300:(RSS) started communal tensions between both the communities in the town. The leader of the Mozdur Sangha who had a criminal record was arrested for looting a bus which carried tribal people to their work. The agitated tribal people staged various demonstrations on December 6 and December 7 to get back their money and to take the arrested men to a people's court. On December 8 they attacked the sub-jail as they found their demands were not taken seriously by the local administration. After this, a mob attacked the Christian settlement unexpectedly. All of the arrested were Sangh Parivar activists, members of the Utkal Sangh and members politically close to
405:
man. Their corpses were dragged by wires from telephones and then brought on a trolley to the police station. The two bodies were taken inside the police station and they were burned there along with the police records. The station's entire staff were simply silent spectators. They also burned down a portion of the police station and burned down several government vehicles. 20 policemen were injured during the attack. After this the tribal agitation ended.
392:
police station and demanded that two men who had been arrested be produced to be prosecuted in a people's court. They encircled the station from 11 am to 2 pm and left with a warning that if there was no solution by 8 December, the people would take matters into their own hands. The local government sought to arm itself with reinforcements from outside the district.
348:
president of the union. In the starting, all the
Khalasi workers had been part of this union. Jaya Singh, along with his gang, had a criminal record. For a long time, he had been involved in various lawless activities known to the local police. He was also active in the illegal liquor trading and competed with another illegal liquor trader, who was a renowned
427:(BJP) of having seized the opportunity to terrorize the Christian community using the excuse of Jaya Singh. Local people said that the BJP leaders were instrumental in burning down the Christian settlement and the culprits were free even after they had reported to the civil administration and the police. People also reported that the
473:
associated with the Sangh
Parivar and the Utkal Sangh. The communal forces took the opportunity to attack Christians. The investigation also reported that the government and the law and order machinery failed to take early actions against the Sangh Parivar, despite knowing the early indications of their motive.
422:
The local government, the police station and the
Christians stated that it was not the tribal villagers, but some locals in the town who had organized and engaged in the attack. The Chasi Mulia Samiti's involvement in the attack was denied by the Christians, the local people and the local government.
413:
The same day the
Christian settlement was unexpectedly attacked by a mob of about 500 people. With the aid of petrol and kerosene, about 111 houses belonging to the Christians were looted first and were eventually burned down. Two churches were burned down as well. Other reports stated 92 houses were
400:
On
December 8 at about 10 am, the whole town was overwhelmed and under the stranglehold of the tribal people. Around 5000 people gathered in front of the police station, equipped with traditional weapons. They had already obstructed roadways at least in 10 to 12 locations the night before by blocking
387:
arrest all the alleged perpetrators that they had identified and that their cash including the bus fare, be returned to them. Jaya Singh, the president of the Mozdur Sangha and another man who was a Hindu, were arrested and brought into custody, but with the aid of the local government, the owner of
404:
The mob reportedly reached the subjail at about 10.40 a.m. and encircled the building. They broke the prison walls in four locations. There were 35 male prisoners in the prison and all the prisoners were threatened to leave. They then murdered Jaya Singh, the president of Mozdur Sangha, and another
347:
According to the report of the All India
Federation of Organizations for Democratic Rights, a limited number of day-to-day wage workers are employed in "khalasi" (head load) jobs in and around Ramgiri-Udaygiri. These workers have a trade union named "Mozdur Sangha". Jaya Singh, a Christian, was the
319:
Ramgiri-Udaygiri is a small town in the
Gajapati District of Odisha. Ramgiri-Udaygiri and the district of Gajapati's population is dominated by tribal people with a population density of 151 per km. The literacy rate of the district is 24 percent and its share of the rural population is almost 90
391:
The Chasi Mulia Samiti demonstrated in different parts of the city from
December 4 to December 6. At about 10.30 a.m. on December 7, the Chasi Mulia Samiti had a public rally in the town's weekly market premises where around 8,000 individuals from 150 villages took part. They then went the local
362:
The RSS leader, Laxmi Bhai forced Mozdur Sangha workers to leave their jobs due to a dispute between the two unions over contract work. There was a lot of tension in the area. The local administration interfered and mediated the problem. Several people in and around the town reported that Sangh
472:
The investigation by the All India
Federation of Organizations for Democratic Rights concluded that the murder of the jail inmates was not communal in nature as Jaya Singh was a Christian and the other man was a Hindu. While the looting and burning down Christian houses was a separate incident
359:(RSS), succeeded in establishing a new union named as Utkal Sangh. All the Savarna Hindu workers joined him. But the Dalit workers had stayed in the old union. From then on, the competition between both the unions and fomenting hatred between the Savarna Hindus and the Christians began.
