370:
483:
362:
437:
31:
546:. Since they were positioned against a naval attack, they were poorly sited to engage the Japanese (although the long-range batteries had 360° fire due to lack of casemates, the disappearing batteries had about 170° fire). Other limiting factors were that they had mostly armor-piercing ammunition, and the open mountings were vulnerable to air and high-angle artillery attack.
1369:
carriage could elevate 15 degrees maximum; earlier models could not elevate that much until the rear mounting bracket was changed from a centerline to an upper position in the M1901. The M1901 could traverse 170 degrees, but some M1895MII emplacements could traverse 210 degrees. The M1895MII had a range of over 29,000 yards (26 kilometers).
424:, was convened in 1905. Taft recommended technical changes, such as more searchlights, electrification, and, in some cases, less guns in particular fortifications. The seacoast forts were funded under the Spooner Act of 1902 and construction began within a few years and lasted into the 1920s. The defenses of the Philippines on islands in
385:. When this proved to be too complex, guns were mounted on low-angle M1892 or M1897 barbette carriages. The M1897 carriage was actually an "altered gun lift" carriage, functionally equivalent to the barbette carriage. Eventually, the guns were mounted on M1896, M1897, or M1901 disappearing carriages designed by
452:
for use on the
Western Front. Among the weapons available were 45 12-inch guns, to be removed from fixed defenses or taken from spares. Twelve M1895 weapons were mounted on M1918 railway carriages (based on the French Batignolles mount) by mid-1919; it is unclear if any more were eventually mounted.
502:
Also during World War I, it was recognized that naval guns were rapidly improving and longer-range weapons were needed. Fourteen two-gun and two one-gun batteries were constructed with M1895 guns on the new M1917 long-range barbette carriage, which allowed an elevation of 35 degrees, compared to 15
380:
designed the gun and built the barrels. For several years, difficulties were encountered in building a disappearing carriage for the 12-inch gun. One alternative was the M1891 gun lift carriage, with the gun mounted on a large steam-powered elevator. Only one battery of this type was built, Battery
1368:
The M1895MI weighed 52 tons and the M1901 carriage weighed 251 tons. The projectile weight for all M1895 guns was 1,046 pounds. Each shell used 318 pounds of powder, but this was varied depending on range. The projectile achieved a muzzle velocity of 2,250 feet per second. The M1901 disappearing
462:), these never left the US. Although the twelve guns survived until early in World War II, they were not deployed. In 1941 they were declared "limited standard", and all but one were scrapped during the war. The survivor was used for experimental purposes at the
503:
degrees for the disappearing carriages. This increased the range from 18,400 yards (16,800 m) to 30,100 yards (27,500 m). Eleven of these batteries were in the continental United States, with two in Panama, one in Hawaii, and two one-gun batteries at
491:
550:
357:
for some 29 locations on the US coastline. Most of the board's recommendations were implemented. Coast artillery fortifications built between 1885 and 1905 are often referred to as "Endicott Period" fortifications.
348:
to review seacoast defenses. The findings of the board illustrated a grim picture of existing defenses, and in its 1886 report recommended a massive $ 127 million construction program of breech-loading cannons,
457:
by Lt. Col. H. W. Miller. The range of the railway weapon was 25,000 yards (23,000 m) at 38° elevation. Like almost all US-made railway guns of World War I (the notable exception being the US Navy's
316:
mountings. From 1919, 19 long-range two-gun batteries were built using the M1895 on an M1917 long-range barbette carriage. Almost all of the weapons not in the
Philippines were scrapped during and after
1335:
Additional batteries, including 14 two-gun batteries with long-range M1917 carriages (in addition to
Batteries Smith and Hearn on Corregidor), were located in the United States and its possessions.
1390:
Two 12-inch guns M1895 (#13 Bethlehem & #27 Watervliet) on disappearing carriages M1901 (#14 and #15 Watertown), Battery
Crockett, Fort Mills, Corregidor Island, Philippines
2683:
2678:
589:
batteries at most harbor defenses, all guns on disappearing carriages were scrapped in 1943–44. The long-range batteries' guns were scrapped soon after the war ended.
