540:, and 111 trailers. Headquarters and the 46th Chemical Company (Smoke Dawgs) were part of the VII Corps race across the desert in the “100-Hour War,” travelling 375 kilometers (233 miles.) Initially the Red Dragons were attached to the 1st Infantry which had the main attack, then the main attack was transferred to the 3rd Armored. At night the Red Dragons detached from the 1st ID which was in motion and in contact with the enemy, traveled 70 miles (113 kilometers) across unmarked desert to attach to the 3rd AD which was also in motion and in contact. On the way they went through acres of unexploded sub-munitions from American field artillery missions. This feat of land navigation was accomplished without GPS, because the XVIII Airborne had taken them. When hostilities ceased on 28 February, the battalion took up position in Kuwait for maintenance/recovery operations and supporting VII Corps in humanitarian assistance. On 7 May the battalion departed from Dhahran Airbase to return to Fort Hood, TX.
536:. On 10 January 1991 the battalion was attached to the Army VII Corps (designated the main force for the attack into Iraq), The VII Corps would eventually total approximately 145,000 Soldiers, and consist of four Armor divisions (one being the UK 1st Armor Division), one Mechanized Infantry Division and the 2d Armored Cavalry Regiment. The Red Dragons provided all chemical support to this formation, other than organic chemical units. When the ground war began on 24 February 1991 the battalion's operating chemical companies were the 46th and 84th, both smoke companies, the 181st, equipped for decontamination, the 323rd, a reserve unit, and the 12th Chemical Maintenance Company. The smoke companies lived in their tracks in the desert for five months. The total strength and equipment was 590 soldiers, 154 wheeled vehicles, 53
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inflicting tremendous casualties among attackers, and redeploying as soon as a relative lull occurred to yet another sector where the savage battle flared anew.” This was one of four citations that the battalion earned during the war. The Red
Dragons were the only chemical mortar battalion to serve in the war, and routinely outperformed heavy mortar units of the infantry, although operating with much lower manpower. The unit remained in combat for 1007 days, never relieved or placed in reserve. It participated in eight of the ten United Nations campaigns of the war. Sixty-one members of the battalion were killed or missing in action.
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performed this task with such excellence that they were praised by the I Corps
Commanding General for “maintaining practically the entire line of communication upon which the advancing Divisions were dependent” which was “of first importance” to the success of the campaign. Meanwhile, officers and picked weapon squads demonstrated to American combat commanders the effectiveness of their gas weaponry. This began a tradition still demonstrated by the Red Dragons today: gaining trust and confidence by excelling at onerous, off-mission work, and using persuasion and education to ensure their chemical capabilities are used most effectively.
484:. Working together smoothly these two units formed the rear guard as all of Eighth Army retreated more than 400 miles. They were the only units in contact with the enemy, constantly setting ambushes and falling back. The association of these two units continued for almost six months, and after the war the 27th gave the Red Dragons a set of ceremonial drums like the one they used on parade, which rest today in battalion HQ at Fort Cavazos. On 14 February 1951, the Red dragons, still with the 27th Commonwealth Brigade, played a critical role in saving the US 23rd Infantry which was surrounded at Chipyong-ni by 90,000 Chinese troops.
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to YongByon, North Korea. They were assigned the code name NATIVE and kept it for the rest of the war. A week later the battalion was over run at Unsan when the
Chinese made their first significant entry into the war. Many guns and vehicles were lost and 19 men were killed, some by capture and execution. On 26 November the Chinese made a major assault against the US 9th Infantry, which the Red Dragons were supporting. The Chinese over ran most of the battalion's gun positions, and men continued to fire missions for the infantry while under small arms fire. Six men were killed; two were awarded posthumous Silver Stars.
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until 16 January 1955 when it was deactivated. On 7 January 1958 Headquarters and
Headquarters Company was reactivated at Fort McClellan, Alabama as the 2nd Chemical Battalion (Smoke Generator.) Companies A, B, and C, still at Dugway were inactivated at the same time. For the first time in its 40-year history, the Red Dragons became a service unit rather than a combat unit. Smoke operations continued until the unit was deactivated 19 December 1973 at Fort McClellan Alabama. It was reactivated on 1 September 1981 as the 2d Chemical Battalion, stationed at Fort Hood, Texas.
508:. Initially the battalion consisted only of Headquarters and the 181st Chemical Detachment. The 181st was later expanded to a company and has remained part of the Red Dragons to the present day. There is not a record of which companies were in the battalion at any point in time, until Desert Storm. With various numbered companies, the battalion continued to function through the next twenty years with at least one smoke company, a decontamination company, a chemical reconnaissance company, and at times a BIDS (Biological Integrated Detection System.)