485:. 21 of the 27 are Savarna Hindus, who were also members of Utkal Sangha, the rival of Mozdur Sangha. Out of the remaining six people, three were known Sangh Parivar activists, and the remaining three were tribal people who were politically close to the Sangh Parivar and its
320:
percentage. Of the 3016 km geographical area of the district, there is only 76,671 hectares of farmland. The area is full of forests and hills. Forests represent more than 70 per cent of the geographical area of the district. The major portion of the region is hilly terrain.
401:
them with trees. A large number of local people also reportedly participated with the tribal people. According to the All India
Federation of Democratic Rights Organizations, the tribal people had gathered without any representatives of the Chasi Mulia Samiti.
292:
were murdered by a mob of 5000 tribal people after breaking into the sub-jail. In a separate case, a mob of 500 people looted and burned down 92 to 111 Christian houses and 2 Churches on the same day. 27 people were arrested.
323:
Agriculture is the primary means of living. The tribal people participate in their traditional cultivation techniques and gathering natural products from the forest. A small portion of the population are involved in the few
506:
said that the violence was a very serious incident and said it was a warning to the whole nation. He also said that he had asked the home ministry to investigate whether the VHP had a role in the attacks.
414:
burnt down. The houses that were burned down were not related to Jaya Singh. Eight houses in the same area belonging to Hindu Dalit families were left intact. The entire attack had completed by afternoon.
263:
469:
According to the All India Federation of Organizations for Democratic Rights, the agitation of the tribal people was combined with this mob assault on Christians in the media coverage of the event.
952:
Then They Came for the Christians: A Report to the Nation : Report of an All-India Fact Finding Team, Constituted by All India Federation of Organisations for Democratic Rights (AIFOFDR)
256:
166:
201:
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are displaced from their lands and driven deep into the forest. This is the primary point of conflict between both the area's tribal people and non-tribal people.
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The investigation by the All India Federation of Organizations for Democratic Rights reported both were separated incidents. The investigation reported that the
1000:
995:
249:
140:
171:
923:
The politics behind anti Christian violence : a compilation of investigation committee reports into acts of violence against the Christian minorities
206:
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The rivalry between two trade unions, one known as Mozdur Sangha led by a Christian man and the other Utkal Sangha started by a local leader of the
450:
1015:
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Kishore Chandra Jagdeb Ray, will investigate the issue. Gomang also said the commission will now also be asked to investigate the
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232:
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The Orissa Chief Minister, told the state Assembly in March 1998 that five officials the circle Inspector of police,
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63,000 was stolen. Next day the tribal people began their agitation under the leadership of Chasi Mulia Samiti's, an
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and the Utkal Sangh seized the opportunity of the agitation by the tribal people to attack the Christian settlement.
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activist. This rivalry is reported to have caused tensions between the Christians and the Hindus in the region.
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431:(VHP) and the RSS were active in the area and were inciting the people against the Christians.
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told the State Assembly in March 1999 that a single-man commission, led by retired Judge from
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40:
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375:, 2 km away from the Ramgiri-Udaygiri Police station. It has been claimed that around
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the bus managed to flee along with his bus, which angered the agitating tribal people.
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332:, which have a huge effect on people's lives, in the absence of real industry.
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was an incident of violence that took place in the town of Ramgiri-Udaygiri in
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11 of the prisoners who had fled from the sub-jail were rearrested by police.
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384:
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Some people robbed a private bus carrying some of the contract workers to
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While, the Chasi Mulia Samiti blamed the local leaders of RSS and the
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Parivar was involved in various communal activities during this time.
285:
44:
949:
All India Federation of Organisations for Democratic Rights (1999).
482:
756:
All India Federation of Organisations for Democratic Rights 1999
575:
All India Federation of Organisations for Democratic Rights 1999
955:. All India Federation of Organisations for Democratic Rights.