1396:
Two 12-inch guns M1895 (#37 & #12 Watervliet) on disappearing carriages M1901 (#16 and #17 Watertown), Battery Cheney, Fort Mills, Corregidor Island, Philippines
467:
354:
463:
1956:
1402:
One 12-inch gun M1895 (#36 Watervliet) (remains of disappearing carriage in front of the parapet), Battery
Wheeler, Fort Mills, Corregidor Island, Philippines
519:
against air attack, beginning in 1940 as World War II approached the United States. However, the batteries in the
Philippines were not casemated, as the 1923
523:
prohibited further fortification of US and
Japanese Pacific-area possessions, and in 1940–41 there was a lack of resources to do so. In some cases, an
1523:
393:. Bethlehem later built barrels as well. Detailed descriptions of the M1888 weapon, disappearing carriage, and gun lift carriage are in the US Army's
1440:
305:
1384:
One 12-inch gun M1895MIA4 (#6 Watervliet) on
Barbette Carriage M1917 (#30 Eng. Machine), Battery Hearn, Fort Mills, Corregidor Island, Philippines
1381:
One 12-inch gun M1895MIA4 (#1 Watervliet) on
Barbette Carriage M1917 (#31 Eng. Machine), Battery Smith, Fort Mills, Corregidor Island, Philippines
2385:
1405:
One 12-inch gun M1895 (#7 Bethlehem) on disappearing carriage M1901 (#2 Watertown), Battery
Wheeler, Fort Mills, Corregidor Island, Philippines
1862:
1834:
1469:
1435:
543:
2360:
2329:
2233:
2104:
2042:
570:
1399:
One 12-inch gun M1895 (#16 Watervliet) (may be spare gun for Battery Cheney), Bottomside Area, Fort Mills, Corregidor Island, Philippines
1910:
1445:
1765:
1815:
1571:
369:
2508:
482:
445:
408:, the government wanted to protect American seaports in the event of war, and also protect newly gained territory, such as the
1612:
334:
330:
2200:
459:
1961:
2614:
1624:
Instructions for mounting, using and caring for Barbette carriage, model of 1917 for 12-inch gun, model of 1895 MI (1917)
1014:
Two of three M1894 altered lift carriages produced, and received third from Battery Ash at Fort Worden, removed in 1909.
586:
2645:
2589:
2190:
2139:
1940:
1463:
350:
2523:
2698:
2688:
2467:
1043:
Emplacement 2 originally installed on M1894 altered lift carriage—dismantled and parts sent to Fort Flagler, 1909
582:
2693:
2673:
2650:
2635:
1966:
1387:
One 12-inch gun M1895MIA4 (#8 Watervliet) (spare gun), Battery Hearn, Fort Mills, Corregidor Island, Philippines
405:
2226:
1148:
936:
382:
1586:
1408:
One 12-inch gun M1895 (#10 Bethlehem) (spare gun), Battery Wheeler, Fort Mills, Corregidor Island, Philippines
1393:
One 12-inch gun M1895 (#8 Bethlehem) (spare gun), Battery Crockett, Fort Mills, Corregidor Island, Philippines
1903:
1411:
One 12-inch gun M1895MIA1 (#19) on railway mount M1918 (#9 Marion steam shovel), U.S. Army Ordnance School,
993:
520:
345:
2619:
1982:
1601:
1547:
963:
578:
1512:
2324:
2037:
2017:
1883:
1457:
789:
566:
207:
2569:
2175:
924:
two M1895 12-inch guns replaced two M1900 12-inch guns (installed 1906, rebuilt as AMTB 90mm battery)
373:
A coastal defense 12-inch gun on an M1895 disappearing carriage, showing raised and lowered positions.
