13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian)

894: 680: 1470: 956: 2076:, incited a mutiny and led 100 men back to Bosnia. Himmler finally agreed to the disarming of the "unreliable" Bosnians under Operation Herbstlaub (Autumn Leaves) on 25 October. Between 900 and 1,000 Bosnians in the Brčko bridgehead and over 2,300 in Zagreb were allocated to labour battalions and similar non-combatant auxiliary duties, although the disarming operation was not completed in the Zagreb area until mid-November. By the beginning of November the division, which had been ninety-five percent non-German in January 1944, became fifty percent German. The plans to re-organise the division were abandoned and Sauberzweig was relieved of command. In addition, Sauberzweig's IX SS Mountain Corps staff was dissolved and the remnants were placed under the command of LXVIII Army Corps, under which they remained for the rest of the war. 1143: 1675:. After four hours of fighting, and with half the battery's personnel dead, the artillerymen ran out of small arms ammunition and scattered into the forest. As a result of a counterattack by II/28 on the afternoon of 9 June and throughout 10 June, the 16th Vojvodina Division withdrew that afternoon and the battalion pursued both the "Western Column" and "Centre Column" south. The guns and vehicles of 7/AR13 had been destroyed by the Partisans before they withdrew and there were reports that the German dead at Lopare had been mutilated. The "Eastern Column" was stopped by the 27th Regiment and the last of the Partisan 3rd Corps was pushed back across the Spreča on 12 June. 1545:, commenced Operation Maiglöckchen (May Bell) to destroy several Partisan brigades in the Majevicas. The Partisans were encircled in the Stolice heights. An attempt by the Partisan 16th Vojvodina Division to relieve the surrounded force was defeated by the reconnaissance battalion and elements of the 28th Regiment. The relieving column was driven back across the Spreća. After heavy bombardment by the artillery regiment, the trapped Partisan force escaped south out of the pocket under cover of darkness on 18 May. The Partisans suffered considerable casualties, for example, the 17th Majevica Brigade of the 733:

Himmler was personally fascinated by the Islamic faith and believed that Islam created fearless soldiers. He found their ferocity preferable to the gentility of Christians and believed their martial qualities should be further developed and put to use. He thought that Muslim men would make perfect SS soldiers as Islam "promises them Heaven if they fight and are killed in action." As for their ethnic background and SS requirements, it appears that Himmler accepted the theories advanced by both Croatian and German nationalists that the Croatian people, including the Muslims, were not ethnic Slavs but pure

1056: 2484: 1756:, and captured the towns of Osmaci and Memići and damaged the airfield despite stiff resistance. That afternoon, the 19th Birač Brigade counter-attacked and pushed the German and Chetniks back across the Tuzla–Zvornik road. At the same time as the counter-attack was underway, the headquarters of the Partisan 3rd Corps ordered the 36th Vojvodina Division to clear the enemy from the area so that the airfield could be used. During the night of 14/15 July, elements of the 36th Vojvodina Division arrived in the Osmaci area and relieved the 19th Birač Brigade, which moved towards 879:Šuljak and von Krempler soon fell out over the aims and purposes of the proposed division. Šuljak, an entirely political appointee, criticised von Krempler's Serbian dialect and his use of traditional Islamic colours and emblems (green flags and crescent moons) during the recruitment drive rather than the Ustaše symbols. When he reached Tuzla in central Bosnia, von Krempler met with the militia leader Hadžiefendić. On 28 March, Hadžiefendić escorted von Krempler to Sarajevo, where he introduced him to the leader of Bosnia's Islamic clergy, Hafiz Muhamed Pandža, the 35: 2056:

advancing Red Army. The 28th Regiment, I/27 and III/AR 13 were to remain behind at the Brčko bridgehead to keep the Sava river bridge open. The heavy desertions from the division were the main reason for the move from north-east Bosnia to northern Croatia, but it made matters worse: the Bosnians were very reluctant to leave Bosnia and the already serious desertion rate became a flood when the move began on 16 October 1944. Many took their weapons with them and hundreds joined the Partisans. In mid-October, 700 members of the division stationed at

89: 77: 59: 1779: 2233:. On learning of the orders, unit imams of the 28th Regiment "approached their commander, Hans Hanke and requested that they and their men be discharged and be allowed to attempt to return to their homeland ... Soon, all of the Bosnians remaining in the division were asked if they wished to remain." There are two reports of large-scale reprisal killings of these members of the division by the Partisans, one of which included the mass shooting of 1,400 soldiers. 1562: 659:(2 December), and Tuzla (11 December). The resolutions condemned the Ustaše in Bosnia and Herzegovina, both for their mistreatment of Muslims, and for their attempts to turn Muslims and Serbs against one another. One memorandum declared that since the beginning of the Ustaše regime, the Muslims had dreaded the lawless activities that the Ustaše, Croatian government authorities, and various illegal groups had been perpetrating against the Serbs. 1226: 814:. This reflected the concerns shared by Pavelić and Kasche that an exclusively Muslim division might aid a Muslim bid for independence. As a compromise, the word "Croatian" was included in its official title and Catholic Croatian officers were recruited. Himmler and Phleps largely prevailed and created the division as they saw fit, leaving the NDH very unhappy with the outcome, particularly regarding its ethnic composition. 6175: 1878:

casualties. On 23 July, the Partisans began to withdraw south out of the area. The division began to search for the hidden Partisan bases that German intelligence had indicated were located there. After a day of searching, the division uncovered more than ten Partisan bases, which the cooperating Chetniks began to clear despite having shown little interest in actually fighting the Partisans in previous days.

6700: 978:(NCOs). Tomasevich states that it was formed with 23,200 Muslims and 2,800 Croats, with mostly German officers. He further states it was the largest of the Muslim SS divisions, with 26,000 men. Lepre indicates that the division's prescribed strength was reduced from 26,000 to 21,000, and Cohen states that the division achieved a maximum strength of 17,000 in April 1944. The division had a Muslim 920:, then resident in Berlin, assist in organising and recruiting Muslims into the Waffen-SS and other units. He was escorted by Krempler, who spoke Turkish. From 30 March to 10 April, the Mufti visited Zagreb, Sarajevo, and Banja Luka to meet senior Muslim leaders and agitate in support of the new division. The Mufti also blessed and inspected the division, during which he used the 1418:, an important economic objective for the German war machine. Following fighting which continued into the evening of 13 April, the 27th Regiment reported Partisan casualties of 106 dead, 45 captured and two deserters along with large amounts of weapons and ammunition. The regiment also seized a huge amount of medical supplies from aid stations in the area of Donja Trnova. 1013:. For a long period after its official formation, the division was unnamed and was referred to as the "Kroatische SS-Freiwilligen-Division" (Croatian SS-Volunteer Division) or the "Muselmanen-Division" (Muslim Division). The decision by the Waffen-SS to form and train the division outside Bosnia was contrary to the advice given by the NDH's German plenipotentiary general, 1088:, and unit physician Dr. Willfried Schweiger. Malkoč told the Bosnian enlisted men of 1st Company that they were being deceived, released the German NCOs and rallied the company to hunt down the ringleaders. Schweiger did the same with the 2nd Company. Dizdarević and Džanić were shot and killed during the fighting, and Vukelić was captured, while Jelinek escaped. 6728: 1786: 1818: 1802: 1968:

being pressed hard during two days of fighting against the 11th Krajina Division. By the end of the first week in September, divisional supply columns were being attacked by Chetniks, sensing German weakness and looking for arms and supplies. Three members of the division were killed in these attacks. Over the same week, the Allies conducted

1312:

only do you (have these) in your hands, but above all you have an idea in your hearts – to liberate the homeland. ... Before long, each of you shall be standing in the place that you call home, as a soldier and a gentleman; standing firm as a defender of the idea of saving the culture of Europe – the idea of Adolf Hitler."

1882:

ammunition. The division suffered 24 killed and over 150 wounded. Communist sources hold that the Partisans suffered serious losses, with the 12th Corps alone having 250 dead, wounded and missing. However, Partisan reports estimate that German losses were significantly larger than their own. Erich Braun was recommended for the

1719:. Both the new corps headquarters and new division were to be formed in southern Hungary. Three NCOs from every company of the 13th SS Division, along with other personnel, were transferred to form the core of the 23rd SS Division. New commanders were appointed to the two mountain infantry regiments, notably Hanke to the 28th. 2182:(Spring Awakening), which was to be Germany's last major offensive. Meanwhile, from December 1944 to March 1945, the rest of the division remained at Barcs rebuilding. In February, they had been joined by the divisional pioneer battalion, which had finally managed to withdraw from Bosnia. On 16 March, the Soviets launched the 1866:

and seized the high ground south of Šekovići on 19 July 1944. The 28th Regiment forced the Partisan 36th Vojvodina Division back. The battalion from the 7th SS Division encountered serious resistance around Vlasenica but pushed through. On 19 July, the 28th Regiment drove north towards Gornje Petrovice to attack the Partisan

1744:

Brigade of the 27th East Bosnia Division between 3 and 6 July, and the first flight into the airfield occurred on the night of 6/7 July. The 19th Birač Brigade was also responsible for its defence. Two battalions of the 27th Regiment, along with a battalion of Chetniks from Majevica launched the operation from the line of

1126:(The local population saw Bosnian Muslims as Croats of Islamic faith). It still commemorates "the revolt of the Croats" every 17 September. Cohen states that after the war, the Yugoslav government requested a name change to "the Revolt of the Yugoslavs" to obscure the mutineers' ethnicity, but the French refused. The 1847:

Chetnik battalion that cooperated in Operation Fliegenfänger, would attack east towards Šekovići and the 28th Regiment would push south. A detached battalion of the 7th SS Division would act as a blocking force driving north. Hampel was unhappy with the performance of the new commander of the 27th Regiment (

2171:, the division retained little of its original Bosnian character. Despite the return of disarmed Bosnians from labour units, the attachment of Hungarian infantry and artillery units and the arrival of German replacements meant the division looked almost the same as any other unit in the Second Panzer Army. 2014:, reaching the Janja garrison at 10 pm that night and receiving artillery reinforcement by 3/AR 13 during the night. At dawn the following day, an additional four Partisan brigades attacked the garrison in Janja, with fighting continuing throughout the day before the Partisans withdrew to the south. 1461:, lightly armed and mobile "hunter teams" of company or battalion strength, were used to break up and harass Partisans still operating on the flanks. These teams killed over 380 Partisans and captured over 200 between 21 and 23 April. By mid-April, half of the security zone had been cleared of Partisans. 1667:

plan underestimated the strength of the Partisan "Western Column" and had placed only one battalion (I/28) on high ground in the Partisans' path. This battalion included many raw recruits and was protecting two batteries of the artillery regiment, one of which (7/AR13) was deployed just east of Lopare.

2001:

Due to high rates of desertion from the 13th SS Division, Sauberzweig proposed to disarm the Bosnians in both the 13th SS Division and the 23rd SS Division, but Himmler instead opted to transport the 2,000 Bosnians of the 23rd SS Division from Hungary to Bosnia and re-organise the remaining troops of

1988:

and allied Chetniks captured Skurgić. After relief by NDH forces, the division's fighting regiments withdrew to Brčko for rest and refit. As a result of the shift to the western area of the security zone, the zone's southern area was quickly overrun by Partisan forces. Zvornik and Tuzla had fallen by

1939:, which had launched an offensive near Vlasenica. The inability of the 27th Regiment to push forward meant that the plan to encircle the Partisan force was not achieved and the Partisans escaped by crossing the Vlasenica–Han Pijesak road to the east. Other Partisan forces withdrew in the direction of 1315:

Sauberzweig also ordered that each commander read a prepared message as his unit crossed the Sava River, which emphasised that the "liberation of Bosnia" and ultimately the liberation of "Muslim Albania" was their goal. This was a direct appeal to the Albanian troops as well as the Bosnians. The 27th

1112:

Speaking of the Bosnian Muslim troops who had served in the Austro–Hungarian army, Himmler later said, "I knew there was a chance that a few traitors might be smuggled into the division, but I haven't the slightest doubt concerning the loyalty of the Bosnians. These troops were loyal to their supreme

2277:

made the declaratory judgement that the Waffen-SS was a criminal organisation due to its major involvement in war crimes and crimes against humanity, including the killing of prisoners-of-war and atrocities committed in occupied countries. Excluded from this judgement were those who were conscripted

2272:

While it achieved successes and proved itself competent in counter-insurgency operations against the Partisans in eastern Bosnia, the division earned a reputation for brutality and savagery, not only during combat operations, but also through atrocities committed against Serb and Jewish civilians in

1743:

area about 26 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Tuzla, south of the Tuzla–Zvornik road. The airstrip was just north of the southern boundary of the security zone and was being used by Allied aircraft to bring in supplies and evacuate wounded Partisans to Italy. It had been built by the 19th Birač

1398:

on 26 March, killing 124 Partisans and capturing 14. The battalion captured several more Partisan positions in the following week. In early April, 200 Partisans of the 16th Muslim Brigade surrendered to the division. They were mostly former members of various Muslim militias who had been conscripted

1997:

On 17 August 1944, Tito offered a general amnesty and many in the division took advantage of this opportunity. During the first three weeks of September, while hard fighting continued, over 2,000 Bosnians deserted, many taking their weapons with them. They went home, joined the Green Cadres militia

1894:

In the first week of August 1944, the Second Panzer Army was finally ready to move to thwart the Partisan advance from Bosnia into Serbia, originally planned as Operation Rose. Renamed Operation Rübezahl (Mountain Spirit), the revamped plan required the 7th and 13th SS Divisions to form the Bosnian

1865:

On 17 July, the operation began. Fierce resistance was immediately encountered by the 28th Regiment, while the 27th Regiment climbed the heights to Udrč before dusk without serious opposition. Early on 18 July, the Chetniks attacked from Matkovac towards Šekovići. The 27th Regiment reached Bačkovac

1666:

Operation Vollmond (Full Moon) was devised quickly after the reconnaissance battalion observed Partisan forces crossing the Tuzla–Zvornik road on the evening of 6 June 1944. Sauberzweig's aim was to assault from the east and north, pushing the advancing Partisan forces against the Drina. The German

1389:

After Operation Save, the division remained relatively static for more than three weeks, mopping up and repelling local Partisan attacks. The Muslims were impatient to push further into Bosnia, but the reconnaissance battalion was heavily engaged on the divisional western flank, attacking positions

932:

Despite the support of al-Husseini, recruitment of Muslims for the division fell well short of the numbers needed. Himmler then allowed a 10 per cent Christian component, but the recruitment of sufficient Muslims continued to prove difficult, resulting in the induction of 2,800 Catholic Croats into

794:

who represented Pavelić. Pavelić had already agreed to raise the division, but the Waffen-SS and NDH governments had very different ideas of how it would be recruited and controlled. Lorković suggested that it be named the SS Ustaša Division, a Croatian unit raised with SS assistance, with familiar

666:

rule in Bosnia and a generally friendly attitude towards Germany among prominent Bosnian Muslims. These factors led to a push towards autonomy for the Bosnian Muslim community which was strongly opposed by Pavelić as counter to the territorial integrity of the NDH. By November 1942, the autonomists

594:

that he named the "Poglavnik's Mosque". Despite Pavelić's assurances of equality with the Croats, many Muslims quickly became dissatisfied with Croatian rule. A Muslim leader reported that not one Muslim occupied an influential post in the administration. Although this was an overstatement, Muslims

1946:

As far as the Germans were concerned, Operation Hackfleisch was a moderate success, with 227 Partisans killed and over 50 prisoners taken. It delayed, but did not prevent, the Partisans' advance into Serbia. To allow the 7th SS Division to pursue Partisan forces withdrawing towards central Bosnia,

1877:

The Partisans then committed the 16th Vojvodina Division to assist the 36th Vojvodina Division which had borne the brunt of Operation Heiderose to this point. On 20 July, both divisions attacked the 27th Regiment, which counterattacked the following day after the Partisans were rebuffed with heavy

1311:

On 15 March 1944, Operation Save was launched to clear Partisans from the Semberija region. Sauberzweig wrote an open letter to the division: "We have now reached the Bosnian frontier and will (soon) begin the march into the homeland. ... The Führer has provided you with his best weapons. Not

732:

The romantic notions that Himmler had about the Bosnian Muslims were probably significant in the division's genesis. Nonetheless, a memorandum dated 1 November 1942 also indicates that leading Muslim autonomists had already suggested the creation of a volunteer Waffen-SS unit under German command.

