233:
390:
279:
405:
377:
244:
296:
353:
340:
320:
216:
255:
1439:
308:
136:
204:
164:
22:
266:
538:
under military protection on June 2. Serrano’s departure provoked another crisis when on June 2 another of his supporters, Vice-President
Gustavo Espina Salguero, proclaimed himself President. Espina was prevented from taking office on the evening of June 2 when only 44 deputies attended Congress to
522:
had severely overestimated his support from the military and underestimated the international diplomatic reaction to his coup. Furthermore, his move had the unintended effect of catalyzing opposition not only to his leadership but to the whole structure of backroom military power that he had hoped
500:
In the early morning hours of
Tuesday May 25, 1993, President Jorge Serrano Elías suspended the Constitution, dissolved the Congress, disbanded the Supreme Court, and declared himself
39:
543:
ruled that Espina was not eligible for the presidency due to his support for
Serrano’s coup. The Court ordered the Congress to reconvene and elect a new President within 24 hours.
534:
In one last bid to stay in office, Serrano tried to recall the
Congress which he had dissolved in May. Few responded and Serrano was forced to step down. He subsequently fled to
1476:
2583:
1391:
1034:
1346:
1009:
848:
464:, but unlike Fujimori's, had no popular support: Serrano's action met with strong protests by most elements of Guatemalan society, at the forefront of which was the
989:
1334:
613:
Fischer, Edward F. Cultural logics and global economies: Maya identity in thought and practice. Austin: University of Texas Press, Austin. 2001. Pp. 78-79.
1329:
650:
2623:
969:
685:
680:
2618:
1883:
728:
86:
2376:
1469:
833:
382:
2608:
604:
McCleary, Rachel M. Dictating democracy: Guatemala and the end of violent revolution. Gainesville: University Press of
Florida. 1999. Pp. 105-148.
58:
2540:
485:. However, Espina was judged by the Constitutional Court to have been involved in the coup as well, and Congress replaced him with Human Rights
949:
513:
283:
1361:
1235:
478:
condemned the autogolpe) and the army's enforcement of the decisions of the
Constitutional Court, which ruled against the attempted takeover.
2438:
2433:
741:
736:
481:
In the face of this pressure, Serrano resigned as president and fled the country. He was replaced on an interim basis by his vice president,
442:
259:
237:
65:
763:
2603:
1314:
2298:
1160:
1004:
2371:
1462:
1029:
457:
72:
788:
528:
1628:
1089:
1054:
783:
2054:
540:
248:
225:
105:
2484:
2417:
2396:
2356:
2351:
2336:
2315:
2160:
2130:
2125:
2105:
2100:
2064:
2024:
2019:
1994:
1925:
1915:
1895:
1786:
1715:
1539:
1240:
934:
54:
2412:
2277:
2229:
2150:
2135:
2115:
2049:
2034:
2014:
1890:
1857:
1806:
1761:
1700:
1504:
1153:
913:
893:
888:
868:
2535:
1968:
1443:
1386:
1351:
1341:
1135:
903:
675:
475:
409:
301:
2519:
2341:
2287:
2267:
2214:
2170:
2165:
2145:
2140:
2120:
1951:
1920:
1791:
1771:
1695:
1649:
1633:
1613:
1591:
1371:
1366:
1319:
1255:
1185:
1120:
1104:
1049:
908:
873:
808:
768:
643:
2613:
2059:
1946:
1781:
1586:
1381:
1376:
1230:
1220:
1099:
984:
43:
2509:
2422:
2303:
2239:
1984:
1669:
1654:
1301:
1286:
1094:
1024:
918:
823:
818:
723:
708:
595:
Dosal, Paul J. Power in transition: the rise of
Guatemala’s industrial oligarchy, 1871-1994. Westport: Praeger. 1995. Pp. 1.