2390:
2052:
2047:
2027:
390:
2263:
1720:
361:
2395:
2219:
2114:
1524:
FM 4-80 Seacoast Artillery: Service of the Piece – 12-Inch and 14-Inch Guns (Disappearing Carriage)
816:
528:
471:
170:
2564:
2554:
2528:
2477:
2441:
2415:
2283:
2278:
2159:
2007:
2002:
1896:
417:
377:
212:
183:
122:
104:
75:
539:
Along with other coast artillery weapons, the 12-inch guns in the Philippines saw action in the
436:
399:
Ordnance supply manual by George L. Lohrer, United States Army, Ordnance Dept, 1904, pp. 115–211
2609:
2604:
2599:
2584:
2185:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2129:
1858:
1830:
1811:
1567:
692:
398:
394:
297:
44:
2640:
2579:
2559:
2549:
2518:
2513:
2273:
2180:
2124:
2119:
2109:
2099:
2083:
2078:
2032:
2022:
2012:
1412:
1140:
967:
341:
337:
309:
227:
389:; when the gun was fired, it dropped behind a concrete or earthen wall for protection from
2482:
2380:
2211:
2073:
2068:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1423:
930:
750:
524:
386:
253:
126:
1888:
1623:
1144:
1081:
631:
540:
2667:
2574:
2533:
2487:
2472:
2462:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2370:
2365:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
1935:
1085:
688:
574:
557:
Three additional long-range casemated batteries were constructed during the war, at
486:
M1895 12-inch gun on M1917 long-range high-angle barbette carriage, Corregidor, 2012
30:
2503:
2446:
2319:
2268:
2258:
722:
490:
449:
421:
318:
89:
1848:. Vol. I and II. Washington: US Government Printing Office. pp. 197–250.
515:. The guns were originally in open mounts with protected magazines, but most were
2375:
1051:
1022:
874:
512:
409:
397:. Detailed parts lists for the M1888 weapon and supporting equipment are in the
85:
1878:
1666:
1419:
1232:
1203:
845:
760:
756:
558:
508:
504:
425:
235:
163:
1780:
1767:
2436:
2431:
2243:
1920:
549:
304:
between 1895 and 1945. For most of their history they were operated by the
1634:
878:
562:
516:
495:
313:
243:
223:
726:
301:
197:
1566:. Ramsbury, Wiltshire, UK: The Crowood Press, Ltd. pp. 141–142.
416:, from enemy attack. A new Board of Fortifications, under President
1696:
1685:. Bel Air, Maryland: Coast Defense Study Group Press. p. 228.
548:
489:
481:
435:
368:
360:
365:
M1895 coastal defense 12-inch gun on M1896 disappearing carriage.
413:
2215:
1892:
1513:
Description of 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16-inch Seacoast Guns, p. 32
1884:
TM 4-210, Seacoast Artillery Weapons (1944) page at the CDSG
553:
Victorious Japanese troops atop Battery Hearn on 6 May 1942
453:
A detailed description of the railway mounting is given in
1697:"Battery Ash - FortWiki Historic U.S. and Canadian Forts"
1742:
American Defenses of Corregidor and Manila Bay 1898–1945
1536:
American Defenses of Corregidor and Manila Bay 1898–1945
268:
long-range M1917 barbette: 30,100 yards (27,500 m),
35:
12-inch M1895 coastal defense gun being fired by lanyard
1602:
Handbook of Ordnance Data, 15 November 1918, pp. 97–108
1538:, Osprey Publishing Ltd.; 1st edition, 2003; pages 7–8.
1644:
1642:
1744:, Osprey Publishing Ltd.; 1st edition, 2003; page 59.
2628:
2542:
2496:
2455:
2424:
2353:
2312:
2251:
2168:
2092:
2061:
1975:
1949:
1928:
498:
gun, typical of batteries casemated in World War II
274:
262:
252:
234:
218:
206:
196:
182:
162:
154:
146:
141:
133:
118:
110:
100:
95:
81:
71:
63:
58:
50:
40:
21:
1855:American Breechloading Mobile Artillery, 1875-1953
779:shipped to Battery Cheney, Fort Mills, Corregidor
448:, the army recognized the need for large-caliber
1193:captured by the Japanese 1942; recaptured 1945)
1635:Coast Defense Study Group fort and battery list
1490:
1488:
1486:
1452:Weapons of comparable role, performance and era
1305:captured by the Japanese 1942; recaptured 1945
1278:captured by the Japanese 1942; recaptured 1945
1251:captured by the Japanese 1942; recaptured 1945
1222:captured by the Japanese 1942; recaptured 1945
468:U.S. Army Ordnance Training and Heritage Center
1472:- contemporary French naval and railway weapon
864:one gun removed in 1918 and the other in 1943
464:Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division
192:1,070 pounds (490 kg) AP shot & shell
2227:
1904:
1857:. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing.