2386:

Several members were decorated with high German military awards, with five awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (including Hampel and Hanke), five awarded the German Cross in Gold (including Hanke) and one awarded the German Cross in Silver. All five presentations of the Knight's Cross to

1846:

In the interim, since most of the division was deployed in the southern part of the security zone, Hampel planned a divisional-level operation, named Operation Heiderose (Wild Rose) targeting Partisan positions north-west of Šekovići, south of the Spreča. The 27th Regiment, reinforced by the same

1730:

Throughout the remainder of June 1944 and into the first week of July, the division was engaged in fighting off attempted Partisan incursions into the security zone and reinforcing local NDH and Chetniks who were under attack from the Partisans. During the summer of 1944, elements of the division

1494:

area, but this was cancelled due to unsuitable weather. Flank security was to be provided by the reconnaissance battalion in the Srebrnik area. The deployment south of the Spreča, and therefore outside the security zone, during Operation Maibaum was ordered by the corps commander, Phleps, despite

1485:

to form a blockade along the Drina to prevent the Partisan force from crossing into Serbia. Operation Maibaum was one of the largest counter-insurgency operations of World War II and included 7th SS Division and NDH forces. The 13th SS Division was under the command of V SS Corps, and the primary

2055:

After a request from Army Group F to Himmler, a decision was made to move IX SS Mountain Corps and the division to perform road and railway security duties near Zagreb. This would relieve the LXIX Army Corps from those duties so that it could reinforce a defensive line along the Drina facing the

1967:

In early September 1944, the division returned north to the security zone, basing the infantry battalions in the villages of Kurukaja, Vukovije (south of Foča), Osmaci and Srebrnik. Almost immediately, the Partisan 3rd Corps commenced an offensive, attacking II/28 at Srebrnik. It held on despite

1958:

The division had by now been fighting almost continuously throughout the summer. According to divisional commander Hampel, it had been exhausted even before Operation Hackfleisch began. The cumulative effect of this exhaustion, the deteriorating situation that the Germans faced on all fronts and

1842:

While the division was conducting Operation Fliegenfänger, the Second Panzer Army was developing a plan to block a large Partisan force from moving from central Bosnia into western Serbia to reinforce the Partisans. Due to issues with the availability of various units of V SS Mountain Corps, the

1286:

and villages along the Sava. As the division entered the area, the Partisans withdrew to the southeast, avoiding a decisive engagement. Sauberzweig claimed the Partisans suffered 573 killed and 82 captured. Hoare writes that the division massacred hundreds of Serb civilians during the operation.

2526:

from 1916 to 1918. There were two versions of the fez: a field grey model to be worn in combat and while on duty and a red model for parades, marching exercises and while off duty. Both the fez and mountain cap bore the death's head and eagle of the SS. The mountain cap was also adorned with an

2313:

on 7 March 1947. All of those who were executed were junior officers and non-commissioned officers. Almost all the prisoners were released early and by 1952 all had been freed, except for one who had died. Having escaped, Hampel never faced trial and lived in Graz, Austria until his death on 11

2302:

Hans König. Trials took place at a military court in Sarajevo between 22 and 30 August 1947. Only seven of the 38 defendants were charged with specific offences, although the indictment accused the division of murdering some 5,000 people. The accused were defended by three Yugoslav lawyers: two

1678:

According to German accounts, Operation Vollmond cost the division 205 dead, 528 wounded and 89 missing. I/28 had been decimated, with only 180 men remaining. Sauberzweig claimed 3,000 Partisans were killed in this operation, but Phleps dismissed this as "a large exaggeration". According to one

1582:

After Operation Maiglöckchen, the division shifted to a largely defensive posture aimed at denying the Partisans access to the security zone. Since its arrival in the zone, the division had been assisted in this task by local forces of varying reliability. These included four groups of Chetniks

1096:

writes that 15 of the mutineers died and a further 141 were killed in a subsequent "clean-up operation." The Germans attributed the infiltration to Tito's suggestion that his Partisan followers enlist for police duty to receive superior weapons, uniforms, and training. Enlistees who were deemed

1091:

Sources vary on the number of mutineers killed after the revolt was suppressed. Tomasevich states that 78 of the worst offenders were executed, but Lepre lists only 14 executions while four more deserters were located and shot in late September. Cohen states that about 150 mutineers were killed

764:. "Srem (Syrmia) is the breadbasket of Croatia, and hopefully it and our beloved German settlements will be secured. I hope that the area south of Srem will be liberated by ... the Bosnian division ... so that we can at least restore partial order in this ridiculous (Croatian) state". 2009:

assaulted a squadron of the reconnaissance battalion at Janja close to the Drina on the eastern boundary of the security zone. As they broke out of the encirclement to the north, the rest of the reconnaissance battalion drove south from Bijeljina and stopped the Partisan advance at heavy cost.

1881:

Operation Heiderose was a significant success for the division, inflicting serious losses on the Partisans. More than 900 Partisans were killed and a large amount of equipment was captured: one anti-tank gun, two mortars, 22 machine guns, over 800 rifles and nearly 500,000 rounds of small arms

717:

and the Waffen-SS were concerned about the rapidly deteriorating security situation in the NDH that tied down German military personnel needed elsewhere. A German source noted that by 1943 over 100,000 Bosnian Muslims had been killed and 250,000 had become refugees. In addition, a serious food

1619:

in western Bosnia on 25 May 1944, the Partisan leader ordered a general uprising. The Partisan 3rd Corps planned an offensive that involved three parallel columns of divisional strength thrusting north into the zone to engage and destroy German and local allied forces. The columns comprised:

2051:

While 9/28 was fighting near Vukosavci, several units, consisting mainly of artillery, were temporarily detached for duty with other formations of the Second Panzer Army fighting Soviet troops within the German-occupied territory of Serbia. The division was not re-united until January 1945.

1597:

and the Croatian Home Guard, neither of which was effective. These same groups, along with the Partisans, had simultaneously been trying to encourage Bosnian and Croat members to defect. Between March and June 1944, these attempts were largely fruitless, producing fewer than 200 deserters.

2121:(in modern-day Croatia). As a result, the last Muslim SS troops left Bosnia. Within a week they were joined by the reconnaissance battalion, which had acquitted itself well in fighting west of Apatin. By 20 November, the Red Army was across the Danube in force at Batina. The following day 993:

By the time the division had completed its training, it was still about one-third below its designated strength in both officers and NCOs, and its officer corps remained almost entirely German. Most of the officers and NCOs were drawn from replacement units of other Waffen-SS divisions.

1722:

Soon after Hampel assumed command, he became aware that local Chetniks were scavenging the Operation Vollmond battlefields for divisional equipment. He met with the Chetnik leader Kerović and arranged for the return of the equipment in exchange for small arms ammunition and boxes of

595:

were underrepresented in government positions, with only two of 20 ministerial positions. None of the six state secretaries were Muslim, and there were only 13 Muslim "people representatives" in a total of 206. Fierce fighting broke out between the Ustaše, the Serb-chauvinist

885:, as well as other leading Muslim politicians not involved with the Ustaše. The NDH government and Kasche were furious, demanding von Krempler's immediate removal. The SS ignored the demand and von Krempler continued recruiting, including deserters from the NDH armed forces. 607:

sympathisers, and burned their villages and murdered many civilians. The Chetniks accused the Muslims of taking part in the Ustaše violence against Serbs and perpetrated similar atrocities against the Muslim population. The Muslims received little protection from the

1521:, 30 kilometres north-west of Vlasenica. Both II/28 and the reconnaissance battalion were rushed to Vlasenica, where II/28 relieved the battered I/28 and then surrounded Šekovići. After a 48-hour battle, during which II/28 was decimated, the town was taken. 1528:

on 30 April. After the situation at Šekovići improved on 1 May, the 27th Regiment returned to patrolling the Tuzla–Zvornik road. The 28th Regiment moved to the Simin Han-Lopare area on 5 May, while the 7th SS Division pursued the Partisans withdrawing south.

2337:

The following officers commanded the division. The first two raised and trained the division in its early stages of development and Sauberzweig and Hampel commanded it on active operations against the Partisans and later against the Red Army and Bulgarians:

2164:

river for that purpose. On 2 December the division was reunited, except for the rest of the pioneer battalion, which remained stranded in Bosnia by damaged bridges and railways. As a result of continued desertions and the catastrophic casualties suffered by

870:

region occupied by Germany. Despite high German expectations and considerable efforts from local collaborators, recruitment from these areas was low. Due to the low number of recruits, to raise an Albanian SS regiment the Germans mobilized the population of

1972:

throughout the Balkans, which involved Allied air power pounding Axis troop concentrations and key infrastructure to impede the German withdrawal from Greece. The local effect was to complicate the division's logistics through the destruction of the

1532:

Operation Maibaum had not only stopped the Partisan 3rd Corps from crossing the Drina into Serbia, it had scattered the Partisan formation. On 6 May, V SS Mountain Corps ordered the division to return to the security zone north of the Spreča.

1670:

Late on 7 June, the Partisans scattered I/28 and although II/28 was sent from Srebrenik to assist, the 16th Vojvodina Division surged forward against the positions of 7/AR13, which consisted of 80 men with four 150 mm guns and only one

6808: 1947:

both I/28 and III/28 were placed under the command of that division for the period of 8–17 August 1944. During the remainder of August 1944, the rump of the division fought hard to keep the Partisans out of the security zone. The Partisan

638:

The Bosnian Muslim elite and notables in various cities and towns issued resolutions or memoranda to the NDH and German authorities that publicly denounced the genocide of the Serbs and the NDH laws targeting them. These were issued in:

2325:. Iraq sent representatives to Europe and invited 2,500 Bosnian Muslims to settle there. Frantzman and Culibrk estimate that approximately 1,000 former Bosnian Muslim SS members fought in Palestine. Many of the volunteers served in the 760:'s Partisan forces operating in north-eastern Bosnia, thus restoring local "order". Himmler's primary concern in the region was not the security of the local Muslim population, but the welfare of ethnic German settlers to the north in 2504:

flower patch of the German mountain troops. The chessboard armshield was controversial, especially with the imams, who, after crossing the Sava river, removed them. Former SS personnel serving in the division were entitled to wear a

1778: 1233:

The division was formed for the primary role of securing around 6,000 square kilometres (2,300 sq mi) of territory (the designated security zone) in north-eastern Bosnia within the NDH. The security zone encompassed the

939:(Husejin Biščević or Biščević-beg; born 28 July 1884) was the highest ranking (and perhaps the oldest) Bosnian military officer to volunteer. Bišcević had served in the Austro–Hungarian army and in August 1943 was appointed as an 1984:. After the first week of September, most of the division's fighting power was shifted to the western boundary of the security zone to meet Partisan incursions. The division succeeded in dislodging Partisan units from Slatna and 5416:

Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 : die Ritterkreuzträger sämtlicher Wehrmachtteile, Brillanten-, Schwerter- und Eichenlaubträger in der Reihenfolge der Verleihung : Anhang mit Verleihungsbestimmungen und weiteren

1282:(signpost) from 9 to 12 March 1944. Operation Wegweiser aimed to clear part of the Syrmia region which was occupied by Partisans who threatened the Zagreb-Belgrade railway. The Partisans were operating from forests around 875:

in the Kosovo region on 10 April and 30 May. Eligible males who did not volunteer were rounded up by the Albanian gendarmerie to serve in the regiment. Some Muslims escaped serving in the regiment by fleeing the city.

5289:

Knight's Cross 1939–1945 The owners of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS and Volkssturm, and Allies of the German armed forces according to the documents of the Federal

5284:

Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des

1731:

were tasked with guarding Hungarian Jewish forced labourers building fortifications in Tuzla. While guarding the labourers, they subjected them to cruel treatment and shot 22 who were unable to continue working.

2495:

The division's identification symbol, used on its vehicles, was the Handschar sword. The uniform was a regular SS M43 field jacket issue, with a divisional collar patch showing an arm holding a scimitar over a

6734: 1445: 5984: 836:. The campaign began on 20 March 1943, when von Krempler and Šuljak began an 18-day recruiting tour through 11 Bosnian districts. With assistance from the SS, recruiting rallies were held in the towns of 1357:

and Koraj at the foot of the Majevica mountains. Sauberzweig later recorded that the 2nd battalion of the 28th Regiment (II/28) "at Čelić stormed the Partisan defences with the (new) battalion commander

2178:

which held up the Soviet advance. After several Red Army assaults were repulsed, static trench warfare developed between December 1944 and January 1945. In early March 1945, a few units took part in

924:. The Mufti insisted, "The most important task of this division must be to protect the homeland and families ; the division must not be permitted to leave Bosnia", but the Germans paid no attention. 424:

rivers. It also fought outside the security zone on several occasions, and earned a reputation for brutality and savagery, not only during combat operations but also for atrocities committed against

2273:

the security zone. Its reprisal attacks in northern and eastern Bosnia left many hundreds and possibly as many as several thousand Serb civilians dead by the spring and summer of 1944. The post-war

6803: 1833: 5648:

Bartulin, Nevenko (2023). "Race Theory versus a Religious World-View: SS–Ustaša Relations and Islam in the Independent State of Croatia". The English Historical Review. doi:10.1093/ehr/cead025.

