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styles varied considerably, and there was no standard of uniformity. Early and medieval codices were bound with flat spines, and it was not until the fifteenth century that books began to have the rounded spines associated with hardcovers today. Because the vellum of early books would react to humidity by swelling, causing the book to take on a characteristic wedge shape, the wooden covers of medieval books were often secured with straps or clasps. These straps, along with metal bosses on the book's covers to keep it raised off the surface that it rests on, are collectively known as furniture.
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slightly bigger to accommodate slightly thicker, stronger wire. Once punched, the back cover is then placed on to the front cover ready for the wire binding elements (double loop wire) to be inserted. The wire is then placed through the holes. The next step involves the binder holding the book by its pages and inserting the wire into a "closer" which is basically a vise that crimps the wire closed and into its round shape. The back page can then be turned back to its correct position, thus hiding the spine of the book.
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1646:, the spine text, when the book is standing upright, runs from the top to the bottom. This means that when the book is lying flat with the front cover upwards, the title is oriented left-to-right on the spine. This practice is reflected in the industry standards ANSI/NISO Z39.41 and ISO 6357, but "lack of agreement in the matter persisted among English-speaking countries as late as the middle of the twentieth century, when books bound in Britain still tended to have their titles read up the spine".
1260:
48:
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839:, where the signatures of the book start off as loose pages which are then clamped together. Small vertical holes are punched through the far left-hand edge of each signature, and then the signatures are sewn together with lockstitches to form the text block. Oversewing is a very strong method of binding and can be done on books up to five inches thick. However, the margins of oversewn books are reduced, and the pages will not lie flat when opened.
1120:
362:
417:
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277:, a few are multi-quire. Codices were a significant improvement over papyrus or vellum scrolls in that they were easier to handle. However, despite allowing writing on both sides of the leaves, they were still foliatedânumbered on the leaves, like the Indian books. The idea spread quickly through the early churches, and the word "Bible" comes from the town where the Byzantine monks established their first
514:
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171:
This is partially overcome in the second method, which is to wrap the scroll around two cores, as in a Torah. With a double scroll, the text can be accessed from both beginning and end, and the portions of the scroll not being read can remain wound. This still leaves the scroll a sequential-access medium: to reach a given page, one generally has to unroll and re-roll many other pages.
300:
1128:
40:
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1116:, or taken apart, in order to be given a new binding. Once the text block of the book has been pulled, it can be rebound in almost any structure; a modern suspense novel, for instance, could be rebound to look like a 16th-century manuscript. Bookbinders may bind several copies of the same text, giving each copy a unique appearance.
1244:, or some combination of the three. Many people choose to rebind books, from amateurs who restore old paperbacks on internet instructions to many professional book and paper conservators and restorationists, who often in the United States are members of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works (AIC).
435:, and often small metal pieces of furniture. Medieval stamps showed animals and figures as well as the vegetal and geometric designs that would later dominate book cover decoration. Until the end of the period books were not usually stood up on shelves in the modern way. The most functional books were bound in plain white
973:), and when the glue cools, it adheres the paper to the spine. Thermal glue strips can also be purchased separately for individuals that wish to use customized or original covers. However, creating documents using thermal binding glue strips can be a tedious process, requiring a scoring device and a large-format printer.
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rounding and backing the spines of books to create a solid, smooth surface and "shoulders" supporting the textblock against its covers facilitated the upright storage of books and titling on spine. This became common practice by the close of the 16th century but was consistently practiced in Rome as early as the 1520s.
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through another plastic strip called the receiving strip. The excess portion of the pins is cut off and the plastic heat-sealed to create a relatively flat bind method. VeloBind provides a more permanent bind than comb-binding but is primarily used for business and legal presentations and small publications.
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In languages with
Chinese-influenced writing systems, the title is written top-to-bottom, as is the language in general. In languages written from left to right, the spine text can be pillar (one letter per line), transverse (text line perpendicular to long edge of spine) and along spine. Conventions
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papers may be used for the sides or end-sheets. Finally, the cover is hand-tooled in gold leaf. The design of the book cover involves such hand-tooling, where an extremely thin layer of gold is applied to the cover. Such designs can be lettering, symbols, or floral designs, depending on the nature of
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Books requiring restoration or conservation treatment run the gamut from the very earliest of texts to books with modern bindings that have undergone heavy usage. For each book, a course of treatment must be chosen that takes into account the book's value, whether it comes from the binding, the text,
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bindings. Also, when creating a new work, modern binders may wish to select a book that has already been printed and create what is known as a 'design binding'. "In a typical design binding, the binder selects an already printed book, disassembles it, and rebinds it in a style of fine bindingârounded
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Though almost any existing book can be repaired to some extent, only books that were originally sewn can be rebound by resewing. Repairs or restorations are often done to emulate the style of the original binding. For new works, some publishers print unbound manuscripts which a binder can collate and
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Scrolls can be rolled in one of two ways. The first method is to wrap the scroll around a single core, similar to a modern roll of paper towels. While simple to construct, a single core scroll has a major disadvantage: in order to read text at the end of the scroll, the entire scroll must be unwound.
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sheets with one's hands and tools, or in modern publishing, by a series of automated processes. Firstly, one binds the sheets of papers along an edge with a thick needle and strong thread. One can also use loose-leaf rings, binding posts, twin-loop spine coils, plastic spiral coils, and plastic spine
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In most cases, questions related to book-binding did not figure into the discussions between authors and publishers about the formal aspects of editions of their works, because individual purchasers generally made separate arrangements with either the publisher or a bookbinder to have printed sheets
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Sometimes the restoration of the cover is a matter of surgically strengthening the original cover by lifting the original materials and applying new materials for strength. This is perhaps a more common method for covers made with book-cloth although leather books can be approached this way as well.
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uses a 9/16" pitch rectangular hole pattern punched near the bound edge. A curled plastic "comb" is fed through the slits to hold the sheets together. Comb binding allows a book to be disassembled and reassembled by hand without damage. Comb supplies are typically available in a wide range of colors
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in order to create a book. For instances, these design and cut pages, assemble pages into paper sheets, et cetera. The trade of bookbinding is both a craft done out of creativity and passion and a process happening in a factory. But each type of bookbinding always resolves three problems in making a
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In languages written from left to right, such as
English, books are bound on the left side of the cover; looking from on top, the pages increase counterclockwise. In right-to-left languages, books are bound on the right. In both cases, this is so the end of a page coincides with where it is turned.
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Many times, books that need to be restored are hundreds of years old, and the handling of the pages and binding has to be undertaken with great care and a delicate hand. The archival process of restoration and conservation can extend a book's life for many decades and is necessary to preserve books
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uses a one-piece cover with glue applied to its spine to quickly and easily bind documents without the need for punching. Individuals usually purchase "thermal covers" or "therm-a-bind covers", which are usually made to fit a standard-size sheet of paper and come with a glue channel down the spine.
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This type of binding uses either a 3:1 pitch hole pattern with three holes per inch or a 2:1 pitch hole pattern with two holes per inch. The three to one hole pattern is used for smaller books that are up to 9/16" in diameter while the 2:1 pattern is normally used for thicker books as the holes are
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under the tooling and stamps were imported from the
Islamic world in the 15th century, and thereafter the gold-tooled leather binding has remained the conventional choice for high quality bindings for collectors, though cheaper bindings that only used gold for the title on the spine, or not at all,
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The next step is the restoration of the book cover. This can be as complicated as completely re-creating a period binding to match the original using whatever is appropriate for that time it was originally created. Sometimes this means a new full leather binding with vegetable tanned leather, dyed
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comes from taking care of the institution's archive of books. The goal of restoration is to return the book to a previous state as envisioned by the restorer, often imagined as the original state of the book. The methods of restoration have been developed by bookbinders with private clients mostly
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Hand bookbinders create new bindings that run the gamut from historical book structures made with traditional materials to modern structures made with 21st-century materials, and from basic cloth-case bindings to valuable full-leather fine bindings. Repairs to existing books also encompass a broad
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is one example of this type. Perfect bound books usually consist of various sections with a cover made from heavier paper, glued together at the spine with a strong glue. The sections are milled in the back and notches are applied into the spine to allow hot glue to penetrate into the spine of the
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together at the spine to form a text block. In contrast to oversewing, through-the-fold books have wide margins and can open completely flat. Pages cannot fall out unless they are ripped. Many varieties of sewing stitches exist, from basic links to the often-used Kettle Stitch. While
Western books
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are considered more ephemeral than books, and less durable means of binding them are usual. In general, the cover papers of magazines will be the same as the inner pages (self-cover) or only slightly heavier (plus cover). Most magazines are stapled or saddle-stitched; however, some are bound with
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is the most economical form of mechanical binding when using plastic or metal. It is commonly used for atlases and other publications where it is necessary or desirable for the publication to be opened back onto itself without breaking or damaging the spine. A number of different varieties exist,
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is used to permanently rivet pages together using a plastic strip on the front and back of the document. Sheets for the document are punched with a line of holes near the bound edge. A series of pins attached to a plastic strip called a Comb feeds through the holes to the other side and then goes
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Until the mid-20th century, covers of mass-produced books were laid with bookcloth, but from that period onward, most publishers adopted clothette, a kind of textured paper which vaguely resembles cloth but is easily differentiated on close inspection. Most cloth-bound books are now half-and-half
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is generally credited with having introduced cotton-based book cloth to wholesale bookbinding, which was of great importance to the economy and global expansion of book sales in the 19th century. The new material was much longer lasting than paper "boards" and significantly cheaper than the more
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beginning in the mid-15th century, bookbinding began to standardize somewhat, but page sizes still varied considerably.. Paper leaves also meant that heavy wooden boards and metal furniture were no longer necessary to keep books closed, allowing for much lighter pasteboard covers. The practice of
257:. According to T. C. Skeat, "in at least three cases and probably in all, in the form of codices" and he theorized that this form of notebook was invented in Rome and then "must have spread rapidly to the Near East". In his discussion of one of the earliest pagan parchment codices to survive from
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Conservation and restoration are practices intended to repair damage to an existing book. While they share methods, their goals differ. The goal of conservation is to slow the book's decay and restore it to a usable state while altering its physical properties as little as possible. Conservation
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refers to a binding method that utilises thermal adhesive tape applied to the base of a document. A tape binding machine, such as the PLANAX COPY Binder or Powis Parker
Fastback system, is then typically used to complete the binding process and to activate the thermal adhesive on the glue strip.