1618:
1596:
2628:
2598:
1842:
1726:
1608:
1296:
1276:
1148:
1140:
1074:
994:
944:
883:
843:
838:
703:
582:
Barry S. Levitt (2006), "A Desultory
Defense of Democracy: OAS Resolution 1080 and the Inter-American Democratic Charter,
270:
140:
Serrano (right) addresses a press conference after seizing power in a military-backed surprise coup de force, 25 May 1993
2504:
2489:
2468:
2391:
2381:
2272:
2224:
2009:
1731:
1705:
1125:
974:
939:
858:
2004:
1044:
560:
523:
would support him, bringing together an unlikely coalition of progressive business interests, human rights groups, and
1215:
959:
798:
2282:
2110:
1935:
1930:
1910:
1847:
1811:
1776:
1710:
1565:
1534:
1529:
1519:
1509:
1200:
1064:
713:
2191:
1958:
1454:
2588:
2456:
2366:
2207:
2044:
1862:
1801:
1690:
1549:
1396:
1291:
1260:
1250:
1165:
1130:
1069:
1019:
828:
813:
773:
756:
636:
79:
1905:
1796:
1749:
1664:
1623:
1570:
1544:
1514:
32:
2593:
2499:
2386:
2186:
2029:
1989:
1754:
1736:
1674:
1356:
1225:
1205:
1195:
1180:
1170:
1059:
1014:
979:
964:
954:
898:
853:
505:
394:
2202:
2074:
2069:
1766:
1210:
1190:
878:
793:
718:
398:
1963:
2451:
2320:
1306:
1281:
1175:
863:
751:
471:
417:
1821:
1659:
1079:
803:
519:
509:
430:
345:
220:
2039:
1878:
1245:
438:
2310:
2244:
2155:
1816:
1084:
1039:
127:
628:
2079:
1575:
1999:
437:
or autogolpe. On
Tuesday May 25, 1993, Serrano illegally suspended the constitution, dissolved
2346:
1900:
1485:
1427:
1418:
659:
524:
489:
2494:
2084:
1873:
1852:
461:
1603:
466:
450:
365:
135:
2219:
1524:
999:
482:
358:
313:
2577:
2361:
325:
2514:
185:
Espina removed from office by the
Congress of Guatemala; replaced by Ramiro de León
1867:
535:
21:
182:
President Jorge Serrano Elías resigns; Gustavo Espina becomes interim president
2234:
446:
2556:
2427:
1826:
1489:
1431:
1410:
663:
486:
434:
169:
1940:
1580:
501:
504:
for the next two-and-a-half years. He also suspended 59 articles of the
2292:
2260:
2196:
2255:
516:
to convoke elections for a National Constituent Assembly in 60 days.
1743:
1720:
2445:
2249:
561:"Primeros años de Roxana Baldetti en la política – Prensa Libre"
1458:
632:
15:
586:, Volume 48, Issue 3, September 2006, Pages: 93–123. pp104-5
622:
Keesing’s record of world events June 1993. Pp. 39503.
474:. This was combined with international pressure (the
2528:
2477:
2405:
2329:
2179:
2093:
1977:
1835:
1683:
1642:
1558:
1497:
1269:
1113:
927:
696:
527:activists that would play an important role in the
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1492:, and attempted coups in the Americas since 1900
120:
1470:
644:
8:
1477:
1463:
1455:
651:
637:
629:
134:
117:
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
578:
576:
574:
572:
570:
539:approve his swearing-in. On June 4, the
1392:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2024)
1035:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2004)
552:
429:took place in 1993 when then President
55:"1993 Guatemalan constitutional crisis"
121:1993 Guatemalan constitutional crisis
7:
2584:1990s coups d'état and coup attempts
456:The attempted self-coup was similar
427:1993 Guatemala constitutional crisis
44:adding citations to reliable sources
584:Latin American Politics and Society
470:newspaper under the leadership of
14:
2624:June 1993 events in North America
2619:May 1993 events in North America
1438:
1437:
666:, and attempted coups since 1991
403:
388:
375:
351:
338:
318:
306:
294:
277:
264:
253:
242:
231:
214:
202:
162:
20:
1282:Central African Republic (2021)
1176:Central African Republic (2013)
990:Central African Republic (2003)
970:Central African Republic (2001)
676:List of coups and coup attempts
476:Organization of American States
302:Organization of American States
31:needs additional citations for
