98:
279:, both declared their candidacy. However, they were unable to register due to obstacles placed in their way by the government: Pulatov failed to gather enough signatures while Utayev was unable to register as his party was not recognized by the government. Pulatov claimed that the government wanted to prevent him from running due to a new election law which required candidates to collect signatures in only few days. Ultimately Salih was the only opposition candidate.
761:
38:
91:
299:
by
Karimov's government, with many violations of regulations and ballot stuffing. In the early election results, Salih had received 30% of vote and Karimov 40%, potentially requiring a second round. However, a few hours later the results were revised to state Karimov was the winner with over 50
282:
Despite having a real opposition candidate, Karimov was expected to win due to his control of government apparatus and state media. Salih was only given 15 minutes airtime on several television stations, while
Karimov's speeches were aired regularly. Salih focused his campaign on promising to
586:
307:
that he had actually received 30% of vote, implying that he had conceded that
Karimov was the winner of the election. However, he also protested the election process was unfair. He later joined Pulatov in demanding fresh elections under a new electoral law in a
230:
The elections were the only presidential elections in
Uzbekistan to date to feature a genuine opposition candidate. Every election since has been considered to feature only token opposition candidates. Karimov later ruled until his death in 2016.
248:
304:
749:
727:
1012:
341:
220:
198:
127:
914:
909:
904:
899:
889:
283:
liberalize the political, social and economic spheres, while
Karimov was focused on sovereignty and the social and spiritual revival of Uzbekistan.
971:
633:
596:
981:
976:
742:
183:
884:
919:
894:
821:
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966:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
611:
240:
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62:
52:
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1002:
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961:
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854:
849:
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839:
834:
829:
1007:
945:
940:
539:
561:"Часть фильма Би-би-си "Полумесяц и звезда — влюблённая в Аллаха Фергана", посвященная оппозиции в Узбекистане"
526:
773:
765:
312:. However, in the end Karimov's regime suppressed the protest and Pulatov and Salih later went into exile.
223:, who won with 87% of the vote. Voter turnout was reported to be 94%. The elections were held alongside an
502:
264:
514:
17:
361:
300:
percent of the vote. Several independent observers claimed that Salih had received over 50% of vote.
272:
132:
295:, beating Salih with just over 87 percent of the vote. However, observers stated the election was
97:
564:
268:
709:
Erk, Uzbekistan's First
Opposition Party, Says It Will Attempt To Field A Presidential Candidate
687:
Erk, Uzbekistan's First
Opposition Party, Says It Will Attempt To Field A Presidential Candidate
592:
474:
292:
296:
645:
309:
356:
260:
115:
996:
466:
336:
216:
194:
179:
109:
259:
Initially several prominent figures were interested in running. Besides
Karimov and
90:
612:
Human Rights and
Democratization in the Newly Independent States ..., Volume 88
760:
560:
515:Президентство на постсоветском пространстве: процессы генезиса и трансформаций
212:
244:
698:
The
Referendum on Independence and Presidential Election in Uzbekistan ...
666:
634:
Uzbekistan: Opposition Erk Party Wants in on October Presidential Election
540:"Би-би-си архивидан: 'Ҳилол ва юлдуз - Оллоҳга ошиқ Фарғона'. 2-қисм"
731:
211:
Direct presidential elections were held for the first time in
527:
Orphaned Dictator: The Making Of Uzbekistan's Islam Karimov
646:"Вечный президент Узбекистан Ислама Каримова: фотоистория"
251:
on 24 March 1990, with 491 votes in favour and 7 against.
215:
on 29 December 1991. Their result was a victory for
954:
930:
820:
772:
73:
170:
469:, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001)
743:
8:
471:Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I
29:
750:
736:
728:
314:
28:
291:Officially, Karimov was re-elected in a
766:Elections and referendums in Uzbekistan
459:
442:
431:
420:
409:
398:
394:
383:
277:Islamic Renaissance Party of Uzbekistan
221:People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan
18:1991 Uzbekistani presidential election
432:
421:
410:
399:
319:
7:
1013:Presidential elections in Uzbekistan
720:Uzbekistan’s International Relations
623:Uzbekistan’s International Relations
25:
263:, a prominent opposition leader,
759:
503:Two Steps Backward In Uzbekistan
96:
89:
36:
30:1991 Uzbek presidential election
667:"Выборы Каримова в Узбекистане"
567:from the original on 2021-12-15
1:
585:Martha Brill Olcott (2012).
