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252:. After Sankara, Lingani and Zongo were arrested by Ouédraogo in 1983, Compaoré launch a military coup on 3 August to rescue his friends and comrades, overthrowing Ouédraogo and making Sankara the country's leader, the other three becoming the principal members of the ruling junta. Together they set about a radical transformation of society, called the "Democratic and Popular Revolution".
279:. A communique read in state radio stated: "Our people and revolution, and its militants at all levels, have just escaped, on the night of Sept. 18, 1989, a cowardly plot fomented by military and fascist elements led by some ambitious and anti-revolutionary people who are at the very top of the political leadership."
255:
On 15 October 1987, Compaoré, Lingani and Zongo joined together to overthrow and murder
Sankara. A new junta was declared under the "Popular Front", with Compaoré becoming President of the renamed Burkina Faso. Lingani and Zongo maintained their positions, as Minister of Popular Defence and Minister
275:. Sources differ on how he was to be met – some say he was supposed to be arrested upon arrival, others that the plane was to be blown up. Lingani and Zongo, the no. 2 and 3 most powerful people in the country, were named as the instigators of the coup attempt, and denounced as
282:
Jean-Baptiste
Boukary Lingani, Henri Zongo and two unnamed conspirators were quickly arrested and summarily executed once the reported plot was discovered. Compaoré's rule would go on for another twenty-five years, until his overthrow in the
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1880:
884:
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1996:
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1961:
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1477:
1021:
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877:
1603:
1207:
1056:
256:
of
Economic Promotion. The triumvirate set out to undo Sankara's far-left reforms, although their cooperation would come to end after two years.
2340:
909:
607:
1866:
1824:
1740:
1014:
2291:
222:– who, together with Lingani and Zongo, had previously carried out two coups in the country. All known conspirators were quickly executed.
150:
2105:
1954:
1428:
2189:
1989:
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236:
90:
2038:
2010:
1519:
1435:
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1368:
271:. The plot, found out just prior to Comaporé's return to the country, was supposed to have taken place the moment Compaoré landed in
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1982:
1803:
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2017:
1975:
1933:
1912:
1859:
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1449:
1340:
198:
118:
2147:
1768:
1484:
1347:
1263:
1140:
2277:
2256:
2154:
1624:
1312:
504:
445:
296:
231:
1333:
937:
930:
17:
264:
259:
Burkinabé authorities allege that on 18 September 1989, while
President Compaoré was on a state visit to
465:
341:
2045:
1070:
951:
851:
846:
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836:
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681:
230:
Compaoré, Lingani and Zongo had gotten to know each other in the late 1970s, in what was then the
219:
139:
893:
496:
449:
386:
346:
321:
202:
862:
1810:
923:
441:
414:
378:
1396:
214:, in addition to other unnamed conspirators. The plot, as described by the government of
1228:
241:
184:
167:
406:
2426:
410:
106:
1000:
649:
500:
215:
351:
272:
211:
179:
249:
2402:
382:
276:
438:
Countries at the
Crossroads 2011: An Analysis of Democratic Governance
260:
436:
Dizard, Jake; Walker, Christopher; Tucker, Vanessa, eds. (2012).
866:
611:
469:
244:, a close friend of Compaoré. In 1982 the four aided Major
240:, a clandestine left-wing movement. Another member was
2241:
2062:
1904:
1669:
1406:
1150:
901:
29:
878:
623:
481:
407:"Four Coup Plotters Executed in Burkina Faso"
234:, as low-ranking officers and members of the
8:
318:Prominent African Leaders Since Independence
263:, a planned coup was discovered by Captain
885:
871:
863:
630:
616:
608:
488:
474:
466:
26:
18:1989 Burkina Faso coup d'état attempt
342:"WORLD: Burkina Faso Coup Attempt Foiled"
2383:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2024)
1997:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2004)
1001:Democratic Republic of the Congo (1965)
320:. Intercontinental Books. p. 296.