553:. The battalion was the first to deploy with Foxes, for chemical reconnaissance missions in Desert Storm. Beginning in 1998 it also tested the upgraded M93A1 Variant proving as viable new automated systems for sampling, analysis and reporting and the first remote chemical sensing system, the Remote Sensing Chemical Agent Alarm (RSCAAL) A number of chemical companies rotated in and out of the battalion including the 21st, 44th, 46th 59th, 84th, 101st, and 172nd. The 181st Chemical Company did not rotate, but remained with the battalion.
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in the 1970s was carried out with the M12 skid-mounted decontamination system that was standardized in 1961. This was replaced beginning in 1987 by the M17, lighter but with higher capacity. During the 1980s the battalion discontinued the M3 stationary smoke generators that had been in use since 1952. M3 generators were mounted on Humvee platforms under the name M56 Coyote, and on M-1059 vehicles based on M-113 personnel carriers and known as Lynx. The Red
Dragons tested and deployed the Army's first M-1059s in the mid-1980s. The
356:. Five platoons completed a five-week training course and began offensive operations under supervision of the Special Brigade on 2 March, only 93 days after formal organization. During this period the 30th Engineers participated in the largest gas attack of the war, consisting of 4,000 Livens projectors. On 22 May 1918, the regiment began combat operations as an independent American unit. The 30th Engineers won three campaign streamers – Flanders 1918, Lys, and Lorraine 1918 which are still carried on the battalion colors today.
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detect and identify chemical agents. A few isolated chemical munitions were identified, but the primary effort involved industrial chemical inventories. Large quantities of nitric acid posed particular problems. After the invasion, Red Dragon platoons were deployed to a variety of locations as far north as Tikrit. They were tasked for guard duty, infantry patrols, convoy escort, and other non-chemical duties. One platoon guarded a Tikrit bridge within a mile of
581:(Stryker) system was deployed to replace the Fox. Some deployments in this period involved identification and assessment of “sensitive sites” which might contain chemical or valuable intelligence. The last company to deploy to Iraq was the 44th Chemical Company in 2010, which upon return went immediately into training with the M1135. In 2014 Red Dragons of the 181st Chemical Company retired the Army's last active Foxes at the National Training Center.
437:, Company A joined the First Airborne Task in a glider assault 15 miles inland from the beaches. The battalion continued with the ABTF defending against any German penetration of the French-Italian border in the Maritime Alps. They then proceeded to the Vosges Mountains, attached to the First French Army. At this point they had completed the Southern France campaign. On 31 December 1944 the designation changed to 2nd Chemical Mortar Battalion.
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new unit as the “2nd
Desperate Chemical Battalion.” The battalion began training with the new 4.2-inch chemical mortar, developed from the 4-inch Stokes mortar. The new weapon had a rifled barrel that give it unprecedented accuracy, and a firm base structure that allowed firing up to 20 rounds per minute. With a 25-pound shell a company of mortars had the firepower (although not the range) of a full battalion of 105 mm howitzers.
307:(AEF) decided to establish a Gas Service, part of which would be an offensive gas regiment. Born out of this decision was War Department General Order 108, dated 15 August 1917, which authorized and established an offensive gas unit designated as the 30th Engineer Regiment (Gas and Flame.) Shortly thereafter, General Order 31 from the General Headquarters of the AEF officially activated the Gas Service Section with Colonel
408:, NC under a new commander, Major Robert W. Breaks. On 1 April 1942 Companies B, C, and D and a Medical Detachment were activated. For 14 months Breaks carried out a training program that involved working with paratroopers and engineers, extensive mountain training, and four amphibious invasion exercises. Most important, they trained with the 45th Infantry Division, with which they invaded Sicily in
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while another drank a suitable beverage from the muzzle. At the Red Dragon
Centennial in 2017 this custom was revived as “The Fireshot Ceremony.” The name recalls that in a mortar position the platoon leader would order “Fire!” and as soon as the round was on its way, would say into the phone “Shot!” so that the Fire Direction Center could mark the exact time until impact.
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464:, the nerve gas used for mass executions in the concentration camps. On 26 July 1946 the battalion was deactivated in Germany, with remaining personnel going to the 9th Infantry Division. During the war the battalion was in combat for 511 days, the same as the 45th Division, and more than any other unit in the US Army. Fifty-eight men were killed in action.
380:, Maryland which remained its home station until 1953. Duties at Edgewood were mostly routine for more than a decade. The men maintained the grounds, polished their equipment, and drilled. They conducted demonstrations with Stokes mortars and Livens projectors and taught the Chemical Warfare Course for all Army officers. Being trained with
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A motorized unit had sufficient organic transport that it could move itself without vehicles from
Quartermasters or other support units. The phrase “Flammis Vincimus” is Latin for “We conquer with Fire,” referring to the units use of dedicated offensive chemical weapons in World War I. It is the only unit in the US Army to have done so.