5870: 1712: 1517:

I/28 captured Vlasenica on 28 April but was almost immediately attacked from the east by two Partisan divisions. A third Partisan division surrounded the headquarters of the 28th Regiment at

1328:

covered by an intense artillery bombardment. Contact was immediately made with Partisan forces, who quickly withdrew into the forests. The service support units remained north of the Sava in

6798: 1679:

German after-action report, they had killed over 1,500 Partisans and captured large amounts of arms and ammunition. According to Partisan sources, the losses of the Partisan 3rd Corps were:

2522:). The fez was chosen by Himmler because it had been worn by the Bosnian-Herzegovinian Infantry regiments of the Austro-Hungarian army from 1894 to 1918, as well as by the Austro-Hungarian 1071:, Božo Jelinek (aka Eduard Matutinović), Nikola Vukelić, and Lutfija Dizdarević, they captured most of the German personnel and executed five German officers, including battalion commander 1951:

and 38th Bosnia Division quickly infiltrated into the southern part of the security zone and the 27th East Bosnia Division crossed into the area north-west of Srebrenica and drove towards

5795: 5421:

The Knight's Cross 1939–1945: The Knight's Cross of all Branches of the Wehrmacht, Diamonds, Swords and Oak leaves in the Order of Award: Appendix with Award Terms and Further Information

1486:

tasks of the division were to capture Tuzla and Zvornik, then drive south parallel with the Drina to meet other Corps elements. The original plan included the parachute insertion of the

6066: 5993: 2096:(in modern-day Serbia). From 9 November onward, the division was committed in several stages to the Eastern Front, starting with the reconnaissance battalion which went into action at 6763: 5979: 5964: 5804: 292:, the Waffen-SS was declared to be a criminal organisation due to its major involvement in war crimes and crimes against humanity. From March to December 1944, the division fought a 6024: 5974: 5969: 5913: 1259:

The division participated in what may have been the largest anti-Partisan sweep of World War II: Operation Maibaum. The 13th SS Division also participated in other divisional and

1097:"unsuitable for service" or "politically unreliable" were subsequently purged. Eventually, 825 Bosnians were removed from the division and sent to Germany for labour service with 5879: 5123:

This is the principal text in English on the subject, and has been cited by historians such as David Motadel, Mario Jareb, and Charles L. Melson in scholarly texts and journals.

6212: 6056: 5704: 5523:

Bougarel, Xavier; Korb, Alexander; Petke, Stefan; Zaugg, Franziska (2017) . "Muslim SS units in the Balkans and the Soviet Union". In Böhler, Jochen; Gerwarth, Robert (eds.).

1425:, its 1st Battalion (I/28), made up of Albanians, incurred heavy casualties. The Partisan 3rd Corps then withdrew the 16th and 36th Vojvodina Divisions south across the Tuzla– 5778: 5787: 2253: 1502:. On 25 April, the 27th Regiment advanced south to capture Zvornik. At the same time, the 28th Regiment sent I/28 east towards Vlasenica and II/28 continuing south towards 5861: 1437:

then linking up with the Croatian Home Guard 1st Mountain Brigade. The Germans considered Operation Osterei a major success, achieving all objectives with minimal losses.

612:, the regular army of the NDH, whom the Germans described as "of minimal combat value". Local militias were raised, but these were also of limited value and only one, the 609: 6778: 6758: 2559: 1955:. After a series of rapid redeployments and battalion and regimental attacks, the division scattered the 11th Krajina Division and mauled the 27th East Bosnia Division. 1909:, south of the security zone. The overall plan involved columns that were to force the Partisans eastwards into the pincers of the other units, thereby destroying them. 1763:

According to German reports, 42 Partisans were killed, while the division's losses were four dead and seven wounded. The Partisan force withdrew south to the Vlasenica–

679: 2549: 893: 2127:

was driven out of its positions when the remaining 200 troops withdrew. By 25 November the rest of the division was on its way from the Zagreb area. The remnants of

1886:

but the recommendation was not supported, apparently due to disagreements between the divisional staff and Phleps that had occurred during the division's formation.

6768: 1235: 832:, was charged by Himmler and Phleps with organising the division. On 3 March 1943, Phleps met with von Krempler, who was to work with NDH government representative 2100:

west of the Apatin bridgehead on 10 November. They were followed by a grouping of three battalions (I/27, II/28 and II/28), an artillery battalion (III/AR 13) and

354:. It was the first non-Germanic Waffen-SS division, and its formation marked the expansion of the Waffen-SS into a multi-ethnic military force. Composed mainly of 6047: 5843: 1469: 1175:, but a short time later a change was made to differentiate it from those that were composed of Germans and it became the 13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS 955: 768: 671:

asking that he authorise the creation of an autonomous "political-administrative authority" in Bosnia within the structure of the NDH, led by a Hitler appointee.

6080: 1303:, mostly old men, women and children. The operation was a success in clearing the Bosut forests, but the Partisans returned to the area soon after it concluded. 2021: 1704: 480: 947:

to command the divisional anti-aircraft battalion. He was eventually judged unsuitable, and replaced with a German just before the division went into combat.

6813: 6380: 5919: 2564: 2214:

and barely managed to cross under constant air and ground attacks, with grievous casualties. Unable to take up effective positions, the division crossed the

1374: 1370: 1739:

Operation Fliegenfänger (Flypaper) was launched on 14 July 1944. It aimed to destroy a makeshift Partisan runway and the Partisan forces guarding it in the

1162:

region of Germany (present-day Poland) to complete its training. During the training phase, the German officers, pleased with its progress, coined the term

1047:

before being wounded. A "proven leader of men", he spoke no Serbo-Croatian but quickly gained the lasting respect and affection of the men of the division.

2569: 2006: 1402:

Operation Osterei (Easter Egg) began on 12 April 1944 intending to clear the Majevica mountain, which was held by elements of the 3rd Corps led by General

6753: 2002:

both divisions there, with key support units from 13th SS Division centralised under IX SS Mountain Corps, which would also move to Bosnia from Hungary.

1948: 6783: 4907: 1549:

lost 16 killed and 60 missing. At the conclusion of Operation Maiglöckchen, the 27th Regiment remained near Zvornik and the 28th Regiment deployed near

1043:

who had been decorated as an eighteen-year-old company commander during World War I and had served as a regimental commander during the early stages of

990:

from Kosovo and the Sandžak region who made up the 1st Battalion of the 2nd Regiment, which later became the 1st Battalion of the 28th Regiment (I/28).

459:

Most of the remaining Bosnian Muslims left at this point and attempted to return to Bosnia. The rest retreated further west, hoping to surrender to the

1142: 6248: 2027:

A few days later, the 9th Company of the 28th Regiment (9/28) displayed what could still be achieved by the Bosnians under determined leadership when

1936: 1916:

the reconnaissance battalion of the 7th SS Division was to drive west from Vareš and attack the Partisans around the town of Olovo, pushing them east;

6205: 6034: 6029: 2303:

civilians and one military officer. All were found guilty; 10 were sentenced to death, and 28 received prison terms of between five years and life.

2237: 476: 468: 6354: 6669: 6096: 963:

Sources differ regarding the division's initial composition. Pavlowitch states that sixty per cent of its recruits were Muslims and the rest were

662:

The Bosnian Muslims' dissatisfaction with the Ustaše rule of the NDH and their need for protection were combined with nostalgia for the period of

786:

On 18 February 1943, Phleps travelled to Zagreb to begin formal negotiations with the NDH government. He met with German foreign ministry envoy

5676: 1120:

When Villefranche-de-Rouergue was liberated in 1944, the local population decided to pay tribute to the mutineers by naming one of its streets

6716: 6676: 6142: 5898: 5639: 5616: 5592: 5428: 5404: 5377: 5352: 5324: 5297: 5272: 5249: 5179: 5145: 5116: 5097: 5071: 5049: 5024: 4896: 4830: 4800: 4777: 4726: 4705: 1002:

The division was initially sent to southern France for formation and training, where it was accommodated mainly in towns and villages in the

1067:

in France, a group of pro-Partisan soldiers led by Muslim and Catholic junior officers staged a mutiny within the Pioneer battalion. Led by

6793: 6788: 6635: 6040: 5752: 1343:

The 27th Regiment then consolidated its position in Bijeljina while the 28th Regiment and the divisional reconnaissance battalion (German:

1524:

While the battle of Šekovići raged, the 27th Regiment extended the Drina blockade further south, ambushing a Partisan column and reaching

841: 2020:

were sent after the fleeing enemy but were not able to inflict significant losses on them as they had already crossed the Drina into the

1760:. During the night of 16/17 July, Allied aircraft delivered equipment to Osmaci and about 100 wounded Partisans were airlifted to Italy. 6640: 6198: 5736: 1959:

rumours probably spread among members by the Partisans and Ustaše, was that the division began to disintegrate in early September 1944.

1883: 855: 6572: 5907: 5744: 5695: 2627: 2591: 2134: 1659: 1642: 1625: 1391: 752:

in World War I. He "endeavoured to restore what he called 'an old Austrian' tradition by reviving the Bosnian regiments of the former

4744:]. The History of German Prisoners of War of World War II (in German). Vol. 1. Munich, Germany: Ernst and Werner Gieseking. 2387:

members of the division are disputed and cannot be verified at the German National Archive. According to Gerhard von Seemen, Hampel,

6818: 6650: 6604: 6101: 5550: 4981: 2648: 1127: 863: 1764: 6645: 6452: 5720: 5712: 5599:

This is the main source on the subject in Serbo-Croatian, and covers the Muslim autonomy movement as well as the division itself.

2226: 1998:

or went over to the Ustaše. Many defected to the Partisans, with over 700 having joined the Partisan 3rd Corps by early October.

1651: 1612: 6773: 2475:

From 24 September 1944, the supply and logistics battalions were combined to form the 13th SS Service Support/Supply Regiment.

2174:

After a short break, the division was allocated to a sector of the Margarethe Line, a series of fixed defensive works south of

1867: 1369:

road and company strength units were sent out to conduct reconnaissance. On the night of 17–18 March, elements of the Partisan

2222:

in the so-called "Reich Defence Line", where it remained until 5 May. Its last fighting was around Kiesmanndorff on 19 April.

1246:

regions between the Sava, Bosna, Drina and Spreča rivers. It roughly corresponded with the area of operations of the Partisan

1247: 749: 633: 2179: 1031:

took command of the division from von Oberwurzer. Sauberzweig transferred to the Waffen-SS and was appointed to the rank of

222: 6327: 6275: 6121: 5834: 5728: 5396: 4769: 2603: 2084:

Meanwhile, the advance of the Red Army through Belgrade and north into the formerly Hungarian-occupied Yugoslav region of

1106: 851: 158: 6690: 2210:. The division, holding positions just south of the penetration, began to withdraw to the northwest. It fell back to the 1498:

On 23 April, the 28th Regiment pushed south along mountain roads through Tuzla. The following day it continued as far as

6623: 6178: 5944: 5939: 5814: 2321:. The Syrian government requested the transfer of 8,000 Bosnian Muslim refugees to Syria, many for recruitment into the 1974: 1487: 544: 301: 217: 94: 6370: 6243: 6167: 6147: 1590: 449: 445: 34: 1767:

area. The cooperation with the Chetnik battalion was described in the IX SS Mountain Corps war diary as "effective".

436:

area, and non-German members began to desert in large numbers. Over the winter of 1944–45, the unit was sent to the

6628: 6588: 6525: 6221: 5669: 5089: 1837:

Map of the eastern NDH showing Partisan-held areas targeted by German and Chetnik forces during Operation Heiderose

1495:

opposition from Sauberzweig. This caused friction between the two that eventually required Himmler's intervention.

621: 186: 5448: 2318: 1985: 484: 6265: 5369: 5344: 5241: 5137: 4930: 1922:

III/28 from the 13th SS Division was to thrust south and south-east from Kladanj towards the village of Petrović;

1546: 1283: 1510:

at Kladanj, instead of fording the river and pushing east towards Vlasenica, II/28 continued south-east towards

936: 617: 412:. After crossing the Sava, it established a designated "security zone" in northeastern Bosnia between the Sava, 6320: 6270: 6253: 5316: 5171: 2199: 1969: 1077:

Oskar Kirchbaum. The mutineers believed that many of the enlisted men would join them and they could reach the

1064: 975: 933:

the division. To Himmler's dismay, this was greater than the ratio of Catholics to Muslims that he had wanted.

376: 6467: 1113:

commander twenty years ago, so why shouldn't they be so today". Himmler awarded both Malkoč and Schweiger the

6126: 1166:

for the Bosnian Muslims. The members of the division swore an oath of allegiance to both Hitler and Pavelić.

6479: 6258: 5532: 5041: 2615: 2554: 2391:

and Hanke presumably received the Knight's Cross on the same day from the commander of the 2nd Panzer Army,

2366: 2092:

critical for the Germans. In early November the Soviet troops established a bridgehead over the Danube from

2060:

joined the Partisans, and were distributed between the 17th Majevica Brigade and 21st East Bosnian Brigade.

1345: 1190: 1028: 1014: 983: 905: 335: 246: 6472: 1429:

road. The reconnaissance battalion continued the advance, driving into the western Majevicas and capturing

6556: 6290: 6235: 2241: 2073: 1078: 1055: 971: 942: 560: 501: 479:

to face criminal charges, and ten were executed. Hundreds of former members of the division fought in the

460: 372: 320: 2113:

after their commander Hans Hanke, they moved from the Brčko bridgehead and joined a blocking position at

1272: 5662: 5608: 2661: 2397: 2257: 2203: 1928:

parts of the 14th Regiment of the 7th SS Division were to push north-west between Olovo and Sokolac; and

964: 753: 505: 366: 6457: 6431: 6295: 1362:

at the point" and that enemy forces withdrew after a hard battle with heavy losses, low on ammunition.

1340:

to Brodac and then on to Bijeljina which was taken against light Partisan resistance late on 16 March.

