402:. Muldoon was asked by journalists whether he was going to be a thorn in McLay's side, to which he replied "More like a little prick." He refused McLay's offer of a front bench post, instead opting to return to the backbench for the first time in over two decades. However, he continued to openly agitate against McLay, refusing to withdraw into an "elder statesman" role as McLay wanted. The relationship between the two bottomed out when Muldoon criticised the entire party leadership, forcing McLay to demote him to the lowest rank in the National caucus. McLay wished for Muldoon to become an elder statesman to National (as
276:. McLay was a distinct contrast to Muldoon, he promoted free market economic policies and possessed a relatively liberal social outlook. Indeed, he had been elected deputy due to his difference to Muldoon and building on this campaigned on winning back support from urban liberals and youth voters. McLay had flirted with the prospect of the party leadership earlier in the year following Muldoon's refusal to act in accordance with the incoming governments wishes which triggered a
26:
70:
307:" was over and made sure to point out that few of National's remaining MPs had experience in opposition. Indeed, McLay had only served in government and Bolger had been an opposition MP for only one term in 1972–75. However, the mood for change within National's ranks became overbearing and forced a vote, though Muldoon still stood for the leadership, although he later admitted that he too felt he would lose.
77:
84:
293:
Bolger, Minister of Labour under
Muldoon, was seen by most as a more traditionalist and pragmatic candidate whilst being far less conservative than Muldoon. He had a traditionalist social views, but was more favourable to liberal economic policy. Bolger had sided with McLay against Muldoon's refusal
215:
Muldoon, however, was in no hurry to resign the leadership. In a post-election caucus meeting, he persuaded MPs to defer a vote on the leadership until
February 1985 and indicated he would be "unlikely" to stand. Muldoon loyalist Bill Birch commented to media, "The whole thing needs to be considered
284:
to dismiss
Muldoon in favour of McLay unless Muldoon enacted Labour's request to devalue the New Zealand Dollar. Muldoon backed down and thus had remained leader. Since the defeat of the government he had been Deputy Leader of the Opposition, Shadow Minister of Justice and Shadow Attorney-General.
397:
Bolger was made deputy leader as a sign of party unity. Birch had also sought that role, but was instead ranked third in McLay's
January 1985 shadow cabinet and assigned the finance portfolio. Muldoon refused to accept any portfolios McLay offered him and became a
211:
and there was widespread desire in the party for a leadership change. This desire came mainly from the younger and less conservative wing of the party, which saw Robert
Muldoon as representing an era that had already passed.
302:
After losing the snap 1984 election
Muldoon wished to remain as leader, confident that he could defeat Labour in the 1987 election and thus refused to resign as leader. He argued he should stay on at least until Labour's
242:
in the previous administration. He was regarded as socially liberal and free-market friendly, and had been installed as
Muldoon's deputy earlier that year in an attempt to balance the leadership. Bolger, the former
223:, among others, resulted in the election being brought forward to November 1984 despite Muldoon's objections. With the change of date, Muldoon also confirmed he would recontest his position. Gair, Birch,
1869:
1794:
1789:
231:
were the other declared candidates, though Gair and Birch dropped out before the election was held (with Birch's support generally transferring to Bolger and Gair's to McLay).
1799:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
410:
49:
39:
1879:
1874:
742:
1609:
1597:
273:
1621:
1615:
1603:
1591:
1569:
1497:
1341:
761:
188:
1653:
1864:
1648:
1449:
1425:
1401:
1348:
1336:
1247:
1242:
1158:
1105:
277:
1688:
1461:
1437:
1317:
1213:
1206:
1069:
694:
479:
216:
very carefully, and the leadership decision needs to be dealt with at the appropriate time outside the shadow of a defeat at the election."
1673:
1545:
1194:
269:
1485:
1708:
1473:
1259:
439:
1353:
1329:
1293:
1134:
1117:
1081:
1057:
315:
The election was conducted through a members ballot by
National's parliamentary caucus. The following table gives the ballot results:
1557:
1509:
1365:
1218:
1170:
672:
444:
265:
235:
208:
1521:
1182:
1703:
1638:
1533:
1305:
1045:
935:
244:
1693:
1668:
1643:
1377:
1235:
1017:
735:
281:
261:
239:
1698:
1146:
976:
1663:
1835:
1840:
1678:
1658:
1225:
1040:
991:
960:
622:
392:
570:
294:
to act in accordance with the incoming government. Since July he had been Shadow
Minister of Labour and Employment.