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When the unit was a smoke generator battalion LTC Jack
Stenger, a battalion commander who was a former mortar company commander was concerned that the men would forget their heritage. He procured a barrel from an M2A1 4.2-inch mortar and a custom was instituted in which four men would hold the barrel
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From 2004 to 2010 companies were almost constantly rotated on deployments. Further, individual soldiers were pulled from undeployed companies and inserted into both chemical and non-chemical units. The demand was high; soldiers meeting the criteria for deployment could be almost certain of individual
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The 2nd
Chemical Mortar Battalion was transferred at zero strength to the U.S. and re-designated the 2nd Chemical Weapons Battalion. Personnel were transferred from the 3rd Chemical Weapons Battalion which was deactivated. The battalion trained with 5.5-inch chemical rockets at Dugway Proving grounds
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The Korean War broke out on July 25, 1950. The battalion received movement orders on 7 September 1950 and moved so quickly that 47 days later, on 24 October, they fired their first combat mission. The journey. included travelling 700 miles up the Korean peninsula in four days, from Pusan South Korea
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In reality training consisted mostly of close order drill, marching, inspections and guard duty. The U.S. Army had no men with chemical warfare experience, no weapons or agents to train for offensive chemical warfare, and no gas masks or other protection to train for defensive chemical warfare. On 24
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The Distinctive Unit Insignia consists of a red dragon on gold background. The dragon clasps a blue lightning bolt symbolizing the unit's role as a combat unit from 1918 to 1958. The dragon's foot rests on a stylized wheel, representing the unit's 1940 status as a Motorized unit, rare in those days.
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In 2012 the 2d Chemical Battalion took on the national Defense Chemical Response Force (DCRF) mission. Under this concept the battalion, in addition to readiness for overseas deployment, was tasked to respond to major CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear) incidents in the US, whether
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The 13th Chemical Company was activated with 2nd Chemical in 2001 as the Army's first BIDS unit. It operated at first using a Humvee platform and later a specialized vehicle based on the M-113 personnel carrier. The deactivation of the 13th in 2011 ended the battalion's BIDS mission. Decontamination
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attached, and no infantry regiment without a chemical mortar company attached. Eventually 32 chemical mortar battalions were activated and in 1947 the 4.2-inch mortar was standardized by Ordnance and was the primary heavy support weapon for fifty years. These decisions rested heavily on the mortar's
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The battalion deployed for the initial invasion which began on 19 March 2003. The 44th and 46th Chemical companies advanced with the 4th Infantry Division for provide smoke for river crossings. Several platoons deployed with Foxes. The first vehicle to enter Baghdad Airport was a Red Dragon Fox, to
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On 23 January 1953 all personnel and equipment of the 2nd Chemical Mortar Battalion were transferred to the 461st Infantry Battalion (Heavy Mortar). The Red Dragon personnel, serving as the 461st Infantry Battalion, continued in action until the Armistice, completing their ninth campaign, the tenth
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The battalion was cited specifically for its actions on 6 August 1943 at San Fratello Ridge, known as “Hill 715.” Two battalions of the 15th Infantry became trapped while attacking across the Furiano River. The Red Dragons laid an eight-hour smoke screen on a 3500-yard front to protect the infantry
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Change was more noticeable after 15 April 1935 when the 1st Chemical Regiment was disbanded. The next day the 2nd Separate Chemical Battalion was activated, receiving all personnel and equipment from the disbanded regiment. With supplies and equipment in short supply, soldiers began to refer to the
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The 1st Gas Regiment won battle streamers for Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel, and the Meuse-Argonne. During six campaigns seventy-five members of the regiment made the ultimate sacrifice while supporting the AEF. After the Armistice, the regiment redeployed to Camp Kendrick, Lakehurst, New Jersey where it
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For their second campaign (St. Mihiel) they were assigned all along the American front, supporting eight infantry divisions. Confounding the view that gas weapons were static, members of the regiment began carrying their Stokes mortars along with the advancing infantry to assist by taking out enemy
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In 2002 a crest or coronet was added to the battalion colors, bearing four flames between five steel spikes. The four flames symbolize the four wars in which the battalion fought (Operation Iraqi Freedom had not yet occurred), and the five spikes represent five unit commendations that the unit has
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The 2nd Chemical Mortar Battalion was reactivated at Edgewood Arsenal on 1 February 1949. Personnel and equipment came from the 91st Chemical Mortar Battalion. For the next year and a half, the Red Dragons trained to a high state of readiness under the command of Lieutenant Colonel V. H. Bell. The
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During the Sicilian campaign, 10 July – 18 August 1943, operating under the code name SAPPHIRE, the Red Dragons were the only Allied unit to serve the entire 38-day campaign without relief. Their performance in supporting infantry attacks was so remarkable that shortly after the invasion of Italy,
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Throughout the 1990s the 2d Chemical Battalion remained stationed at Fort Hood, ready on order to deploy and take command and control of chemical units in any theater of operations. During this period the battalion participated heavily in development of the M93 Fox NBCRS (Nuclear Biological and
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When the United Nations advanced again in the spring of 1951 the battalion was moved literally from coast to coast. Their presidential citation for this period reads in part, “…the men of this Battalion moved along the entire width of the battle-line, emplacing where the fighting was heaviest,
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On 13 July 1918 the regiment was re-designated as the 1st Gas Regiment. In its first campaign (Aisne-Marne) the front was very fluid. Gas weapons were considered static and of little use when positions were changing frequently. Therefore, the regiment was assigned to road repairs and the men
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If His Satanic Majesty happened to drop around at the American University training camp to-day, he would see the "Hell Fire Battalion" at work and might blush with envy. On the War Department records the battalion is known as the "Gas and Flame Battalion of the Thirtieth Regiment Engineers."
