555:"A remarkable challenge to Milošević unfolded in the street of Belgrade in December , led by three politicians who banded together in a movement called Zajedno, or the Together Movement. For weeks, hundreds of thousands of Belgrade citizens braved subfreezing weather to call for democracy. But Washington missed a chance to affect events; except for one ineffectual trip to Washington, Zajedno had no contact with senior American government officials, and the Administrations sent no senior officials to Belgrade for fear that their visits would be used by Milošević to show support. For the first time in eighteen months, Milošević felt no significant American pressure, and turned back towards the extreme nationalists, including
446:, the mayor of Belgrade and an SPS member, claimed to have criticized the government's idea of counter-protesting, but that a majority of the SPS party board supported it. Milošević allegedly ordered police to stay disengaged from the counter-protest. Čović suggested to other SPS members that the counter-protest was risky, and defied Milošević's orders by calling in riot police. Čović was subsequently kicked out of the SPS in January 1997. He stood by his decision years later, claiming that civil war could have begun if it were not for the intervention of riot police that night.
1246:
1234:
531:, Milan Božić, a math professor who met with Bennahum to discuss internet access in Yugoslavia, claimed that Bennahum endangered him and Milić by publishing their names in his article, adding that there had been an agreement to keep their identities hidden from the authorities. Milić also commented for
501:
called the "Data
Conflicts: Cyberspace and the Geo-Politics of Eastern Europe", after which Milić invited him to apply for a visa to visit Yugoslavia during the protests. Bennahum applied, eventually entered Yugoslavia and wrote about his experience and the alleged role of the internet in the protest
438:
supporter Živko Sandić. Although Lazović survived, he ended up with an arm and a leg paralyzed after a life-saving operation in the emergency room. Lazović eventually met Sandić in court, where he asked him, "brother, why did you shoot me?" Sandić allegedly replied, "I don't know", and Lazović
524:
recorded these internet streams and broadcast them back to
Belgrade through short-wave frequencies, whose signals were picked up by the radio. At the time of the protests, at least 8 million people were living in Yugoslavia, of which no more than 10,000 had access to the internet. Speaking to
474:
In
January 1997, a large column of riot police blocked off Kolarčeva street in Belgrade for several weeks, in spite of the continuation of a standoff with the student protesters. However, on 27 January 1997 the riot police opened Kolarčeva street, after which
458:, during which the police fired water cannons at the protesters, even though the outside temperature was −6 °C (21 °F). Vesna Pešić, leader of the Civic Alliance of Serbia, was hit by the police on the same night. According to
776:
427:. Milošević spoke to the crowd in Terazije, telling them "Serbia will not be controlled by someone else's hand". The crowd chanted "Slobo, we love you", to which Milošević replied, "I love you too".
652:
483:. Contrary to what was reported at the time, the riot police left Kolarčeva street several hours before, as they anticipated the Patriarch and the crowd he would take to the Church of Saint Sava.
1281:
1078:
407:", which accepted the opposition victory and instated local government in several cities, but without acknowledging any wrongdoing. The protests were strongest in the capital
1348:
1333:
716:
462:, 29 protesters ended up in the Urgent Care emergency room, while the "Anlave" clinic received 50 patients that night. After the incident, Yugoslav Left spokesman
1323:
559:, for support. His tactical skills saved him again, and within weeks, the Together Movement was together no more, as its leaders split among themselves."
876:
547:
466:
said: "They complain that the police used water cannons on the protesters at -10°C. Well, they're not going to pour hot water on them, are they?"
382:
During the course of the rallies, students held their protests separately from the citizens' ones, led by opposition then gathered in coalition
223:
580:
1129:
1338:
353:
1154:
369:
45:
1208:
215:
988:
1088:
968:
575:
1183:
842:
434:
named
Predrag Starčević was beaten to death. Another SPO protester, Ivica Lazović, was shot in the head the same night by a
806:
745:
376:
1288:
1224:
570:
93:
36:
1328:
388:(Together). The students' protest lasted until 22 March 1997, with additional requests of replacing the management of
546:
commented on the issue in his memoirs, recalling that the
Americans were not able to support the protests due to the
1259:
203:
600:
435:
365:
238:
228:
198:
403:
students joined on 19 November 1996 and protests lasted even after 11 February 1997, when Milošević signed the "
614:
476:
431:
193:
188:
372:
280:
1308:
1303:
884:
442:
After the 24 December violence the government banned all street protests in
Belgrade from 26 December 1996.