1820:
1815:
1683:
1468:
894:
751:
728:
192:
1825:
1480:
1201:
595:
575:
1271:
925:
1389:
247:, pitched himself as a compromise candidate occupying the middle ground between McLay and Muldoon.
1413:
1012:
882:
709:
690:
668:
475:
1528:
1254:
304:
25:
1564:
1266:
1141:
682:
660:
430:
260:
By 1984 McLay had become a senior member of
Muldoon's government. He had served as both
1552:
1492:
1456:
1444:
1288:
1165:
1129:
1124:
1100:
875:
806:
790:
782:
403:
372:
157:
104:
1858:
1516:
1504:
1420:
1312:
1153:
1027:
968:
955:
950:
945:
920:
907:
863:
828:
798:
775:
1408:
1324:
1230:
1112:
1088:
1064:
856:
835:
69:
1540:
1396:
1372:
1360:
1300:
1278:
1189:
1177:
981:
915:
869:
399:
220:
280:. McLay and several other senior cabinet ministers threatened to appeal to the
1432:
1384:
1093:
1076:
1052:
820:
357:
228:
99:
720:
713:
1830:
841:
813:
337:
224:
196:
169:
94:
434:
83:
76:
1283:
940:
930:
848:
406:
had done years earlier) but Muldoon insisted on having an active role.
665:
The First 50 Years : A History of the New Zealand National Party
724:
549:
547:
510:
508:
506:
207:
Muldoon's government was defeated in a landslide in the
195:. The election was won by former deputy prime minister
708:(4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer.
1808:
1717:
1631:
1584:
990:
893:
760:
185:
1984 New Zealand National Party leadership election
19:
1984 New Zealand National Party leadership election
623:"Australian leadership becomes a toxic waste dump"
148:
1870:New Zealand National Party leadership elections
409:McLay would lead National in opposition until
736:
495:"PM attacks chances of would-be successors".
8:
18:
706:New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984
1002:
743:
729:
721:
474:. Mary Egan Publishing. pp. 152–153.
17:
1880:1984 political party leadership elections
643:
609:
588:
586:
553:
526:
514:
317:
689:. Auckland: Auckland University Press.
564:
562:
422:
998:Names without electorates are list MPs
768:Names in bold served as Prime Minister
687:His Way: A Biography of Robert Muldoon
538:
7:
465:
463:
461:
1875:November 1984 events in New Zealand
571:"McLay: My plan to replace Muldoon"
440:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
411:1986, when he was deposed by Bolger
472:Bill Birch: Minister of Everything
219:Pressure from leadership aspirant
14:
445:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
187:was held to determine the future
82:
75:
68:
24:
569:Audrey Young (28 August 2012).
704:Wilson, James Oakley (1985) .
1:
1865:1984 elections in New Zealand
993:Current members of parliament
470:Tattersfield, Brad (2020).
393:Shadow Cabinet of Jim McLay
1896:
753:New Zealand National Party
667:. Auckland: Reed Methuen.
599:. 28 July 1984. p. 5.
593:"Line-up For Opposition".
390:
193:New Zealand National Party
1036:
1005:
335:
146:
60:
33:
23:
529:, pp. 150–1, 157–8.
1836:United–Reform Coalition
435:"Muldoon, Robert David"
272:upon the retirement of
596:The New Zealand Herald
576:The New Zealand Herald
497:The New Zealand Herald
153:Leader before election
1272:Taranaki-King Country
278:constitutional crisis
270:Deputy Prime Minister
165:Leader after election
1718:Leadership elections
1585:National governments
1390:Kaipara ki Mahurangi
266:Minister of Justice
236:Minister of Justice
20:
936:Sir George Chapman
245:Minister of Labour
209:July 1984 election
111:Popular vote
1850:
1849:
1580:
1579:
1414:West Coast-Tasman
1013:Christopher Luxon
921:Sir Alex McKenzie
904:Sir George Wilson
883:Christopher Luxon
696:978-1-86940-236-5
556:, pp. 150–1.