1808:American Seacoast Defenses, A Reference Guide
1683:American Seacoast Defenses: A Reference Guide
240:disappearing: 170° (varied with emplacement),
8:
1827:Seacoast Fortifications of the United States
2684:World War II artillery of the United States
1534:Berhow, Mark A. and McGovern, Terrance C.,
1288:Fort Mills, Corregidor, Philippine Islands
1261:Fort Mills, Corregidor, Philippine Islands
1177:Fort Mills, Corregidor, Philippine Islands
266:disappearing: 18,400 yards (16,800 m),
2679:World War I artillery of the United States
2234:
2220:
2212:
1911:
1897:
1889:
1740:Berhow, Mark A. and McGovern, Terrance C.
1114:Fort Wadsworth, Richmond County, New York
596:
300:pieces installed to defend major American
18:
1361:M1895MI rifle 12" 442.56" 115,000 lb
593:M1895 12-inch coastal artillery batteries
150:115,000 pounds (52,163 kilograms) (M1895)
1957:Canon d'Infanterie de 37 modèle 1916 TRP
1721:Search on FortWiki for M1895 12-inch gun
1613:US Army Railway Artillery in World War I
1548:America's Munitions 1917-1918, pp. 96–98
1441:United States Army Coast Artillery Corps
312:, with early installations on low-angle
306:United States Army Coast Artillery Corps
1667:FortWiki on Battery Parrott, Ft. Monroe
1557:
1555:
1482:
1358:M1895 rifle 12" 442.56" 115,000 lb
1355:M1888MII rifle 12" 440" 117,127 lb
1352:M1888MI rifle 12" 440" 117,127 lb
585:. With the additional construction of
242:long-range M1917 barbette: 360° (145°
1676:
1674:
1436:Seacoast defense in the United States
270:railway: 30,100 yards (27,500 m)
230:, M1917 long-range barbette from 1920
7:
2361:75 mm field gun M1897 on M2 carriage
2330:75 mm field gun M1897 on M2 carriage
1364:M1900 rifle 12" 480" 132,380 lb
1349:M1888 rifle 12" 440" 117,127 lb
395:Artillery circular 1893, pp. 195–207
258:2,250 feet per second (690 m/s)
1829:. Annapolis: Leeward Publications.
1466:- contemporary British naval weapon
1446:Coast Artillery fire control system
1377:No M1888 or M1900 weapons survive.
527:was mounted atop a 12-inch gun for
288:(305 mm) and its variants the
1470:Canon de 305 mm Modèle 1893/96 gun
14:
1589:Railway Artillery, Vols. I and II
1235:, Corregidor, Philippine Islands
1206:, Corregidor, Philippine Islands
286:12-inch coastal defense gun M1895
466:until it was transferred to the
29:
2043:BL 8-inch howitzer Mk VI – VIII
1825:Lewis, Emanuel Raymond (1979).
1810:(Second ed.). CDSG Press.
1564:Allied Artillery of World War I
446:American entry into World War I
428:were built under this program.
344:, was tasked with creating the
222:M1891 gun lift, M1892 or M1897
661:Fort Wetherill, Jamestown, RI
263:Maximum firing range
173:(442.56 inches; 11.241 meters)
1:
1962:37 mm Infantry Gun Model 1917
1806:Berhow, Mark A., ed. (2004).
1460:- contemporary US Navy weapon
1063:M1901 disappearing carriages
1005:M1894 altered lift carriages
158:442.56 inches (11.241 meters)
2646:12-inch coast defense mortar
2590:12-inch coast defense mortar
2354:Field, medium and heavy guns
2191:12-inch coast defense mortar
2140:12-inch coast defense mortar
1976:Field, medium and heavy guns
1941:QF 6-pounder 6 cwt Hotchkiss
1464:BL 12-inch Mk VIII naval gun
440:A 12-inch M1895 railway gun.