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Western books from the fifth century onwards were bound between hard covers, with pages made from parchment folded and sewn onto strong cords or ligaments that were attached to wooden boards and covered with leather. Since early books were exclusively handwritten on handmade materials, sizes and
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Double-fan adhesive binding starts off with a stack of loose pages, which is run over a roller, "fanning" the pages, to apply a thin layer of glue to each page edge. Then the pages are perfectly aligned to form a text block, and the glued edges of the text block are attached to a piece of cloth
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In China (only areas using
Traditional Chinese), Japan, and Taiwan, literary books are written top-to-bottom, right-to-left, and thus are bound on the right, while textbooks are written left-to-right, top-to-bottom, and thus are bound on the left. In mainland China the direction of writing and
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is a type of binding that is used for books that will be viewed or read in an office or home type environment. The binding involves the use of a C-shaped wire spine that is squeezed into a round shape using a wire closing device. Double wire binding allows books to have smooth crossover and is
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The spine of the book is an important aspect in book design, especially in cover design. When the books are stacked up or stored in a shelf, what is on the spine is the only visible information about the book. In a bookstore, the details on the spine are what initially attract attention.
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Some books that appeared in the mid-20th century signature-bound appear in reprinted editions in glued-together editions. Copies of such books stitched together in their original format are often difficult to find and are much sought after for both aesthetic and practical reasons.
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Typically, the first step in saving and preserving a book is its deconstruction. The text pages need to be separated from the covers and, if necessary, the stitching removed. This is done as delicately as possible. All page restoration is done at this point, be it the removal of
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the spine text, when the book is standing upright, runs from the bottom up, so the title can be read by tilting the head to the left. This allows the reader to read spines of books shelved in alphabetical order in accordance to the usual way: left-to-right and top-to-bottom.
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The sections are then hand-sewn in the style of its period, back into book form, or the original sewing is strengthened with new lining on the text-spine. New hinges must be accounted for in either case both with text-spine lining and some sort of end-sheet restoration.
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In either case, one of the modern standards for conservation and restoration is "reversibility". That is, any repair should be done in such a way that it can be undone if and when a better technique is developed in the future. Bookbinders echo the physician's creed,
623:
In the German book-distribution system of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the end-user buyers of books "generally made separate arrangements with either the publisher or a bookbinder to have printed sheets bound according to their wishes and their budget".
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Bookbinding is a skilled trade that requires measuring, cutting, and gluing. A finished book requires many steps to complete. This is usually determined by the materials needed and the layout of the book. Bookbinding combines skills from the trades of
915:
Spiral coil binding uses a number of different hole patterns for binding documents. The most common hole pattern used is 4:1 pitch (4 holes per inch). However, spiral coil spines are also available for use with 3:1 pitch, 5:1 pitch and 0.400-hole
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relief panels or enamel elements. Very few of these have survived intact, as they have been broken up for their precious materials, but a fair number of the ivory panels have survived, as they were hard to recycle; the divided panels from the
1228:". While reversibility is one standard, longevity of the functioning of the book is also very important and sometimes takes precedence over reversibility especially in areas that are invisible to the reader such as the spine lining.
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are more sturdily made, with traditional gatherings or sections of bifolios, usually larger, and more expensive. The difference between the two can usually easily be seen by looking for the sections in the top or bottom sides of the
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in Egypt, Eric Turner seems to challenge Skeat's notion when stating "its mere existence is evidence that this book form had a prehistory" and that "early experiments with this book form may well have taken place outside of Egypt".
291:, "to fasten"âappeared when the text of the individual testaments of the Bible were combined and text had to be searched through more quickly. This book format became the preferred way of preserving manuscript or printed material.
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The book was not needed in ancient times, as many early Greek textsâscrollsâwere 30 pages long, which were customarily folded accordion-fashion to fit into the hand. Roman works were often longer, running to hundreds of pages. The
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were always more common. Although the arrival of the printed book vastly increased the number of books produced in Europe, it did not in itself change the various styles of binding used, except that vellum became much less used.
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certification, though no such certification exists in the United States. MFA programs that specialize in the 'Book Arts' (hand papermaking, printmaking and bookbinding) are available through certain colleges and universities.
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affordable in many colors. This binding is great for annual reports, owners' manuals and software manuals. Wire bound books are made of individual sheets, each punched with a line of round or square holes on the binding edge.
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Modern bookbinding by hand can be seen as two closely allied fields: the creation of new bindings, and the repair of existing bindings. Bookbinders are often active in both fields. Bookbinders can learn the craft through
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and diameters. The supplies themselves can be re-used or recycled. In the United States, comb binding is often referred to as 19-ring binding because it uses a total of 19 holes along the 11-inch side of a sheet of paper.
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combs, but they last for a shorter time. Next, one encloses the bound stack of paper in a cover. Finally, one places an attractive cover onto the boards, and features the publisher's information and artistic decorations.
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When creating new work, modern hand binders often work on commission, creating bindings for specific books or collections. Books can be bound in many different materials. Some of the more common materials for covers are
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reminds us, most newly published books were sold with customised or temporary bindings. There are various commercial techniques in use today. Today, most commercially produced books belong to one of four categories:
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lining to form the spine. Double-fan adhesive bound books can open completely flat and have a wide margin. However, certain types of paper do not hold adhesive well, and, with wear and tear, the pages can come loose.
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Sewing through the fold (also called Smyth Sewing), where the signatures of the book are folded and stitched through the fold, has been called the "gold standard" for binding. The signatures are then sewn and
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formats were often hinged together along one edge, analogous to the spine of modern books, as well as a folding concertina format. Such a set of simple wooden boards sewn together was called by the Romans a
3416:â A rich set of tools, ranging in age from 60 years old to 100 years old, used by the first independent craft binder to set up shop in Vancouver, British Columbia, from the UBC Library Digital Collections
1139:, a flat, tapered, polished piece of bone used to crease paper and apply pressure. Additional tools common to hand bookbinding include a variety of knives and hammers, as well as brass tools used during
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1562:, the pages are aligned, cut, and glued with a strong and flexible layer that holds the book together. In a paperback book, the visible portion of the spine is part of the flexible layer.
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are generally sewn through punched holes or sawed notches along the fold, some Asian bindings, such as the
Retchoso or Butterfly Stitch of Japan, use small slits instead of punched holes.
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publications. Though many publishers have started to provide "library binding" editions, many libraries elect to purchase paperbacks and have them rebound in hard covers for longer life.
833:". The textblock is then attached to the cover or "case" which is made of cardboard covered with paper, cloth, vinyl or leather. This is also known as cloth binding, or edition binding.
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Regardless of whether a book is bound with a hardcover or bound with a paperback cover, the binding of the signatures determines the durability of the book-as-artefact. In the case of
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book: (i) how to bind the paper sheets into a book block; (ii) how to cover and protect the bound pages; and (iii) how to label and decorate the book covers that protect the pages.
1163:). Those bindings that are made with exceptionally high craftsmanship, and that are made of particularly high-quality materials (especially full leather bindings), are known as
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on their spines; rather they were shelved flat with their spines inward, and titles written with ink along their fore edges. Modern books display their titles on their spines.