2609:Political history of Guatemala
271:Attorney General of the Nation
1:
1347:São Tomé and Príncipe (2022)
1010:São Tomé and Príncipe (2003)
849:São Tomé and Príncipe (1995)
2604:Military coups in Guatemala
152:May 25, 1993 – June 5, 1993
2645:
2413:Trinidad and Tobago (1990)
541:Court of Constitutionality
514:Supreme Electoral Tribunal
284:Supreme Electoral Tribunal
2549:
2136:Dominican Republic (1963)
1405:
671:
395:Arturo Herbruger Asturias
331:
195:
144:
133:
125:
1030:Equatorial Guinea (2004)
449:, and tried to restrict
260:Supreme Court of Justice
506:Guatemalan Constitution
1444:Plots and conspiracies
950:Solomon Islands (2000)
410:Jorge García Laguardia
332:Commanders and leaders
274:Chief Attorney General
221:President of Guatemala
2614:Constitutional crises
814:Bophuthatswana (1994)
399:Ramiro de León Carpio
371:Arturo Alvarado Pérez
2629:Attempted self-coups
2599:Guatemalan Civil War
1387:Guinea-Bissau (2023)
1342:Guinea-Bissau (2022)
1326:Burkina Faso (2022)
1161:Guinea-Bissau (2012)
1136:Guinea-Bissau (2011)
1005:Guinea-Bissau (2003)
980:Côte d'Ivoire (2002)
955:Côte d'Ivoire (2001)
919:Côte d'Ivoire (1999)
904:Guinea-Bissau (1998)
508:. At the same time,
383:Epaminondas González
249:Constitutional Court
226:Council of Ministers
128:Guatemalan Civil War
40:improve this article
1969:Paraguay (Sep 1949)
1382:Sierra Leone (2023)
1377:Burkina Faso (2023)
1231:Burkina Faso (2016)
1221:Burkina Faso (2015)
985:Burkina Faso (2003)
764:Sierra Leone (1992)
729:Georgia (1991–1992)
719:Soviet Union (1991)
431:Jorge Serrano Elías
346:Jorge Serrano Elías
287:Guatemalan populace
2316:El Salvador (1979)
2225:El Salvador (1972)
2106:El Salvador (1961)
2101:El Salvador (1960)
1931:El Salvador (1948)
1716:El Salvador (1931)
1080:Philippines (2007)
1000:Philippines (2003)
2589:1993 in Guatemala
2571:
2570:
2382:Panama (Mar 1988)
1629:Costa Rica (1917)
1452:
1451:
1141:Bangladesh (2011)
1126:Madagascar (2010)
1100:Madagascar (2009)
1090:Mauritania (2008)
1070:Madagascar (2006)
1055:Mauritania (2005)
995:Mauritania (2003)
884:Bangladesh (1996)
839:Azerbaijan (1995)
784:Azerbaijan (1993)
733:Venezuela (1992)
529:1996 Peace Accord
472:José Rubén Zamora
423:
422:
418:José Rubén Zamora
369:Francisco Perdomo
191:
190:
116:
115:
108:
90:
2636:
2594:1993 in politics
2505:Venezuela (2002)
2464:Guatemala (1993)
2377:Haiti (Sep 1988)
2372:Haiti (Jun 1988)
2357:Guatemala (1983)
2352:Guatemala (1982)
2278:Argentina (1976)
2240:Chile (Sep 1973)
2235:Chile (Jun 1973)
2156:Argentina (1966)
2126:Guatemala (1963)
2116:Argentina (1962)
2065:Venezuela (1958)
2055:Guatemala (1957)
2030:Argentina (1955)
2025:Guatemala (1954)
1990:Argentina (1951)
1926:Venezuela (1948)
1916:Nicaragua (1947)
1896:Venezuela (1945)
1858:Argentina (1943)
1787:Nicaragua (1936)
1701:Argentina (1930)
1619:Haiti (Nov 1914)
1609:Haiti (Jan 1914)
1540:Venezuela (1908)
1479:
1472:
1465:
1456:
1441:
1440:
975:Venezuela (2002)
804:Lithuania (1993)
779:Guatemala (1993)
653:
646:
639:
630:
623:
620:
614:
611:
605:
602:
596:
593:
587:
580:
565:
564:
557:
462:Alberto Fujimori
408:
407:
406:
393:
392:
391:
380:
379:
378:
363:Aída de Castillo
356:
355:
354:
343:
342:
341:
324:
322:
321:
312:
310:
309:
300:
298:
297:
282:
281:
280:
269:
268:
267:
258:
257:
256:
247:
246:
245:
236:
235:
234:
219:
218:
217:
209:Executive branch
207:
206:
205:
168:
166:
165:
146:
145:
138:
118:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2553:successful coup
2545:
2524:
2520:Honduras (2009)
2490:Paraguay (2000)
2473:
2469:Paraguay (1996)
2418:Suriname (1990)
2401:
2397:Paraguay (1989)
2347:Dominica (1981)
2337:Suriname (1980)
2325:
2288:Honduras (1978)
2268:Honduras (1975)
2215:Honduras (1972)
2175:
2141:Honduras (1963)
2089:
2050:Colombia (1957)
2045:Honduras (1956)
2020:Paraguay (1954)
2015:Colombia (1953)
1973:
1959:Colombia (1949)
1936:Paraguay (1948)
1843:Paraguay (1940)
1831:
1812:Paraguay (1937)
1782:Paraguay (1936)
1679:
1638:
1566:Paraguay (1911)
1554:
1535:Paraguay (1908)
1530:Paraguay (1905)
1520:Paraguay (1904)
1510:Paraguay (1902)
1505:Colombia (1900)
1493:
1483:
1453:
1448:
1435:
1401:
1265:
1261:Ethiopia (2019)
1241:Zimbabwe (2017)
1211:Yemen (2014–15)
1201:Thailand (2014)
1109:
1105:Honduras (2009)
1065:Thailand (2006)
940:Paraguay (2000)
923:
914:Pakistan (1999)
889:Cambodia (1997)
859:Paraguay (1996)
834:Cambodia (1994)
714:Thailand (1991)
692:
667:
657:
627:
626:
621:
617:
612:
608:
603:
599:
594:
590:
581:
568:
559:
558:
554:
549:
498:
467:Siglo Veintiuno
460:carried out by
416:
412:
404:
402:
401:
397:
389:
387:
386:
376:
374:
370:
368:
366:Roxana Baldetti
364:
362:
352:
350:
349:
339:
337:
319:
317:
316:
307:
305:
304:
295:
293:
292:
288:
286:
278:
276:
275:
273:
265:
263:
262:
254:
252:
251:
243:
241:
240:
232:
230:
223:
215:
213:
211:
203:
201:
172:
163:
161:
139:
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
2642:
2640:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2576:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2563:attempted coup
2559:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2541:Bolivia (2024)
2538:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2485:Ecuador (2000)
2481:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2367:Bolivia (1984)
2364:
2362:Grenada (1983)
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2342:Bolivia (1980)
2339:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2321:Bolivia (1979)
2318:
2313:
2311:Grenada (1979)
2308:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2290:
2285:
2283:Ecuador (1976)
2280:
2275:
2273:Ecuador (1975)
2270:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2247:
2245:Bolivia (1974)
2242:
2237:
2232:
2230:Uruguay (1973)
2227:
2222:
2220:Ecuador (1972)
2217:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2194:
2192:Bolivia (1970)
2189:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2171:Bolivia (1969)
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2146:Bolivia (1964)
2143:
2138:
2133:
2131:Ecuador (1963)
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2111:Ecuador (1961)
2108:
2103:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2075:Bolivia (1959)
2072:
2070:Bolivia (1958)
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2010:Bolivia (1952)
2007:
2002:
2000:Bolivia (1951)
1997:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1964:Bolivia (1949)
1961:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1911:Ecuador (1947)
1908:
1903:
1901:Bolivia (1946)
1898:
1893:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1865:
1863:Bolivia (1943)
1860:
1855:
1853:Uruguay (1942)
1850:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1802:Bolivia (1937)
1799:
1797:Ecuador (1936)
1794:
1792:Bolivia (1936)
1789:
1784:
1779:
1777:Ecuador (1935)
1774:
1772:Bolivia (1934)
1769:
1764:
1762:Uruguay (1933)
1759:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1691:Bolivia (1930)
1687:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1675:Ecuador (1925)
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1650:Bolivia (1920)
1646:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1474:
1467:
1459:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1423:
1415:
1413:or its attempt
1406:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1397:Bolivia (2024)
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1309:
1307:Tunisia (2021)
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1287:Myanmar (2021)
1284:
1279:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1216:Burundi (2015)
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1171:Eritrea (2013)
1168:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
960:Burundi (2001)
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
935:Ecuador (2000)
931:
929:
925:
924:
922:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
869:Burundi (1996)
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
829:Liberia (1994)
826:
824:Lesotho (1994)
821:
816:
811:
809:Nigeria (1993)
806:
801:
799:Burundi (1993)
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
769:Algeria (1992)
766:
761:
760:
759:
754:
746:
745:
744:
739:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
709:Lesotho (1991)
706:
700:
698:
694:
693:
691:
690:
689:
688:
683:
672:
669:
668:
658:
656:
655:
648:
641:
633:
625:
624:
615:
606:
597:
588:
566:
551:
550:
548:
545:
531:negotiations.
512:called on the
497:
494:
490:Ramiro de León
483:Gustavo Espina
421:
420:
372:
359:Gustavo Espina
334:
333:
329:
328:
314:United Nations
228:
198:
197:
193:
192:
189:
188:
187:
186:
183:
178:
174:
173:
160:
158:
154:
153:
150:
142:
141:
131:
130:
123:
122:
114:
113:
28:
26:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2641:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2564:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2392:Panama (1989)
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2161:Panama (1968)
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2151:Brazil (1964)
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2080:Brazil (1959)
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2040:Brazil (1956)
2038:
2036:
2035:Brazil (1955)
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1995:Panama (1951)
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1891:Brazil (1945)
1889:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1848:Panama (1941)
1846:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1817:Brazil (1938)
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1807:Brazil (1937)
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1711:Panama (1931)
1709:
1707:
1706:Brazil (1930)
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1660:Brazil (1922)
1658:
1656:
1655:Mexico (1920)
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1604:Mexico (1913)
1602:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1576:Mexico (1911)
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1525:Brazil (1904)
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1480:
1475:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1445:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1357:Gambia (2022)
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1311:Sudan (2021)
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1302:Guinea (2021)
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1226:Turkey (2016)
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1206:Gambia (2014)
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1095:Guinea (2008)
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
932:
930:
926:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
899:Zambia (1997)
897:
895:
894:Turkey (1997)
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
854:Guinea (1996)
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
819:Gambia (1994)
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
789:Russia (1993)
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
758:
755:
753:
750:
749:
747:
743:
740:
738:
735:
734:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
701:
699:
695:
687:
684:
682:
679:
678:
677:
674:
673:
670:
665:
661:
654:
649:
647:
642:
640:
635:
634:
631:
619:
616:
610:
607:
601:
598:
592:
589:
585:
579:
577:
575:
573:
571:
567:
562:
556:
553:
546:
544:
542:
537:
532:
530:
526:
521:
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
495:
493:
491:
488:
484:
479:
477:
473:
469:
468:
463:
459:
454:
452:
451:civil freedom
448:
444:
443:Supreme Court
440:
436:
432:
428:
419:
415:
411:
400:
396:
385:
384:
373:
367:
361:
360:
348:
347:
336:
335:
330:
327:
326:United States
315:
303:
291:
290:Supported by:
285:
272:
261:
250:
239:
229:
227:
222:
210:
200:
199:
194:
184:
181:
180:
179:
176:
175:
171:
159:
156:
155:
151:
148:
147:
143:
137:
132:
129:
124:
119:
110:
107:
99:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
2562:
2561:no sign for
2510:Haiti (2004)
2500:Haiti (2001)
2463:
2423:Haiti (1991)
2387:Haiti (1989)
2187:Haiti (1970)
2060:Haiti (1958)
1985:Haiti (1950)
1906:Haiti (1946)
1827:Chile (1939)
1822:Chile (1938)
1670:Chile (1925)
1665:Chile (1924)
1624:Haiti (1915)
1571:Haiti (1911)
1545:Haiti (1908)
1515:Haiti (1902)
1425:
1417:
1409:
1372:Gabon (2023)
1367:Niger (2023)
1362:Sudan (2023)
1292:Niger (2021)
1256:Sudan (2019)
1251:Gabon (2019)
1246:Yemen (2018)
1236:Libya (2016)
1196:Libya (2014)
1191:Libya (2013)
1186:Egypt (2013)
1166:Sudan (2012)
1145:Mali (2012)
1131:Niger (2011)
1121:Niger (2010)
1085:Sudan (2008)
1045:Nepal (2005)
1025:Haiti (2004)
1020:Sudan (2004)
965:Haiti (2001)
909:Niger (1999)
879:Qatar (1996)
874:Niger (1996)
844:Qatar (1995)
794:Libya (1993)
778:
774:Sudan (1992)
748:Peru (1992)
724:Haiti (1991)
618:
609:
600:
591:
583:
555:
533:
518:
499:
480:
465:
455:
433:attempted a
426:
424:
413:
381:
357:
344:
289:
208:
196:Belligerents
126:Part of the
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
2536:Peru (2022)
2515:Peru (2005)
2495:Peru (2000)
2166:Peru (1968)
2121:Peru (1962)
2085:Cuba (1959)
2005:Cuba (1952)
1921:Peru (1948)
1868:El Salvador
1767:Cuba (1933)
1696:Peru (1930)
1634:Peru (1919)
1614:Peru (1914)
1550:Peru (1909)
1426:Successful
1352:Peru (2022)
1297:Mali (2021)
1277:Mali (2020)
1181:Chad (2013)
1075:Fiji (2006)
1060:Chad (2006)
1050:Togo (2005)
1040:Peru (2005)
1015:Chad (2004)
945:Fiji (2000)
864:Iraq (1996)
704:Mali (1991)
536:El Salvador
2578:Categories
1490:self-coups
1436:See also:
686:since 2010
681:by country
664:self-coups
547:References
458:to the one
447:censorship
445:, imposed
66:newspapers
2557:self-coup
2428:Venezuela
1755:September
1732:September
1432:self-coup
1411:Self-coup
1335:September
1315:September
496:Self-coup
487:Ombudsman
435:self-coup
170:Guatemala
2457:November
2439:November
2434:February
2304:November
2256:February
1952:February
1941:Paraguay
1737:December
1592:February
1581:Paraguay
757:November
742:November
737:February
502:dictator
441:and the
439:Congress
238:Congress
157:Location
96:May 2023
2448:(1992)
2430:(1992)
2295:(1978)
2293:Bolivia
2252:(1975)
2203:January
2199:(1971)
2197:Bolivia
1947:January
1943:(1949)
1884:October
1870:(1944)
1746:(1932)
1723:(1931)
1587:January
1583:(1912)
1421:attempt
1330:January
1320:October
520:Serrano
510:Serrano
414:Others:
80:scholar
2261:August
2208:August
1442:
323:
311:
299:
177:Result
167:
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
2529:2020s
2478:2000s
2452:April
2406:1990s
2330:1980s
2180:1970s
2094:1960s
1978:1950s
1874:April
1836:1940s
1744:Chile
1721:Chile
1684:1930s
1643:1920s
1597:March
1559:1910s
1498:1900s
1486:Coups
1270:2020s
1154:April
1149:March
1114:2010s
928:2000s
752:April
697:1990s
660:Coups
87:JSTOR
73:books
2446:Peru
2299:July
2250:Peru
1750:June
1727:July
1428:coup
1419:Coup
525:Maya
425:The
149:Date
59:news
1879:May
1430:or
42:by
2580::
1488:,
662:,
569:^
492:.
453:.
224:*
212:*
1478:e
1471:t
1464:v
652:e
645:t
638:v
563:.
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
