118:
312:
111:
715:
27:
214:
206:
198:
260:
It was the last election in
Communist Poland in which no real opposition candidates were allowed to participate. The following election in 1989, in which opposition parties could put up candidates for a portion of the seats, resulted in a convincing opposition victory followed by the downfall of the
243:
voted to extend its own term at first indefinitely (on
February 13, 1984) and then until August 31, 1985 (on December 3, 1984), fixing the elections to be held not beyond the end of 1985. As was the case in previous elections, only candidates approved by the Communist regime (coalesced under the
104:
256:
movement called for a boycott of the elections. According to official figures 78.9% of the electorate turned out to vote. This turnout, while relatively high, was much lower than the nearly 100% turnout which was reported in previous elections.
252:) were permitted on the ballot. The outcome was thus not in doubt, nevertheless the regime was hoping for a high turnout, which it could then claim as evidence of strong support for the government among the population. The opposition from the
496: — a post equivalent to that of head of state of Poland. However, his power centered on and firmly entrenched in his coterie of "LWP" generals and lower ranks officers of the Polish Communist Army.
235:
the elections should have been held every 4 years, that is in the spring of 1984, but since the internal political situation was still considered "unstable" even after the repealing in 1983 of the
279:
used a computer to hijack the signal of multiple state-owned television stations. They placed propagandist messages on the screen in an attempt to get the viewer to boycott the elections.
645:
1243:
1284:
1171:
302:. The results of the 1985 election were duplicating, exactly, the results of the 1965 to 1972 elections, which were only marginally different from those of the preceding years.
232:
1186:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1264:
1224:
703:
681:
338:
245:
1279:
660:
1219:
1181:
621:
581:
524:
1166:
931:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
58:
41:
1274:
1269:
1229:
1214:
776:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
362:
153:
345:
253:
148:
696:
659:(1). The Historical Collections Division (HCD) of the Office of Information Management Services: 18 of 44. Archived from
492:
Shortly after the elections, Jaruzelski resigned as prime minister and defence minister and became the
Chairman of the
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
299:
1015:
1005:
950:
270:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1010:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
942:
689:
379:
158:
545:
138:
493:
249:
1196:
1191:
1176:
276:
1158:
723:
283:
Enough price increases, lies, and repressions. Solidarity Toruń. It is our duty to boycott the election.
236:
117:
787:
484:
As the other parties and "independents" were subordinate to PZPR, its control of the Sejm was total.
1206:
1120:
732:
719:
128:
613:
617:
577:
571:
520:
311:
653:
Soviet – East
European Military Relations in Historical Perspective Sources and Reassessments
133:
103:
606:
298:
The results, like with the other elections in communist Poland, were controlled by the
1258:
512:
110:
573:
The spring will be ours: Poland and the Poles from occupation to freedom
714:
228:
549:
240:
72:
685:
548:(in Polish). w.icm.edu.pl. 2006-05-18. Archived from
1205:
1157:
1119:
941:
786:
731:
69:
605:
1244:Elections in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
281:
697:
8:
18:
644:CIA’s Historical Review (24 October 1997).
704:
690:
682:
304:
17:
1285:Elections in the Polish People's Republic
505:
476:
463:
450:
437:
424:
420:
407:
339:Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth
288:"Telewizja Solidarność" (TV Solidarity)
246:Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth
570:Andrzej Paczkowski; Jane Cave (2003).
612:. Columbia University Press. p.
608:God's Playground: 1795 to the present
464:
451:
438:
425:
318:
231:on 13 October 1985. According to the
227:Parliamentary elections were held in
7:
546:"Telewizja "Solidarność" Toruń 1985"
517:Elections in Europe: A data handbook
664:(PDF file, direct download 12.2 MB)
83:
275:In 1985, four college students at
19:1985 Polish parliamentary election
14:
1265:Parliamentary elections in Poland
576:. Penn State Press. p. 229.
713:
310:
213:
212:
205:
204:
197:
196:
116:
109:
102:
25:
76:231 seats needed for a majority
1:
1280:October 1985 events in Europe
346:Polish United Workers' Party
515:& Philip Stöver (2010)
478:Source: Nohlen & Stöver
1301:
604:Norman Davies (May 2005).
535:Nohlen & Stöver, p1503
271:Broadcast signal intrusion
268:
1238:
477:
473:
465:Registered voters/turnout
460:
447:
434:
421:
411:
408:
398:
383:
366:
349:
337:
335:
330:
327:
324:
321:
309:
80:
47:13 October 1985
35:
23:
1275:1985 elections in Poland
1270:1985 elections in Europe
248:, replacing the similar
1207:Silesian Sejm elections
788:Parliamentary elections
646:"Cold War era analysis"
494:Polish Council of State
250:Front of National Unity
139:Tadeusz Witold Młyńczak
733:Presidential elections
291:
265:TV Solidarity incident
363:United People's Party
71:All 460 seats in the
300:communist government
233:Constitution of 1952
666:on 24 November 2013
306:
277:University of Toruń
165:Last election
129:Wojciech Jaruzelski
20:
1121:European elections
305:
261:Communist system.