243:the first President of the
1029:
588:In the Whirlwind of Jihad
443:
433:Registered voters/turnout
395:
384:
373:
342:People's Democratic Party
328:
325:
322:
175:President before election
168:
81:
46:
34:
563:. BBC Oʻzbek (YouTube).
822:Parliamentary elections
513:Nikolai Borisov (2018)
225:independence referendum
1003:1991 elections in Asia
774:Presidential elections
529:RFERL, 24 March 2015
411:Invalid/blank votes
316:
305:Helsinki Commission
31:
1008:1991 in Uzbekistan
315:
265:Abdurakhim Pulatov
139:Popular vote
990:
989:
598:978-0-87003-259-2
451:
450:
239:Karimov had been
209:
208:
205:
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190:Elected President
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69:
68:
16:(Redirected from
1020:
764:
763:
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745:
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58:29 December 1991
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21:
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1023:
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1021:
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993:
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986:
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931:Local elections
926:
816:
768:
758:
756:
726:
725:
718:
714:
707:
703:
696:
692:
685:
681:
672:
670:
669:. Радио Свобода
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628:
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591:. p. 192.
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497:
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465:
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444:Source: Nohlen
310:student protest
303:Salih told the
289:
273:Abdullah Utayev
257:
237:
197:
192:
182:
177:
169:
42:
37:
35:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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357:Muhammad Salih
354:
351:
350:
347:
344:
339:
334:
331:
330:
327:
324:
321:
297:heavily rigged
288:
285:
261:Muhammad Salih
256:
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249:Supreme Soviet
236:
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207:
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187:
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116:Muhammad Salih
113:
106:
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101:
94:
87:
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66:
60:
55:
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24:
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3:
2:
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479:0-19-924958-X
476:
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468:
467:Dieter Nohlen
463:
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337:Islam Karimov
335:
333:
332:
318:
313:
311:
306:
301:
298:
294:
286:
284:
280:
278:
275:, leader of
274:
270:
266:
262:
254:
252:
250:
246:
242:
234:
232:
228:
226:
222:
218:
217:Islam Karimov
214:
201:
200:
196:
195:Islam Karimov
191:
188:
186:
185:
181:
180:Islam Karimov
176:
173:
172:
167:
159:
157:
154:
151:
150:
146:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
111:
110:Islam Karimov
107:
104:
103:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
84:
80:
76:
72:
65: →
64:
61:
59:
56:
54:
51:←
50:
49:
45:
33:
27:
19:
920:
781:
715:
704:
693:
682:
671:. Retrieved
661:
650:. Retrieved
640:
629:
618:
607:
587:
580:
569:. Retrieved
555:
544:. Retrieved
542:. BBC Oʻzbek
534:
522:
509:
498:
490:
485:
470:
462:
445:
302:
290:
281:
258:
238:
229:
210:
193:
189:
178:
174:
155:
142:
108:
57:
26:
955:Referendums
422:Total votes
400:Valid votes
374:Against all
152:Percentage
997:Categories
967:1991 (Dec)
962:1991 (Mar)
673:2019-10-08
652:2019-10-08
571:2019-11-21
546:2019-11-21
454:References
436:10,515,066
255:Candidates
235:Background
213:Uzbekistan
147:1,220,474
946:2019–2020
941:2014–2015
425:9,900,958
403:9,771,135
388:9,771,135
366:1,220,474
346:8,514,136
320:Candidate
293:landslide
245:Uzbek SSR
143:8,514,136
648:. Meduza
565:Archived
105:Nominee
915:2019–20
910:2014–15
905:2009–10
900:2004–05
890:1994–95
493:., p496
489:Nohlen
473:, p490
414:129,823
287:Results
247:by the
241:elected
219:of the
160:12.49%
86:
74:Turnout
595:
477:
446:et al.
428:100.00
391:100.00
377:36,525
156:87.14%
124:Party
77:94.16%
491:et al
439:94.16
406:98.69
385:Total
369:12.49
349:87.14
326:Votes
323:Party
271:and
269:Unity
267:from
982:2023
977:2002
972:1995
921:2024
895:1999
885:1990
880:1985
875:1980
870:1975
865:1971
860:1967
855:1963
850:1959
845:1955
840:1951
835:1947
830:1937
812:2023
807:2021
802:2016
797:2015
792:2007
787:2000
782:1991
593:ISBN
475:ISBN
417:1.31
380:0.37
184:CPSU
63:2000
53:1990
937:...
517:p35
362:Erk
199:XDP
133:Erk
128:XDP
999::
227:.
751:e
744:t
737:v
676:.
655:.
601:.
574:.
549:.
329:%
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