190:975 pounds (442 kg) AP,
2524:3-inch anti-aircraft gun M3
2401:155 mm gun M1/M2 "Long Tom"
1853:Williford, Glen M. (2016).
1591:, 1921, Vol. I, pp. 197–250
460:14"/50 caliber railway guns
2715:
2201:14"/50 caliber railway gun
583:Charleston, South Carolina
353:, floating batteries, and
1967:QF 2.95-inch mountain gun
1418:One 12-inch gun M1895 at
1034:M1892 barbette carriages
712:guns sent to Puerto Rico
455:Railway Artillery, Vol. I
308:. Most were installed on
177:
51:Place of origin
28:
1681:Berhow, Mark A. (1999).
1587:Miller, H. W., LTC, USA
937:Fort Hancock, New Jersey
544:invasion in World War II
383:Fort Hancock, New Jersey
226:, M1896, M1897 or M1901
2105:4.72-inch Armstrong gun
670:disappearing carriages
521:Washington Naval Treaty
346:Board of Fortifications
2620:16-inch howitzer M1920
1983:3-inch M1902 field gun
1879:FortWiki gun type list
1844:Miller, H. W. (1921).
906:Fort Monroe, Virginia
554:
499:
487:
441:
374:
366:
310:disappearing carriages
2615:16-inch Marks 2 and 3
2488:8 inch howitzer M1/M2
2456:Other vehicle-mounted
2406:8 inch howitzer M1/M2
2386:155 mm howitzer M1918
2196:12-inch gun M1895MIA1
2038:155 mm howitzer M1917
2018:6-inch howitzer M1908
1562:Hogg, Ian V. (1998).
1313:Fort Miles, Delaware
790:Fort Morgan (Alabama)
567:San Juan, Puerto Rico
552:
493:
485:
439:
420:'s secretary of war,
372:
364:
2543:Coast artillery guns
2463:75 mm howitzer M2/M3
2115:6-inch Armstrong gun
2093:Coast artillery guns
2053:240 mm trench mortar
2048:BL 9.2-inch howitzer
1657:Williford, pp. 80-83
406:Spanish–American War
391:counter-battery fire
254:Muzzle velocity
1950:Small and pack guns
1781:38.7761°N 75.0872°W
1777: /
1753:Berhow, pp. 229-230
1731:Berhow, pp. 200–223
1648:Berhow, pp. 224–226
1503:Berhow, pp. 130–155
1136:Battery Butterfield
817:Fort Winfield Scott
643:barbette carriages
529:subcaliber training
478:Long-range mounting
331:William C. Endicott
137:M1888, M1895, M1900
2565:155 mm gun M1918MI
2497:Anti-aircraft guns
2478:155 mm gun M1917MI
2473:105 mm howitzer M2
2442:4.2 inch mortar M2
2416:240 mm howitzer M1
2396:155 mm gun M1918MI
2391:155 mm howitzer M1
2376:105 mm howitzer M3
2371:105 mm howitzer M2
2289:105 mm howitzer M4
2264:75 mm gun M2/M3/M6
2160:155 mm gun M1918MI
2062:Anti-aircraft guns
2008:4.7-inch gun M1906
2003:3.2-inch gun M1897
1762:Gun is located at
1458:12"/35 caliber gun
1373:Surviving examples
555:
500:
488:
472:Fort Lee, Virginia
442:
418:Theodore Roosevelt
378:Watervliet Arsenal
375:
367:
213:Welin breech block
123:Watervliet Arsenal
105:Watervliet Arsenal
96:Production history
76:United States Army
23:12-inch gun M1895
2699:Disappearing guns
2689:Coastal artillery
2659:
2658:
2629:Railway artillery
2610:16-inch gun M1919
2605:16-inch gun M1895
2600:14-inch gun M1907
2595:12-inch gun M1895
2585:10-inch gun M1895
2570:7"/45 caliber gun
2366:75 mm howitzer M1
2209:
2208:
2186:10-inch gun M1895
2176:7"/45 caliber gun
2169:Railway artillery
2155:16-inch gun M1919
2150:16-inch gun M1895
2145:14-inch gun M1907
2135:12-inch gun M1895
2130:10-inch gun M1895
1864:978-0-7643-5049-8
1846:Railway Artillery
1836:978-0-929521-11-4
1786:38.7761; -75.0872
1333:
1332:
812:Battery Lancaster
785:Battery Duportail
718:Battery Pensacola
693:New Castle County
571:Sullivan's Island
298:coastal artillery
282:
281:
188:separate loading,
129:, possibly others
45:Coastal artillery
16:Coastal artillery
2706:
2694:305 mm artillery
2674:World War I guns
2641:8-inch gun M1888
2580:8-inch gun M1888
2560:6-inch gun M1903
2550:3-inch gun M1903
2519:3-inch gun M1918
2514:3-inch gun M1917
2236:
2229:
2222:
2213:
2181:8-inch gun M1888
2125:8-inch gun M1888
2120:6-inch gun M1897
2110:5-inch gun M1897
2100:3-inch gun M1903
2084:3-inch gun M1918
2079:3-inch gun M1917
2033:155 mm GPF M1918
2028:6-inch gun M1917
2023:6-inch gun M1903
2013:5-inch gun M1897
1913:
1906:
1899:
1890:
1868:
1849:
1840:
1821:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1745:
1738:
1732:
1729:
1723:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1678:
1669:
1664:
1658:
1655:
1649:
1646:
1637:
1632:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1610:
1604:
1599:
1593:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1559:
1550:
1545:
1539:
1532:
1526:
1521:
1515:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1413:Fort Gregg-Adams
1285:
1258:
1243:M1901 carriages
1229:
1214:M1901 carriages
1200:
1185:M1901 carriages
1174:
1173:Battery Crockett
1159:M1897 carriages
1141:Fort H.G. Wright
1137:
1111:
1096:M1897 carriages
1078:
990:Battery Wilhelm
977:M1897 carriages
960:
933:
915:M1901 carriages
903:
888:M1901 carriages
871:
856:M1897 carriages
842:
827:M1897 carriages
813:
786:
770:M1897 carriages
753:
736:M1897 carriages
719:
703:M1896 carriages
685:
658:
634:, Jamestown, RI
628:
597:
432:Railway mounting
342:secretary of war
338:Grover Cleveland
275:Feed system
33:
24:
19:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2655:
2624:
2538:
2492:
2468:75 mm gun M1897
2451:
2437:81 mm mortar M1
2432:60 mm mortar M2
2420:
2381:4.5 inch gun M1
2349:
2308:
2259:37 mm gun M5/M6
2247:
2246:of World War II
2240:
2210:
2205:
2164:
2088:
2074:75 mm gun M1916
2069:75 mm gun M1897
2057:
1998:75 mm gun M1917
1993:75 mm gun M1916
1988:75 mm gun M1897
1971:
1945:
1924:
1917:
1875:
1865:
1852:
1843:
1837:
1824:
1818:
1805:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1719:
1715:
1705:
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1695:
1694:
1690:
1680:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1640:
1633:
1629:
1622:
1618:
1611:
1607:
1600:
1596:
1585:
1581:
1574:
1561:
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1553:
1546:
1542:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1484:
1479:
1454:
1432:
1424:Lewes, Delaware
1375:
1346:
1341:
1329:abandoned 1958
1297:M1917 carriage
1283:
1270:M1917 carriage
1256:
1228:Battery Wheeler
1227:
1198:
1172:
1135:
1122:M1896 carriage
1109:
1086:Richmond County
1076:
1048:Battery Kinzie
958:
947:M1917 carriage
931:Battery Kingman
929:
902:Battery Parrott
901:
870:Battery DeRussy
869:
841:Battery Chester
840:
811:
784:
749:
717:
684:Battery Torbert
683:
657:Battery Wheaton
656:
626:
595:
579:Harbor Defenses
537:
525:M1916 75 mm gun
480:
434:
387:Bethlehem Steel
355:submarine mines
327:
269:
267:
247:
241:
191:
189:
178:
127:Bethlehem Steel
64:In service
59:Service history
36:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2712:
2710:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2666:
2665:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
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2626:
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2623:
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2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
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2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2540:
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2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2500:
2498:
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2493:
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2465:
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2398:
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2373:
2368:
2363:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2316:
2314:
2313:Anti-tank guns
2310:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2299:120 mm gun T53
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2242:United States
2241:
2239:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2216:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1923:of World War I
1919:United States
1918:
1916:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1874:
1873:External links
1871:
1870:
1869:
1863:
1850:
1841:
1835:
1822:
1816:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1794:
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1746:
1733:
1724:
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1688:
1670:
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1579:
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1397:
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1374:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1339:Specifications
1337:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1303:
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1236:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1201:
1199:Battery Cheney
1195:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1149:Suffolk County