433:.) The 45th, 34th and 3rd Infantry Divisions went into the line and were rotated out, but the Red Dragons remained in action to support each in turn. The unit participated in the Naples-Foggia and Rome-Arno campaigns, then prepared for the invasion of southern France in operation
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On 5 February 1929 the 1st Gas Regiment was redesignated the 1st Chemical Regiment. The men in ranks hardly noticed, as the idyllic environment at Edgewood continued unchanged. The daily schedule of events was standard, with weekends free after Saturday morning inspections.
453:, and the capture of a town named Traunstein. This was the only occasion in the entire war in which a chemical mortar battalion was credited with such a capture. In Traunstein HQ Company captured a young Luftwaffe deserter named Joseph Ratzinger, who later would become
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In 2007 the battalion became part of the 48th Chemical Brigade, an operational chemical brigade made up of four chemical battalions. The 48th in turn was subordinate to the 20th CBRNE command at the Edgewood Area of Aberdeen Proving Ground, formerly Edgewood Arsenal.
516:, also based on the M113, was introduced in 1998 but never fully replaced the M1059.The Red Dragons used M-1059s in Desert Storm and Operation Iraqi Freedom until the last ones were retired in 2005. After this the battalion mission set no longer included smoke.
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The 2nd Chemical Battalion currently (June 2019) consists of the Headquarters and Headquarters Company (Hellfire), 68th Chemical Company (Responders) and 181st Chemical Company (Double Dragons) at Fort Cavazos, Texas, the 172nd Chemical Company (Gladiators) at
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On 7 September 1943 the unit was re-designated the 2nd Chemical Battalion, Motorized being one of the few Army units with enough organic transport to move itself unassisted. Under this name the battalion participated in the invasion of Italy at Salerno
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battalion taught the Chemical Warfare School for the entire Army. They trained Army and National Guard troops on use of the 4.2-inch mortar. They conducted PORTEX, a practice invasion of Puerto Rico, and trained on airborne operations with the mortar.
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of foreign or domestic origin. The battalion grew as large as 12 companies at four locations. Two years later the DCRF mission rotated to another chemical unit, and the battalion returned to it historical makeup of HHC and four operating companies.
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which was under direct observation and fire from the ridge. Two chemical mortar companies were shelled out of their positions but set up elsewhere and continued firing. That night the two infantry battalions returned safely under cover of darkness.
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in command. Because its lineage traces directly back to the 30th Engineers, this timeline means that not only is the 2D Chemical Battalion the first and oldest unit in the Chemical Corps, but it is also older than the Chemical Corps itself.
532:. The 2d Chemical Battalion received deployment orders from Fort Hood, Texas, and by 27 October 1990 the battalion had closed into Saudi Arabia and was attached to the XVIII Airborne Corps for the Defense of Saudi Arabia during
290:. The unit is sometimes incorrectly referred to as the "2D CBRN Battalion" where CBRN stands for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear. However the correct designation for the unit is "2D Chemical Battalion (CBRN)."
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and last campaign of the war. The 461st was over run twice in June and July 1953. Ironically, those who served in the 461st were eligible for the Combat Infantryman's Badge after their transfer to the new unit.
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Continuing on to cross the Rhine and enter Germany, the battalion completed the Rhineland, Ardennes Alsace, and Germany campaigns. Significant events included defending the flank of 3rd Army during the
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Korean War: UN Offensive; CCF Intervention; First UN Counteroffensive; CCF Spring Offensive; UN Summer-Fall Offensive; Second Korean Winter; *Korea Summer Fall 1952; and Third Korean Winter campaigns.