308:
2443:Attempted coups d'état in Burkina Faso
195:1989 Burkina Faso coup d'état attempt
30:1989 Burkina Faso coup d'état attempt
7:
2433:1980s coups d'état and coup attempts
375:Political Handbook of the World 2014
60:Arrest and execution of conspirators
1008:Central African Republic (1965–66)
25:
269:Regiment of Presidential Security
639:
183:
173:
166:
156:
144:
132:
112:
99:
84:
75:
2453:September 1989 events in Africa
2257:Central African Republic (2021)
2155:Central African Republic (2013)
1941:Central African Republic (2003)
1927:Central African Republic (2001)
1478:Central African Republic (1982)
1457:Central African Republic (1981)
1397:Central African Republic (1979)
197:was allegedly an attempt at a
1:
2320:Burkina Faso (September 2022)
208:Jean-Baptiste Boukary Lingani
163:Jean-Baptiste Boukary Lingani
2327:São Tomé and Príncipe (2022)
1962:São Tomé and Príncipe (2003)
1881:Republic of the Congo (1998)
1818:São Tomé and Príncipe (1995)
1755:Sierra Leone (December 1992)
1632:São Tomé and Príncipe (1988)
1604:Republic of the Congo (1987)
1208:Republic of the Congo (1972)
1106:Republic of the Congo (1968)
1057:Republic of the Congo (1966)
910:Republic of the Congo (1960)
2306:Burkina Faso (January 2022)
1499:Upper Volta (February 1983)
373:Lansford, Tom, ed. (2014).
2469:
1853:Sierra Leone (August 1996)
316:Kasuka, Bridgette (2013).
2392:
1506:Upper Volta (August 1983)
657:
512:
125:
68:
34:
1990:Equatorial Guinea (2004)
1390:Equatorial Guinea (1979)
446:Rowman & Littlefield
248:in overthrowing Colonel
1022:Burundi (November 1966)
297:History of Burkina Faso
285:2014 Burkinabé uprising
246:Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo
232:Republic of Upper Volta
2292:Sudan (September 2021)
1127:Libya (September 1969)
1043:Nigeria (January 1966)
126:Commanders and leaders
1783:Bophuthatswana (1994)
1141:Libya (December 1969)
931:French Algeria (1961)
218:, targeted President
2438:1989 in Burkina Faso
2376:Guinea-Bissau (2023)
2313:Guinea-Bissau (2022)
2299:Sudan (October 2021)
2148:Libya (October 2013)
2106:Guinea-Bissau (2012)
2092:Guinea-Bissau (2011)
1955:Guinea-Bissau (2003)
1934:Côte d'Ivoire (2002)
1913:Côte d'Ivoire (2001)
1895:Côte d'Ivoire (1999)
1874:Guinea-Bissau (1998)
1429:Guinea-Bissau (1980)
896:in Africa since 1960
2369:Sierra Leone (2023)
2362:Burkina Faso (2023)
2197:Burkina Faso (2016)
2190:Burkina Faso (2015)
1969:Burkina Faso (2003)
1867:Sierra Leone (1997)
1825:Sierra Leone (1996)
1741:Sierra Leone (1992)
1639:Burkina Faso (1989)
1590:Burkina Faso (1987)
1092:Sierra Leone (1968)
1050:Nigeria (July 1966)
1015:Burundi (July 1966)
503:(formerly known as
417:. 19 September 1989
354:. 19 September 1989
267:, commander of the
1492:Upper Volta (1982)
1436:Upper Volta (1980)
1334:Uganda (June 1977)
1222:Upper Volta (1974)
1036:Upper Volta (1966)
2448:Conflicts in 1989
2420:
2419:
2397:: successful coup
2176:The Gambia (2014)
2113:Mali (April 2012)
2099:Mali (March 2012)
2071:Madagascar (2010)
2053:Madagascar (2009)
2039:Mauritania (2008)
2025:Madagascar (2006)
2011:Mauritania (2005)
1948:Mauritania (2003)
1520:Mauritania (1984)
1471:Seychelles (1981)
1443:Mauritania (1981)
1415:Mauritania (1980)
1376:Mauritania (1979)
1369:Mauritania (1978)
1320:Seychelles (1977)
860:
859:
605:
604:
347:Los Angeles Times
191:
190:
64:
63:
42:18 September 1989
16:(Redirected from
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415:Associated Press
403:
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379:Washington, D.C.
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265:Gilbert Diendéré
187:
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2276:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2237:
2232:Ethiopia (2019)
2230:
2223:
2216:
2211:Zimbabwe (2017)
2209:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2160:
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2146:
2139:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2111:
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2097:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2058:
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2037:
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2023:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1925:
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1911:
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1725:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1646:Ethiopia (1989)
1644:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1618:Transkei (1987)
1616:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1527:Cameroon (1984)
1525:
1518:
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1504:
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1318:
1311:
1304:
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1283:
1276:
1269:
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1255:
1248:
1243:Ethiopia (1974)
1241:
1234:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1157:
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1125:
1118:
1111:
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1097:
1090:
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1055:
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999:
992:
985:
978:
971:
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950:
943:
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929:
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917:Ethiopia (1960)
915:
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891:
861:
856:
653:
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494:
464:
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448:. p. 111.