481:978-0-473-50197-6
384:
383:
181:
180:
177:
176:
142:
141:
56:
55:
1887:
1809:Related articles
1573:
1561:
1549:
1537:
1529:Tim van de Molen
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1453:
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1429:
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1405:
1393:
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1333:
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1255:Dana Kirkpatrick
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1186:
1174:
1162:
1150:
1138:
1121:
1109:
1097:
1085:
1073:
1061:
1049:
1021:
1003:
999:
994:
977:Peter Goodfellow
926:Jack Meadowcroft
897:
896:Party presidents
769:
764:
754:
745:
738:
731:
722:
717:
700:
683:Gustafson, Barry
678:
661:Gustafson, Barry
647:
641:
635:
634:
632:
630:
625:. 22 August 2018
619:
613:
607:
601:
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581:
580:
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536:
530:
524:
518:
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501:
500:
492:
486:
485:
467:
456:
455:
453:
451:
431:Gustafson, Barry
427:
318:
305:honeymoon period
282:Governor-General
274:Duncan MacIntyre
262:Attorney General
240:Attorney-General
149:
86:
79:
72:
62:
61:
45:29 November 1984
35:
34:
28:
21:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1846:
1804:
1713:
1632:Shadow cabinets
1627:
1576:
1570:Banks Peninsula
1567:
1565:Vanessa Weenink
1555:
1543:
1531:
1519:
1507:
1498:East Coast Bays
1495:
1483:
1471:
1459:
1447:
1435:
1423:
1411:
1399:
1387:
1375:
1363:
1351:
1339:
1327:
1315:
1303:
1291:
1269:
1267:Barbara Kuriger
1257:
1245:
1233:
1216:
1204:
1192:
1180:
1168:
1156:
1144:
1142:Hamish Campbell
1132:
1115:
1103:
1091:
1079:
1067:
1055:
1043:
1032:
1015:
997:
996:
992:
986:
916:Sir Wilfrid Sim
895:
889:
767:
766:
762:
756:
752:
749:
703:
697:
681:
675:
659:
656:
651:
650:
642:
638:
628:
626:
621:
620:
616:
608:
604:
592:
591:
584:
568:
567:
560:
552:
545:
537:
533:
525:
521:
513:
504:
499:. 21 July 1984.
494:
493:
489:
482:
469:
468:
459:
449:
447:
429:
428:
424:
419:
395:
389:
313:
300:
291:
258:
253:
234:McLay had been
205:
172:
167:
160:
155:
147:
29:
12:
11:
5:
1893:
1891:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1857:
1856:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1624:(2023–present)
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1562:
1553:Catherine Wedd
1550:
1538:
1526:
1514:
1502:
1493:Erica Stanford
1490:
1478:
1466:
1457:Penny Simmonds
1454:
1445:Tom Rutherford
1442:
1430:
1418:
1406:
1394:
1382:
1370:
1358:
1346:
1334:
1322:
1310:
1298:
1289:Grant McCallum
1286:
1281:
1276:
1264:
1252:
1240:
1228:
1226:Paul Goldsmith
1223:
1211:
1199:
1187:
1175:
1166:Judith Collins
1163:
1151:
1139:
1130:Mike Butterick
1127:
1125:Gerry Brownlee
1122:
1110:
1101:Cameron Brewer
1098:
1086:
1074:
1062:
1050:
1041:Miles Anderson
1037:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1022:
1010:
1006:
1000:
988:
987:
985:
984:
979:
974:
971:
966:
963:
961:Geoff Thompson
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
910:
905:
901:
899:
891:
890:
888:
887:
886:(2021–present)
879:
876:Judith Collins
873:
867:
861:
853:
845:
839:
833:
825:
817:
811:
807:Robert Muldoon
803:
795:
791:Keith Holyoake
787:
783:Sidney Holland
779:
772:
770:
758:
757:
750:
748:
747:
740:
733:
725:
719:
718:
701:
695:
679:
673:
655:
652:
649:
648:
646:, p. 162.
644:Gustafson 1986
636:
614:
612:, p. 157.
610:Gustafson 1986
602:
582:
558:
554:Gustafson 1986
543:
531:
527:Gustafson 1986
519:
517:, p. 158.
