30:
402:), which was the maximum observed intensity for the event. At these locations, roads and house foundations were cracked, interior and exterior walls experienced partial collapse, chimneys fell, windows were broken, and underground water pipes burst. The shock was felt over an area of 73,500 km, and the communities of Encino and Cedar Glen in California, and Bouse in Arizona were at the outermost extremity of the felt area in the United States.
414:
37:
589:; Fuis, Gary S.; Kell, Annie; Driscoll, Neal W.; Kent, Graham M.; Harding, Alistair J.; Rymer, Michael J.; González-Fernández, Antonio; Lázaro-Mancilla, Octavio (2016), "Continental rupture and the creation of new crust in the Salton Trough rift, Southern California and northern Mexico: Results from the Salton Seismic Imaging Project",
255:), this was one of fifteen intensity VII or greater shocks in the Imperial Valley that were observed in the 20th century up until April 1981. The region experiences large stand-alone events and earthquake swarms due to its position in an area of complex conditions where faulting transitions from strike-slip movement to the north and
281:
is very active seismically and has been subject to numerous destructive earthquakes since communities began to form in this desert area in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Records of events prior to this period do not exist due to a lack of settlers in the area. Fifteen shocks of intensity VII
359:
The region experiences large stand-alone events and earthquake swarms due to its position in an area of complex faulting where it transitions from the strike-slip movement of the San
Andreas Fault system to that of the
1643:
1334:
913:
2136:
2131:
1327:
2085:
778:
1663:
29:
1320:
727:
Lohman, R. B., and McGuire, J. J. (2007), Earthquake swarms driven by aseismic creep in the Salton Trough, California, J. Geophys. Res., 112, B04405,
139:
282:
or higher were recorded prior to April 1981 and beginning with the intensity VIII shock of April 18, 1906, which was a triggered event following the
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2019:
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968:
739:
Maley, R.P.; Etheredge, E.C. (1981), "Strong-motion data from the
Westmorland, California, earthquake of April 26, 1981",
283:
344:
plate boundary. The southern portion has matured into seafloor spreading, and at the northern end of the province is the
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686:"Sedimentation and crustal recycling along an active oblique-rift margin: Salton Trough and northern Gulf of California"
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656:"Distribution of intensity for the Westmorland, California, earthquake of April 26, 1981"
704:
602:
556:
387:
383:
353:
321:
2105:
572:
345:
337:
247:. No injuries or deaths occurred, but damage was estimated at $ 1–3 million. With a
1312:
655:
586:
352:. The rift zone is covered by thick layers of sediment from the Colorado River
409:
720:
540:
154:
141:
891:
333:
756:
541:"Aftershocks and Triggered Events of the Great 1906 California Earthquake"
732:
611:
456:
564:
749:
712:
668:
635:
328:
and stretching to the southeast. It contains numerous right-lateral
398:
Calipatria and
Westmorland both experienced intensity VII shaking (
239:) on April 26. The moderate strike-slip shock took place in the
1316:
895:
760:
662:, Open-File Report 82-485, United States Geological Survey,
458:
ISC-GEM Global
Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2009)
526:
390:
angle that is within 45 degrees of being pure strike-slip.
654:
Barnhard, L.M.; Thenhaus, P.C.; Algermissen, S.T. (1982),
364:
Gulf of
California Rift Zone, which is an area of active
625:
Stover, C.W. (1984), "United States earthquakes, 1981",
382:
The Global
Centroid Moment Tensor Database shows a NNW
16:
1981 earthquake in southern
California, United States
879:
indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
509:
Seismicity of the United States, 1568–1989 (Revised)
2058:
1872:
1496:
1350:
1219:
1038:
929:
204:
196:
180:
170:
133:
125:
108:
100:
85:
72:
59:
48:
36:
512:. U.S. Geological Survey professional paper 1527.
545:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
884:indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
1328:
907:
772:
699:(5). Geological Society of America: 443–446.
551:(5): 2, 160, 2, 164, 2, 166, 2, 169, 2, 170,
8:
591:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
19:
473:
471:
1335:
1321:
1313:
914:
900:
892:
779:
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757:
243:of Southern California, just north of the
18:
748:
667:
634:
610:
527:Barnhard, Thenhaus & Algermissen 1982
450:
448:
114:
514:United States Government Printing Office
501:
499:
433:List of earthquakes in the United States
444:
348:, which is considered to be an onshore
2137:Geology of Imperial County, California
2132:History of Imperial County, California
539:Meltzner, A. J.; Wald, D. J. (2003),
300:Cerro Prieto Geothermal Power Station
7:
506:Stover, C.W.; Coffman, J.L. (1993).