2483: 2024:. Following this battle, Army Group F concluded that the division's overall combat value was minimal. 1542: 6489: 6447: 6426: 6315: 6310: 5233: 2523: 2326: 2261: 2230: 2225:

On 5 May, the division's remaining men, both German and Bosnian, began to retreat northwards towards

2040: 1749: 1440:

During the final phase of Operation Osterei, I/28 was withdrawn from the fighting and transferred to

1378: 1044: 917: 705: 154: 6530: 6075: 4997:

Sixteenth Vojvodina Division: Combat Activities from its Formation to the Liberation of the Country

2322: 1935:

The 27th Regiment became locked in fierce fighting with the Partisan 27th East Bosnia Division and

1753: 1482: 844:. In the meantime the Germans began raising the divisional headquarters staff in Berlin, including 820: 767:

Hitler formally approved the project in mid-February 1943 and Himmler put Phleps, commander of the

273: 150: 139: 5541: 2516:

which was to be worn by all ranks, while German officers had the option to wear the mountain cap (

2236:

The retreat continued until 11 May. On 12 May, Hampel carried out surrender negotiations with the

1629: 1155: 1147: 912:

In March–April 1943, both Himmler and a group of Muslim leaders within the NDH requested that the

756:

in the form of a Bosnian Muslim SS Division". Once raised, the division was to engage and destroy

6520: 6462: 6395: 6342: 6332: 5564: 5473: 5012: 2069: 1745: 1646: 1452:

being raised by Himmler's order. A new I/28 was raised from other divisional units and recruits.

913: 600: 293: 6540: 6285: 6280: 5576: 2297: 2186:, bypassing the Barcs area. That night, the division attacked the flanks of the Soviet drive at 1857: 1068: 854:

to command the division. Outside the NDH, recruiting was conducted in the southern parts of the

791: 690: 5449:"Austrian Higher SS and Police Leaders and their Participation in the Holocaust in the Balkans" 1541:

On 17–18 May 1944, the division, along with the local Majevica-Tuzla Chetnik unit commanded by

1277: 6535: 6300: 5635: 5612: 5588: 5556: 5546: 5502: 5424: 5400: 5373: 5348: 5320: 5293: 5268: 5245: 5221: 5200: 5175: 5141: 5112: 5093: 5067: 5045: 5020: 5000: 4977: 4971: 4958: 4957:] (in Serbo-Croatian). Vol. 10. Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Redakcija vojne enciklopedije. 4922: 4908:"Strange Bedfellows: The Bosnians and Yugoslav Volunteers in the 1948 War in Israel/Palestine" 4892: 4870: 4849: 4826: 4796: 4773: 4745: 4722: 4701: 4684: 2674: 2288: 2278:

into the Waffen-SS and had not personally committed war crimes and crimes against humanity.

2057: 1694: 1594: 1571: 1499: 1100: 825: 568: 548: 513: 297: 250: 120: 1919:

I/28 from the 13th SS Division was to attack south and south-east from Ribnica towards Olovo;

1901:

aimed to drive out the Partisans occupying the area between the towns of Kladanj, Vlasenica,

6515: 6494: 6385: 6019: 5536: 5460: 4814: 4810: 2696: 2317:

Hundreds of members of the 13th and 23rd SS Divisions volunteered to fight in the 1948–1949

2274: 2249: 2183: 2156:

was withdrawn from the front line to rejoin the division and re-fit, and they were moved to

2085: 1931:

parts of the 13th Regiment of the 7th SS Division were to attack northwards through Sokolac.

1411: 1292: 1288: 1250:. Himmler saw this task as critical to the safeguarding of important agricultural areas and 1217:. On 15 February 1944, the division completed its training and returned to the NDH by rail. 900: 787: 775: 721: 695: 528: 524: 437: 289: 2256:. Scattered remnants did not surrender until 18 May and many attempted to obliterate their 1332:, which became their permanent garrison area. The 27th Regiment advanced easily across the 6421: 6305: 5334: 4792: 4757: 2409: 2101: 1708: 1333: 1182: 757: 742: 663: 464: 409: 2419: 1477:

The ambitious goal of Operation Maibaum (Maypole) was to destroy the Partisan 3rd Corps.

1395: 1325: 1296: 1131: 1085: 833: 520: 394: 270: 115: 2500:. On the left arm was a Croatian armshield (red-white chessboard) and on the right, the 2039:, killing at least 67 and capturing orders for future operations. König was awarded the 6704: 6484: 6390: 6375: 6010: 5999: 5389: 4762: 2445: 2097: 1808: 1593:, a Muslim nationalist militia) most of whom eventually joined the Partisans, and both 1518: 1317: 1214: 1206: 1010: 829: 710: 351: 343: 1634: 1059:

The original memorial to the "Yugoslavian combatants" in Villefranche unveiled in 1952

6747: 6510: 5568: 2117:

on 14 November south-west of a second Soviet bridgehead that had been established at

2114: 1034: 881: 797: 580: 413: 5309: 5156: 2010:

Rushing towards Janja from the east, III/27 came into contact with Partisans around

713:

approached Hitler with the proposal to raise a Bosnian Muslim SS division. Both the

6347: 5127: 4993:Šesnaesta Vojvođanska divizija: Borbena dejstva od formiranja do oslobođenja zemlje 2347: 2215: 2175: 1724: 1478: 1093: 726: 668: 603:

in NDH territory. Some Ustaše militia units became convinced that the Muslims were

385: 312: 308: 181: 82: 64: 1561: 1403: 1213:

carried by Turkish policemen during the centuries that the region was part of the

350:

carried by Ottoman policemen during the centuries that the region was part of the

5363: 5338: 5131: 5035: 4886: 4716: 2285:

to Yugoslavia to face trial following the war. Some committed suicide, including

1063:

On the night of 16/17 September 1943, while the 13th SS Division was training in

5059: 4882: 4789:

History vs. Apologetics: The Holocaust, the Third Reich, and the Catholic Church

2388: 2282: 2211: 2107: 1925:

The 27th Regiment of the 13th SS Division was to drive southwards from Šekovići;

1870:

at Živinice. The reconnaissance battalion of the 7th SS Division pushed in from

1824: 1672: 1525: 1511: 1507: 1434: 1377:

mounted unsuccessful attacks against the 28th Regiment's positions at Koraj and

1365:

Once the area was secured, defensive positions were established along the Čelić–

1354: 1337: 1130:

was also commemorated in the city with a monument designed by Croatian sculptor

921: 837: 683:

Soldiers of the 13th SS Division with a brochure about "Islam and Judaism," 1943

509: 472: 453: 2206:

assaulted the entire Second Panzer Army front, quickly breaching the line near

586:

To secure the loyalty of the Bosnian Muslims, Pavelić ordered that property in

432:

civilians. In late 1944, parts of the division were transferred briefly to the

6416: 6411: 5506: 5476:[A monument to Vanja Radauš was erected in Villefranche-de-Rouergue]. 2537: 1940: 1757: 1359: 1114: 872: 859: 810: 734: 652: 281: 6190: 5560: 5225: 5204: 4962: 4926: 4749: 4688: 1977:

railway and mass desertions of NDH troops tasked with securing supply lines.

5264: 5081: 5004: 4874: 4853: 4683:] (in Serbian). Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Vojnoizdavački i novinski centar. 2588: 2513: 2501: 2488: 2207: 2187: 2036: 1792: 1550: 1491: 1239: 987: 714: 699: 656: 604: 534: 390: 285: 277: 104: 2487:

The collar patch of Handschar, worn on the right collar in place of the SS

2140: 1007: 540: 421: 381: 5464: 1421:

The 28th Regiment drove south through Mačkovac and during fighting around

452:, falling back via a series of defensive lines until they were inside the 5365:

War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration

4823:

Genocide of Muslims, 1941–1945: A Collection of Documents and Testimonies

2506: 2497: 2310: 2030: 1981: 1952: 1871: 1441: 1430: 1415: 1329: 1243: 1210: 986:

battalion. For about six months the division included about 1,000 ethnic

644: 640: 596: 567:

into an "Italian-German quasi-protectorate". NDH authorities, led by the

441: 359: 355: 347: 5501:] (Doctoral) (in Serbo-Croatian). Belgrade: University of Belgrade. 5161:. Carlisle, Pennsylvania: United States Army Military History Institute. 1874:

as a blocking force to stop the Partisans from withdrawing via Kladanj.

908:, reviewing Bosnian SS volunteers during their training in November 1943 774:, in charge of raising the first SS division to be recruited from a non- 5220:] (in Serbo-Croatian). Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Vojnoizdavački zavod. 5199:] (in Serbo-Croatian). Novi Sad, Yugoslavia: Institut za istoriju. 4848:] (in Serbo-Croatian). Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Vojnoizdavački zavod. 2144: 1980:

On 8 September, II/27 was assaulted unsuccessfully by the Partisans at

1902: 1575: 1503: 1426: 1200: 1159: 1040: 1003: 803: 556: 517: 379:, the members of the division took an oath of allegiance to the German 331: 316: 305: 6809:

Military units and formations of Germany in Yugoslavia in World War II

5654: 5109:

Himmler's Bosnian Division: The Waffen-SS Handschar Division 1943–1945

1703:

and Sauberzweig was tasked with forming a new corps headquarters, the

5528: 5086:

Prinz Eugen: The History of the 7. SS-Mountain Division "Prinz Eugen"

2245: 2118: 2093: 2089: 2011: 1740: 1422: 1366: 1300: 1169:

On 9 October 1943, SS headquarters officially named the division the

1023: 867: 761: 648: 591: 587: 576: 564: 433: 401: 362: 324: 5391:

Religious Separation and Political Intolerance in Bosnia-Herzegovina

4949:

Gažević, Nikola; Radojević, Svetozar (1975). Gažević, Nikola (ed.).

5628:

Halbmond und Hakenkreuz. Das Dritte Reich, die Araber und Palästina

4970:

Ginsburgs, George; Kudriavtsev, Vladimir Nikolaevich, eds. (1990).

4819:

Genocid nad Muslimanima, 1941–1945: Zbornik dokumenata i svedočenja

1895:

phase of the operation, named Operation Hackfleisch (Minced Meat).

1225: 5634:] (in German). Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. 2482: 2161: 2157: 1906: 1616: 1560: 1468: 1407: 1350: 1321: 1260: 1224: 1195:

13. oružana brdska divizija SS-a Handžar, također i hrvatska br. 1

1141: 1054: 954: 892: 738: 678: 613: 417: 5190: 6713:

13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian)

2509:

badge that was attached to the left breast pocket of the tunic.

2219: 979: 572: 425: 405: 6194: 5658: 5632:

Crescent and swastika. The Third Reich, the Arabs and Palestine

5474:"Postavljen spomenik Vanje Radauša u Villefranche–de–Rouergueu" 4888:

The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East

1615:(Knight's Move), the German attempt to kill or capture Tito at 729:, "bear the special status of being persecuted by all others". 5017:

The History of Bosnia: From the Middle Ages to the Present Day

4626: 2190:, where it undertook its last offensive operation of the war. 1697:, was appointed division commander at his substantive rank of 1693:

After Operation Vollmond, the commander of the 27th Regiment,

1514:, where they met elements of 7th SS Division advancing north. 1084:

The revolt was put down with the assistance of the unit imam,

429: 6710: 5292:] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. 4999:] (in Serbo-Croatian). Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Vojno delo. 1117:

for thwarting the mutiny. Five soldiers were also decorated.

4825:] (in Serbo-Croatian). Sarajevo, Yugoslavia: Svjetlost. 4637: 4635: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4032: 3968: 3966: 3953: 3951: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3202: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2035:

Hans König ambushed the Partisan 17th Majevica Brigade near

1263:-sized anti-Partisan operations between March and May 1944. 1187:

13. Waffen-Gebirgsdivision der SS "Handschar" (kroat. Nr. 1)

3447: 3445: 3348: 3346: 1146:

Members of the division at prayer during their training at

2527:

Edelweiss flower patch, worn on the left side of the cap.

2350:(in charge of raising the division, from 13 February 1943) 1912:

The columns were allocated tasks and composed as follows:

1506:, capturing the town on 27 April. Due to the level of the 1349:) bore the brunt of the fighting as they advanced through 571:, subsequently implemented genocidal policies against the 5340:

War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: The Chetniks

5238:

Hitler's New Disorder: The Second World War in Yugoslavia

4869:] (in Serbo-Croatian). Tuzla, Yugoslavia: Univerzal. 4764:

Serbia's Secret War: Propaganda and the Deceit of History

3225: 3223: 3004: 3002: 1154:

As a result of the mutiny, the division was moved to the

667:

were desperate to protect the Muslim people and wrote to

284:

that served alongside but was never formally part of the

4442: 4440: 4151: 4149: 3995: 3993: 2880: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2358:

Herbert Von Obwurzer (9 March 1943 – 1 August 1943)

718:

shortage threatened the region. "The Muslims," remarked

4976:. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 4738:

Die deutschen Kriegsgefangenen in Jugoslawien 1941–1949

3758: 3756: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3618: 3616: 3333: 3331: 3318: 3316: 3267: 3265: 3252: 3250: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2725: 2723: 583:

population living within the borders of the new state.

