
1111:61,055
1107:Turnout
1101:+10.49
1095:19,272
1074:Ecology
1053:Liberal
1039:15,496
1011:34,768
924:57,297
920:Turnout
770:Ecology
762:−15.87
741:−17.11
735:22,829
719:+33.83
709:28,118
643:Aintree
628:deposit
608:nursery
482:teacher
445:At the
426:Jospice
407:Maghull
343:Brixton
331:Toxteth
254:England
189:39.84%
173:22,829
101:
87:
75:Turnout
1646:June:
1614:Crosby
1594:July:
1571:June:
1529:»
1511:«
1355:
1117:+1.67
1114:75.18
1098:31.56
1087:+2.44
1081:1,489
1066:−2.81
1063:15.24
1060:9,302
1045:−5.06
1042:25.38
1030:Labour
1021:+5.44
1016:56.95
981:Votes
975:Party
906:5,289
783:−1.61
756:5,450
749:Labour
738:39.84
714:49.07
679:Votes
673:Party
618:Result
604:sit-in
484:and a
453:and a
395:Surrey
391:Formby
383:Crosby
369:since
290:Labour
266:Crosby
248:was a
192:9.51%
185:49.07%
176:5,450
169:28,118
159:Labour
145:Party
68:Crosby
1659:Gower
1640:May:
1133:Swing
1084:2.44
950:Swing
943:from
930:−5.9
927:69.3
909:9.23
893:0.05
870:0.05
847:0.06
824:0.17
801:0.39
780:0.83
759:9.51
589:Luton
565:Hayes
1685:1983
1623:1982
1582:1981
1559:1980
1536:1979
1453:2010
1382:2011
1353:ISBN
1335:2010
1304:2010
1282:2022
1252:2010
1226:2010
1204:2010
1171:2010
1128:hold
941:gain
798:223
777:480
583:'s "
507:and
491:The
385:and
371:1918
363:1950
341:and
244:The
211:Sir
55:1983
45:1979
938:SDP
913:N/A
897:New
890:31
874:New
867:31
851:New
844:36
828:New
821:99
805:New
696:SDP
567:in
389:in
381:in
268:on
232:SDP
149:SDP
1807::
1425:.
1400:.
1359:).
1312:^
1272:.
1260:^
1179:^
1152:^
988:±%
984:%
686:±%
682:%
664:.
560:.
503:,
499:,
465:.
345:.
280:.
1497:e
1490:t
1483:v
1455:.
1411:.
1384:.
1337:.
1306:.
1284:.
1254:.
1228:.
1206:.
1173:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