120:
1343:
1318:
1313:
439:
forgave him in person, saying "if my sacrifice was needed to prevent civil war in Serbia, then so be it."
389:
556:
443:
288:
430:
The 24 December protests in
Terazije resulted in massive riots, during which a young protester from the
357:
942:
273:
480:
125:
479:
and other members of the
Serbian Orthodox clergy led a silent crowd of approximately 300,000 to the
912:
535:, stating that Bennahum "severely exaggerated" the role of the internet in the 1996–1997 protests.
400:
284:
265:
454:
On the night of 2–3 February 1997 a confrontation occurred between riot police and protesters on
384:
1137:
455:
1275:
1204:
1109:
543:
269:
411:, where they gathered up to 200,000 people, but spread over most cities and towns in Serbia.
1048:
517:
493:
463:
17:
1162:
49:
Students marching in
Belgrade in November 1996, carrying the "Belgrade is the world" banner
973:
361:
135:
1297:
1250:
404:
399:
where thousands of opposition supporters gathered to protest against election fraud.
243:
1238:
1179:
497:
journalist David
Bennahum met philosophy professor Novica Milić at a conference in
44:
814:
753:
1011:
79:
1083:
1043:
527:
1081:[Welcome to Serbia, the country of the first internet revolution].
1233:
681:
516:
after it had been censored by the Yugoslav government on 3 December 1996.
424:
408:
75:
67:
498:
349:
396:
71:
1158:
506:. Bennahum wrote about the existence of an internet stream called
352:
opposition parties organized a series of peaceful protests in the
130:
521:
512:
1130:"Serbian Response to Tyranny: Take the Movement to the Web"
1180:"Protests in Belgrade and throughout Yugoslavia—1996/1997"
1289:
The website dedicated to 10th anniversary of the protest
719:
Studenti su ozbiljno uzdrmali režim Slobodana Miloševića
470:
Kolarčeva street protest and the Serbian Orthodox Church
969:"At least 40 hurt as riot police clash with protesters"
1079:"Dobrodošli u Srbiju, zemlju prve internet revolucije"
1222:
548:
transitional period to the Clinton II Administration
423:("For Serbia") organized a large counter-protest in
419:
On 24 December 1996 the government coalition called
348:
In the winter of 1996–1997, university students and
324:
297:
256:
155:
143:
114:
102:
86:
62:
54:
29:
621:, the acronym for the movement's name in Serbian,
1280:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
510:, which broadcast the independent radio station
552:
108:Recognition of the 1996 local election results
8:
1262:. Archived from the original on 11 June 2007
989:"Razvojni put Minpukija: Izjave za pamćenje"
809:Deset Miloševićevih godina u deset slika (7)
752:(in Serbian). April 15, 2000. Archived from
395:The protests started on 17 November 1996 in
1260:"The original website of Students' protest"
149:1996 local election results were recognized
1349:1997 in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
1334:1996 in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
92:Refusal of incumbent parties to recognize
43:
26:
1201:Protest in Belgrade: Winter of Discontent
1037:
1035:
1033:
1229:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
634:
392:and return of the university autonomy.
1273:
936:
934:
800:
798:
740:
738:
676:
674:
1324:Protests against results of elections
1203:. Central European University Press.
1178:Balkan Peace Team (23 January 1997).
945:Vodeni topovi na minus šest (11. deo)
906:
904:
902:
870:
868:
866:
864:
836:
834:
832:
711:
709:
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
7:
1153:Milan Milošević (15 February 1997).
1010:Tamara Skrozza (December 22, 2005).
646:
644:
642:
640:
638:
315:From 30,000 up to 50,000 in Belgrade
1042:Bennahum, David S. (1 April 1997).
915:"Kordonom protiv kordona" (10. deo)
911:Siniša Dedeić (November 30, 2011).