435:
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385:. p. 199.
372:
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357:
355:
340:
339:
335:
328:
315:
314:
310:
305:
293:
228:
220:Blaise Compaoré
174:
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171:
157:
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145:
143:
142:
140:Blaise Compaoré
133:
131:
113:
111:
100:
98:
97:
93:
85:
83:
82:
76:
74:
52:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2464:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2425:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2411:attempted coup
2406:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2278:Tunisia (2021)
2274:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2183:Burundi (2015)
2179:
2172:
2169:Lesotho (2014)
2165:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2127:Eritrea (2013)
2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1920:Burundi (2001)
1916:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1839:Burundi (1996)
1835:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1811:Comoros (1995)
1807:
1804:Liberia (1994)
1800:
1797:Lesotho (1994)
1793:
1786:
1779:
1776:Nigeria (1993)
1772:
1765:
1762:Burundi (1993)
1758:
1751:
1748:Algeria (1992)
1744:
1737:
1730:
1727:Lesotho (1991)
1723:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1685:Nigeria (1990)
1681:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1611:Tunisia (1987)
1607:
1600:
1597:Burundi (1987)
1593:
1586:
1579:
1576:Lesotho (1986)
1572:
1569:Liberia (1985)
1565:
1558:
1551:
1548:Nigeria (1985)
1544:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1513:Nigeria (1983)
1509:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1474:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1422:Liberia (1980)
1418:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1355:Comoros (1978)
1351:
1348:Somalia (1978)
1344:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1299:Nigeria (1976)
1295:
1292:Burundi (1976)
1288:
1285:Comoros (1976)
1281:
1274:
1271:Nigeria (1975)
1267:
1260:
1253:
1250:Comoros (1975)
1246:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1201:Morocco (1972)
1197:
1190:
1187:Dahomey (1972)
1183:
1176:
1173:Morocco (1971)
1169:
1162:
1159:Lesotho (1970)
1154:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1137:
1134:Somalia (1969)
1130:
1123:
1116:
1113:Dahomey (1969)
1109:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1085:Algeria (1967)
1081:
1074:
1067:
1064:Dahomey (1967)
1060:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1018:
1011:
1004:
997:
994:Burundi (1965)
990:
987:Dahomey (1965)
983:
980:Algeria (1965)
976:
969:
962:
959:Dahomey (1963)
955:
952:Algeria (1962)
948:
945:Senegal (1962)
941:
938:Somalia (1961)
934:
927:
920:
913:
905:
903:
899:
898:
892:
890:
889:
882:
875:
867:
858:
857:
855:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
658:
655:
654:
652:(1960–present)
637:
635:
634:
627:
620:
612:
603:
602:
600:
599:
594:
593:
592:
587:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
548:
547:
542:
534:
529:
524:
519:
513:
510:
509:
495:
493:
492:
485:
478:
470:
462:
461:
454:
428:
411:New York City
398:
391:
365:
333:
326:
307:
306:
304:
301:
300:
299:
292:
289:
242:Thomas Sankara
227:
224:
189:
188:
153:
151:Charles Taylor
128:
127:
123:
122:
109:
71:
70:
66:
65:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
50:
48:
44:
43:
40:
32:
31:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2465:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2412:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2334:Gambia (2022)
2331:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2285:Guinea (2021)
2282:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2032:Guinea (2008)
2029:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1860:Zambia (1997)
1857:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1832:Guinea (1996)
1829:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1794:
1791:
1790:Gambia (1994)
1787:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1706:Ciskei (1990)
1703:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1692:Zambia (1990)
1689:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1562:Guinea (1985)