5423:] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Verlag. 3021: 3019: 3017: 2953: 2951: 1853:

Hermann Peter) and put the divisional chief of staff,

1683:"Western Column" – 58 dead, 198 wounded and 29 missing 6688: 2433:(Mountain Infantry) Regiment of the SS (2nd Croatian) 2424:(Mountain Infantry) Regiment of the SS (1st Croatian) 2005:

In the early morning of 3 October 1944, the Partisan

1689:"Eastern Column" – 72 dead, 142 wounded and 9 missing 1473:

Members of the division on operations during May 1944

850:

Herbert von Oberwurzer, who was transferred from the

6804:

Military units and formations disestablished in 1945

4431: 1229:

13th SS Division's area of responsibility (in green)

1172:

13. SS-Freiwilligen b.h. Gebirgs-Division (Kroatien)

858:

that had significant Muslim populations, namely the

6613: 6597: 6581: 6565: 6549: 6503: 6440: 6404: 6363: 6228: 6135: 6110: 6089: 5957: 5932: 5891: 5827: 5764: 5693: 5311:

The Waffen SS: Hitler's Elite Guard at War, 1939–45

748:Himmler was inspired by the noted successes of the 240: 235: 174: 164: 146: 135: 127: 110: 100: 70: 52: 44: 23: 5388: 5308: 4761: 4011: 3810: 2377:Desiderius Hampel (1 June 1944 – 12 May 1945) 2344:SS-Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Waffen-SS 2248:in Italy, where they were incarcerated with other 1686:"Central Column" – 12 dead, 19 wounded, 17 missing 1390:held by the Partisan 3rd Vojvodina Brigade of the 722:SS-Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Waffen-SS 6799:Military units and formations established in 1943 5626:Mallmann, Klaus-Michael; Cüppers, Martin (2006). 5170:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of 2560:Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world 2072:and the following day the divisional staff imam, 5587:] (in Serbo-Croatian). Sarajevo: Svjetlost. 4861:Eremić Brenjo, Mirjana; Perić, Jeremija (1980). 4742:German Prisoners of War in Yugoslavia, 1941–1949 4542: 4530: 4518: 3463: 2550:Nomenclature used by the Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS 2254:16th SS Panzergrenadier Division Reichsführer-SS 2244:. On 15 May most of the men were transported to 2136:Reichsgrenadier Division Hoch und Deutschmeister 2068:On 20 October, the Red Army and Partisan forces 1051:Villefranche-de-Rouergue Mutiny (September 1943) 2374:SS-Brigadeführer und Generalmajor der Waffen-SS 2363:SS-Brigadeführer und Generalmajor der Waffen-SS 2309:Imam Halim Malkoč had already been executed in 1256:settlements in the Syrmia region to the north. 901:SS-Brigadeführer und Generalmajor der Waffen SS 6764:Bosnian Muslim collaborators with Nazi Germany 3523: 2942: 1584: 795:geographically based regimental names such as 706:SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen-SS 532: 6206: 5670: 5158:Special Series No.21, German Mountain Warfare 5111:. Atglen, Philadelphia: Schiffer Publishing. 2530:The divisional song was set to the melody of 2218:frontier on 6 April and took up positions at 1862:Erich Braun, in charge of the 27th Regiment. 1705:IX Waffen Mountain Corps of the SS (Croatian) 1295:, 223 civilians were killed in Bosut, 352 in 1105:. Of these, 265 refused and were sent to the 982:for each battalion other than the all-German 959:Members of the division during their training 555:). The NDH combined almost all of modern-day 155:IX Waffen Mountain Corps of the SS (Croatian) 8: 6381:Chetnik sabotage of Axis communication lines 2708:Equivalent to a U.S. Army lieutenant general 2565:Table of ranks and insignia of the Waffen-SS 2531: 2517: 2443: 2428: 2417: 2392: 2372: 2361: 2353: 2342: 2304: 2294: 2286: 2229:. On 8 May, an order was sent to retreat to 2166: 2151: 2128: 2122: 2105: 2028: 2015: 1896: 1854: 1848: 1698: 1566: 1456: 1251: 1198: 1176: 1170: 1121: 1098: 1072: 1032: 1021: 940: 898: 845: 817: 719: 703: 688: 2570:Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts 6213: 6199: 6191: 5929: 5677: 5663: 5655: 5581:Muslimansko Autonomaštvo i 13. SS Divizija 5368:. Vol. 2. San Francisco, California: 5343:. Vol. 1. San Francisco, California: 4590: 4179: 4056: 3412: 3214: 3157: 3145: 2981: 2901: 2820: 2753: 2741: 2281:Thirty-eight members of the division were 1602:Anti-Partisan operations, June–August 1944 1221:Anti-Partisan operations March to May 1944 315:that encompassed almost all of modern-day 33: 5542:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198790556.003.0008 5540: 4973:The Nuremberg Trial and International Law 4721:. Saint Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing. 4715:Bishop, Chris; Williams, Michael (2003). 4395: 2439:13th SS Mountain Reconnaissance Battalion 1455:In the latter part of Operation Osterei, 6779:Foreign volunteer units of the Waffen-SS 6759:Albanian collaborators with Nazi Germany 5585:Muslim Autonomy and the 13th SS Division 4906:Frantzman, Seth; Culibrk, Jovan (2009). 4578: 3906: 3049: 3037: 1713:23rd Waffen Mountain Division of the SS 1446:21st Waffen Mountain Division of the SS 628:Denunciations and request for protection 481:1947–48 civil war in Mandatory Palestine 408:river before crossing into northeastern 263:13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS 24:13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS 16:German mountain division of World War II 6723: 6695: 5155:Military Intelligence Division (1944). 5037:Bosnian Muslims in the Second World War 4407: 3930: 3894: 3364: 2913: 2777: 2719: 2686:Equivalent to a U.S. Army major general 2580: 463:. Most of the remaining members became 6769:Bosnia and Herzegovina in World War II 6371:Operations Southeast Croatia and Ozren 4383: 4371: 4023: 3798: 2729: 1843:planned Operation Rose was cancelled. 1707:. The commander of the 28th Regiment, 20: 6448:Operations Kugelblitz and Schneesturm 4653: 4641: 4614: 4602: 4566: 4554: 4506: 4494: 4482: 4470: 4458: 4446: 4419: 4359: 4347: 4335: 4323: 4311: 4299: 4287: 4275: 4263: 4251: 4239: 4227: 4215: 4203: 4191: 4167: 4155: 4140: 4128: 4116: 4104: 4092: 4080: 4068: 4044: 3999: 3984: 3972: 3957: 3942: 3918: 3870: 3858: 3846: 3834: 3822: 3786: 3774: 3762: 3747: 3735: 3723: 3706: 3694: 3682: 3670: 3658: 3646: 3634: 3622: 3607: 3595: 3583: 3571: 3559: 3547: 3535: 3511: 3499: 3487: 3475: 3451: 3436: 3424: 3400: 3388: 3376: 3352: 3337: 3322: 3307: 3295: 3283: 3271: 3256: 3229: 3193: 3181: 3169: 3133: 3121: 3109: 3085: 3073: 3061: 3025: 3008: 2993: 2969: 2957: 2930: 2884: 2851: 2839: 2808: 2796: 2765: 2647:Above a U.S. Army colonel, but below 2479:Insignia, uniform and divisional song 1406:. The 27th Regiment quickly captured 1316:Regiment crossed the Sava at dawn at 1271:The division first saw action during 1017:. This advice soon proved prophetic. 288:during World War II. At the post-war 7: 6249:June uprising in eastern Herzegovina 3882: 3241: 3097: 440:region, where it fought against the 6814:Mountain divisions of the Waffen-SS 6355:Karadak-Gollak Uprising (1941–1951) 6240:Uprising in Bosnia and Herzegovina 6162:were officially named "volunteer". 5066:. London, England: Pan/Ballantine. 4627:Military Intelligence Division 1944 2436:13th SS Mountain Artillery Regiment 2293:Sauberzweig on 20 October 1946 and 2022:German-occupied territory of Serbia 1565:Commander of the 13th SS Division, 856:German-occupied territory of Serbia 769:7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division 400:The division fought briefly in the 6573:World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia 5605:Nazi Propaganda for the Arab world 5478:"Vijenac" No. 328, Matica hrvatska 4891:. New York City: HarperPerennial. 2638:Equivalent to a U.S. Army colonel. 2459:13th SS Mountain Signals Battalion 2453:13th SS Mountain Pioneer Battalion 2369:(1 August 1943 – 1 June 1944) 1963:Last battles against the Partisans 970:, who made up the majority of its 828:, a specialist in Islam who spoke 14: 6754:1943 establishments in Yugoslavia 6605:World War II in the Slovene Lands 5525:The Waffen-SS: A European History 5472:Čorak, Željka (12 October 2006). 4863:Sedamnaesta majevička NOU brigada 4677:Devetnaesta birčanska NOU brigada 2462:13th SS Division Supply Battalion 1785: 1583:numbering 13,000, Nešad Topčić's 1399:into the ranks of the Partisans. 1128:Villefranche-de-Rouergue uprising 864:Italian governorate of Montenegro 862:region along the border with the 471:. Subsequently, 38 officers were 6726: 6698: 6174: 6173: 4700:. London, England: Amber Books. 4432:Ginsburgs & Kudriavtsev 1990 1884:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1817: 1816: 1801: 1800: 1784: 1777: 1578:commander in the summer of 1944. 897:Haj Amin al-Husseini, alongside 547:(often called the NDH, from the 280:, an armed branch of the German 87: 75: 57: 5064:Waffen SS: The Asphalt Soldiers 2512:Headgear was either the SS M43 2456:13th SS Anti-aircraft Battalion 2355:SS-Standartenführer der Reserve 847:SS-Standartenführer der Reserve 296:campaign against communist-led 6670:Factions in the Yugoslav Front 5453:Holocaust and Genocide Studies 5440:Journals, magazines and theses 5397:Texas A&M University Press 4770:Texas A&M University Press 4675:Antonić, Zdravko, ed. (1989). 4012:Eremić Brenjo & Perić 1980 3811:Eremić Brenjo & Perić 1980 2043:for his fanatical leadership. 1711:, was tasked to raise the new 1444:in Kosovo to form part of the 998:Formation, training and mutiny 750:Bosnian-Herzegovinian Infantry 634:Resolution of Sarajevo Muslims 1: 5707:Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler 5493:Živković, Milutin D. (2017). 5261:Political Islam: Case Studies 5214:Treća vojvođanska NOU brigada 4718:SS: Hell on the Western Front 2491:worn by Germanic SS divisions 2471:13th SS Replacement Battalion 2133:were placed under command of 2088:made holding the line of the 1557:Cooperation with local forces 1320:near the confluence with the 1107:Neuengamme concentration camp 852:6th SS Mountain Division Nord 790:and NDH Foreign Minister Dr. 512:on 6 April 1941, the extreme 6784:Germany–Yugoslavia relations 6677:People of the Yugoslav Front 5414:Von Seemen, Gerhard (1976). 5168:Islam and Nazi Germany's War 5034:Hoare, Marko Attila (2013). 4698:Waffen-SS Divisions, 1939–45 4543:Frantzman & Culibrk 2009 4531:Frantzman & Culibrk 2009 4519:Frantzman & Culibrk 2009 3464:Gažević & Radojević 1975 2533:"Wir fahren gegen Engelland" 1488:500th SS Parachute Battalion 545:Independent State of Croatia 302:Independent State of Croatia 95:Independent State of Croatia 6794:Military history of Croatia 6789:Islam-related controversies 6244:May 1941 Sanski Most revolt 5447:Birn, Ruth Bettina (1992). 5218:Third Vojvodina NOU Brigade 2465:13th SS Logistics Battalion 2180:Operation Frühlingserwachen 1194: 1109:where dozens of them died. 1015:Edmund Glaise von Horstenau 624:, was of any significance. 523:, who had been in exile in 339: 223:Operation Frühlingserwachen 6837: 6589:Kosovo during World War II 6222:World War II in Yugoslavia 6168:SS heavy Panzer battalions 5607:. New Haven, Connecticut: 5395:. College Station, Texas: 5090:J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing 4768:. College Station, Texas: 3524:Dedijer & Miletić 1990 2943:Bishop & Williams 2003 2695:Equivalent to a U.S. Army 2673:Equivalent to a U.S. Army 2660:Equivalent to a U.S. Army 2626:Equivalent to a U.S. Army 2614:Equivalent to a U.S. Army 2602:Equivalent to a U.S. Army 1197:). The division was named 928:Catholic Croat recruitment 631: 543:-led Croatian state – the 187:World War II in Yugoslavia 6659: 6276:Battle of Banja Koviljača 6156: 5387:Velikonja, Mitja (2003). 5370:Stanford University Press 5362:Tomasevich, Jozo (2001). 5345:Stanford University Press 5307:Stein, George H. (1984). 5242:Columbia University Press 5138:New York University Press 5019:. London, England: Saqi. 4867:17th Majevica Brigade NOU 2468:13th SS Medical Battalion 2252:from 7th SS Division and 1643:38th East Bosnia Division 1547:27th East Bosnia Division 976:non-commissioned officers 553:Nezavisna Država Hrvatska 377:non-commissioned officers 300:resistance forces in the 39:Divisional vehicle symbol 32: 6819:Mutinies in World War II 5317:Cornell University Press 5259:Rubin, Barry M. (2007). 5192:Peta vojvođanska brigada 5189:Mraović, Nikola (1985). 5172:Harvard University Press 4840:Đonlagić, Ahmet (1983). 2260:. Hampel escaped from a 2139:, withdrawing as far as 1662:commanded by Marko Perić 1158:training grounds in the 1065:Villefranche-de-Rouergue 563:and parts of modern-day 365:, and mostly German and 131:Anti-Partisan operations 6526:Battle of Lijevče Field 5533:Oxford University Press 5282:Scherzer, Veit (2007). 5212:Panić, Radovan (1980). 