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As of this writing, July 2019, the Red Dragons continue to train to a high state of readiness for diverse missions. In 2018 Red Dragons provided humanitarian relief to the Houston area in the wake of
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machine gun positions and other strong points. At times their heavy 4-inch gas mortars were in action ahead of the infantry's own 3-inch mortars, firing combinations of gas, smoke, and thermite.
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The 30th Engineer Battalion was popularly known as “The Hellfire Boys.” In recognition of this, 2d Chemical Battalion Headquarters and Headquarters Company has the nickname “Hellfire.”
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Early on the 30th Engineer Regiment became known as the "Hell Fire Battalion", and its soldiers as the "Hell Fire Boys". A 15 November 1917 story in the Baltimore Evening Star stated:
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December 1917, the first two companies of the regiment deployed to France as part of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF), still with no equipment or training for chemical warfare.
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Atkisson set out acquiring officers, enlisted men, equipment and information. Beginning on 19 October 1917, the influx of enlisted personnel into the regiment was "near continuous".
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the battalion spent several months performing guard duty at aircraft manufacturing plants, public water supplies and other potentially sensitive points. Then it was transferred to
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Eldredge, Walter J. Finding My Father's War: A Baby Boomer and the 2nd Chemical Mortar Battalion in World War II, PageFree Publishing, Inc., 2004, p. 246,
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Brown, Michael T. unpublished article, The Red Dragons of Operation Desert Storm, 2017 p. 4 Accessed from Red Dragons Association Website, www.red-dragons.org
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World War II: Sicily (with arrowhead), Naples-Foggia (with arrowhead), Rome-Arno, Southern France (with arrowhead), Rhineland, Ardennes-Alsace, Central Europe
384:, their responsibilities included crowd control and periodic field exercises were conducted to practice this mission as well as combat operations.
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After the German surrender, the battalion was assigned guard duty over numerous sites where the Germans had stored chemical munitions, including
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Once in France, companies A and B reported to the British Special (Chemical) Brigade and received training in offensive chemical warfare with
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At this point the companies were no longer lettered, but had their own numbers and could be moved from battalion to battalion in the
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bombs abandoned from a World War II storage facility. This mission was accomplished with no incidents or injuries of any sort.
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30th Engineers and 1st Gas Regiment Roll of Honor, Bronze plaque in Chemical Corps Memorial Grove, Fort Leonard Wood, MO
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30th Engineers and 1st Gas Regiment Roll of Honor, Bronze plaque in Chemical Corps Memorial Grove, Fort Leonard Wood, MO
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Ladson, Robert History of the Second Chemical Mortar Battalion, privately published in Sazlburg, Austria 1946 p. 9-10
596:. In September of that year 42 soldiers deployed to San Jose Island Panama to demilitarize a collection of 500-pound
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2nd Chemical Mortar Battalion Monument, WW II, bronze plaque in Chemical Corps Memorial Grove, Fort Leonard Wood, MO
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2nd Chemical Mortar Battalion Monument, WW II, bronze plaque in Chemical Corps Memorial Grove, Fort Leonard Wood, MO
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smoke generation (deactivated) mass casualty decontamination, hazardous materials response, and CBRNE reconnaissance
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Thompson, William Tribut to the Men of the 2d Chemical Mortar Battalion Army Chemical Review Jan-June 2005 p. 41
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Langer, William, Gas and Flame in World War I Knopf 1965 Originally published as With E of the First Gas, 1919
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Breaks, Robert W, My Men Had Guts: Sicily – 38 days in the Line, Chemical Warfare Bulletin Feb-March 1944 p 4.
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Ladson, Robert History of the Second Chemical Mortar Battalion, privately published in Salzburg, Austria 1946
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246:. The battalion can trace its lineage from the 30th Engineer Regiment (Gas and Flame) and has served in
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Addison, James Thayer. The Story of the First Gas Regiment, (Google Books), Houghton Mifflin Co., 1919.
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Brown, Michael T. COL (Ret.) Unpublished article “The Red Dragons of Desert Storm” accessed June 2019
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Eldredge, Walter Red Dragons: The 2nd Chemical Mortar Battalion in Korea, Dogear Press, 2009 p 13.