515:Gustafson 1986
502:
487:
480:
457:
421:
420:
418:
415:
404:Keith Holyoake
388:
385:
382:
381:
378:
375:
373:Robert Muldoon
370:
367:
366:
363:
360:
355:
352:
351:
346:
341:
334:
331:
330:
327:
324:
321:
312:
309:
299:
298:Robert Muldoon
296:
290:
287:
257:
254:
252:
249:
204:
201:
179:
178:
175:
174:
162:
158:Robert Muldoon
144:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
128:
124:
123:
120:
117:
112:
108:
107:
105:Robert Muldoon
102:
97:
92:
88:
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
57:
54:
53:
47:
42:
31:
30:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1892:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1853:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1826:Liberal Party
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1571:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1517:Louise Upston
1515:
1511:
1506:
1505:Sam Uffindell
1503:
1499:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1469:Scott Simpson
1467:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1450:Bay of Plenty
1446:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1421:Suze Redmayne
1419:
1415:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1402:Hamilton West
1398:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1349:Joseph Mooney
1347:
1343:
1338:
1337:Mark Mitchell
1335:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1313:David MacLeod
1311:
1307:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1248:Hamilton East
1244:
1243:Ryan Hamilton
1241:
1237:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1159:Mount Roskill
1155:
1154:Carlos Cheung
1152:
1148:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1106:Upper Harbour
1102:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1028:Nicola Willis
1026:
1024:Deputy leader
1023:
1019:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1001:
995:
989:
983:
980:
978:
975:
972:
970:
969:Michelle Boag
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
956:Lindsay Tisch
954:
952:
951:John Collinge
949:
947:
946:Neville Young
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
911:
909:
908:Claude Weston
906:
903:
902:
900:
898:
892:
885:
884:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
864:Simon Bridges
862:
859:
858:
854:
851:
850:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
830:
829:Jenny Shipley
826:
823:
822:
818:
815:
812:
809:
808:
804:
801:
800:
799:Jack Marshall
796:
793:
792:
788:
785:
784:
780:
777:
776:Adam Hamilton
774:
773:
771:
765:
763:Party leaders
759:
755:
746:
741:
739:
734:
732:
727:
726:
723:
715:
711:
707:
702:
698:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
674:0-474-00177-6
670:
666:
662:
658:
657:
653:
645:
640:
637:
624:
618:
615:
611:
606:
603:
598:
597:
589:
587:
583:
578:
577:
572:
565:
563:
559:
555:
550:
548:
544:
541:, p. 96.
540:
535:
532:
528:
523:
520:
516:
511:
509:
507:
503:
498:
491:
488:
483:
477:
473:
466:
464:
462:
458:
446:
442:
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436:
432:
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414:
412:
407:
405:
401:
394:
386:
379:
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364:
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342:
340:
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333:
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328:
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322:
320:
319:
316:
310:
308:
306:
297:
295:
288:
286:
283:
279:
275:
271:
268:and later as
267:
263:
255:
250:
248:
246:
241:
237:
232:
230:
226:
222:
217:
213:
210:
202:
200:
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186:
173:
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145:
137:
134:
132:
129:
126:
125:
121:
118:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