620:, a prominent centre of the German book-trade, in 1739 had 20 bookshops, 15 printing establishments, 22 book-binders and three type-foundries in a population of 28,000 people.
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1099:; by attending specialized trade schools; by taking classes in the course of university studies, or by a combination of those methods. Some European countries offer a
634:, enabling missionaries to take portable books with them around the world, and modern wood glues enabled the addition of paperback covers to simple glue bindings.
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scrolls, editions of first five books of the Old
Testament, known as the Israelite (or Hebrew) Bible, wereâand still areâalso held in special holders when read.
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1256:, ink stains, page tears, etc. Various techniques are employed to repair the various types of page damage that might have occurred during the life of the book.
753:, hardbound or hardback book has rigid covers and is stitched in the spine. Looking from the top of the spine, the book can be seen to consist of a number of
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However, some users also refer to tape binding as the process of adding a colored tape to the edge of a mechanically fastened (stapled or stitched) document.
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is a publication that resembles a hardbound book, despite being a paperback with a hard cover. Many books sold as hardcover are actually of this type; the
1307:(folio) has two pages of text or images, front and back, therefore, "on the folium" usually is followed by an alphanumeric designation that distinguishes
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size), cheaply made with each sheet fully cut and glued at the spine; these are likely to fall apart or lose sheets after much handling or several years.
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covers with cloth covering only the spine. In that case, the cover has a paper overlap. The covers of modern hardback books are made of thick cardboard.
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elegant leather bindings. As the century progressed, fine quality mass produced covers emerged, often with bright colours and textures, introduced by
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The preparation of the "foundations" of the book could mean the difference between a beautiful work of art and a useless stack of paper and leather.
384:, whose decoration includes raised patterns and coloured tooled designs. Very grand manuscripts for liturgical rather than library use had covers in
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bound together. When the book is opened in the middle of a signature, the binding threads are visible. Signatures of hardcover books are typically
510:â 121 AD) introduced the first significant improvement and standardization of papermaking by adding essential new materials into its composition.
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The reduced cost of books facilitated cheap lightweight Bibles, made from tissue-thin oxford paper, with floppy covers, that resembled the early
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is constructed in the same way as a hardbound book, except that it lacks the hard covers. The binding is as durable as that of a hardbound book.
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Erlin, Matt (2010). "How to Think about Luxury
Editions in Late Eighteenth- & Early Nineteenth-Century Germany". In Tatlock, Lynne (ed.).
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Materials such as
Japanese tissues of various weights may be used. Colors may be matched using acrylic paints or simple colored pencils.
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129:; these were stored in boxes or shelving with small cubbyholes, similar to a modern wine rack. Court records and notes were written on
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Modern Bookbinding: A Treatise Covering Both Letterpress and Stationery Branches of the Trade, with a Section on Finishing and Design
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Case binding is the most common type of hardcover binding for books. The pages are arranged in signatures and glued together into a "
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retain the binding on the right, which allows the art, laid out to be read right-to-left, to be published without mirror-imaging it.
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also refer to the size of the finished book, based on the sheet size that a paper maker could produce with a manual printing press:
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volume (sixteen-page signature) is typically 5 to 6 in (13 to 15 cm) by 8 to 9 in (20 to 23 cm), the size of a
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volume (eight-page signature) is typically 9 by 12 in (23 by 30 cm), about the size of a modern magazine. A sheet folded
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being wound through a number of holes punched along the spine of the book, providing a hinge with a greater degree of flexibility.
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229:, meaning "the trunk" of a tree, around the first century AD. Two ancient polyptychs, a pentaptych and octoptych, excavated at
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range of techniques, from minimally invasive conservation of a historic book to the full restoration and rebinding of a text.
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Luxury medieval books for the library had leather covers decorated, often all over, with tooling (incised lines or patterns),
82:) for books planned to be written in. These include: accounting ledgers, business journals, blank-page books, guest logbooks,
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dynasties (1644â1912), and finally the adoption of Western-style bookbinding in the 20th century (coupled with the European
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Eloquent witnesses: bookbindings and their history ; a volume of essays dedicated to the memory of Dr Phiroze Randeria
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series is an example. This type of document is usually bound with thermal adhesive glue using a perfect-binding machine.
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A variation of the hardcover which is more durable is the calf-binding, where the cover is either half or fully clad in
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1906:
1363:. In a finished book, each section is sewn through the fold. The number of bifolia determine the name of the section:
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by the year 300 AD. By the 6th century AD, the scroll and wax tablet had been completely replaced by the codex in the
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1513:(12mo), 24mo, 32mo, and 64mo are page sizes that allow printing between 24 and 128 pages on a single sheet of paper.
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side of a leaf faces right when the leaf is held upright from the spine (usually an even-numbered page in a book).
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side of a leaf faces left when the leaf is held upright from the spine (usually an odd-numbered page in a book).
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realized that personal books would need to fit in saddle bags and thus produced books in the smaller formats of
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Islamic bookcover features a with a flap on the back cover that encloses the front when the book is closed.
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Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5: Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 1: Paper and Printing
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Pugliese Carratelli, Giovanni (1950). "L'Instrumentum Scriptorium nei Monumenti Pompeiani ed Ercolanesi".
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book. The other three sides are then face trimmed, allowing the magazine or paperback book to be opened.
571:). The initial phase of this evolution, the accordion-folded palm-leaf-style book, most likely came from
253:. Martial used the term with reference to gifts of literature exchanged by Romans during the festival of
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will have folds at the spine and at the top, which must be trimmed before the leaves can be turned. A
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volume is typically 15 in (38 cm) or more in height, the largest book of regular dimensions.
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1503: in (11 by 17 cm), the dimensions of a mass-market paperback book. A sheet of paper folded
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Foot, Mirjam M. (2022)."Who Planted the Trees? Pioneers in the development of Bookbinding History."
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methods have been developed in the course of taking care of large collections of books. The term
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4662:
4215:
830:
179:
2660:
ABC of bookbinding: a unique glossary with over 700 illustrations for collectors and librarians
2247:
Publishing Culture and the "Reading Nation": German Book History in the Long Nineteenth Century
4992:
4940:
4846:
4154:
3971:
3935:
3907:
3877:
3837:
3668:
3601:
3379:
3328:
3304:
3294:
3273:
3238:
3215:
3201:
3171:
3150:
3119:
3105:
3079:
3054:
3033:
2999:
2978:
2966:
2933:
2870:
2812:
2663:
2539:
2457:
2437:
2397:
2255:
2203:"Aldus Manutius facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Aldus Manutius"
2051:
2030:
2000:
1975:
1786:
1729:
1586:
binding for all books was changed to be like left to right languages in the mid-20th century.
1225:
1172:
and backed spine, laced-in boards, sewn headbands, decorative end sheets, leather cover etc."
1135:
Hand bookbinders use a variety of specialized hand tools, the most emblematic of which is the
729:
652:
368:
47:
3248:
Middleton, B.C. 1963 "A History of English Craft Bookbinding Technique" New York & London
5074:
5012:
4935:
4879:
3791:
3224:
Klepikov, S.A. (1961). "Russian Bookbinding from the 11th to the Middle of the 17th Century.
1439:
1215:
1119:
836:
536:
389:
269:
in Egypt. Consisting of primarily Gnostic texts in Coptic, the books were mostly written on
247:
160:
361:
5135:
5084:
4884:
4836:
4613:
4341:
4200:
3930:
3700:
3596:
3408:
3391:
2819:
2634:
Leslie, W. (2016). "Bridging the Gap: Artist's Book and Design Bindings by Karen Hanmer".
2595:
2584:
2573:
2562:
2543:
2528:
2464:
2379:
2330:
2319:
1781:
1714:
1546:
1461:
798:
532:
416:
381:
190:
91:
4564:
3424:
1291:
It is usually harder to restore leather books because of the fragility of the materials.
761:(a single sheet folded three times), though they may also be folio, quarto, or 16mo (see
2735:
2344:
825:
There are a number of methods used to bind hardcover books. Those still in use include:
5044:
4965:
4725:
4618:
4166:
3948:
3852:
3847:
3809:
3690:
3168:
Japanese Bookbinding: Instructions from a Master Craftsman / adapted by Barbara Stephan
2962:
1810:
1724:
1631:
1541:
1422:
1280:
1096:
981:
691:
646:
599:
591:
576:
564:
517:
410:
406:
327:
108:
3384:
2863:
2476:
Parisi, Paul (February 1994). "Methods of Affixing Leaves: Options and Implications".
1342:
is a single sheet of paper folded in half to make two leaves; the plural is "bifolia".