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2015:
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A Commander's Reflections, by Benjamin G. Moore, Col, USA (ret), CO of 2nd Cml Mortar Bn in Korea
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History of 2nd Cml Mortar Bn in Korean War, by Richard L. Slick, 1st Sgt, Co B, 2nd Cml Mortar Bn
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Moore, William, “Gassing the Gassers”, American Legion Weekly, Vol 4, No 43, October 27, 1922 p.3
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was assigned the task of raising and training the fledgling gas regiment which was stationed at
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Eldredge, Walter J. Red Dragons: The 2nd Chemical Mortar Battalion in Korea, Dogear Press 2009
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Moore, William, “Gassing the Gassers”, American Legion Weekly, Vol 4, No 43, October 27, 1922
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Finding My Father's War: A Baby Boomer and the 2nd Chemical Mortar Battalion in World War II
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Eldredge, Walter, Liberating the Pope, Red Dragons Association Website, www.red-dragons.org
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Eldredge, Walter, Liberating the Pope, Red Dragons Association Website, www.red-dragons.org
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Smart, Jeffery, unpublished manuscript A Century of Innovation 1917-2017, 2017 pp. 43, 53
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Bronze plaque, Red Dragons Memorial, Chemical Corps Memorial Grove, Fort Leonard Wood, MO
573:'s "Spider hole". Another platoon remained in Kuwait providing escort for visiting VIPs.
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Army Technical Manual "TM 3-320 4.2-inch Chemical Mortar M1A1, U.S. War Department 1937
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Southwest Asia: Defense of Saudi Arabia, Liberation and Defense of Kuwait, Ceasefire
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Eldredge, Walter J. Unpublished Manuscript, “History of the 2nd Chemical Battalion”
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Breaks, Robert W. My Men Had Guts, Chemical Warfare Service Quarterly, Feb-Mar 1944
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Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation, Streamer embroidered DEFENSE OF KOREA
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US Army Command Reports, Sep 1950 through Aug 1951 (declassified official reports)
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Fifth Army ordered that no infantry division would ever go into combat without a
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Eldredge, Walter J. “First Shot in Anger,” World War II Magazine, September 1999
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Breaks, Robert W, My Men Had Guts, Chemical Warfare Bulletin Feb-March 1944 p 4.
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figures served in the 1st Gas Regiment (as it was then called). These included:
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Sometimes it was rather cool, by Carl H. Hulsman, 2nd Cml Mortar Bn, Korean War
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Gunners help turn the tide at Kap'yong, by New Zealand historian Ian McGibbon
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The U.S. Army Chemical Mortar Battalions, www.4point2.org accessed June 2019
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World War I: Flanders, Lys, Lorraine, Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne
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https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/chem/002cmbn.htm
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https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/chem/002cmbn.htm
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Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army), Streamer embroidered Southwest Asia
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Smart, Jeffery, unpublished manuscript A Century of Innovation 1917-2017
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Eldredge, unpublished manuscript, 2d Chemical Battalion History p. 24-25
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Military units and formations of the United States Army in World War II
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First Shot in Anger, 2nd Cml Mortar Bn in Sicily, by Walter J. Eldredge
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https://www.okhistory.org/historycenter/militaryhof/inductee.php?id=330
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https://www.okhistory.org/historycenter/militaryhof/inductee.php?id=330
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There is no known written history of the Red Dragons’ participation in
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As the entire Eighth Army retreated, 2nd Chemical was attached to the
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Eldredge, unpublished manuscript, 2d Chemical Battalion History p. 23
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Presidential Unit Citation (Navy), Streamer embroidered WONJU-HWACHON
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Presidential Unit Citation (Army), Streamer embroidered KUMHWA, KOREA
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Shortly after the U.S. entered World War I, the general staff of the
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A Soldier's Diary, by Carl H. Hulsman, 2nd Cml Mortar Bn, Korean War
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Mauroni, Al, Where are the WMDs, Naval Institute Press, 2006, p. 176
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Army Technical Manual "TM 3-320 4.2-inch Chemical Mortar M1A1," p.3
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The motto of the 2D Chemical Battalion (CBRN) is “Second to None.”
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and one of the first five inductees into the Hall of Fame in 1936.
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and one of the first five inductees into the Hall of Fame in 1936.
235:
126:
1604:
Program Executive Office, Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives
421:
performance in the hands of the 2nd Separate Chemical Battalion.
1369:
Explanatory sign outside 2d Chemical Battalion HQ, Fort Hood, TX
1318:
1316:
1314:
908:
Addison, James Thayer The Story of the 1st Gas Regiment, p.58-59
2045:
1534:
926:
Addison, James Thayer The Story of the 1st Gas Regiment, p.139
376:
On 24 February 1920 the 1st Gas Regiment was reconstituted at
917:
Addison, James Thayer The Story of the 1st Gas Regiment, p.60
878:
Addison, James Thayer The Story of the 1st Gas Regiment, p.37
860:
Addison, James Thayer The Story of the 1st Gas Regiment, p.22
412:, and which they supported on many occasions during the war.
1035:
Eldredge, Walter, First Shot in Anger, World War II Magazine
851:
Addison, James Thayer, Story of the First Gas Regiment, p 13
842:
Addison, James Thayer, Story of the First Gas Regiment, p 11
833:
Addison, James Thayer, Story of the First Gas Regiment, p 10
965:
Eldredge, Walter J., Finding My Father’s War, 2004, p 18-19
335:
Throughout the Army they are known as the "Hell Fire Boys."