1145:Fishers Island
1138:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1110:Battery Hudson
1106:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1082:Fort Wadsworth
1079:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
991:
987:
986:
984:
981:
978:
975:
973:
970:
961:
955:
954:
952:
950:
948:
945:
942:
939:
934:
926:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
898:
897:
895:
892:
889:
886:
884:
881:
872:
866:
865:
862:
860:
857:
854:
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849:
843:
837:
836:
834:
831:
828:
825:
823:
820:
814:
808:
807:
805:
802:
799:
797:
795:
792:
787:
781:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
766:
763:
754:
746:
745:
743:
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737:
734:
732:
729:
720:
714:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
699:
696:
686:
680:
679:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
653:
652:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:Fort Wetherill
629:
627:Battery Varnum
623:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
594:
591:
536:
533:
479:
476:
474:in the 2000s.
433:
430:
326:
323:
280:
279:
276:
272:
271:
264:
260:
259:
256:
250:
249:
238:
232:
231:
220:
216:
215:
210:
204:
203:
202:12 in (305 mm)
200:
194:
193:
186:
180:
179:
175:
174:
167:
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
142:Specifications
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
120:
116:
115:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
93:
92:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
65:
61:
60:
56:
55:
52:
48:
47:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2711:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2662:
2652:
2651:14-inch M1920
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2636:8-inch Mk. VI
2634:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2575:8-inch Mk. VI
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2483:155 mm gun M2
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2411:8-inch gun M1
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2305:
2304:155 mm gun T7
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2294:105 mm gun T5
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2284:90 mm gun T15
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2274:3-inch gun M7
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2237:
2232:
2230:
2225:
2223:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1936:Puteaux SA 18
1934:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1914:
1909:
1907:
1902:
1900:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1817:0-9748167-0-1
1813:
1809:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1790:
1759:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1734:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1717:
1714:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1684:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1663:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1583:
1580:
1575:
1573:1-86126-104-7
1569:
1565:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1509:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1494:Berhow, p. 61
1491:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1372:
1370:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1336:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:Battery Smith
1282:
1281:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:Battery Hearn
1255:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1077:Battery Ayres
1075:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1054:, Washington
1053:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1025:, Washington
1024:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
996:, Washington
995:
992:
989:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
965:
962:
959:Battery Mahan
957:
956:
953:
951:
949:
946:
943:
940:
938:
935:
932:
928:
927:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
900:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
876:
873:
868:
867:
863:
861:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:, California
847:
844:
839:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:, California
818:
815:
810:
809:
806:
803:
800:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
783:
782:
778:
775:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
758:
755:
752:
751:Battery Kirby
748:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
724:
721:
716:
715:
711:
708:
705:
702:
700:
697:
694:
690:
689:Fort Delaware
687:
682:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
655:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
625:
624:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
598:
592:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
575:Fort Moultrie
572:
568:
564:
560:
551:
547:
545:
542:
534:
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
497:
492:
484:
477:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
456:
451:
447:
438:
431:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
379:
371:
363:
359:
356:
352:
347:
343:
339:
336:
332:
324:
322:
320:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
277:
273:
265:
261:
257:
255:
251:
245:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
214:
211:
209:
205:
201:
199:
195:
187:
185:
181:
176:
172:
168:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
121:
117:
113:
109:
106:
103:
99:
94:
91:
87:
84:
80:
77:
74:
70:
66:
62:
57:
54:United States
53:
49:
46:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
2661:
2594:
2447:Little David
2279:90 mm gun M3
2269:76 mm gun M1
2195:
2134:
1854:
1845:
1826:
1807:
1800:Bibliography
1758:
1749:
1741:
1736:
1727:
1716:
1704:. Retrieved
1701:fortwiki.com
1700:
1691:
1682:
1662:
1653:
1630:
1619:
1608:
1597:
1588:
1582:
1563:
1543:
1535:
1530:
1519:
1508:
1499:
1376:
1367:
1334:
1019:Battery Ash
994:Fort Flagler
723:Fort Pickens
618:Deactivated
556:
538:
535:World War II
501:
454:
450:railway guns
443:
422:William Taft
403:
376:
328:
319:World War II
293:
289:
285:
283:
248:railway: 10°
228:disappearing
166: length
119:Manufacturer
90:World War II
72:Used by
1784: /
1706:31 December
1151:, New York
1088:, New York
1052:Fort Worden
1023:Fort Worden
964:Fort Totten
875:Fort Monroe
695:, Delaware
587:16-inch gun
513:Philippines
410:Philippines
296:were large
86:World War I
2668:Categories
1772:75°05′14″W
1769:38°46′34″N
1477:References
1420:Fort Miles
1344:Variations
1233:Fort Mills
1204:Fort Mills
846:Fort Miley
761:California
757:Fort Baker
559:Fort Miles
509:Corregidor
505:Fort Mills
444:After the
426:Manila Bay
404:After the
381:Potter at
2534:120 mm M1
2335:3 inch M5
2252:Tank guns
2244:artillery
1929:Tank guns
1921:artillery
1319:M1895MII
1294:M1895MII
1267:M1895MII
1031:M1888MII
1002:M1888MII
612:Carriage
603:Location
569:, and on
517:casemated
496:casemated
335:President
329:In 1885,
244:casemated
67:1895–1945
2555:90 mm M1
2529:90 mm M1
2509:40 mm M1
2504:37 mm M1
2345:105mm T8
2340:90 mm T8
2325:57 mm M1
2320:37 mm M3
1430:See also
1310:BCN 519
1060:M1895MI
968:New York
944:M1895MI
879:Virginia
563:Delaware
541:Japanese
494:12-inch
314:barbette
302:seaports
236:Traverse
224:barbette
219:Carriage
171:calibers
134:Variants
111:Designed
101:Designer
2425:Mortars
727:Florida
577:in the
511:in the
351:mortars
325:History
198:Caliber
1861:
1833:
1814:
1570:
912:M1900
667:M1888
640:M1888
621:Notes
615:Built
609:Model
208:Breech
164:Barrel
155:Length
1415:, VA.
1324:1943
1300:1921
1273:1921
1246:1909
1217:1910
1188:1911
1165:1944
1162:1900
1128:1918
1125:1909
1102:1942
1099:1902
1069:1944
1066:1908
1040:1942
1037:1898
1011:1942
1008:1897
983:1918
980:1900
921:1943
918:1928
894:1944
891:1904
859:1902
833:1918
830:1901
804:1923
801:1900
776:1941
773:1900
742:1934
739:1898
709:1940
706:1901
676:1945
673:1908
649:1943
646:1903
600:Name
573:near
294:M1900
290:M1888
184:Shell
1859:ISBN
1831:ISBN
1812:ISBN
1708:2019
1568:ISBN
414:Cuba
412:and
292:and
284:The
278:hand
147:Mass
114:1888
82:Wars
41:Type
581:of
507:on
470:at
340:'s
169:35
2670::
1699:.
1673:^
1641:^
1554:^
1485:^
1422:,
1316:2
1291:1
1264:1
1238:2
1209:2
1180:2
1154:2
1147:,
1143:,
1117:1
1091:2
1084:,
1057:2
1028:2
999:2
972:2
966:,
941:1
909:2
883:3
877:,
851:2
822:2
794:2
765:2
759:,
731:2
725:,
698:3
691:,
664:2
637:2
606:#
565:,
561:,
531:.
401:.
333:,
321:.
246:),
125:,
88:,
2235:e
2228:t
2221:v
1912:e
1905:t
1898:v
1867:.
1839:.
1820:.
1710:.
1576:.
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