456:
5109:
5064:
4975:
4856:
4841:
4374:
4294:
3786:
3371:
Online exhibit of publishers' bookbinding, 1830â1910 from the University of Rochester
3265:
3015:
2787:
2761:
2709:
2683:
2608:
2495:
1754:
1661:
1627:
792:
758:
351:
150:
3159:
Harrop, Dorothy J. 1975. "Craft Binders at Work V: H. J. Desmond Yardley, 1905-72."
2588:
439:
over boards, and had a brief title hand-written on the spine. Techniques for fixing
5032:
4970:
4950:
4866:
4750:
4720:
4682:
4677:
4628:
4581:
4569:
4529:
4389:
4366:
4284:
4256:
4225:
4008:
3857:
1805:
1744:
905:
891:
881:
583:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
513:
331:
243:
233:
employed a unique connecting system that presages later sewing on thongs or cords.
3282:
Romme, Mirjam M. (1969). "The Henry Davis Collection I: The British Museum Gift."
4310:
3069:
3048:
3027:
2993:
2948:
2245:
163:
was a massive 200 pages long and was used in funerary services for the deceased.
5059:
5022:
5017:
4909:
4826:
4783:
4765:
4755:
4697:
4667:
4652:
4623:
4539:
4464:
4434:
4379:
4251:
4241:
4220:
4106:
4096:
4033:
3958:
3917:
3819:
3766:
3710:
3643:
3638:
3583:
3575:
1639:
1535:
1276:
1048:
701:
668:
587:
496:
492:
432:
339:
323:
278:
266:
258:
230:
1453:(also 4to. and 4Âș) is twice folded in half at right angles to make four leaves.
1184:
Hardbound book with half leather binding (spine and corners) and marbled boards
5094:
4803:
4778:
4745:
4657:
4549:
4544:
4491:
4481:
4469:
4454:
4439:
4424:
4394:
4345:
4068:
4049:
3988:
3862:
3842:
3827:
3741:
3695:
3611:
3588:
3435:
1854:
1844:
1839:
1241:
1235:
Rebacking saving original spine, showing one volume finished and one untouched
1136:
1066:
1022:
1014:
710:
420:
Sammelband of three alchemical treatises, bound in Strasbourg by Samuel Emmel
343:
254:
207:
130:
75:
2521:
2250:. Studies in German Literature Linguistics and Culture Series. Vol. 76.
1248:
that sometimes are limited to a small handful of remaining copies worldwide.
236:
At the turn of the first century, a kind of folded parchment notebook called
5089:
5079:
5054:
4960:
4904:
4899:
4889:
4831:
4818:
4798:
4788:
4740:
4715:
4710:
4687:
4643:
4606:
4559:
4444:
4429:
4187:
4054:
3966:
3925:
3781:
3771:
3628:
3447:
3303:
Tomlinson, W and Master, R (1996 "Bookcloth 1823-1980", Stockport, Cheshire
3270:
Binding design and paper conservation of antique books, albums and documents
1734:
1465:
1127:
1061:
958:
953:
933:
861:
814:
802:
762:
750:
440:
385:
299:
215:
138:
39:
4117:
3353:
digital collection, Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto
3325:
Books, Boxes and Portfolios: Binding Construction, and Design Step-by-Step
2831:
2287:
1616:
differ about the direction in which the title along the spine is rotated:
1208:
Conservation and restoration of books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera
1196:
Cloth book cover with attached paper panel, mimicking half leather binding
5007:
5002:
4985:
4945:
4919:
4735:
4730:
4705:
4672:
4601:
4496:
4449:
4409:
4279:
4101:
4028:
4003:
3993:
3981:
3976:
3902:
3882:
3801:
3715:
3375:
2896:
1834:
1029:
1009:
937:
898:
844:
540:
184:
145:, referring to the beechwood on which early written works were recorded.
83:
3126:. (Originally published by Rinehart & Company, 1946 in two volumes.)
1901:
5039:
4894:
4874:
4793:
4773:
4596:
4586:
4554:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4384:
4195:
4076:
4018:
3998:
3887:
3776:
3761:
3685:
3658:
3616:
2662:. New Castle (Del.) Nottingham (GB): Oak Knoll press The Plough press.
2555:
1800:
1160:
1148:
970:
806:
788:
617:
500:
335:
315:
285:, in modern Lebanon. The idea of numbering each side of the pageâLatin
270:
250:
211:
134:
2456:
Joshua P. Hochschild, Publishers' Bind, First Things (November 2020),
1930:
Pompeiana: raccolta di studi per il secondo centenario degli di Pompei
1677:
1533:
might require trimming of the other two edges. Moreover, books with a
5027:
4851:
4476:
4459:
3705:
2891:
1828:
1457:
1446:
1253:
628:
610:
604:
436:
347:
319:
282:
154:
126:
90:
and binding deals with books planned to be read. This comprises: the
79:
2498:. Stanford University Libraries and Academic Information Resources.
1507:(also 16mo. and 16Âș) is folded in half four times to make 16 leaves.
1043:
969:
The paper is placed in the cover, heated in a machine (resembling a
925:
Some of the different types of thermally activated binding include:
697:
Traditional Chinese and Korean bookbinding and Japanese stab binding
86:, manifold books, day books, diaries, and portfolios. The second is
17:
1231:
4576:
4521:
4419:
3402:
University of Iowa Libraries Bookbinding Models Digital Collection
3365:
2129:
2127:
1676:
1593:
1578:
1521:
separates the leaves of the bound book into pages. A sheet folded
1472:(also 8vo. and 8Âș) is folded in half three times to make 8 leaves.
1404:
1329:
1320:
1258:
1230:
1156:
1152:
1126:
1118:
1042:
1021:, joins a set of nested folios into a single magazine issue; most
910:
855:
765:). Unusually large and heavy books are sometimes bound with wire.
740:
631:
572:
512:
415:
393:
365:
Decorative binding with figurehead of the 12th century manuscript
360:
311:
298:
220:
178:
164:
104:
67:
63:
46:
38:
3539:
3133:. London: The Bibliographical Society, The British Library, 2004.
4997:
4955:
4808:
4414:
4399:
3720:
2421:. New York & London: Hafner Publishing Company. p. 346.
488:
59:
4314:
4121:
3732:
3548:
1315:, thus "folio 5r" means "On the recto of the leaf numbered 5":
745:
Book conservators at the State Library of New South Wales, 1943
141:. The modern English word "book" comes from the Proto-Germanic
125:
Writers in the Hellenistic-Roman culture wrote longer texts as
3544:
3396:
2566:
1974:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 38.
1475:
A sextodecimo volume (thirty-two-page signature) is typically
909:
though all are produced through the basic principle of a wire
451:
3425:
UNCG Digital Collections: American Publishers' Trade Bindings
3251:
Pearson, David. 2020. "Bookbinding History and Sacred Cows."
1263:
Example of blind tooling a book binding with exquisite detail
3366:
Several free books on Bookbinding, Gilding, Box construction
795:. This is also called full-bound or, simply, leather bound.
2458:
https://www.firstthings.com/article/2020/11/publishers-bind
3420:
Dutch art nouveau and art deco bookbindings on Anno1900.nl
2436:. Stockport, Cheshire: Dorothy Tomlinson. pp. 1â143.
405:
were given a new gold relief cover in about 1500, and the
242:
in Latin, became commonly used for writing throughout the
3350:
Great and Manifold: A Celebration of the Bible in English
74:
The trade of binding books is in two parts: the first is
2382:" at My Handbound Books â Bookbinding Blog, 19 June 2011
107:, textile and leather-working crafts, model making, and
94:
fine binding, edition binding and publisher's bindings.
3397:
Publishers Bindings Online, 1815â1930: The Art of Books
2536:
2396:. Stockport, Cheshire: Dorothy Tomlinson. p. vii.
1539:(uncut) are untrimmed and usually are special interest
1408:
is a series of quires sewn and bound through the folds.
1112:
bind, but often an existing commercially bound book is
547:(618â907), improved by the 'butterfly' bindings of the
468:
413:, New York) have their original cover from around 800.
334:
during the 1st century AD. First described by the poet
3429:
2577:
527:
replaced traditional Chinese writing supports such as
342:, it largely replaced earlier writing mediums such as
210:
were commonly used in Antiquity as a writing surface.
2496:"A Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology: self-cover"
1953:
1951:
1034:
perfect binding and use thermally activated adhesive.
427:, showing metal clasps and leather covering of boards
3313:
Waller, Ainslie C. "The Guild of Women-Binders", in
3026:
Skeat, Theodore Cressy (2004). Elliot, J. K. (ed.).
2343:
Cyril James, Humphries Davenport (23 January 2006).
2322:
library exhibition "Islamic Books and Bookbinding";
2050:. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press. pp. 79â117.