5197:Fifth Vojvodina Brigade 5166:Motadel, David (2014). 5133:Bosnia: A Short History 5042:Oxford University Press 4991:Grujić, Periša (1959). 4846:Twenty-Seventh Division 4842:Dvadeset sedma divizija 4736:Böhme, Kurt W. (1962). 2555:List of Waffen-SS units 2367:Karl-Gustav Sauberzweig 2329:'s Ajnaddin Battalion. 1735:Operation Fliegenfänger 1660:36th Vojvodina Division 1626:16th Vojvodina Division 1392:36th Vojvodina Division 1375:36th Vojvodina Division 1371:16th Vojvodina Division 1115:Iron Cross Second Class 1029:Karl-Gustav Sauberzweig 906:Karl-Gustav Sauberzweig 866:, and the parts of the 330:The division was named 247:Karl-Gustav Sauberzweig 6774:Criminal organizations 6557:Zagreb in World War II 6453:Operation Rösselsprung 6328:Uprising in Montenegro 6236:Invasion of Yugoslavia 5603:Herf, Jeffrey (2009). 5240:. New York, New York: 5136:. New York, New York: 5107:Lepre, George (1997). 5088:. Winnipeg, Manitoba: 5040:. New York, New York: 4696:Bishop, Chris (2007). 4681:19th Birač Brigade NOU 2532: 2518: 2492: 2444: 2429: 2418: 2394:General der Artillerie 2393: 2373: 2362: 2354: 2343: 2305: 2295: 2287: 2242:Sankt Veit an der Glan 2167: 2152: 2129: 2123: 2106: 2080:Fighting Soviet troops 2029: 2016: 2007:28th Slavonia Division 1993:August 1944 – May 1945 1897: 1855: 1850:SS-Obersturmbannführer 1849: 1699: 1613:Operation Rösselsprung 1585: 1579: 1567: 1537:Operation Maiglöckchen 1474: 1457: 1344: 1324:. The rest crossed at 1252: 1230: 1199: 1186: 1177: 1171: 1151: 1122: 1099: 1074:SS-Obersturmbannführer 1073: 1060: 1033: 1022: 960: 943:SS-Obersturmbannführer 941: 909: 899: 846: 818: 720: 704: 689: 684: 561:Bosnia and Herzegovina 552: 533: 321:Bosnia and Herzegovina 203:Operation Maiglöckchen 6715:at Knowledge (XXG)'s 6473:Battle of Jelova Gora 6468:Operation Draufgänger 6143:Divisional commanders 5798:Götz von Berlichingen 5609:Yale University Press 5234:Pavlowitch, Stevan K. 4955:Military Encyclopedia 4787:Cymet, David (2012). 2486: 2450:(Anti-tank) Battalion 2398:Maximilian de Angelis 2258:SS blood group tattoo 1949:11th Krajina Division 1890:Operation Hackfleisch 1564: 1472: 1228: 1145: 1058: 958: 896: 754:Austro-Hungarian Army 682: 643:(23 September 1941), 506:Kingdom of Yugoslavia 485:1948 Arab–Israeli War 212:Operation Hackfleisch 6427:Operation Kugelblitz 6339:Uprising in Croatia 6311:Operation Mihailovic 5535:. pp. 252–283. 5315:. Ithaca, New York: 4791:. Lanham, Maryland: 3052:, p. 1063-1064. 2327:Arab Liberation Army 2262:prisoner-of-war camp 2231:Wolfsberg, Carinthia 2204:Bulgarian First Army 2194:Retreat to the Reich 2064:Operation Herbstlaub 2041:German Cross in Gold 1937:38th Bosnia Division 1834:class=notpageimage| 1346:Aufklärungsabteilung 1191:Serbo-Croatian Latin 1045:Operation Barbarossa 918:Haj Amin al-Husseini 687:On 6 December 1942, 622:Muhamed Hadžiefendić 590:be converted into a 559:, all of modern-day 496:NDH and Ante Pavelić 448:throughout southern 404:region north of the 319:, all of modern-day 6531:Battle of Zelengora 6291:Battle of Trešnjica 6097:4 (Panzergrenadier) 6069:Landstorm Nederland 6020:29 RONA (1 Russian) 5480:(in Serbo-Croatian) 5465:10.1093/hgs/6.4.351 5263:. London, England: 5013:Hoare, Marko Attila 4951:Vojna Enciklopedija 4644:, pp. 346–347. 4617:, pp. 327–329. 4605:, pp. 321–329. 4473:, pp. 312–313. 4422:, pp. 250–251. 4374:, pp. 137–138. 4362:, pp. 309–310. 4350:, pp. 304–308. 4338:, pp. 303–304. 4326:, pp. 107–109. 4290:, pp. 292–301. 4278:, pp. 282–291. 4254:, pp. 276–281. 4242:, pp. 268–271. 4194:, pp. 264–267. 4143:, pp. 261–262. 4131:, pp. 256–257. 4107:, pp. 250–252. 4095:, pp. 248–251. 4083:, pp. 244–252. 4071:, pp. 243–247. 4047:, pp. 241–243. 4026:, pp. 198–200. 3987:, pp. 239–240. 3975:, pp. 236–237. 3960:, pp. 235–236. 3945:, pp. 234–235. 3909:, pp. 194–195. 3873:, pp. 231–234. 3837:, pp. 223–230. 3789:, pp. 222–223. 3777:, pp. 214–222. 3750:, pp. 198–204. 3738:, pp. 194–198. 3709:, pp. 191–193. 3697:, pp. 189–191. 3685:, pp. 193–194. 3673:, pp. 187–189. 3649:, pp. 168–169. 3637:, pp. 165–168. 3562:, pp. 151–155. 3550:, pp. 151–152. 3502:, pp. 145–151. 3490:, pp. 213–247. 3454:, pp. 143–145. 3355:, pp. 101–102. 3172:, pp. 138–139. 3160:, pp. 498–499. 2984:, pp. 497–498. 2780:, pp. 174–176. 2756:, pp. 397–409. 2323:Syrian Armed Forces 2074:Abdulah Muhasilović 1771:Operation Heiderose 1658:"Eastern Column" – 1624:"Western Column" – 1568:SS-Standartenführer 1483:V SS Mountain Corps 1416:Ugljevik coal mines 1381:, losing over 200. 1273:Operation Wegweiser 1267:Operation Wegweiser 1092:immediately, while 702:recruiting officer 618:Hadžiefendić Legion 610:Croatian Home Guard 209:Operation Heiderose 191:Operation Wegweiser 151:V SS Mountain Corps 142:(maximum of 17,000) 6521:Sarajevo Operation 6463:Belgrade offensive 6458:Operation Rübezahl 6432:Battle of Višegrad 6396:Operation Kopaonik 6343:Croatian Partisans 6333:Battle of Pljevlja 6266:Uprising in Serbia 3310:, pp. 86–103. 2628:lieutenant colonel 2592:lieutenant general 2493: 2306:SS-Obersturmführer 2264:in Fallingbostel. 2104:support. Known as 1641:"Centre Column" – 1607:Operation Vollmond 1580: 1475: 1410:and drove through 1231: 1152: 1123:Avenue des Croates 1061: 1020:On 9 August 1943, 961: 914:Mufti of Jerusalem 910: 889:Mufti of Jerusalem 685: 616:-based Home Guard 601:Yugoslav Partisans 294:counter-insurgency 206:Operation Vollmond 6686: 6685: 6614:Strategic bombing 6536:Battle of Poljana 6271:Battle of Loznica 6254:Siege of Rogatica 6188: 6187: 6115: 6035:30 (1 Belarusian) 5953: 5952: 5641:978-3-534-19729-3 5618:978-0-300-14579-3 5594:978-86-01-01124-3 5499:Sandžak 1941–1943 5430:978-3-7909-0051-4 5406:978-1-58544-226-3 5379:978-0-8047-7924-1 5354:978-0-8047-0857-9 5326:978-0-8014-9275-4 5299:978-3-938845-17-2 5274:978-0-41542-134-8 5251:978-1-85065-895-5 5181:978-0-67472-460-0 5147:978-0-8147-5520-4 5118:978-0-7643-0134-6 5099:978-0-921991-29-8 5073:978-0-345-09768-2 5051:978-0-19-936543-2 5026:978-0-86356-953-1 4936:on 22 August 2016 4898:978-1-84115-008-6 4832:978-86-01-01829-7 4811:Dedijer, Vladimir 4802:978-0-7391-3295-1 4779:978-0-89096-760-7 4728:978-0-7603-1402-9 4707:978-1-905704-55-2 4629:, pp. 88–89. 3466:, pp. 97–98. 3298:, pp. 82–88. 3232:, pp. 48–49. 3076:, pp. 31–33. 3064:, pp. 27–28. 3011:, pp. 24–25. 2996:, pp. 20–24. 2854:, pp. 51–53. 2842:, pp. 16–17. 2799:, pp. 15–16. 2768:, pp. 20–24. 2675:second lieutenant 2649:brigadier general 2198:On 29 March, the 2168:Kampfgruppe Hanke 2153:Kampfgruppe Hanke 2130:Kampfgruppe Hanke 2124:Kampfgruppe Hanke 2070:captured Belgrade 1970:Operation Ratweek 1695:Desiderius Hampel 1572:Desiderius Hampel 1465:Operation Maibaum 1385:Operation Osterei 1101:Organisation Todt 826:Karl von Krempler 514:Croat nationalist 388:and the Croatian 342:), after a local 298:Yugoslav Partisan 271:mountain infantry 256: 255: 251:Desiderius Hampel 200:Operation Maibaum 197:Operation Osterei 159:LXVIII Army Corps 121:Mountain infantry 6826: 6739: 6731: 6730: 6729: 6719: 6703: 6702: 6701: 6694: 6516:Mostar operation 6495:Battle of Batina 6480:Kosovo Operation 6386:Kozara Offensive 6215: 6208: 6201: 6192: 6177: 6176: 6158:Units marked in 6113: 5994:26 (2 Hungarian) 5930: 5914:33 (3 Hungarian) 5679: 5672: 5665: 5656: 5645: 5622: 5598: 5572: 5544: 5510: 5495:Санџак 1941–1943 5489: 5487: 5485: 5468: 5434: 5410: 5394: 5383: 5358: 5335:Tomasevich, Jozo 5330: 5314: 5303: 5278: 5255: 5229: 5208: 5185: 5162: 5151: 5122: 5103: 5077: 5055: 5030: 5008: 4987: 4966: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4935: 4929:. Archived from 4912: 4902: 4878: 4857: 4836: 4806: 4783: 4767: 4758:Cohen, Philip J. 4753: 4732: 4711: 4692: 4657: 4651: 4645: 4639: 4630: 4624: 4618: 4612: 4606: 4600: 4594: 4588: 4582: 4576: 4570: 4564: 4558: 4552: 4546: 4540: 4534: 4528: 4522: 4516: 4510: 4504: 4498: 4492: 4486: 4480: 4474: 4468: 4462: 4456: 4450: 4444: 4435: 4429: 4423: 4417: 4411: 4405: 4399: 4393: 4387: 4381: 4375: 4369: 4363: 4357: 4351: 4345: 4339: 4333: 4327: 4321: 4315: 4309: 4303: 4297: 4291: 4285: 4279: 4273: 4267: 4261: 4255: 4249: 4243: 4237: 4231: 4225: 4219: 4213: 4207: 4201: 4195: 4189: 4183: 4177: 4171: 4165: 4159: 4153: 4144: 4138: 4132: 4126: 4120: 4114: 4108: 4102: 4096: 4090: 4084: 4078: 4072: 4066: 4060: 4054: 4048: 4042: 4027: 4021: 4015: 4009: 4003: 3997: 3988: 3982: 3976: 3970: 3961: 3955: 3946: 3940: 3934: 3928: 3922: 3916: 3910: 3904: 3898: 3892: 3886: 3880: 3874: 3868: 3862: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3838: 3832: 3826: 3820: 3814: 3808: 3802: 3796: 3790: 3784: 3778: 3772: 3766: 3760: 3751: 3745: 3739: 3733: 3727: 3721: 3710: 3704: 3698: 3692: 3686: 3680: 3674: 3668: 3662: 3656: 3650: 3644: 3638: 3632: 3626: 3620: 3611: 3605: 3599: 3593: 3587: 3581: 3575: 3569: 3563: 3557: 3551: 3545: 3539: 3533: 3527: 3521: 3515: 3509: 3503: 3497: 3491: 3485: 3479: 3473: 3467: 3461: 3455: 3449: 3440: 3434: 3428: 3422: 3416: 3410: 3404: 3398: 3392: 3386: 3380: 3374: 3368: 3362: 3356: 3350: 3341: 3335: 3326: 3320: 3311: 3305: 3299: 3293: 3287: 3281: 3275: 3269: 3260: 3254: 3245: 3239: 3233: 3227: 3218: 3212: 3197: 3191: 3185: 3179: 3173: 3167: 3161: 3155: 3149: 3143: 3137: 3131: 3125: 3119: 3113: 3107: 3101: 3095: 3089: 3083: 3077: 3071: 3065: 3059: 3053: 3047: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3012: 3006: 2997: 2991: 2985: 2979: 2973: 2967: 2961: 2955: 2946: 2940: 2934: 2928: 2917: 2911: 2905: 2899: 2888: 2882: 2855: 2849: 2843: 2837: 2824: 2818: 2812: 2806: 2800: 2794: 2781: 2775: 2769: 2763: 2757: 2751: 2745: 2739: 2733: 2727: 2709: 2706: 2700: 2697:first lieutenant 2693: 2687: 2684: 2678: 2671: 2665: 2658: 2652: 2645: 2639: 2636: 2630: 2624: 2618: 2612: 2606: 2600: 2594: 2587:Equivalent to a 2585: 2535: 2521: 2449: 2432: 2423: 2396: 2376: 2365: 2357: 2346: 2319:Arab–Israeli War 2308: 2301: 2292: 2275:Nuremberg trials 2250:prisoners of war 2200:Soviet 57th Army 2184:Vienna Offensive 2170: 2155: 2147:by 29 November. 2132: 2126: 2112: 2034: 2019: 1900: 1861: 1852: 1820: 1819: 1804: 1803: 1788: 1787: 1781: 1702: 1700:Standartenführer 1655: 1638: 1588: 1570: 1543:Radivoje Kerović 1460: 1289:Vladimir Dedijer 1281: 1255: 1205:, after a local 1204: 1181:(1st Croatian) ( 1180: 1174: 1150:in November 1943 1125: 1104: 1076: 1038: 1027: 946: 937:Husejin Biščević 904: 849: 824: 821:Standartenführer 788:Siegfried Kasche 725: 709: 696:Heinrich Himmler 694: 538: 531:, was appointed 525:Benito Mussolini 290:Nuremberg trials 93: 91: 90: 81: 79: 78: 63: 61: 60: 37: 21: 6836: 6835: 6829: 6828: 6827: 6825: 6824: 6823: 6744: 6743: 6742: 6732: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6718:sister projects 6717: 6709: 6699: 6697: 6689: 6687: 6682: 6655: 6609: 6593: 6577: 6561: 6545: 6541:Battle of Odžak 6499: 6490:Battle of Tuzla 6436: 6422:Siege of Turjak 6400: 6359: 6306:Operation Uzice 6286:Mačva operation 6281:Attack on Šabac 6224: 6219: 6189: 6184: 6183: 6152: 6131: 6112: 6106: 6085: 6081:38 "Nibelungen" 5980:20 (1 Estonian) 5965:14 (1 Galician) 5949: 5928: 5887: 5823: 5790:Reichsführer-SS 5768: 5760: 5689: 5683: 5651: 5642: 5625: 5619: 5602: 5595: 5575: 5553: 5522: 5518: 5516:Further reading 5513: 5492: 5483: 5481: 5471: 5446: 5442: 5437: 5431: 5413: 5407: 5386: 5380: 5361: 5355: 5333: 5327: 5306: 5300: 5281: 5275: 5258: 5252: 5232: 5211: 5188: 5182: 5165: 5154: 5148: 5126: 5119: 5106: 5100: 5080: 5074: 5058: 5052: 5033: 5027: 5011: 4990: 4984: 4969: 4948: 4939: 4937: 4933: 4910: 4905: 4899: 4881: 4860: 4839: 4833: 4809: 4803: 4793:Lexington Books 4786: 4780: 4756: 4735: 4729: 4714: 4708: 4695: 4674: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4652: 4648: 4640: 4633: 4625: 4621: 4613: 4609: 4601: 4597: 4591:Von Seemen 1976 4589: 4585: 4577: 4573: 4565: 4561: 4553: 4549: 4541: 4537: 4529: 4525: 4517: 4513: 4505: 4501: 4493: 4489: 4481: 4477: 4469: 4465: 4457: 4453: 4445: 4438: 4430: 4426: 4418: 4414: 4406: 4402: 4394: 4390: 4382: 4378: 4370: 4366: 4358: 4354: 4346: 4342: 4334: 4330: 4322: 4318: 4310: 4306: 4298: 4294: 4286: 4282: 4274: 4270: 4262: 4258: 4250: 4246: 4238: 4234: 4226: 4222: 4214: 4210: 4202: 4198: 4190: 4186: 4180:Tomasevich 2001 4178: 4174: 4166: 4162: 4154: 4147: 4139: 4135: 4127: 4123: 4115: 4111: 4103: 4099: 4091: 4087: 4079: 4075: 4067: 4063: 4057:Tomasevich 1975 4055: 4051: 4043: 4030: 4022: 4018: 4010: 4006: 3998: 3991: 3983: 3979: 3971: 3964: 3956: 3949: 3941: 3937: 3929: 3925: 3917: 3913: 3905: 3901: 3893: 3889: 3881: 3877: 3869: 3865: 3857: 3853: 3845: 3841: 3833: 3829: 3821: 3817: 3809: 3805: 3797: 3793: 3785: 3781: 3773: 3769: 3761: 3754: 3746: 3742: 3734: 3730: 3722: 3713: 3705: 3701: 3693: 3689: 3681: 3677: 3669: 3665: 3657: 3653: 3645: 3641: 3633: 3629: 3621: 3614: 3606: 3602: 3594: 3590: 3582: 3578: 3570: 3566: 3558: 3554: 3546: 3542: 3534: 3530: 3522: 3518: 3510: 3506: 3498: 3494: 3486: 3482: 3474: 3470: 3462: 3458: 3450: 3443: 3435: 3431: 3423: 3419: 3413:Tomasevich 2001 3411: 3407: 3399: 3395: 3387: 3383: 3375: 3371: 3363: 3359: 3351: 3344: 3336: 3329: 3321: 3314: 3306: 3302: 3294: 3290: 3282: 3278: 3270: 3263: 3255: 3248: 3240: 3236: 3228: 3221: 3215:Tomasevich 2001 3213: 3200: 3192: 3188: 3180: 3176: 3168: 3164: 3158:Tomasevich 2001 3156: 3152: 3146:Pavlowitch 2007 3144: 3140: 3132: 3128: 3120: 3116: 3108: 3104: 3096: 3092: 3084: 3080: 3072: 3068: 3060: 3056: 3048: 3044: 3040:, p. 1061. 