90:
89:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
63:
59:
52: →
51:
48:
46:
43:
41:
38:←
37:
36:
32:
27:
22:
16:
1852:
1843:(youth wing)
1821:United Party
1816:Reform Party
1749:
1481:Stuart Smith
1462:Invercargill
1409:Maureen Pugh
1342:Whangaparāoa
1325:James Meager
1318:New Plymouth
1231:Nicola Grigg
1214:Paulo Garcia
1207:Maungakiekie
1202:Greg Fleming
1113:Simeon Brown
1089:Chris Bishop
1070:Port Waikato
1065:Andrew Bayly
881:
857:Bill English
855:
847:
836:Bill English
827:
819:
805:
797:
789:
781:
705:
686:
664:
639:
627:. Retrieved
617:
605:
594:
574:
534:
522:
496:
490:
471:
448:. Retrieved
438:
425:
408:
396:
348:
343:
336:
314:
301:
292:
259:
233:
218:
214:
206:
184:
182:
168:
164:
156:
152:
130:
114:
44:
15:
1546:North Shore
1541:Simon Watts
1397:Tama Potaka
1373:Katie Nimon
1361:Rima Nakhle
1301:Todd McClay
1279:Melissa Lee
1195:Waimakariri
1190:Matt Doocey
1178:Tim Costley
982:Sylvia Wood
965:John Slater
912:Alex Gordon
878:(2020–2021)
870:Todd Muller
866:(2018–2020)
860:(2016–2018)
852:(2006–2016)
844:(2003–2006)
838:(2001–2003)
832:(1997–2001)
824:(1986–1997)
816:(1984–1986)
810:(1974–1984)
802:(1972–1974)
794:(1957–1972)
786:(1940–1957)
778:(1936–1940)
539:Wilson 1985
400:backbencher
329:Percentage
221:George Gair
127:Percentage
1859:Categories
1841:Young Nats
1689:English II
1654:Muldoon II
1474:Coromandel
1433:Shane Reti
1426:Rangitīkei
1385:Chris Penk
1260:East Coast
1094:Hutt South
1077:Dan Bidois
1053:Carl Bates
821:Jim Bolger
654:References
391:See also:
358:Jim Bolger
289:Jim Bolger
251:Candidates
229:Jim Bolger
203:Background
189:leadership
100:Jim Bolger
91:Candidate
1831:Teal Deal
1795:July 2020
1674:English I
1649:Muldoon I
1618:(2008–17)
1612:(1990–99)
1606:(1975–84)
1600:(1960–72)
1594:(1949–57)
1438:Whangārei
1354:Southland
1330:Rangitata
1294:Northland
1135:Wairarapa
1118:Pakuranga
1082:Northcote
1058:Whanganui
973:Judy Kirk
842:Don Brash
814:Jim McLay
714:154283103
629:22 August
450:27 August
387:Aftermath
338:Jim McLay
256:Jim McLay
225:Jim McLay
197:Jim McLay
170:Jim McLay
95:Jim McLay
1790:May 2020
1644:Marshall
1639:Holyoake
1558:Tukituki
1510:Tauranga
1486:Kaikōura
1366:Takanini
1284:Nancy Lu
1219:New Lynn
1171:Papakura
941:Sue Wood
931:Ned Holt
849:John Key
685:(2002).
663:(1986).
1704:Collins
1694:Bridges
1669:Shipley
1534:Waikato
1306:Rotorua
1046:Waitaki
380:14.28%
365:22.85%
191:of the
138:14.28%
135:22.85%
65:
1699:Muller
1664:Bolger
1610:Fourth
1598:Second
1378:Napier
1236:Selwyn
1018:Botany
1009:Leader
872:(2020)
712:
693:
671:
478:
349:62.85%
311:Result
131:62.85%
1709:Luxon
1679:Brash
1659:McLay
1622:Sixth
1616:Fifth
1604:Third
1592:First
1522:Taupō
1183:Ōtaki
417:Notes
326:Votes
1800:2021
1785:2018
1780:2016
1775:2006
1770:2003
1765:2001
1760:1997
1755:1986
1750:1984
1745:1974
1740:1972
1735:1957
1730:1940
1725:1936
1147:Ilam
710:OCLC
691:ISBN
669:ISBN
631:2018
476:ISBN
452:2013
323:Name
238:and
227:and
183:The
50:1986
40:1974
1684:Key
1861::
585:^
573:.
561:^
546:^
505:^
460:^
443:.
437:.
433:.
413:.
344:22
264:,
199:.
122:5
119:8
115:22
1572:)
1568:(
1560:)
1556:(
1548:)
1544:(
1536:)
1532:(
1524:)
1520:(
1512:)
1508:(
1500:)
1496:(
1488:)
1484:(
1476:)
1472:(
1464:)
1460:(
1452:)
1448:(
1440:)
1436:(
1428:)
1424:(
1416:)
1412:(
1404:)
1400:(
1392:)
1388:(
1380:)
1376:(
1368:)
1364:(
1356:)
1352:(
1344:)
1340:(
1332:)
1328:(
1320:)
1316:(
1308:)
1304:(
1296:)
1292:(
1274:)
1270:(
1262:)
1258:(
1250:)
1246:(
1238:)
1234:(
1221:)
1217:(
1209:)
1205:(
1197:)
1193:(
1185:)
1181:(
1173:)
1169:(
1161:)
1157:(
1149:)
1145:(
1137:)
1133:(
1120:)
1116:(
1108:)
1104:(
1096:)
1092:(
1084:)
1080:(
1072:)
1068:(
1060:)
1056:(
1048:)
1044:(
1020:)
1016:(
744:e
737:t
730:v
716:.
699:.
677:.
633:.
579:.
484:.
454:.
377:5
362:8
303:"
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