598:
In the early sixteenth century, the Italian printer
4928:
4865:
4817:
4764:
4696:
4520:
4365:
4272:
4234:
4153:
4042:
3957:
3916:
3818:
3800:
3740:
3582:
2813:
ANSI/NISO Z39.41-1997 Printed Information on Spines
1831: â Japanese historic precursor to modern books
1359:if unprinted) is a group of bifolia organized as a
1143:(as seen in the lead photograph for this article).
376:The earliest surviving European bookbinding is the
3014:
2862:
2762:"Etherington & Roberts. Dictionaryâsexternion"
520:book board from a book published in London in 1872
3291:Non-adhesive Binding: Books Without Paste or Glue
2788:"Etherington & Roberts. Dictionaryâsignature"
2274:bound according to their wishes and their budget.
535:and paper scrolls. The evolution of the codex in
30:"Bookbinder" redirects here. For other uses, see
3345:Fine Printing & Binding of the English Bible
2419:A History of English Craft Bookbinding Technique
1598:Three books with different titling orientations:
3245:. (Originally published by B.T. Batsford, 1952)
3179:
2710:"Etherington & Roberts. Dictionaryâsection"
3458:. Vol. IV (9th ed.). pp. 41â44.
3186:
3029:The Collected Biblical Writings of T. C. Skeat
2932:. Vancouver, BC: David & Charles Limited.
2930:The Craft of Bookbinding: A Practical Handbook
2609:"Etherington & Roberts. Dictionaryâfolder"
642:The history of book-binding methods features:
4326:
4133:
3560:
2684:"Etherington & Roberts. Dictionaryâquire"
2432:Tomlinson, William; Masters, Richard (1996).
2373:Secret Belgian Binding â not a secret anymore
2173:"A brief history of shelving, and other news"
776:, which dominated bookbinding for a century.
187:containing about ten codices depicted in the
8:
2834:Spine titles on books and other publications
2288:"Historic Cut-away Binding Structure Models"
2133:
2118:
2106:
1942:
805:binding of books intended for the rigors of
719:(or "crisscross binding"), invented in 1986.
551:(960â1279), the wrapped back binding of the
401:are among the most notable. The 8th century
392:, often studded with gems and incorporating
133:, while important documents were written on
4059:
3378:, by Cyril James Humphries Davenport, from
3200:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1978.
2535:, The London College of Communication, and
1999:. London: British Academy. pp. 15â22.
1220:interested in improving their collections.
366:
286:
237:
224:
188:
4333:
4319:
4311:
4140:
4126:
4118:
3567:
3553:
3545:
649:: a method of sewing leaves/pages together
380:of about 700, in red goatskin, now in the
3116:Bookbinding: Its Background and Technique
1397:) â six bifolia, producing twelve leaves.
882:Double wire, twin loop, or Wire-O binding
754:
555:(1271â1368), the stitched binding of the
3385:British Library Database of Bookbindings
3357:Book bindings through the ages on Flickr
3293:. Fairport, NY: Sigma Foundation, 1992.
3212:The Practical Guide to Craft Bookbinding
2992:Roberts, Colin H.; Skeat, T. C. (1987).
2231:
1887:
1857: â Japanese traditional bookbinding
265:Early intact codices were discovered at
3430:BBinding project, resources and manuals
2578:â Nova Scotia College of Art and Design
2094:
2082:
2070:
2029:, New York & Oxford, 1991, p. 473.
1875:
1868:
1381:â four bifolia, producing eight leaves;
1174:
543:in the 9th century AD, during the late
3237:. New York: Dover Publications, 1957.
3118:. New York: Dover Publications, 1980.
3102:Bookbinding: A Guide to the Literature
2589:University of the Arts in Philadelphia
1375:â three bifolia, producing six leaves;
491:paper had existed in China during the
2953:. H.M. Stationery Office – via
2653:
2651:
2649:
2183:from the original on 13 February 2017
2171:Piepenbring, Dan (12 November 2015).
1957:
1626:In texts published or printed in the
1387:â five bifolia, producing ten leaves;
1369:â two bifolia, producing four leaves;
1025:are well-known examples of this type.
7:
3493:Bookbinding: Its Processes and Ideal
3071:Geschichte des deutschen Buchhandels
2742:from the original on 3 February 2009
2615:from the original on 9 November 2011
1995:Roberts, Colin H; Skeat, TC (1983).
586:manufacturing in Europe in the late
582:With the arrival (from the East) of
577:Buddhist missionaries and scriptures
569:traditional Chinese printing methods
314:-style book, using sheets of either
3414:Dorothy Burnett's bookbinding tools
3214:. London: Thames and Hudson, 1985.
3149:. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold,
2890:Drösser, Christoph (9 April 2011).
2794:from the original on 11 August 2011
2213:from the original on 9 October 2016
1816:Bookbindings in the British Library
1131:Traditionally sewn book opened flat
2842:from the original on 31 March 2022
2022:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
1825:– a book bound in human skin
1299:In U.S. publishing the terms are:
223:(pl. codices)âfrom the Latin word
25:
3525:"Bookbinding and Book Collecting"
3104:. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1982.
2904:from the original on 7 April 2022
2790:. US Government Printing Office.
2768:from the original on 18 July 2011
2764:. US Government Printing Office.
2716:from the original on 18 July 2011
2712:. US Government Printing Office.
2690:from the original on 18 July 2011
2686:. US Government Printing Office.
2611:. US Government Printing Office.
2502:from the original on 16 June 2012
2394:Foreword to "Bookcloth 1823-1980"
2353:from the original on 27 July 2020
2294:from the original on 27 June 2015
774:Archibald Winterbottom & Sons
159:, meaning "to cut". The Egyptian
66:format, from an ordered stack of
4915:Bronze and brass ornamental work
3731:
3506:Davenport, Cyril J. H. (1911). "
3434:
3376:English Embroidered Bookbindings
3327:. New York: Design Press, 1990.
3076:History of the German Book Trade
2738:. National Diet Library, Japan.
2346:English Embroidered Bookbindings
1189:
1177:
575:and was introduced to China via
455:
43:A traditional bookbinder at work
3260:English Blind-Stamped Bindings.
3170:. New York: Weatherhill, 1986.
2151:Boundless Books and Writingware
1972:The Typology of the Early Codex
3317:Autumn 1983, published by the
3268:, Licheva, Elitsa and others,
2537:The North Bennet Street School
2533:The Camberwell College of Arts
2417:Middleton, Bernard C. (1963).
1123:Hardbound book spine stitching
674:Calf binding ("leather-bound")
322:(before the spread of Chinese
1:
3319:Private Libraries Association
3129:Foot, Mirjam Michaela (ed.).
3078:] (in German). C.H.Beck.
951:(pulp paperbacks) are small (
608:(one-quarter-size pages) and
525:Bookbinding in medieval China
504:
421:
196:
58:is the process of building a
3262:Cambridge: University Press.
1417:contains the text. Although
1202:Conservation and restoration
495:period (202 BC â 9 AD), the
273:, and while many are single-
246:. This term was used by the
155:
27:Process of assembling a book
4262:List of proofreader's marks
3624:Canons of page construction
3540:American Bookbinding Museum
3462:Joseph William Zaehnsdorf,
3272:, (BBinding), Sofia, 2014.
3180:
3178:. (Originally published as
3100:Brenni, Vito J., compiler.
3068:Wittmann, Reinhard (2011).
2736:"Printing and Book Designs"
2392:Middleton, Bernard (1995).
1907:Online Etymology Dictionary
1621:Top-to-bottom (descending):
936:books. It is also used for
921:Thermally activated binding
728:For several hundred years,
206:In addition to the scroll,
32:Bookbinder (disambiguation)
5172:
3533:Metropolitan Museum of Art
3361:National Library of Sweden
3163:24 (no 2) Summer: 245-250.
3142:71 no.3 (Autumn): 417â424.
2975:Cambridge University Press
2955:Victoria and Albert Museum
1693:
1651:Bottom-to-top (ascending):
1205:
29:
4352:
3752:Anthropodermic bibliopegy
3729:
3187:
3047:Vaughan, Alex J. (1950).
2947:Harthan, John P. (1950).
2865:The Book on the Bookshelf
2658:Greenfield, Jane (2002).
2046:Greenfield, Jane (2002).
1681:Modern book spine designs
1608:Early books did not have
724:Modern commercial binding
707:Anthropodermic bibliopegy
614:(one-eighth-size pages).
403:Vienna Coronation Gospels
4092:Intentionally blank page
3390:26 February 2015 at the
3286:18 no 1 (spring): 23â44.
3258:Oldham, J. Basil, 1952.
2861:Petroski, Henry (1999).