805:Slobodanka Ast (November 6, 1999).
775:Bojan Bilbija (December 25, 2006).
682:""Magazin NIN — 2404, 24 JAN 1997""
651:Čedomir Antić (November 24, 2006).
941:Siniša Dedeić (December 1, 2011).
875:O. Radulović (December 23, 2006).
502:mobilization in an article called
25:
1244:
1232:
1128:Chris Hedges (8 December 1996).
1077:Prelević, Marko (1 March 2016).
841:Z. Nikolić (December 25, 2006).
58:17 November 1996 – 22 March 1997
1186:from the original on 4 May 2007
723:(in Serbian). November 17, 2016
581:Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević
576:March 1991 protests in Belgrade
173:Student and civilian protesters
991:(in Serbian). 13 December 2021
684:(in Serbian). January 24, 1997
358:Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
1:
977:. 3 February 1997. p. 1.
1087:(in Serbian). Archived from
883:(in Serbian). Archived from
813:(in Serbian). Archived from
746:"Vreme br. 484. Vreme 2000:
571:Anti-bureaucratic revolution
487:Alleged role of the internet
37:1996 Serbian local elections
30:1996–1997 protests in Serbia
18:1996-1997 protests in Serbia
1182:. Hartford Web Publishing.
217:Government of FR Yugoslavia
1365:
1339:Student protests in Serbia
608:
594:
450:Protest on Branko's Bridge
308:Up to 500,000 in Belgrade
204:Democratic Party of Serbia
168:Anti-government protesters
1044:"The Internet Revolution"
601:Socialist Party of Serbia
504:"The Internet Revolution"
366:Socialist Party of Serbia
329:
302:
261:
239:Socialist Party of Serbia
160:
42:
34:
615:Serbian Renewal Movement
194:Civic Alliance of Serbia
189:Serbian Renewal Movement
779:Srbija nadmudrila režim
748:Šta će biti 15. aprila?
1199:Lazić, Mladen (1999).
655:David pobedio Golijata
603:is abbreviated as SPS.
562:
449:
390:University of Belgrade
224:State Security Service
177:Opposition parties:
1014:Skromnost i tumačenja
325:Casualties and losses
1140:on February 20, 2006
1114:To End a War, p. 345
623:Srpski pokret obnove
481:Church of Saint Sava
377:1996 local elections
310:Up to 150,000 in Niš
234:Government parties:
94:1996 local elections
845:Glava jača od metka
401:Belgrade University
1329:Protests in Serbia
1134:The New York Times
887:on August 14, 2017
756:on January 6, 2010
617:is abbreviated as
373:Slobodan Milošević
356:(then part of the
354:Republic of Serbia
335:1 protester killed
281:Slobodan Milošević
1110:Richard Holbrooke
544:Richard Holbrooke
364:attempted by the
360:) in response to
346:
345:
342:
341:
320:
319:
252:
251:
16:(Redirected from
1356:
1285:
1279:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1237:
1236:
1228:
1214:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1161:. Archived from
1149:
1147:
1145:
1136:. Archived from
1116:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1091:on 30 March 2019
1074:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1039:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1007:
1001:
1000:
998:
996:
985:
979:
978:
965:
959:
958:
956:
954:
938:
929:
928:
926:
924:
908:
897:
896:
894:
892:
872:
859:
858:
856:
854:
838:
827:
826:
824:
822:
807:"Vreme br. 461:
802:
793:
792:
790:
788:
772:
766:
765:
763:
761:
742:
733:
732:
730:
728:
713:
694:
693:
691:
689:
678:
669:
668:
666:
664:
648:
612:
598:
518:Voice of America
464:Aleksandar Vulin
415:Counter-protests
331:
330:
304:
303:
285:Mirjana Marković
229:Police of Serbia
199:Democratic Party
162:
161:
47:
27:
21:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1294:
1293:
1272:
1265:
1263:
1258:
1255:
1245:
1243:
1231:
1223:
1221:
1211:
1198:
1189:
1187:
1177:
1168:
1166:
1165:on 22 June 2008
1152:
1143:
1141:
1127:
1124:
1119:
1108:
1104:
1094:
1092:
1076:
1075:
1064:
1054:
1052:
1041:
1040:
1031:
1021:
1019:
1009:
1008:
1004:
994:
992:
987:
986:
982:
974:The Irish Times
967:
966:
962:
952:
950:
940:
939:
932:
922:
920:
910:
909:
900:
890:
888:
877:"Press Online:
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873:
862:
852:
850:
840:
839:
830:
820:
818:
804:
803:
796:
786:
784:
774:
773:
769:
759:
757:
744:
743:
736:
726:
724:
715:
714:
697:
687:
685:
680:
679:
672:
662:
660:
650:
649:
636:
632:
606:
592:
589:
567:
541:
491:In early 1997,
489:
477:Patriarch Pavle
472:
456:Branko's Bridge
452:
417:
362:electoral fraud
336:
316:
311:
309:
293:
292:
287:
283:
277:
272:
268:
248:
210:
136:Police violence
82:
78:
74:
70:
50:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1362:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1309:1997 in Serbia
1306:
1304:1996 in Serbia
1296:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1254:
1253:
1241:
1220:
1219:External links
1217:
1216:
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1175:
1150:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1102:
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1002:
980:
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898:
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828:
817:on May 4, 2010
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1344:Yugoslav Wars
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1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1319:1997 protests
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1314:1996 protests
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1302:
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444:Nebojša Čović
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405:lex specialis
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289:Nebojša Čović
286:
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266:Vuk Drašković
260:
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244:Yugoslav Left
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53:
46:
41:
38:
33:
28:
19:
1264:. Retrieved
1200:
1188:. Retrieved
1167:. Retrieved
1163:the original
1142:. Retrieved
1138:the original
1133:
1113:
1105:
1093:. Retrieved
1089:the original
1082:
1053:. Retrieved
1047:
1020:. Retrieved
1018:(in Serbian)
1013:
1005:
993:. Retrieved
983:
972:
963:
951:. Retrieved
949:(in Serbian)
944:
943:"Istinomer:
921:. Retrieved
919:(in Serbian)
914:
913:"Istinomer:
889:. Retrieved
885:the original
879:KONTRAMITING
878:
851:. Retrieved
849:(in Serbian)
844:
819:. Retrieved
815:the original
808:
785:. Retrieved
783:(in Serbian)
778:
770:
758:. Retrieved
754:the original
747:
725:. Retrieved
718:
686:. Retrieved
661:. Retrieved
659:(in Serbian)
654:
622:
618:
607:
593:
554:
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542:
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526:
511:
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347:
279:
274:Zoran Đinđić
264:
257:Lead figures
233:
216:
214:
182:
176:
167:
166:
1155:"What Now?"
995:February 8,
777:"Politika:
653:"Politika:
421:"Za Srbiju"
270:Vesna Pešić
185:(Together)
144:Resulted in
126:Occupations
1298:Categories
1144:8 December
1055:August 13,
1022:August 14,
953:August 14,
923:August 14,
891:August 14,
853:August 13,
843:"Novosti:
821:August 14,
787:August 13,
760:August 13,
727:August 13,
688:August 13,
663:August 14,
630:References
460:Naša Borba
375:after the
181:Coalition
80:Kragujevac
1095:13 August
1084:Nedeljnik
539:Reactions
533:Nedeljnik
528:Nedeljnik
508:Sezam Pro
370:President
87:Caused by
1276:cite web
1184:Archived
1012:"Vreme:
717:"Danas:
565:See also
557:Karadžić
425:Terazije
409:Belgrade
76:Novi Sad
68:Belgrade
63:Location
35:Part of
1225:Portals
1122:Sources
385:Zajedno
350:Serbian
183:Zajedno
156:Parties
131:Rioting
115:Methods
96:results
1266:21 May
1251:Serbia
1207:
1190:21 May
1169:21 May
499:Berlin
298:Number
1239:1990s
1159:Vreme
1049:Wired
587:Notes
494:Wired
103:Goals
1282:link
1268:2007
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613:The
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55:Date
619:SPO
522:BBC
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432:SPO
397:Niš
368:of
72:Niš
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