1252:
1251:
623:978-0-231-12819-3
583:978-0-271-02308-3
525:978-3-8329-5609-7
482:
481:
319:Party or alliance
225:
224:
221:
220:
193:Seat change
65:
64:
1292:
718:
717:
706:
699:
692:
683:
676:
675:
673:
671:
665:
650:
641:
635:
634:
632:
630:
611:
601:
595:
594:
592:
590:
567:
561:
560:
558:
557:
542:
536:
533:
527:
510:
380:Democratic Party
314:
307:
289:
216:
215:
208:
207:
200:
199:
134:Roman Malinowski
120:
113:
106:
82:
81:
54:
52:
37:
36:
30:
29:
28:
21:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1234:
1201:
1153:
1115:
943:Local elections
937:
782:
727:
712:
710:
680:
679:
669:
667:
663:
648:
643:
642:
638:
628:
626:
624:
603:
602:
598:
588:
586:
584:
569:
568:
564:
555:
553:
544:
543:
539:
534:
530:
511:
507:
502:
490:
296:
290:
287:
273:
267:
179:Seats won
91:Minority party
88:Majority party
75:
70:
50:
48:
31:
26:
24:
12:
11:
5:
1298:
1296:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1257:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1163:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1125:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
947:
945:
939:
938:
936:
935:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
792:
790:
784:
783:
781:
780:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
737:
735:
729:
728:
711:
709:
708:
701:
694:
686:
678:
677:
636:
622:
596:
582:
562:
537:
528:
504:
503:
501:
498:
489:
488:Post-elections
486:
480:
479:
475:
474:
472:
469:
466:
462:
461:
459:
456:
453:
449:
448:
446:
443:
440:
436:
435:
433:
430:
427:
423:
422:
419:
418:
415:
412:
410:
406:
405:
402:
399:
397:
394:
391:
390:
387:
384:
382:
377:
374:
373:
370:
367:
365:
360:
357:
356:
353:
350:
348:
343:
341:
336:
333:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
316:
315:
295:
292:
285:
266:
263:
223:
222:
219:
218:
210:
202:
194:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
162:
161:
156:
151:
146:
142:
141:
136:
131:
126:
122:
121:
114:
107:
100:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
78:
77:
67:
66:
63:
62:
56:
44:
33:
32:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1297:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
948:
946:
944:
940:
934:
933:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
793:
791:
789:
785:
779:
778:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
738:
736:
734:
730:
725:
721:
716:
707:
702:
700:
695:
693:
688:
687:
684:
662:
658:
654:
647:
640:
637:
625:
619:
615:
610:
609:
600:
597:
585:
579:
575:
574:
566:
563:
552:on 2009-12-06
551:
547:
541:
538:
532:
529:
526:
522:
518:
514:
513:Dieter Nohlen
509:
506:
499:
497:
495:
487:
485:
470:
467:
457:
454:
444:
441:
439:Invalid votes
431:
428:
416:
413:
403:
400:
395:
393:
392:
388:
385:
381:
378:
376:
375:
371:
368:
364:
361:
359:
358:
354:
351:
347:
344:
342:
340:
334:
317:
313:
308:
303:
301:
293:
284:
280:
278:
272:
264:
262:
258:
255:
251:
247:
242:
238:
234:
230:
211:
203:
195:
192:
191:
187:
184:
181:
178:
177:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
124:
123:
119:
115:
112:
108:
105:
101:
98:
97:
93:
90:
87:
84:
79:
74:
68:
61: →
60:
57:
55:
45:
43:
40:←
39:
38:
34:
22:
16:
930:
870:
775:
668:. Retrieved
661:the original
656:
652:
639:
627:. Retrieved
607:
599:
587:. Retrieved
572:
565:
554:. Retrieved
550:the original
540:
531:
516:
508:
491:
483:
396:Independents
297:
282:
274:
259:
226:
94:Third party
46:
15:
1159:Referendums
724:referendums
452:Total votes
426:Valid votes
237:Martial Law
1259:Categories
1242:See also:
1225:1930 (Nov)
1220:1930 (May)
556:2009-07-15
500:References
468:26,065,497
455:20,554,182
429:20,489,086
269:See also:
254:Solidarity
51:1985-10-13
726:in Poland
720:Elections
519:, p1491
286:—
1016:1938–39
1006:1933–34
951:1916–17
294:Results
125:Leader
99:
85:
49: (
670:26 May
629:3 June
620:
589:3 June
580:
523:
458:100.00
442:65,096
239:, the
229:Poland
145:Party
649:(PDF)
471:78.86
432:99.68
409:Total
328:Seats
322:Votes
1230:1935
1215:1922
1197:2023
1192:2015
1187:2003
1182:1997
1177:1996
1172:1987
1167:1946
1149:2024
1144:2019
1139:2014
1134:2009
1129:2004
1111:2024
1106:2018
1101:2014
1096:2010
1091:2006
1086:2002
1081:1998
1076:1994
1071:1990
1066:1988
1061:1984
1056:1980
1051:1976
1046:1973
1041:1969
1036:1965
1031:1961
1026:1958
1021:1954
1011:1936
1001:1929
996:1927
991:1926
986:1925
981:1924
976:1923
971:1922
966:1921
961:1920
956:1919
932:Next
926:2023
921:2019
916:2015
911:2011
906:2007
901:2005
896:2001
891:1997
886:1993
881:1991
876:1989
871:1985
866:1980
861:1976
856:1972
851:1969
846:1965
841:1961
836:1957
831:1952
826:1947
821:1938
816:1935
811:1930
806:1928
801:1922
796:1919
777:2025
771:2020
766:2015
761:2010
756:2005
751:2000
746:1995
741:1990
722:and
672:2014
631:2011
618:ISBN
591:2011
578:ISBN
521:ISBN
445:0.32
241:Sejm
185:106
182:245
171:113
168:261
149:PZPR
73:Sejm
59:1989
42:1980
614:459
414:460
404:+25
369:106
355:–16
352:245
331:+/–
201:16
188:39
174:37
154:ZSL
1261::
655:.
651:.
616:.
401:74
389:–2
386:35
372:–7
217:2
209:7
159:SD
705:e
698:t
691:v
674:.
657:1
633:.
593:.
559:.
417:0
325:%
53:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