2818:14 November 2008 at the
2636:Journal of Artists Books
2594:21 November 2007 at the
2572:12 December 2007 at the
2556:Columbia College Chicago
2463:13 November 2020 at the
2333:from the Brooklyn Museum
2134:Needham & Tsien 1985
2119:Needham & Tsien 1985
2107:Needham & Tsien 1985
1943:Roberts & Skeat 1987
1284:any particular project.
996:Stitched or sewn binding
51:Bookbinder's type holder
5050:Painting in HĂ€lsingland
4148:Book publishing process
3513:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
3498:Popular Science Monthly
3489:Cobden-Sanderson, T. J.
3455:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
3407:12 January 2009 at the
3230:10 4 (autumn): 408â422.
3017:Introducing Bookbinding
3013:Robinson, Ivor (1968).
2998:. OUP/British Academy.
2583:5 February 2009 at the
2290:. Book Arts Web. 2013.
2027:Oxford University Press
873:Different types of the
658:Long-stitch bookbinding
539:began with folded-leaf
529:bamboo and wooden slips
487:Although early, coarse
330:), was invented in the
4060:
3481:Arts and Crafts Essays
3472:T. J. Cobden-Sanderson
3465:The Art of Bookbinding
3147:Simplified Bookbinding
2995:The Birth of the Codex
2928:Burdett, Eric (1975).
2892:"Linksdrehende BĂŒcher"
2527:26 August 2009 at the
2329:6 January 2017 at the
2318:6 January 2017 at the
2147:"The Book on Two Legs"
1997:The Birth of the Codex
1710:Archibald Winterbottom
1702:Guild of Women-Binders
1682:
1605:
1303:In a finished book, a
1264:
1236:
1132:
1124:
1091:
949:Mass-market paperbacks
865:
746:
717:Secret Belgian binding
709:(rare) bookbinding in
680:In-board cloth binding
521:
428:
399:Codex Aureus of Lorsch
373:
367:
307:
303:9th-century Qur'an in
287:
238:
225:
203:
189:
52:
44:
4182:intellectual property
3439:Texts on Wikisource:
3198:Manual of Bookbinding
2567:University of Alabama
2285:See some examples at
1970:Turner, Eric (1977).
1822:Destinies of the Soul
1740:Jane Bissell Grabhorn
1694:Further information:
1680:
1597:
1577:Many translations of
1262:
1234:
1130:
1122:
1046:
859:
744:
638:Forms of book binding
516:
499:Chinese court eunuch
448:Introduction of paper
419:
364:
302:
182:
50:
42:
5070:Pressed flower craft
4211:Developmental editor
4206:Commissioning editor
4178:Contract negotiation
2522:Centro del bel Libro
2378:15 July 2015 at the
2207:www.encyclopedia.com
1750:Carolyn Price Horton
1696:Category:Bookbinders
1602:(middle) descending
1579:Japanese comic books
1466:trade paperback book
1295:Terms and techniques
809:use and are largely
665:Wooden-board binding
239:pugillares membranei
88:letterpress printing
5141:Egyptian inventions
4487:Spinning (textiles)
4405:Friendship bracelet
4190:rates, format, etc.
3529:Digital Collections
3449:"Bookbinding"
3315:The Private Library
3210:Johnson, Arthur W.
3196:Johnson, Arthur W.
3181:Hon no tsukuriikata
2869:. Alfred A. Knopf.
2561:12 May 2009 at the
2542:16 May 2008 at the
2434:Bookcloth 1823-1980
2136:, pp. 227â229.
1932:. pp. 166â178.
1850:Swell (bookbinding)
1777:Gligorije VozareviÄ
1772:Polly Lada-Mocarski
1039:Modern hand binding
943:National Geographic
687:Embroidered binding
683:Cased cloth binding
590:and the use of the
121:Origins of the book
4172:Publisher's reader
4087:Fore-edge painting
4082:Extra-illustration
3523:Museum Libraries.
3284:The Book Collector
3227:The Book Collector
3161:The Book Collector
3139:The Book Collector
2967:Tsien, Tsuen-Hsuin
2324:spread out example
2254:. pp. 25â54.
2048:ABC of Bookbinding
1683:
1658:continental Europe
1606:
1265:
1237:
1133:
1125:
1092:
932:is often used for
866:
769:Archibald Leighton
747:
677:Paper case binding
522:
467:. You can help by
429:
378:St Cuthbert Gospel
374:
308:
305:Reza Abbasi Museum
204:
175:Early book formats
153:word for book was
53:
45:
5103:
5102:
4993:Hardstone carving
4941:Balloon modelling
4455:Ribbon embroidery
4308:
4307:
4115:
4114:
3994:Addendum/Appendix
3878:Table of contents
3380:Project Gutenberg
3278:978-954-92311-8-2
3235:Basic Bookbinding
3166:Ikegami, Kojiro.
3085:978-3-406-61760-7
3060:978-0-7090-5820-5
3005:978-0-19-726061-6
2669:978-1-884718-41-0
2478:New Library Scene
2109:, pp. 38â41.
1945:, pp. 15â22.
1900:Harper, Douglas.
1787:Joseph Zaehnsdorf
1730:Douglas Cockerell
1600:(left) ascending
1554:Paperback binding
1468:. A sheet folded
1226:First, do no harm
1101:Master Bookbinder
1080:Right page, recto
1047:Scheme of common
978:cardboard article
877:binding include:
791:, usually from a
737:Hardcover binding
730:Bernard Middleton
653:Ethiopian binding
485:
484:
390:treasure bindings
369:Liber Landavensis
16:(Redirected from
5163:
5156:Print production
5075:Qing handicrafts
4880:Chemical milling
4335:
4328:
4321:
4312:
4142:
4135:
4128:
4119:
4063:
3792:Treasure binding
3735:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3546:
3536:
3517:
3516:(11th ed.).
3502:
3459:
3451:
3438:
3289:Smith, Keith A.
3255:21 (4): 498â517.
3192:
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2371:Miller, Rhonda "
2369:
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1483:
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1193:
1181:
1083:Left page, verso
1019:saddle-stitching
959:Trade paperbacks
559:(1368â1644) and
509:
506:
480:
477:
459:
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426:
423:
372:
290:
241:
228:
201:
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161:Book of the Dead
158:
21:
5171:
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5166:
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5164:
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5160:
5131:Book publishing
5106:
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5104:
5099:
5085:Straw marquetry
4924:
4861:
4837:Enamelled glass
4813:
4760:
4692:
4516:
4361:
4348:
4342:Decorative arts
4339:
4309:
4304:
4273:Book production
4268:
4230:
4216:Authors' editor
4201:Literary editor
4149:
4146:
4116:
4111:
4038:
3953:
3949:Tipped-in pages
3912:
3893:Acknowledgments
3814:
3796:
3743:
3736:
3727:
3701:Recto and verso
3587:
3578:
3573:
3522:
3505:
3501:. Vol. 46.
3491:(March 1895). "
3487:
3442:
3409:Wayback Machine
3392:Wayback Machine
3341:
3184:
3097:
3095:Further reading
3092:
3086:
3067:
3061:
3046:
3040:
3025:
3012:
3006:
2991:
2985:
2963:Needham, Joseph
2961:
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2939:978-071536656-1
2927:
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2320:Wayback Machine
2313:Yale University
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2093:
2089:
2085:, pp. 8â9.
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2018:
2014:
2007:
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1865:
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1796:
1791:
1782:Ignatz Wiemeler
1762:
1720:William Anthony
1715:Katharine Adams
1698:
1692:
1675:
1604:(right) upright
1603:
1601:
1599:
1592:
1573:
1568:
1560:perfect binding
1556:
1547:book collectors
1499:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1462:digest magazine
1297:
1210:
1204:
1197:
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1185:
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1090:
1089:
1041:
998:
966:Thermal binding
930:Perfect binding
923:
914:
886:
871:
823:
799:Library binding
739:
726:
640:
507:
481:
475:
472:
465:needs expansion
450:
424:
382:British Library
297:
199:
191:Codex Amiatinus
183:Early medieval
177:
123:
118:
100:
92:library binding
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5169:
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5146:Graphic design
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5013:Leatherworking
5010:
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4966:Egg decorating
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4167:Literary agent
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3853:Imprimi potest
3850:
3848:Edition notice
3845:
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3340:
3339:External links
3337:
3336:
3335:
3323:Zeier, Franz.
3321:
3311:
3301:
3287:
3280:
3266:Petkov, Rossen
3263:
3256:
3249:
3246:
3231:
3222:
3208:
3194:
3164:
3157:
3145:Gross, Henry.
3143:
3134:
3127:
3114:Diehl, Edith.
3112:
3096:
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2487:
2484:(1): 8â11, 15.
2468:
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2409:
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2234:, p. 269.
2224:
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2123:
2121:, p. 227.