3036: 3032: 3024: 3015: 3007: 3000: 2992: 2988: 2982:Tomasevich 2001 2980: 2976: 2968: 2964: 2956: 2949: 2941: 2937: 2929: 2920: 2912: 2908: 2902:Tomasevich 2001 2900: 2891: 2883: 2858: 2850: 2846: 2838: 2827: 2821:Tomasevich 2001 2819: 2815: 2807: 2803: 2795: 2784: 2776: 2772: 2764: 2760: 2754:Tomasevich 2001 2752: 2748: 2742:Tomasevich 2001 2740: 2736: 2728: 2721: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2703: 2694: 2690: 2685: 2681: 2672: 2668: 2659: 2655: 2646: 2642: 2637: 2633: 2625: 2621: 2613: 2609: 2601: 2597: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2546: 2524:Albanian Legion 2481: 2410:order of battle 2408:The divisional 2406: 2404:Order of battle 2384: 2335: 2298:Obersturmführer 2289:Generalleutnant 2270: 2196: 2082: 2066: 2049: 2047:Division splits 1995: 1989:mid-September. 1965: 1892: 1858:Sturmbannführer 1840: 1839: 1838: 1836: 1830: 1829: 1828: 1827: 1821: 1813: 1812: 1811: 1805: 1797: 1796: 1795: 1789: 1773: 1737: 1709:Helmuth Raithel 1649: 1632: 1609: 1604: 1574:confers with a 1559: 1539: 1467: 1387: 1334:Pannonian Plain 1309: 1275: 1269: 1223: 1140: 1053: 1000: 953: 930: 891: 792:Mladen Lorković 784: 758:Josip Broz Tito 691:Reichsführer-SS 677: 655:(12 November), 636: 630: 539:(leader) of an 498: 493: 356:Bosnian Muslims 323:, and parts of 259: 249: 242: 231: 157: 153: 88: 86: 85: 76: 74: 58: 56: 40: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6834: 6833: 6830: 6822: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6746: 6745: 6741: 6740: 6711: 6708: 6707: 6684: 6683: 6681: 6680: 6673: 6666: 6664: 6660: 6657: 6656: 6654: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6632: 6631: 6626: 6617: 6615: 6611: 6610: 6608: 6607: 6601: 6599: 6595: 6594: 6592: 6591: 6585: 6583: 6579: 6578: 6576: 6575: 6569: 6567: 6563: 6562: 6560: 6559: 6553: 6551: 6547: 6546: 6544: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6507: 6505: 6501: 6500: 6498: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6485:Battle of Knin 6482: 6477: 6476: 6475: 6470: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6444: 6442: 6438: 6437: 6435: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6408: 6406: 6402: 6401: 6399: 6398: 6393: 6391:Operation Alfa 6388: 6383: 6378: 6376:Operation Trio 6373: 6367: 6365: 6361: 6360: 6358: 6357: 6352: 6351: 6350: 6345: 6337: 6336: 6335: 6325: 6324: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6263: 6262: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6238: 6232: 6230: 6226: 6225: 6220: 6218: 6217: 6210: 6203: 6195: 6186: 6185: 6182: 6181: 6170: 6157: 6154: 6153: 6151: 6150: 6145: 6139: 6137: 6133: 6132: 6130: 6129: 6124: 6118: 6116: 6108: 6107: 6105: 6104: 6102:35 (Grenadier) 6099: 6093: 6091: 6087: 6086: 6084: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6063: 6054: 6044: 6037: 6032: 6030:30 (2 Russian) 6027: 6025:29 (1 Italian) 6022: 6017: 6007: 5996: 5991: 5982: 5977: 5975:19 (2 Latvian) 5972: 5970:15 (1 Latvian) 5967: 5961: 5959: 5955: 5954: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5947: 5942: 5936: 5934: 5927: 5926: 5916: 5911: 5904: 5895: 5893: 5889: 5888: 5886: 5885: 5877: 5868: 5859: 5850: 5840: 5831: 5829: 5825: 5824: 5822: 5821: 5811: 5801: 5793: 5785: 5774: 5772: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5758: 5750: 5742: 5734: 5726: 5718: 5710: 5701: 5699: 5691: 5690: 5684: 5682: 5681: 5674: 5667: 5659: 5650: 5649: 5646: 5640: 5623: 5617: 5600: 5593: 5573: 5551: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5511: 5490: 5469: 5459:(4): 351–372. 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5435: 5429: 5411: 5405: 5384: 5378: 5359: 5353: 5331: 5325: 5304: 5298: 5285:Bundesarchives 5279: 5273: 5256: 5250: 5230: 5209: 5186: 5180: 5163: 5152: 5146: 5124: 5117: 5104: 5098: 5078: 5072: 5056: 5050: 5031: 5025: 5009: 4988: 4982: 4967: 4946: 4921:(1): 189–200. 4903: 4897: 4879: 4858: 4837: 4831: 4815:Miletić, Antun 4807: 4801: 4784: 4778: 4754: 4733: 4727: 4712: 4706: 4693: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4658: 4656:, p. 361. 4646: 4631: 4619: 4607: 4595: 4593:, p. 153. 4583: 4581:, p. 136. 4571: 4569:, p. 345. 4559: 4557:, p. 321. 4547: 4545:, p. 195. 4535: 4533:, p. 194. 4523: 4521:, p. 190. 4511: 4509:, p. 109. 4499: 4497:, p. 313. 4487: 4475: 4463: 4461:, p. 312. 4451: 4449:, p. 311. 4436: 4434:, p. 244. 4424: 4412: 4410:, p. 191. 4400: 4398:, p. 180. 4396:Velikonja 2003 4388: 4386:, p. 105. 4376: 4364: 4352: 4340: 4328: 4316: 4314:, p. 302. 4304: 4302:, p. 300. 4292: 4280: 4268: 4266:, p. 282. 4256: 4244: 4232: 4230:, p. 268. 4220: 4218:, p. 266. 4208: 4206:, p. 259. 4196: 4184: 4182:, p. 430. 4172: 4170:, p. 264. 4160: 4158:, p. 263. 4145: 4133: 4121: 4119:, p. 253. 4109: 4097: 4085: 4073: 4061: 4059:, p. 411. 4049: 4028: 4016: 4014:, p. 265. 4004: 4002:, p. 240. 3989: 3977: 3962: 3947: 3935: 3933:, p. 193. 3923: 3921:, p. 234. 3911: 3899: 3887: 3885:, p. 360. 3875: 3863: 3861:, p. 231. 3851: 3849:, p. 324. 3839: 3827: 3825:, p. 275. 3815: 3813:, p. 241. 3803: 3801:, p. 175. 3791: 3779: 3767: 3765:, p. 213. 3752: 3740: 3728: 3726:, p. 193. 3711: 3699: 3687: 3675: 3663: 3661:, p. 180. 3651: 3639: 3627: 3625:, p. 165. 3612: 3610:, p. 196. 3600: 3598:, p. 162. 3588: 3586:, p. 157. 3576: 3574:, p. 155. 3564: 3552: 3540: 3538:, p. 151. 3528: 3526:, p. 462. 3516: 3514:, p. 194. 3504: 3492: 3480: 3478:, p. 187. 3468: 3456: 3441: 3439:, p. 140. 3429: 3417: 3415:, p. 497. 3405: 3393: 3381: 3379:, p. 104. 3369: 3367:, p. 190. 3357: 3342: 3340:, p. 106. 3327: 3325:, p. 103. 3312: 3300: 3288: 3276: 3274:, p. 107. 3261: 3259:, p. 181. 3246: 3244:, p. 233. 3234: 3219: 3217:, p. 499. 3198: 3186: 3184:, p. 101. 3174: 3162: 3150: 3148:, p. 177. 3138: 3136:, p. 118. 3126: 3114: 3102: 3100:, p. 358. 3090: 3088:, p. 199. 3078: 3066: 3054: 3042: 3030: 3013: 2998: 2986: 2974: 2962: 2947: 2935: 2933:, p. 182. 2918: 2916:, p. 229. 2906: 2904:, p. 496. 2889: 2887:, p. 295. 2856: 2844: 2825: 2823:, p. 492. 2813: 2811:, p. 227. 2801: 2782: 2770: 2758: 2746: 2744:, p. 272. 2734: 2732:, p. 138. 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2710: 2701: 2688: 2679: 2666: 2653: 2640: 2631: 2619: 2607: 2595: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2573: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2545: 2542: 2480: 2477: 2473: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2425: 2405: 2402: 2383: 2380: 2379: 2378: 2370: 2359: 2351: 2334: 2331: 2314:January 1981. 2269: 2266: 2195: 2192: 2081: 2078: 2065: 2062: 2048: 2045: 1994: 1991: 1964: 1961: 1933: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1891: 1888: 1832: 1831: 1823: 1822: 1815: 1814: 1807: 1806: 1799: 1798: 1791: 1790: 1783: 1782: 1776: 1775: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1736: 1733: 1717:(2nd Croatian) 1691: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1664: 1663: 1656: 1639: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1595:Ustaše militia 1558: 1555: 1538: 1535: 1466: 1463: 1450:(1st Albanian) 1386: 1383: 1308: 1307:Operation Save 1305: 1268: 1265: 1222: 1219: 1215:Ottoman Empire 1207:fighting knife 1139: 1136: 1079:Western Allies 1052: 1049: 999: 996: 952: 949: 929: 926: 890: 887: 830:Serbo-Croatian 783: 780: 711:Gottlob Berger 676: 673: 651:(21 October), 647:(12 October), 632:Main article: 629: 626: 569:Ustaše Militia 497: 494: 492: 489: 461:Western Allies 352:Ottoman Empire 344:fighting knife 336:Serbo-Croatian 267:(1st Croatian) 257: 254: 253: 244: 238: 237: 233: 232: 230: 229: 228: 227: 226: 225: 215: 214: 213: 210: 207: 204: 201: 198: 195: 194:Operation Save 192: 178: 176: 172: 171: 166: 162: 161: 148: 144: 143: 137: 133: 132: 129: 125: 124: 112: 108: 107: 102: 98: 97: 72: 68: 67: 54: 50: 49: 46: 42: 41: 38: 30: 29: 28:(1st Croatian) 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6832: 6831: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6751: 6749: 6737: 6736: 6724: 6720: 6714: 6706: 6696: 6692: 6679: 6678: 6674: 6672: 6671: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6661: 6658: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6621: 6619: 6618: 6616: 6612: 6606: 6603: 6602: 6600: 6596: 6590: 6587: 6586: 6584: 6580: 6574: 6571: 6570: 6568: 6564: 6558: 6555: 6554: 6552: 6548: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6511:Syrmian Front 6509: 6508: 6506: 6502: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6465: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6445: 6443: 6439: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6409: 6407: 6403: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6368: 6366: 6362: 6356: 6353: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6334: 6331: 6330: 6329: 6326: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6268: 6267: 6264: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6241: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6233: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6216: 6211: 6209: 6204: 6202: 6197: 6196: 6193: 6180: 6172: 6171: 6169: 6165: 6161: 6155: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6140: 6138: 6134: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6109: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6088: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6071: 6070: 6064: 6062: 6060: 6055: 6053: 6052: 6051: 6045: 6043: 6042: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6015: 6014: 6008: 6006: 6005: 6003: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5989:(1 Hungarian) 5988: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5962: 5960: 5956: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5937: 5935: 5931: 5925: 5924: 5923: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5909: 5905: 5903: 5902: 5901:Florian Geyer 5897: 5896: 5894: 5890: 5884: 5883: 5878: 5876: 5874: 5869: 5867: 5865: 5860: 5858: 5856: 5851: 5849: 5848: 5847: 5841: 5839: 5838: 5833: 5832: 5830: 5826: 5820: 5819: 5818: 5812: 5810: 5809: 5808: 5802: 5800: 5799: 5794: 5792: 5791: 5786: 5784: 5783: 5782: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5771: 5769: 5763: 5757: 5756: 5751: 5749: 5748: 5743: 5741: 5740: 5735: 5733: 5732: 5727: 5725: 5724: 5719: 5717: 5716: 5711: 5709: 5708: 5703: 5702: 5700: 5698: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5680: 5675: 5673: 5668: 5666: 5661: 5660: 5657: 5653: 5647: 5643: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5624: 5620: 5614: 5610: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5577:Redžić, Enver 5574: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5552:9780198790556 5548: 5543: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5521: 5520: 5515: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5491: 5479: 5475: 5470: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5445: 5444: 5439: 5432: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5412: 5408: 5402: 5398: 5393: 5392: 5385: 5381: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5366: 5360: 5356: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5341: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5322: 5318: 5313: 5312: 5305: 5301: 5295: 5291: 5286: 5280: 5276: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5257: 5253: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5193: 5187: 5183: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5164: 5160: 5159: 5153: 5149: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5134: 5129: 5128:Malcolm, Noel 5125: 5120: 5114: 5110: 5105: 5101: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5038: 5032: 5028: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4989: 4985: 4983:0-7923-0798-4 4979: 4975: 4974: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4947: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4909: 4904: 4900: 4894: 4890: 4889: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4838: 4834: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4785: 4781: 4775: 4771: 4766: 4765: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4734: 4730: 4724: 4720: 4719: 4713: 4709: 4703: 4699: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4673: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4655: 4650: 4647: 4643: 4638: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4623: 4620: 4616: 4611: 4608: 4604: 4599: 4596: 4592: 4587: 4584: 4580: 4579:Scherzer 2007 4575: 4572: 4568: 4563: 4560: 4556: 4551: 4548: 4544: 4539: 4536: 4532: 4527: 4524: 4520: 4515: 4512: 4508: 4503: 4500: 4496: 4491: 4488: 4485:, p. 89. 