1471:
Oklahoma History Center, Oklahoma National Guard History,
1178:
Oklahoma History Center, Oklahoma National Guard History,
2297:
United States Army units and formations in the Korean War
1396:
Explanatory sign outside 2d Chemical Bn HQ, Fort Hood, TX
1593:
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense
1427:
Army Regulation AR 220-5 paragraph 2-3 (d) 15 April 2003
953:
Eldredge, Walter J., Finding My Father’s War, 2004, p 18
776:
Army Regulation AR 220-5 paragraph 2-3 (d) 15 April 2003
579:
M1135 Nuclear Biological Chemical Reconnaissance Vehicle
1493:
U.S. Center for Military History, www.army.history.mil
1080:
Eldredge, Finding My Father’s War, p. 170, 181-2, 186
634:
Navy Unit Commendation, Streamer embroidered PANMUNJOM
1121:
Eldredge, Finding My Father’s War p. 191-192, 208-212
577:
deployment. During this period beginning in 1990 the
2026:
Unethical human experimentation in the United States
549:
Chemical Reconnaissance System) based on the German
2108:
2057:
2008:
1972:
1846:
1789:
1749:
1733:
1697:
1688:
1617:
1568:
1503:
History of 2nd Cml Mortar Bn in WWII, by Bob Ladson
935:
Langer, William, Gas and Flame in World War I, p.64
205:
200:
190:
177:
172:
164:
154:
144:
132:
118:
110:
100:
82:
66:
48:
31:
1509:My Army Service in World War II, by Craft Harrison
759:
757:
278:and the 63rd Chemical Company (Dragon Masters) at
2307:Military units and formations established in 1917
896:Lineage and Honors, Center for Military History,
168:Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne Offensive
1359:Variants of the M113 armored personnel carrier
565:. Some facts are known by direct observation.
2287:Chemical battalions of the United States Army
1655:Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System
1588:U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center
1546:
1099:
1097:
1095:
986:
984:
982:
980:
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
807:), PageFree Publishing, Inc., 2004, p. 246, (
8:
767:Updated June 19, 2008 Accessed June 15, 2019
2302:United States Army regiments of World War I
1330:
1328:
528:and seized the oil fields and the capital,
2042:
1694:
1553:
1539:
1531:
1439:Eighth Army General Orders 4 February 1953
1290:Eighth Army General Orders 4 February 1953
37:
2052:American Chemical Brigades and Battalions
1160:Eldredge, Finding My Father’s War, p. 219
786:
784:
782:
1089:Eldredge, Finding My Father’s War p. 246
1017:Eldredge, Finding My Father’s War, p. 88
662:181 CBRN Company (HR) (Fort Cavazos, TX)
656:68 CBRNE Company (TE) (Fort Cavazos, TX)
653:63 CBRN Company (HR) (Fort Campbell, KY)
650:HHC, 2 CBRN Battalion (Fort Cavazos, TX)
1675:Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility
753:
538:M-1059 tracked smoke generator vehicles
1562:United States chemical weapons program
1053:Eldredge, Finding My Father’s War, 114
659:172 CBRN Company (HR) (Fort Riley, KS)
28:
1599:U.S. Army Chemical Materials Activity
1415:48th Chemical Brigade (United States)
1103:U.S. Army Center for Military History
763:U.S. Army Center of Military History
368:was demobilized on 28 February 1919.
7:
1200:U,S, Army Center of Military History
990:U.S. Army Center of Military History
765:https://history.army.mil/index.html
1705:Edgewood Arsenal human experiments
1308:Eldredge, Red Dragons, p. 177, 179
557:Operation Iraqi Freedom to Present
25:
482:27th British Commonwealth Brigade
2047:
209:
87:
71:
1450:(Google Books) (online version)
1245:Eldredge, Red Dragons, p. 54-57
1236:Eldredge, Red Dragons, p. 41-43
1218:Eldredge, Red Dragons p. 31-33
709:, then general manager of the
524:In August 1990, Iraq attacked
140:“Hell Fire Boys” (1st Gas Rgt)
1:
1322:Eldredge, Red Dragons, p. 243
305:American Expeditionary Forces
1762:Operation Davy Jones' Locker
1665:Pine Bluff Chemical Activity
1281:Eldredge, Red Dragons, p.178
1272:Eldredge, Red Dragons, p. 97
1148:Center for Military History
1810:Methylphosphonyl difluoride
1254:Eldredge, Red Dragons p. 61
230:chemical unit stationed at
2323:
1645:Edgewood Chemical Activity
1630:Anniston Chemical Activity
315:On 30 August 1917 Captain
1799:3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate
1609:Chemical mortar battalion
1335:"13th CBRN Inactivates".