465:
All India Federation of Organizations for Democratic Rights
850:
848:
835:
833:
808:
806:
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893:"Rediff On The NeT: Vajpayee promises to control Singhal"
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on December 8, 1999. Two prisoners who were arrested for
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Human Rights and the Third World: Issues and Discourses
457:, the officer-in-charge of the police station and the
868:"Tribune India - Spotlight - Friday, March 19, 1999"
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88:
83:
66:
52:
34:
26:
21:
167:1998 attacks on Christians in southeastern Gujarat
670:
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481:Twenty-seven people were arrested for murder and
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202:2008 attacks on Christians in southern Karnataka
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698:
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602:"11 undertrials rearrested in jailbreak case"
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8:
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172:1998 attacks on Christians in Dangs district
355:In 1996, Laxmi Bhai, a local leader of the
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250:
135:
18:
367:Bus robbing incident and tribal agitation
207:2021 anti-Christian violence in Karnataka
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528:
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461:were suspended for negligence of duty.
214:
158:
147:
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676:"Hindutva's Violent History in Orissa"
383:organisation. They demanded that the
122:92 - 111 Christian houses burned down
7:
1001:Hinduism-motivated violence in India
996:Violence against Christians in India
732:"Ultras, zealots, both misuse faith"
228:Violence against Christians in India
187:2007 Christmas violence in Kandhamal
110:Several government vehicles torched
703:Farz, Ahmed (September 12, 2008).
14:
459:Assistant Sub-Inspector of police
197:2008 Kandhamal nun gang rape case
965:Bagchi, Subrata Sankar (2012).
455:Deputy Superintendent of Police
128:Police station partially burned
451:Additional District Magistrate
409:Attack on Christian settlement
278:1998 Ramgiri-Udaygiri violence
177:1998 Ramgiri-Udaygiri violence
22:1998 Ramgiri-Udaygiri violence
1:
1016:December 1998 events in Asia
304:and other Sangh-affiliates.
357:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
298:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
233:Religious violence in India
1037:
773:"Another attack in Orissa"
16:Violence in Odisha, India
632:PTI (December 9, 1999).
600:PTI (December 9, 1999).
1021:1998 in Indian politics
634:"5 officials suspended"
501:Prime Minister of India
487:Vanvasi Kalyan Parishad
192:2008 Kandhamal violence
926:. Delhi: Media House.
920:Puniyani, Ram (2006).
425:Bharatiya Janata Party
302:Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram
125:2 Churches burned down
444:1999 Ranalai violence
429:Vishva Hindu Parishad
238:Religious persecution
182:1999 Ranalai violence
1006:1998 crimes in India
504:Atal Bihari Vajpayee
971:. Lexington Books.
771:CHAUDHURI, KALYAN.
223:Freedom of religion
152:Christians in India
117:Buildings destroyed
396:Attack on sub-jail
330:cottage industries
39:Ramgiri-Udaygiri,
978:978-0-7391-7736-5
440:Orissa High Court
373:Arunachal Pradesh
282:Gajapati District
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59:Mass mobilization
41:Gajapati district
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959:Available online
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874:. March 19, 1999
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335:Very often, the
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1011:Crime in Odisha
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434:Chief Minister
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76:Looting *Murder
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30:8 December 1998
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857:, p. 497.
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418:Investigations
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855:Puniyani 2006
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914:Bibliography
900:. Retrieved
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780:. Retrieved
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740:. Retrieved
738:. 2008-09-16
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682:. 2008-09-06
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92:20 policemen
872:The Tribune
796:Bagchi 2012
709:India Today
638:The Tribune
606:The Tribune
326:small scale
990:Categories
902:2020-12-14
878:2020-12-14
782:2020-12-14
742:2020-12-14
714:2020-12-14
686:2020-12-14
643:2020-12-14
611:2020-12-14
511:References
315:Background
84:Casualties
942:182969294
777:Frontline
736:DNA India
496:Reactions
385:Tahsildar
159:Incidents
53:Caused by
141:a series
139:Part of
97:Arrested
89:Injuries
35:Location
477:Arrests
381:Adivasi
290:dacoity
67:Methods
975:
940:
930:
897:Rediff
286:Odisha
105:Damage
45:Odisha
483:arson
73:Arson
973:ISBN
938:OCLC
928:ISBN
453:, a
328:and
276:The
27:Date
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