386:on a nearly vertical fault, with a
463:International Seismological Centre
14:
428:List of earthquakes in California
1344:Earthquakes in the United States
412:
35:
28:
486:United States Geological Survey
205:
269:Remotely triggered earthquakes
1:
284:1906 San Francisco earthquake
481:PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog
314:Gulf of California Rift Zone
684:Dorsey, Rebecca J. (2010).
585:Han, Liang; Hole, John A.;
245:Mexico–United States border
229:1981 Westmorland earthquake
20:1981 Westmorland earthquake
2153:
478:USGS (September 4, 2009),
375:
293:
266:
2112:Earthquakes in California
2005:2018 Southern Appalachian
923:Earthquakes in California
874:
800:
24:
1393:1812 San Juan Capistrano
939:1812 San Juan Capistrano
129:10 km (6.2 mi)
89:April 26, 1981
2025:2020 Monte Cristo Range
1774:1986 North Palm Springs
1629:1948 Desert Hot Springs
1156:1987 Superstition Hills
1144:1986 North Palm Springs
1108:1948 Desert Hot Springs
2076:2010–11 Guy-Greenbrier
1649:1957 Andreanof Islands
1473:1892 Vacaville–Winters
1418:1867 Manhattan, Kansas
1054:1892 Vacaville–Winters
320:from the mouth of the
2086:2009–present Oklahoma
1975:2014 Southeast Alaska
1970:2014 Aleutian Islands
1784:1987 Whittier Narrows
1694:1968 Borrego Mountain
1644:1954 Churchill County
1619:1946 Aleutian Islands
1614:1944 Cornwall–Massena
1514:1906 Aleutian Islands
1358:1585 Aleutian Islands
1265:1987 Whittier Narrows
1114:1968 Borrego Mountain
484:, Version 2008_06.1,
378:Strike-slip tectonics
233:Pacific Daylight Time
1935:2010 Baja California
1789:1987 Imperial Valley
1779:1986 Chalfant Valley
1739:1979 Imperial Valley
1534:1915 Pleasant Valley
1529:1915 Imperial Valley
1150:1986 Chalfant Valley
1126:1979 Imperial Valley
1072:1915 Imperial Valley
1023:2010 Baja California
981:1915 Baja California
733:10.1029/2006JB004596
612:10.1002/2016JB013139
529:, pp. 1, 1A, 1B
296:Brawley Seismic Zone
2015:2020 Salt Lake City
1960:2013 Port Alexander
1900:2006 Gulf of Mexico
1814:1992 Cape Mendocino
1579:1932 Cedar Mountain
1448:1872 North Cascades
1005:1992 Cape Mendocino
791:Earthquakes in 1981
705:2010Geo....38..443D
603:2016JGRB..121.7469H
557:2003BuSSA..93.2160M
516:. pp. 96, 168.
308:Imperial Fault Zone
279:Southern California
189:Southern California
151: /
55:1981-04-26 12:09:31
21:
2127:1981 in California
2020:2020 Central Idaho
1839:1993 Klamath Falls
1654:1957 San Francisco
1609:1940 New Hampshire
1589:1934 Hansel Valley
1559:1925 Santa Barbara
1549:1921 Sevier Valley
1509:1906 San Francisco
1468:1892 Laguna Salada
1398:1812 Santa Barbara
1388:1811–12 New Madrid
1363:1638 New Hampshire
1229:1957 San Francisco
1084:1925 Santa Barbara
975:1906 San Francisco
969:1892 Laguna Salada
629:, pp. 21–26,
597:(10): 7471, 7472,
565:10.1785/0120020033
366:seafloor spreading
318:Gulf of California
249:Mercalli intensity
231:occurred at 05:09
2099:
2098:
1834:1993 Scotts Mills
1804:1991 Sierra Madre
1719:1975 Near Islands
1709:1971 San Fernando
1674:1962 Cache Valley
1519:1909 Wabash River
1453:1882 Fort Collins
1443:1872 Owens Valley
1310:
1309:
1277:1991 Sierra Madre
1120:1971 San Fernando
963:1872 Owens Valley
889:
888:
750:10.3133/ofr811149
420:California portal
336:that make up the
304:East Pacific Rise
225:
224:
2144:
2117:1981 earthquakes
1915:2008 Chino Hills
1859:1999 Hector Mine
1809:1992 Joshua Tree
1794:1989 Loma Prieta
1769:1984 Morgan Hill
1749:1981 Westmorland
1734:1979 Coyote Lake
1689:1965 Puget Sound
1684:1965 Rat Islands
1669:1959 Hebgen Lake
1639:1952 Kern County
1544:1918 San Jacinto
1488:1899 San Jacinto
1483:1898 Mare Island
1403:1838 San Andreas
1337:
1330:
1323:
1314:
1295:2008 Chino Hills
1259:1981 Westmorland
1247:1979 Coyote Lake
1168:1992 Joshua Tree
1162:1989 Loma Prieta
1138:1984 Morgan Hill
1078:1918 San Jacinto
1066:1899 San Jacinto
1060:1898 Mare Island
1017:1999 Hector Mine
993:1952 Kern County
951:1838 San Andreas
916:
909:
902:
893:
781:
774:
767:
758:
753:
752:
741:Open-File Report
724:
713:10.1130/g30698.1
690:
672:
671:
669:10.3133/ofr82485
660:Open-File Report
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636:10.3133/ofr84981
627:Open-File Report
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488:, archived from
475:
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350:spreading center
330:transform faults
290:Tectonic setting
221:
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156:
155:33.02°N 115.68°W
152:
149:
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147:
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119:
96:
94:
39:
38:
32:
22:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2146:
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2141:
2122:Imperial Valley
2102:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2091:2019 Ridgecrest
2054:
2050:2024 New Jersey
2010:2019 Ridgecrest
1980:2014 South Napa
1905:2006 Kiholo Bay
1895:2003 San Simeon
1868:
1864:2000 Yountville
1854:1998 Pymatuning
1844:1994 Northridge
1829:1992 St. George
1759:1983 Borah Peak
1714:1973 Point Mugu
1704:1969 Santa Rosa
1664:1958 Lituya Bay
1599:1936 State Line
1584:1933 Long Beach
1492:
1478:1895 Charleston
1458:1886 Charleston
1433:1870 Charlevoix
1408:1857 Fort Tejon
1383:1783 New Jersey
1368:1663 Charlevoix
1346:
1341:
1311:
1306:
1283:2000 Yountville
1241:1973 Point Mugu
1235:1969 Santa Rosa
1221:
1215:
1204:2019 Ridgecrest
1198:2014 South Napa
1186:2003 San Simeon
1180:1994 Northridge
1096:1933 Long Beach
1074:(6.3 & 6.3)
1040:
1034:
1029:2019 Ridgecrest
957:1857 Fort Tejon
931:
925:
920:
890:
885:
880:
870:
837:(6.6, June 11)
831:(5.9, April 26)
823:Gulf of Corinth
796:
785:
738:
688:
683:
680:
678:Further reading
675:
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587:Stock, Joann M.
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326:Baja California
310:
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275:Imperial Valley
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241:Imperial Valley
213:
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200:US$ 1–3 million
191:
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185:Imperial Valley
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101:Local time
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86:Local date
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1880:2001 Nisqually
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1621:
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1611:
1606:
1604:1940 El Centro
1601:
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1576:
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1569:1931 Valentine
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1289:2007 Alum Rock
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1253:1980 Livermore
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858:(6.1, Sep 12)
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846:(7.2, Jul 28)
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816:(6.8, Jan 23)
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342:North American
322:Colorado River
316:underlies the
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259:to the south.
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181:Areas affected
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1965:2014 La Habra
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1955:2011 Oklahoma
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1945:2011 Colorado
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1849:1995 Marathon
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1824:1992 Big Bear
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1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1754:1983 Coalinga
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1699:1968 Illinois
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1539:1916 Irondale
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1378:1755 Cape Ann
1376:
1374:
1373:1700 Cascadia
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1338:
1333:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1302:
1301:2014 La Habra
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1218:
1211:
1210:2022 Ferndale
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1174:1992 Big Bear
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1132:1983 Coalinga
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1037:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
936:
934:
928:
924:
917:
912:
910:
905:
903:
898:
897:
894:
883:
878:
873:
867:(7.2, Oct 25)
866:
863:
861:
857:
854:
852:
849:
845:
842:
840:
836:
833:
830:
827:
825:(6.7, Feb 24)
824:
821:
819:
815:
812:
810:
807:(6.7, Jan 19)
806:
803:
802:
799:
795:
792:
789:
782:
777:
775:
770:
768:
763:
762:
759:
751:
746:
742:
737:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
687:
682:
681:
677:
670:
665:
661:
657:
652:
651:
649:
648:
637:
632:
628:
621:
618:
613:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
581:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
535:
532:
528:
523:
520:
515:
511:
510:
502:
500:
496:
492:on 2020-03-13
491:
487:
483:
482:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
459:
451:
449:
445:
438:
434:
431:
429:
426:
425:
421:
410:
405:
403:
401:
393:
391:
389:
385:
379:
371:
369:
367:
363:
357:
355:
351:
347:
346:Salton Trough
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
309:
305:
301:
297:
289:
287:
285:
280:
276:
270:
262:
260:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
220:
217:
210:
203:
199:
195:
192:United States
190:
186:
183:
179:
176:
173:
169:
164:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
111:
107:
104:5:09 a.m. PDT
103:
99:
88:
84:
81:
78:
76:
71:
68:
65:
62:
58:
54:
51:
47:
31:
23:
2081:2012 Brawley
2035:2021 Chignik
1940:2010 Indiana
1890:2003 Alabama
1873:21st century
1819:1992 Landers
1748:
1634:1949 Olympia
1554:1925 Montana
1497:20th century
1428:1868 Hayward
1413:1865 Memphis
1258:
1048:1868 Hayward
1011:1992 Landers
945:1812 Ventura
881:
876:
859:
856:Darel Valley
850:
847:
838:
828:
817:
808:
740:
696:
692:
659:
646:
645:
626:
620:
594:
590:
580:
548:
544:
534:
522:
508:
490:the original
480:
457:
455:ISC (2015),
399:
397:
381:
358:
311:
272:
252:
228:
226:
215:
197:Total damage
2030:2020 Sparta
1995:2018 Hawaii
1990:2018 Alaska
1930:2010 Eureka
1885:2002 Denali
1799:1990 Upland
1764:1983 Kaoiki
1744:1980 Eureka
1729:1975 Hawaii
1724:1975 Morris
1679:1964 Alaska
1659:1958 Huslia
1594:1935 Helena
1574:1932 Eureka
1564:1927 Lompoc
1463:1887 Sonora
1438:1871 Lānaʻi
1423:1868 Hawaii
1271:1990 Upland
1192:2010 Eureka
1090:1932 Eureka
999:1980 Eureka
987:1927 Lompoc
829:Westmorland
400:Very strong
253:Very strong
216:Very strong
175:Strike-slip
158: /
63: event
2106:Categories
2066:2001 Enola
2045:2023 Texas
1925:2008 Wells
1351:Historical
1237:(5.6, 5.7)
1158:(6.2, 6.6)
1056:(6.4, 6.2)
930:Very Large
865:Playa Azul
805:Irian Jaya
439:References
376:See also:
372:Earthquake
334:rift zones
294:See also:
267:See also:
257:divergence
93:1981-04-26
52: time
2071:2008 Reno
1920:2008 Reno
1524:1914 Reno
1222:(5.0–5.9)
1122:(6.5–6.7)
1062:(5.8–6.4)
1050:(6.3–6.7)
1041:(6.0–6.9)
971:(7.1–7.2)
965:(7.4–7.9)
953:(6.8–7.2)
947:(7.1–7.5)
941:(6.9–7.5)
932:(7.0–7.9)
721:1943-2682
573:128704816
394:Intensity
362:divergent
214:MMI VII (
208:intensity
134:Epicenter
109:Magnitude
1220:Moderate
406:See also
251:of VII (
146:115°41′W
701:Bibcode
693:Geology
647:Sources
599:Bibcode
553:Bibcode
338:Pacific
263:Preface
235:(12:09
143:33°01′N
121:
91: (
2059:Swarms
835:Golbaf
719:
571:
384:strike
306:, and
80:ComCat
67:628772
1303:(5.1)
1297:(5.4)
1291:(5.6)
1285:(5.0)
1279:(5.6)
1273:(5.7)
1267:(5.9)
1261:(5.9)
1255:(5.8)
1249:(5.7)
1243:(5.8)
1231:(5.7)
1212:(6.4)
1206:(6.4)
1200:(6.0)
1194:(6.5)
1188:(6.6)
1182:(6.7)
1176:(6.5)
1170:(6.2)
1164:(6.9)
1152:(6.2)
1146:(6.0)
1140:(6.2)
1134:(6.2)
1128:(6.4)
1116:(6.6)
1110:(6.4)
1104:(6.9)
1098:(6.4)
1092:(6.4)
1086:(6.8)
1080:(6.7)
1068:(6.7)
1039:Large
1031:(7.1)
1025:(7.2)
1019:(7.1)
1013:(7.3)
1007:(7.2)
1001:(7.3)
995:(7.3)
989:(7.3)
983:(7.0)
977:(7.8)
959:(7.9)
844:Sirch
689:(PDF)
569:S2CID
126:Depth
73:USGS-
814:Dawu
717:ISSN
388:rake
332:and
312:The
273:The
227:The
206:Max.
171:Type
112:5.9
75:ANSS
745:doi
729:doi
709:doi
664:doi
631:doi
607:doi
595:121
561:doi
324:in
277:of
237:UTC
61:ISC
50:UTC
2108::
743:,
715:.
707:.
697:38
695:.
691:.
658:,
605:,
593:,
567:,
559:,
549:93
547:,
543:,
498:^
470:^
447:^
368:.
356:.
302:,
298:,
286:.
1336:e
1329:t
1322:v
915:e
908:t
901:v
882:‡
877:†
860:†
851:‡
848:†
839:†
818:†
809:†
794:→
788:←
780:e
773:t
766:v
747::
735:.
731::
723:.
711::
703::
666::
633::
609::
601::
563::
555::
340:–
218:)
117:w
115:M
95:)
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