451:Dachau concentration camp
418:chemical mortar battalion
206:Distinctive unit insignia
36:
1583:U.S. Army Chemical Corps
321:Camp American University
1949:XM736 8-inch projectile
1680:Umatilla Chemical Depot
563:Operation Iraqi Freedom
534:Operation Desert Shield
264:Operation Iraqi Freedom
1944:M687 155 mm projectile
1914:M360 105 mm projectile
1874:M121 155 mm projectile
1869:M110 155 mm projectile
1864:M104 155 mm projectile
1660:Newport Chemical Depot
1640:Deseret Chemical Depot
1578:2nd Chemical Battalion
1571:centers and institutes
604:Campaign participation
520:Operation Desert Storm
337:
260:Operation Desert Storm
224:2nd Chemical Battalion
195:Command Sergeant Major
191:Command Sergeant Major
32:2nd Chemical Battalion
2021:Dugway sheep incident
1939:M60 105 mm projectile
1929:M44 generator cluster
1670:Pueblo Chemical Depot
1635:Blue Grass Army Depot
1618:Industrial facilities
727:, outfielder for the
701:Major League Baseball
645:Current Configuration
332:
244:48th Chemical Brigade
242:, and is part of the
1973:Protective equipment
1854:BLU-80/B Bigeye bomb
1741:Operation Ranch Hand
1650:Hawthorne Army Depot
1475:accessed 8 July 2019
1182:accessed 8 July 2019
799:Eldredge, Walter J.
449:, liberation of the
159:4 inch Stokes Mortar
2109:Chemical Battalions
1924:M43 BZ cluster bomb
1772:Operation Steel Box
1625:Anniston Army Depot
715:St. Louis Cardinals
443:Battle of the Bulge
431:Operation AVALANCHE
2016:CB military symbol
1767:Operation Geranium
1569:Units, formations,
1337:Fort Hood Sentinel
737:, pitcher for the
623:Unit commendations
228:United States Army
184:Lieutenant Colonel
2274:
2273:
2058:Chemical Brigades
2039:
2038:
1919:M426 8-inch shell
1904:M23 chemical mine
1785:
1784:
1777:Operation Red Hat
1710:Operation Top Hat
790:Addison, pp. 1–2.
735:Christy Mathewson
455:Pope Benedict XVI
445:, assault on the
350:Livens projectors
217:
216:
16:(Redirected from
2314:
2051:
2043:
1909:M34 cluster bomb
1859:M1 chemical mine
1695:
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719:Brooklyn Dodgers
711:St. Louis Browns
594:Hurricane Harvey
378:Edgewood Arsenal
372:Between the Wars
325:Washington, D.C.
317:Earl J. Atkisson
213:
186:Zachary Brainard
93:
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1339:. 9 June 2011.
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149:2nd to None!
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62:1981–present
43:Coat of Arms
26:
2000:M1135 NBCRV
1964:Weteye bomb
1832:Mustard gas
1734:Operational
1715:Project 112
1387:Brown, p.10
697:World War I
530:Kuwait City
344:World War I
248:World War I
165:Engagements
137:Red Dragons
133:Nickname(s)
119:Garrison/HQ
2281:Categories
1934:M55 rocket
1689:Operations
1595:(USAMRICD)
748:References
699:, several
676:received.
667:Traditions
468:Korean War
406:Fort Bragg
309:Amos Fries
272:Fort Riley
256:Korean War
173:Commanders
1954:MC-1 bomb
1899:M2 mortar
1847:Munitions
551:TPz Fuchs
544:1992-2002
299:Formation
288:Tennessee
180:commander
155:Equipment
95:U.S. Army
60:1958–1973
58:1949–1955
56:1942–1946
52:1918–1919
1959:M47 bomb
1816:Phosgene
1805:Chlorine
1750:Disposal
1698:Research
598:phosgene
514:M58 Wolf
496:Cold War
462:Zyklon B
382:tear gas
284:Kentucky
201:Insignia
145:Motto(s)
105:Chemical
2031:MKULTRA
1985:M93 Fox
1071:Ladson,
725:Ty Cobb
695:During
294:History
262:, and
178:Current
67:Country
1791:Agents
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400:After
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1826:Sarin
236:Texas
226:is a
127:Texas
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2075:48th
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1990:MOPP
1980:CAIS
1834:(HD)
1828:(GB)
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1801:(BZ)
1444:ISBN
809:ISBN
717:and
352:and
222:The
111:Role
101:Type
54:1929
2116:2nd
2065:3rd
803:, (
2283::
1838:VX
1821:QL
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