4484: 4479: 4476: 4472: 4467: 4464: 4460: 4455: 4452: 4448: 4443: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4428: 4425: 4421: 4416: 4413: 4409: 4404: 4401: 4397: 4392: 4389: 4385: 4380: 4377: 4373: 4368: 4365: 4361: 4356: 4353: 4349: 4344: 4341: 4337: 4332: 4329: 4325: 4320: 4317: 4313: 4308: 4305: 4301: 4296: 4293: 4289: 4284: 4281: 4277: 4272: 4269: 4265: 4260: 4257: 4253: 4248: 4245: 4241: 4236: 4233: 4229: 4224: 4221: 4217: 4212: 4209: 4205: 4200: 4197: 4193: 4188: 4185: 4181: 4176: 4173: 4169: 4164: 4161: 4157: 4152: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4137: 4134: 4130: 4125: 4122: 4118: 4113: 4110: 4106: 4101: 4098: 4094: 4089: 4086: 4082: 4077: 4074: 4070: 4065: 4062: 4058: 4053: 4050: 4046: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4020: 4017: 4013: 4008: 4005: 4001: 3996: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3981: 3978: 3974: 3969: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3954: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3939: 3936: 3932: 3927: 3924: 3920: 3915: 3912: 3908: 3907:Đonlagić 1983 3903: 3900: 3897:, p. 74. 3896: 3891: 3888: 3884: 3879: 3876: 3872: 3867: 3864: 3860: 3855: 3852: 3848: 3843: 3840: 3836: 3831: 3828: 3824: 3819: 3816: 3812: 3807: 3804: 3800: 3795: 3792: 3788: 3783: 3780: 3776: 3771: 3768: 3764: 3759: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3744: 3741: 3737: 3732: 3729: 3725: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3703: 3700: 3696: 3691: 3688: 3684: 3679: 3676: 3672: 3667: 3664: 3660: 3655: 3652: 3648: 3643: 3640: 3636: 3631: 3628: 3624: 3619: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3604: 3601: 3597: 3592: 3589: 3585: 3580: 3577: 3573: 3568: 3565: 3561: 3556: 3553: 3549: 3544: 3541: 3537: 3532: 3529: 3525: 3520: 3517: 3513: 3508: 3505: 3501: 3496: 3493: 3489: 3484: 3481: 3477: 3472: 3469: 3465: 3460: 3457: 3453: 3448: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3433: 3430: 3427:, p. 47. 3426: 3421: 3418: 3414: 3409: 3406: 3403:, p. 64. 3402: 3397: 3394: 3390: 3385: 3382: 3378: 3373: 3370: 3366: 3361: 3358: 3354: 3349: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3334: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3319: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3304: 3301: 3297: 3292: 3289: 3286:, p. 52. 3285: 3280: 3277: 3273: 3268: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3253: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3238: 3235: 3231: 3226: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3199: 3196:, p. 75. 3195: 3190: 3187: 3183: 3178: 3175: 3171: 3166: 3163: 3159: 3154: 3151: 3147: 3142: 3139: 3135: 3130: 3127: 3124:, p. 35. 3123: 3118: 3115: 3112:, p. 34. 3111: 3106: 3103: 3099: 3094: 3091: 3087: 3082: 3079: 3075: 3070: 3067: 3063: 3058: 3055: 3051: 3050:Živković 2017 3046: 3043: 3039: 3038:Živković 2017 3034: 3031: 3028:, p. 53. 3027: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3005: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2990: 2987: 2983: 2978: 2975: 2972:, p. 19. 2971: 2966: 2963: 2960:, p. 18. 2959: 2954: 2952: 2948: 2945:, p. 70. 2944: 2939: 2936: 2932: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2910: 2907: 2903: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2848: 2845: 2841: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2817: 2814: 2810: 2805: 2802: 2798: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2774: 2771: 2767: 2762: 2759: 2755: 2750: 2747: 2743: 2738: 2735: 2731: 2726: 2724: 2720: 2714: 2705: 2702: 2698: 2692: 2689: 2683: 2680: 2676: 2670: 2667: 2663: 2657: 2654: 2650: 2644: 2641: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2604:major general 2599: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2584: 2581: 2575: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2547: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2534: 2528: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2508: 2503: 2499: 2490: 2485: 2478: 2476: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2448: 2447: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2431: 2426: 2422: 2421: 2415: 2414: 2413: 2411: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2395: 2390: 2381: 2375: 2371: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2340: 2339: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2315: 2312: 2307: 2300: 2299: 2291: 2290: 2284: 2279: 2276: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2234: 2232: 2228: 2223: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2172: 2169: 2163: 2159: 2154: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2137: 2131: 2125: 2120: 2116: 2111: 2109: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2071: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2053: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2032: 2025: 2023: 2018: 2017:Jagdkommandos 2013: 2008: 2003: 1999: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1983: 1978: 1976: 1971: 1962: 1960: 1956: 1954: 1950: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1914: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1904: 1899: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1879: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1863: 1860: 1859: 1851: 1844: 1835: 1826: 1810: 1794: 1780: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1761: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1742: 1734: 1732: 1728: 1726: 1725:hand grenades 1720: 1718: 1716: 1710: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1680: 1676: 1674: 1668: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1648: 1645:commanded by 1644: 1640: 1636: 1631: 1628:commanded by 1627: 1623: 1622: 1621: 1618: 1614: 1606: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1592: 1587: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1563: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1527: 1522: 1520: 1515: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1496: 1493: 1489: 1484: 1480: 1471: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1458:Jagdkommandos 1453: 1451: 1449: 1443: 1438: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1419: 1417: 1414:to reach the 1413: 1409: 1405: 1400: 1397: 1393: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1361: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1347: 1341: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1318:Bosanska Rača 1313: 1306: 1304: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1293:Antun Miletić 1290: 1287:According to 1285: 1279: 1274: 1266: 1264: 1262: 1257: 1254: 1253:Volksdeutsche 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1227: 1220: 1218: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1203: 1202: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1179: 1173: 1167: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1149: 1144: 1137: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1124: 1118: 1116: 1110: 1108: 1103: 1102: 1095: 1089: 1087: 1082: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1066: 1057: 1050: 1048: 1046: 1042: 1037: 1036: 1035:SS-Oberführer 1030: 1026: 1025: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1009: 1005: 997: 995: 991: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 968: 967:Volksdeutsche 957: 950: 948: 945: 944: 938: 934: 927: 925: 923: 919: 915: 907: 903: 902: 895: 888: 886: 884: 883: 882:reis-ul-ulema 877: 874: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 848: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 822: 815: 813: 812: 807: 805: 800: 799: 793: 789: 781: 779: 777: 773: 772: 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6738:from Commons 6733: 6712: 6675: 6668: 6348:Srb uprising 6163: 6159: 6068: 6065: 6058: 6049: 6046: 6039: 6012: 6009: 6001: 5998: 5986: 5921: 5918: 5906: 5900: 5881: 5875:(2 Croatian) 5872: 5866:(1 Albanian) 5863: 5857:(1 Croatian) 5854: 5852: 5845: 5842: 5836: 5816: 5813: 5807:Horst Wessel 5806: 5803: 5797: 5789: 5780: 5777: 5767: 5765: 5755:Hitlerjugend 5754: 5746: 5739:Hohenstaufen 5738: 5730: 5722: 5714: 5706: 5694: 5685: 5652: 5631: 5627: 5604: 5584: 5580: 5524: 5498: 5494: 5482:. Retrieved 5477: 5456: 5452: 5420: 5415: 5390: 5364: 5339: 5310: 5288: 5283: 5260: 5237: 5217: 5213: 5196: 5191: 5167: 5157: 5132: 5108: 5085: 5063: 5060:Keegan, John 5036: 5016: 4996: 4992: 4972: 4954: 4950: 4938:. Retrieved 4931:the original 4918: 4914: 4887: 4883:Fisk, Robert 4866: 4862: 4845: 4841: 4822: 4818: 4788: 4763: 4741: 4737: 4717: 4697: 4680: 4676: 4649: 4622: 4610: 4598: 4586: 4574: 4562: 4550: 4538: 4526: 4514: 4502: 4490: 4478: 4466: 4454: 4427: 4415: 4408:Malcolm 1994 4403: 4391: 4379: 4367: 4355: 4343: 4331: 4319: 4307: 4295: 4283: 4271: 4259: 4247: 4235: 4223: 4211: 4199: 4187: 4175: 4163: 4136: 4124: 4112: 4100: 4088: 4076: 4064: 4052: 4019: 4007: 3980: 3938: 3931:Mraović 1985 3926: 3914: 3902: 3895:Antonić 1989 3890: 3878: 3866: 3854: 3842: 3830: 3818: 3806: 3794: 3782: 3770: 3743: 3731: 3702: 3690: 3678: 3666: 3654: 3642: 3630: 3603: 3591: 3579: 3567: 3555: 3543: 3531: 3519: 3507: 3495: 3483: 3471: 3459: 3432: 3420: 3408: 3396: 3384: 3372: 3365:Malcolm 1994 3360: 3303: 3291: 3279: 3237: 3189: 3177: 3165: 3153: 3141: 3129: 3117: 3105: 3093: 3081: 3069: 3057: 3045: 3033: 2989: 2977: 2965: 2938: 2914:Motadel 2014 2909: 2847: 2816: 2804: 2778:Malcolm 1994 2773: 2761: 2749: 2737: 2704: 2691: 2682: 2669: 2656: 2643: 2634: 2622: 2610: 2598: 2583: 2529: 2511: 2494: 2474: 2430:Gebirgsjäger 2427:28th Waffen 2420:Gebirgsjäger 2416:27th Waffen 2407: 2385: 2348:Artur Phleps 2336: 2316: 2280: 2271: 2238:British Army 2235: 2224: 2197: 2176:Lake Balaton 2173: 2150:Within days 2149: 2143:in southern 2135: 2083: 2067: 2054: 2050: 2026: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1979: 1966: 1957: 1945: 1934: 1911: 1893: 1880: 1876: 1864: 1845: 1841: 1762: 1738: 1729: 1721: 1714: 1692: 1677: 1669: 1665: 1630:Danilo Lekić 1610: 1591:Green Cadres 1586:Zeleni kadar 1581: 1540: 1531: 1523: 1516: 1497: 1479:Army Group F 1476: 1454: 1447: 1439: 1420: 1412:Donja Trnova 1401: 1396:Gornji Rahić 1388: 1364: 1342: 1314: 1310: 1299:, and 70 in 1297:Sremska Rača 1270: 1258: 1232: 1168: 1163: 1153: 1132:Vanja Radauš 1119: 1111: 1094:Noel Malcolm 1090: 1086:Halim Malkoč 1083: 1069:Ferid Džanić 1062: 1019: 1011:départements 1001: 992: 966: 962: 935: 931: 911: 880: 878: 834:Alija Šuljak 816: 809: 802: 796: 785: 770: 766: 747: 731: 727:Artur Phleps 686: 669:Adolf Hitler 661: 637: 585: 521:Ante Pavelić 499: 469:British Army 458: 399: 395:Ante Pavelić 389: 386:Adolf Hitler 380: 368: 329: 309:puppet state 264: 262: 260: 182:World War II 168: 147:Part of 116:Gebirgsjäger 114: 83:Nazi Germany 65:Nazi Germany 25: 18: 6059:Charlemagne 6004:(1 Flemish) 5846:Prinz Eugen 4384:Keegan 1970 4372:Bishop 2007 4024:Grujić 1959 3799:Grujić 1959 2730:Keegan 1970 2446:Panzerjäger 2389:Karl Liecke 2115:Pélmonostor 2108:Kampfgruppe 1898:Hackfleisch 1673:machine gun 1650: [ 1647:Miloš Zekić 1633: [ 1526:Nova Kasaba 1512:Han Pijesak 1338:Velino Selo 1276: [ 1039:. He was a 951:Composition 922:Nazi salute 782:Recruitment 771:Prinz Eugen 510:Axis powers 456:frontier. 175:Engagements 165:Nickname(s) 6748:Categories 6417:Case Black 6412:Case White 6316:Novi Pazar 6061:(1 French) 6002:Langemarck 5882:Karstjäger 5864:Skanderbeg 5747:Frundsberg 5507:1242119546 5082:Kumm, Otto 4940:15 October 4663:References 4654:Lepre 1997 4642:Lepre 1997 4615:Lepre 1997 4603:Lepre 1997 4567:Lepre 1997 4555:Lepre 1997 4507:Rubin 2007 4495:Lepre 1997 4483:Lepre 1997 4471:Lepre 1997 4459:Lepre 1997 4447:Lepre 1997 4420:Stein 1984 4360:Lepre 1997 4348:Lepre 1997 4336:Lepre 1997 4324:Böhme 1962 4312:Lepre 1997 4300:Lepre 1997 4288:Lepre 1997 4276:Lepre 1997 4264:Lepre 1997 4252:Lepre 1997 4240:Lepre 1997 4228:Lepre 1997 4216:Lepre 1997 4204:Hoare 2013 4192:Lepre 1997 4168:Lepre 1997 4156:Lepre 1997 4141:Lepre 1997 4129:Lepre 1997 4117:Lepre 1997 4105:Lepre 1997 4093:Lepre 1997 4081:Lepre 1997 4069:Lepre 1997 4045:Lepre 1997 4000:Lepre 1997 3985:Lepre 1997 3973:Lepre 1997 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