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1811:Book rebinding
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1725:George A. Baer
1722:
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1691:
1690:Notable people
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1632:United Kingdom
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1421:refers to the
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1017:, also called
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982:Modern Library
974:
963:
922:
919:
918:
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906:Spiral binding
903:
896:
889:
875:punch and bind
870:
869:Punch and bind
867:
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801:refers to the
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702:Girdle binding
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692:Bradel binding
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647:Coptic binding
639:
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600:Aldus Manutius
592:printing press
567:that replaced
565:printing press
483:
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411:Morgan Library
407:Lindau Gospels
328:Imperial China
296:
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176:
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109:graphic design
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4934:
4933:
4931:
4927:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4864:
4858:
4857:Stained glass
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4842:Glass etching
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4763:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4519:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4375:Banner-making
4373:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4336:
4331:
4329:
4324:
4322:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4257:Proof-reading
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4189:
4186:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4152:
4143:
4138:
4136:
4131:
4129:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4062:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3956:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3936:Illustrations
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3915:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3832:bastard title
3831:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3787:Picture cover
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3739:
3734:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3612:Marginal note
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3570:
3565:
3563:
3558:
3556:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3450:
3445:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3333:0-8306-3483-5
3330:
3326:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3300:
3299:0-927159-04-X
3296:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3243:0-486-20169-4
3240:
3236:
3233:Lewis, A. W.
3232:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3221:
3220:0-500-27360-X
3217:
3213:
3209:
3207:
3206:0-684-15332-7
3203:
3199:
3195:
3182:
3177:
3176:0-8348-0196-5
3173:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3158:
3156:
3155:0-442-22898-8
3152:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3124:0-486-24020-7
3121:
3117:
3113:
3111:
3110:0-313-23718-2
3107:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3087:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3072:
3066:
3062:
3056:
3052:
3051:
3045:
3041:
3039:90-04-13920-6
3035:
3031:
3030:
3024:
3019:
3018:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2990:
2986:
2984:0-521-08690-6
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2951:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2931:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2886:
2883:
2878:
2876:0-375-40649-2
2872:
2867:
2866:
2857:
2854:
2841:
2837:
2835:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2809:
2806:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2741:
2737:
2731:
2728:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2702:
2689:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2661:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2630:
2627:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2520:Such as the:
2517:
2514:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2453:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2435:
2428:
2425:
2420:
2413:
2410:
2405:
2399:
2395:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2309:
2306:
2293:
2289:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2263:
2261:9781571134028
2257:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2232:Wittmann 2011
2228:
2225:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2167:
2164:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2064:
2059:
2057:1-884718-41-8
2053:
2049:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2016:
2013:
2008:
2006:0-19-726061-6
2002:
1998:
1991:
1988:
1983:
1981:0-8122-7696-5
1977:
1973:
1966:
1963:
1960:, p. 45.
1959:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1936:
1931:
1924:
1921:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1888:Robinson 1968
1884:
1881:
1878:, p. xi.
1877:
1872:
1869:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1755:Fortino Jaime
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1689:
1687:
1679:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:French Canada
1663:
1662:Latin America
1659:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1628:United States
1622:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1611:
1596:
1589:
1587:
1580:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1249:
1245:
1243:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1209:
1201:
1192:
1187:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1151:, decorative
1150:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1129:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1000:
999:
995:
989:
986:
983:
979:
975:
972:
967:
964:
960:
956:
955:
950:
945:
944:
939:
935:
931:
928:
927:
926:
920:
912:
907:
904:
900:
897:
893:
890:
883:
880:
879:
878:
876:
868:
863:
858:
850:
846:
841:
838:
835:
832:
828:
827:
826:
820:
818:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
794:
790:
785:
781:
777:
775:
770:
766:
764:
760:
756:
752:
743:
736:
734:
731:
723:
718:
715:
712:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
648:
645:
644:
643:
637:
635:
633:
630:
625:
621:
619:
615:
613:
612:
607:
606:
601:
596:
593:
589:
585:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
531:, as well as
530:
526:
519:
515:
511:
502:
498:
494:
490:
479:
476:February 2013
470:
466:
463:This section
461:
458:
454:
453:
447:
445:
442:
438:
434:
418:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
371:
370:
363:
359:
355:
353:
352:Western world
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
306:
301:
294:
292:
289:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
263:
260:
256:
252:
249:
245:
240:
234:
232:
227:
222:
217:
213:
209:
193:
192:
186:
181:
174:
172:
168:
166:
162:
157:
152:
151:Ancient Greek
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
120:
115:
113:
110:
106:
97:
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
72:
69:
65:
62:, usually in
61:
57:
49:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5033:Glass mosaic
4951:Bone carving
4751:Wood carving
4746:Wood burning
4721:Chip carving
4678:Scrapbooking
4663:Papier-mùché
4629:Papercutting
4582:Iris folding
4570:Photomontage
4565:Papier collé
4534:
4530:Altered book
4390:Cross-stitch
4289:
4226:Copy editing
4009:Bibliography
3898:Introduction
3858:Nihil obstat
3838:Frontispiece
3820:Front matter
3756:
3654:Illumination
3531:. New York:
3528:
3511:
3496:
3479:
3463:
3453:
3444:Paton, James
3348:
3324:
3314:
3290:
3283:
3269:
3259:
3252:
3234:
3225:
3211:
3197:
3167:
3160:
3146:
3137:
3130:
3115:
3101:
3075:
3070:
3049:
3028:
3016:
2994:
2970:
2950:Bookbindings
2949:
2929:
2906:. Retrieved
2895:
2885:
2864:
2856:
2844:. Retrieved
2833:
2826:
2808:
2796:. Retrieved
2782:
2770:. Retrieved
2756:
2744:. Retrieved
2730:
2718:. Retrieved
2704:
2692:. Retrieved
2678:
2659:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2617:. Retrieved
2603:
2550:
2516:
2504:. Retrieved
2490:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2452:
2433:
2427:
2418:
2412:
2393:
2387:
2367:
2355:. Retrieved
2349:. BookRags.
2345:
2338:
2308:
2296:. Retrieved
2281:
2272:
2265:. Retrieved
2252:Camden House
2246:
2239:
2227:
2215:. Retrieved
2206:
2197:
2185:. Retrieved
2176:
2166:
2154:. Retrieved
2150:
2141:
2114:
2102:
2095:Harthan 1950
2090:
2083:Harthan 1950
2078:
2073:, p. 8.
2071:Harthan 1950
2066:
2047:
2041:
2020:
2015:
1996:
1990:
1971:
1965:
1938:
1929:
1923:
1911:. Retrieved
1905:
1895:
1890:, p. 9.
1883:
1876:Vaughan 1950
1871:
1820:
1806:Book folding
1760:Paul Kersten
1745:James Hayday
1684:
1655:
1650:
1636:Commonwealth
1625:
1620:
1614:
1607:
1584:
1559:
1557:
1542:objets dâart
1540:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1510:
1504:
1469:
1450:
1432:
1428:
1418:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1339:
1328:
1319:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1290:
1286:
1281:hand-marbled
1277:natural dyes
1273:
1269:
1266:
1250:
1246:
1238:
1222:
1214:
1211:
1168:
1164:
1145:
1134:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1093:
1028:
1018:
1013:through the
1008:
1002:
988:Tape binding
987:
977:
965:
952:
941:
929:
924:
892:Comb binding
874:
872:
824:
797:
786:
782:
778:
767:
748:
727:
641:
626:
622:
616:
609:
603:
597:
581:
553:Yuan dynasty
549:Song dynasty
545:Tang dynasty
523:
486:
473:
469:adding to it
464:
433:blind stamps
430:
375:
356:
332:Roman Empire
309:
264:
244:Roman Empire
235:
205:
169:
147:
142:
124:
105:paper making
101:
73:
55:
54:
36:
5126:Book design
5116:Bookbinding
5060:Pietra dura
5023:Micromosaic
4956:Doll making
4910:Silversmith
4827:Cameo glass
4784:Earthenware
4756:Woodturning
4668:Pop-up book
4653:Papermaking
4540:Calligraphy
4535:Bookbinding
4465:Rug hooking
4435:Needlepoint
4415:Lace-making
4380:Canvas work
4252:Typesetting
4221:Book editor
4157:preparation
4107:Thumb index
4073:Die-cutting
4034:Author page
3959:Back matter
3918:Body matter
3767:Dust jacket
3757:Bookbinding
3744:back covers
3711:Rubrication
3664:Historiated
3584:Page layout
3576:Book design
3508:Bookbinding
3476:Bookbinding
3021:. Batsford.