1559:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1541:Uganda (1985)
1538:
1535:
1534:Guinea (1984)
1531:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1450:Gambia (1981)
1447:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1341:Angola (1977)
1338:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1229:Uganda (1974)
1226:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1215:Rwanda (1973)
1212:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1166:Uganda (1971)
1163:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1002:
998:
995:
991:
988:
984:
981:
977:
974:
970:
967:
963:
960:
956:
953:
949:
946:
942:
939:
935:
932:
928:
925:
924:Rwanda (1961)
921:
918:
914:
911:
907:
906:
904:
900:
895:
888:
883:
881:
876:
874:
869:
868:
865:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
659:
656:
651:
647:
633:
628:
626:
621:
619:
614:
613:
610:
598:
595:
591:
588:
586:
583:
582:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
567:2014 uprising
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
546:
543:
541:
538:
537:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
514:
511:
506:
502:
498:
491:
486:
484:
479:
477:
472:
471:
468:
457:
455:144-221-261-6
451:
447:
443:
439:
432:
429:
416:
412:
408:
402:
399:
394:
392:148-333-327-2
388:
384:
380:
376:
369:
366:
353:
349:
348:
343:
337:
334:
329:
327:998-716-026-3
323:
319:
312:
309:
302:
298:
295:
294:
290:
288:
286:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
257:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
238:
233:
225:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
206:, planned by
205:
204:
200:
196:
186:
181:
169:
164:
154:
152:
141:
130:
129:
124:
120:
110:
108:
107:United States
96:
95:Supported by:
92:
73:
72:
67:
59:
56:
55:
49:
46:
45:
41:
38:
37:
33:
28:
19:
2410:
2409:no sign for
2355:Gabon (2023)
2348:Niger (2023)
2341:Sudan (2023)
2264:Niger (2021)
2225:Sudan (2019)
2218:Gabon (2019)
2204:Libya (2016)
2162:Libya (2014)
2141:Egypt (2013)
2120:Sudan (2012)
2085:Niger (2011)
2078:Niger (2010)
2046:Sudan (2008)
1983:Sudan (2004)
1888:Niger (1999)
1846:Niger (1996)
1769:Libya (1993)
1734:Sudan (1992)
1713:Venda (1990)
1678:Sudan (1990)
1660:Sudan (1989)
1638:
1625:Benin (1988)
1555:Sudan (1985)
1485:Kenya (1982)
1464:Ghana (1981)
1383:Ghana (1979)
1362:Ghana (1978)
1327:Sudan (1977)
1313:Benin (1977)
1306:Sudan (1976)
1264:Libya (1975)
1257:Sudan (1975)
1236:Niger (1974)
1194:Ghana (1972)
1180:Sudan (1971)
1120:Sudan (1969)
1071:Ghana (1967)
1029:Ghana (1966)
973:Gabon (1964)
894:Coups d'état
650:Burkina Faso
597:2023 attempt
577:2016 attempt
562:2003 attempt
557:1989 attempt
556:
501:Burkina Faso
437:
431:
419:. Retrieved
401:
374:
368:
356:. Retrieved
345:
336:
317:
311:
281:
258:
254:
235:
229:
216:Burkina Faso
201:
194:
192:
94:
69:Belligerents
51:Burkina Faso
2271:Mali (2021)
2250:Mali (2020)
2134:Chad (2013)
2018:Chad (2006)
2004:Togo (2005)
1976:Chad (2004)
1720:Mali (1991)
1699:Chad (1990)
1653:Chad (1989)
1583:Togo (1986)
1278:Chad (1975)
1099:Mali (1968)
1078:Togo (1967)
966:Togo (1963)
505:Upper Volta
421:13 November
358:13 November
352:Los Angeles
273:Ouagadougou
212:Henri Zongo
203:coup d'état
180:Henri Zongo
2427:Categories
303:References
250:Saye Zerbo
138:President
81:Government
2403:self-coup
662:Pre-1960s
590:September
383:CQ Press
291:See also
277:fascists
199:military
119:Military
47:Location
585:January
540:attempt
226:History
121:faction
452:
442:Lanham
389:
324:
182:
165:
104:
57:Result
2242:2020s
2063:2010s
1905:2000s
1670:1990s
1407:1980s
1151:1970s
902:1960s
677:1980s
672:1970s
667:1960s
646:Years
581:2022
536:1983
497:Coups
261:China
852:2024
847:2023
842:2022
837:2021
832:2020
827:2019
822:2018
817:2017
812:2016
807:2015
802:2014
797:2013
792:2012
787:2011
782:2010
777:2009
772:2008
767:2007
762:2006
757:2005
752:2004
747:2003
742:2002
737:2001
732:2000
727:1999
722:1998
717:1997
712:1996
707:1995
702:1994
697:1993
692:1992
687:1991
682:1990
572:2015
552:1987
545:coup
532:1982
527:1980
522:1974
517:1966
450:ISBN
423:2014
387:ISBN
360:2014
322:ISBN
210:and
193:The
91:NPFL
39:Date
648:in
499:in
237:ROC
2429::
444::
440:.
413:.
409:.
381::
377:.
350:.
344:.
287:.
886:e
879:t
872:v
631:e
624:t
617:v
507:)
489:e
482:t
475:v
458:.
425:.
395:.
362:.
330:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
