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The application of this one percent rule is controversial. The civil aviation regulatory authorities of some nations employ such numerical risk thresholds while others do not. Of those that use numerical risk criteria there are differences in the levels of measured / calculated risk that are applied
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This 1 percent rule began in the late 1980s and early 1990s in a series of
British and then European aviation cardiology workshops. The application of this "1 percent rule" has subsequently spread beyond the domain of aviation cardiology to all potential causes of medical incapacitation.
116:(1% per annum, 2% per annum etc.). There is also debate concerning the application of population statistics to an individual pilot and the utility and validity of the risk screening tools that are used by the civil aviation regulatory authorities (e.g. data from the
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Applying this 1 percent rule would result in an airline pilot being denied a medical certificate if their risk of a medical incapacitation (e.g. heart attack, convulsion, stroke, faint etc) was determined as being greater than 1% during the
112:(see references). In this article the authors argue that changes in the underlying assumptions, that were the basis of the 1 percent rule, have been such that a 2 percent rule may be an appropriate modern analogue.
276:
Niedermeier, W.; Küblbeck, K. (September 1991). "Faktorenerfassung zur
Funktion enossaler Implantate" [Factors involved in endosseous implant function].
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Tunstall-Pedoe, Hugh (March 1984). "Risk of a coronary heart attack in the normal population and how it might be modified in flyers".
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is a risk threshold that is applied to the medical fitness of pilots. The 1% rule states that a 1% per annum risk (See also
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Tunstall-Pedoe, Hugh (December 1992). "Cardiovascular risk and risk factors in the context of aircrew certification".
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The reasoning that was used in the development of the original aviation medical 1 percent rule is well described in
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Tunstall-Pedoe, Hugh (May 1988). "Acceptable cardiovascular risk in aircrew. The concept of risk".
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Tunstall-Pedoe, Hugh (May 1988). "Acceptable cardiovascular risk in aircrew. Introduction".
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Flight Safety and
Medical Incapacitation Risk of Airline Pilots
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Risk threshold applied to the medical fitness of pilots
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Mitchell, Stuart J.; Evans, Anthony D. (March 2004).
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303:Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
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321:Mulloy, A.; Wielgosz, A. (August 2019).
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297:Watson, Dougal B. (January 2005).
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