2267:19 February
2019:"Codex" in
1763: [
1656:In most of
1644:Netherlands
1640:Scandinavia
1571:Orientation
1545:to and for
1536:Deckle edge
1385:quinternion
1159:(see also:
1049:book design
1023:comic books
669:Limp vellum
588:Middle Ages
497:Eastern-Han
493:Western Han
425: 1568
344:wax tablets
340:Roman Spain
326:outside of
324:papermaking
295:Development
279:scriptorium
267:Nag Hammadi
259:Oxyrhynchus
231:Herculaneum
208:wax tablets
131:wax tablets
56:Bookbinding
5110:Categories
5095:Wall decal
5018:Miniatures
4936:Assemblage
4804:Terracotta
4779:Bone china
4658:Paper toys
4624:Papercraft
4550:Cast paper
4545:Cardmaking
4492:String art
4482:Shoemaking
4470:Rug making
4440:Needlework
4395:Embroidery
4385:Crocheting
4346:handicraft
4163:Submission
4069:Book rhyme
4050:Book curse
3989:Postscript
3972:Conclusion
3868:Dedication
3863:Imprimatur
3843:Title page
3828:Half-title
3742:Front and
3696:Pull quote
3597:Annotation
3589:typography
3309:0952773600
2832:"ISO 6357
2619:23 October
2506:22 October
2443:0952773600
2403:0952773600
2357:25 January
2187:27 January
2035:0195046528
1958:Skeat 2004
1863:References
1845:Stiffening
1840:Prize book
1391:sexternion
1379:quaternion
1242:provenance
1137:bonefolder
1067:Book cover
1055:Belly band
1015:centerfold
837:Oversewing
755:signatures
711:human skin
255:Saturnalia
248:Roman poet
214:and later
200: 700
76:stationery
5151:Paper art
5121:Book arts
5090:Taxidermy
5080:Scrimshaw
5055:Pargeting
4981:Grotesque
4961:Dollhouse
4905:Goldsmith
4900:Jewellery
4890:Engraving
4847:Glassware
4832:Chip work
4799:Stoneware
4789:Porcelain
4741:Marquetry
4716:Carpentry
4711:Cabinetry
4688:Wallpaper
4614:Embossing
4607:Moneygami
4560:Decoupage
4445:Patchwork
4430:Millinery
4061:ex-librīs
4055:Bookplate
3967:Afterword
3926:Body text
3802:Endpapers
3782:Paperback
3772:Hardcover
3681:Miniature
3669:Inhabited
3649:Headpiece
3629:Catchword
3032:. Brill.
2554:Such as:
2217:7 October
1735:Otto Fein
1531:in octavo
1523:in quarto
1511:Duodecimo
1470:in octavo
1451:in quarto
1419:signature
1414:signature
1353:gathering
1141:finishing
1074:Fore edge
1030:Magazines
1003:sewn book
938:magazines
934:paperback
916:patterns.
862:paperback
831:textblock
815:paperback
803:hardcover
763:Book size
751:hardcover
584:rag paper
541:pamphlets
508: 50
441:gold leaf
386:metalwork
216:polyptych
139:parchment
84:notebooks
78:binding (
5045:Ornament
5008:Lapidary
5003:Lath art
4986:Gargoyle
4946:Beadwork
4920:Ironwork
4736:Intarsia
4731:Fretwork
4726:ĂbĂ©niste
4706:Bentwood
4683:Stamping
4673:Quilling
4619:Marbling
4602:Kirigami
4592:Kamikiri
4497:Tapestry
4450:Quilting
4410:Knitting
4295:Trimming
4280:Printing
4247:Indexing
4235:Prepress
4102:Slipcase
4029:Postface
4024:Colophon
4004:Glossary
3999:Endnotes
3977:Epilogue
3944:Sections
3931:Chapters
3903:Prologue
3883:Foreword
3873:Epigraph
3716:Typeface
3686:Ornament
3602:Footnote
3446:(1878).
3405:Archived
3388:Archived
3053:. Hale.
2969:(1985).
2902:Archived
2897:Die Zeit
2840:Archived
2816:Archived
2792:Archived
2766:Archived
2740:Archived
2714:Archived
2688:Archived
2642:: 47â49.
2613:Archived
2592:Archived
2587:and the
2581:Archived
2570:Archived
2559:Archived
2540:Archived
2525:Archived
2500:Archived
2461:Archived
2376:Archived
2351:Archived
2327:Archived
2316:Archived
2298:23 March
2292:Archived
2211:Archived
2181:Archived
1835:Prebound
1794:See also
1642:and the
1519:Trimming
1367:duernion
1351:(also a
1340:bifolium
1216:archival
1062:Endpaper
1010:Stapling
899:VeloBind
212:Diptychs
185:bookcase
98:Overview
5040:Netsuke
4895:Etching
4875:Andiron
4794:Pottery
4774:Azulejo
4766:Ceramic
4634:Chinese
4597:Origami
4587:Jianzhi
4555:Collage
4512:Weaving
4507:Tie-dye
4502:Tatting
4425:Macrame
4400:Felting
4367:Textile
4357:History
4300:Imprint
4290:Binding
4285:Folding
4196:Editing
4188:royalty
4097:Pop-ups
4077:Endband
3888:Preface
3810:Marbled
3777:Leather
3762:Buckram
3659:Initial
3617:Scholia
3359:by the
3253:Library
2921:Sources
2908:9 April
2846:8 March
2836:, 1985"
2798:17 July
2720:17 July
2156:3 April
1913:8 March
1855:WasĆbon
1801:Bindery
1590:Titling
1529:folded
1498:⁄
1484:⁄
1395:sextern
1373:ternion
1361:section
1348:section
1161:buckram
1149:leather
971:griddle
860:Modern
821:Methods
811:serials
807:library
789:leather
671:binding
618:Leipzig
611:octavos
605:quartos
518:Marbled
501:Cai Lun
388:called
348:scrolls
336:Martial
316:papyrus
271:papyrus
251:Martial
135:papyrus
127:scrolls
116:History
5136:Crafts
5028:Mosaic
4885:Enamel
4852:Mirror
4644:Slavic
4639:Jewish
4477:Sewing
4460:Carpet
4242:Design
4184:rights
4019:Errata
3706:Rubric
3676:Margin
3644:Header
3639:Footer
3634:Column
3484:, 1893
3468:, 1890
3331:
3307:
3297:
3276:
3241:
3218:
3204:
3188:æŹăźă€ăăæč
3174:
3153:
3122:
3108:
3082:
3057:
3036:
3002:
2981:
2936:
2873:
2772:7 June
2746:7 June
2694:7 June
2666:
2565:, the
2440:
2400:
2258:
2054:
2033:
2003:
1978:
1902:"book"
1829:Orihon
1673:Design
1664:, and
1634:, the
1630:, the
1610:titles
1464:and a
1458:octavo
1447:quarto
1433:quarto
1393:(also
1279:, and
1254:foxing
1155:, and
1114:pulled
1086:Gutter
864:spines
759:octavo
632:Qurans
629:Arabic
489:hempen
437:vellum
320:vellum
288:pagina
283:Byblos
226:caudex
143:*bokiz
80:vellum
4929:Other
4867:Metal
4819:Glass
4577:Decal
4522:Paper
4420:Lucet
4014:Index
3982:Outro
3940:Parts
3607:Gloss
3478:" in
3074:[
1767:]
1566:Spine
1527:quire
1440:folio
1429:Folio
1405:codex
1357:quire
1330:verso
1321:recto
1313:verso
1311:from
1309:recto
1275:with
1169:extra
1157:cloth
1153:paper
962:book.
911:helix
845:glued
573:India
537:China
409:(now
394:ivory
338:from
312:codex
275:quire
221:codex
165:Torah
68:paper
64:codex
4998:Inro
4809:Tile
4698:Wood
4344:and
4155:Copy
3721:Font
3586:and
3329:ISBN
3305:ISBN
3295:ISBN
3274:ISBN
3239:ISBN
3216:ISBN
3202:ISBN
3172:ISBN
3151:ISBN
3120:ISBN
3106:ISBN
3080:ISBN
3055:ISBN
3034:ISBN
3000:ISBN
2979:ISBN
2934:ISBN
2910:2011
2871:ISBN
2848:2020
2800:2007
2774:2009
2748:2009
2722:2007
2696:2009
2664:ISBN
2621:2008
2508:2008
2438:ISBN
2398:ISBN
2359:2020
2300:2015
2269:2013
2256:ISBN
2219:2016
2189:2017
2158:2020
2052:ISBN
2031:ISBN
2001:ISBN
1976:ISBN
1915:2018
1431:and
1355:and
1327:The
1318:The
1305:leaf
1240:the
1165:fine
1077:Tail
1071:Head
1058:Flap
954:16mo
813:and
793:calf
561:Qing
557:Ming
533:silk
346:and
310:The
156:tome
60:book
18:12mo
3510:".
3495:".
3474:, "
1489:by
1456:An
1167:or
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318:or
137:or
5112::
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2648:^
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1950:^
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505:c.
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