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companies, nearly surrounded by the enemy held its entire force at bay for a considerable time & till it retired on the approach of the reserve the charge successfully accomplished its object. It saved this position & probably the battlefield. The loss of the eight companies in the charge was 215 killed & wounded. More than 82% percent. 47 men were still in line & no man missing. In self sacrificing desperate valor this charge has no parallel in any war. Among the severely wounded were Col. Wm
Colvill, Lt Col. Chas P Adams & Maj. Mark W. Downie. Among the killed Capt. Joseph Periam, Capt. Louis Muller & Lt Waldo Farrar. The next day the regiment participated in repelling Pickett's charge losing 17 more men killed & wounded.
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789:'s Division. Although the regiment was outnumbered by a ratio of at least 5 to 1, charging was Hancock's only opportunity to buy time for Union reinforcements to arrive. One survivor stated afterward that he expected the advance to result in "death or wounds to us all". The regiment immediately obeyed the order and Hancock was amazed at the unit discipline, valor, and the tremendous casualties taken in carrying out his order. This action blunted the Confederate attack and helped preserve the Union's precarious position on
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81:"FIRST MINNESOTA VOLUNTEERS." Two gold shields list the battles fought by the 1st Minnesota before April of 1863. The Regimental Banner should not be confused with the Regiment’s Battle Flag, which was the U.S. flag with the letters "M" and "N" sewn in gold fabric across the stripes. It should also not be confused with the Flag of Minnesota which did not have its first version adopted until 1883 and was later revised on three other occasions.
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and asserted that " 215 lay upon the field." Conducting an enumeration by individual names in 1982, Robert W. Meinhard of Winona State
University accounted for only 179 (68.3%) casualties for the single day of July 2, 1863. Whether Meinhard's and Lochren's conclusions are based upon the exact same records is unknown; accounting for the disputed 36 (=215-179) men remains unresolved.
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nearly encircled by enemy troops, Union reinforcements arrived in time to allow some of the men to make a fighting withdrawal. Their selfless charge bought the Union the time it needed for reinforcements to be brought up. During the charge, 215 of the 262 who made the charge became casualties within five minutes. That included the unit commander, Col.
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gallantry to the famed assault stating: "There is no more gallant deed recorded in history." Emphasizing the critical nature of the circumstances on July 2 at
Gettysburg, President Coolidge considered: "Colonel Colvill and those eight companies of the First Minnesota are entitled to rank as the saviors of their country."
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retired from the field in good order. The other two regiments of the brigade retired in confusion, and no efforts of myself or staff were successful in rallying them. I respectfully refer you to
Colonel Gorman's report for the account of his regiment's behavior and of the good conduct of his officers and men.
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Every man realized in an instant what that order meant. Death or wounds to us all—the sacrifice of the regiment to gain a few minutes time and save the position and probably the battlefield, and every man saw and accepted the necessity for that sacrifice, and responding to
Colvill's rapid orders the
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The 215 casualty figure is disputed. Morning muster on July 2 for companies A, B, D, E, G, H, I & K, involved in the assault, was 262 with the evening muster 47. To arrive at the casualty figure of 215, the
Regimental Historian (Lt. Wm. Lochren) subtracted the muster figures (262-47=215)(82.1%)
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The order was instantly repeated by Col. Wm
Colvill. And the charge was instantly made down the slope at full speed through the concentrated fire of the two brigades breaking with the bayonet the enemy's front line as it was crossing the small brook in the low ground there the remnant of the eight
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The
Regimental Banner of the 1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment consists of one layer of blue silk with a gold fringe border and the unofficial Minnesota state seal painted in the center with the Minnesota State Motto over it in gold pigment. Beneath the seal is a painted red ribbon reading
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ill-fated assault on the West Woods, the regiment suffered significant casualties (1 officer killed, 3 officers wounded, 15 enlisted killed, 79 enlisted wounded, 24 enlisted missing, for a total of 122 of 435 engaged) as Union forces were routed on that part of the field. The brigade commander
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what unit the troops belonged to. Colvill responded "the 1st
Minnesota", to which Hancock responded "Attack that line!" With their bayonets leveled, the Minnesotans broke the first lines. The intensity of their charge disrupted the Southern forces' advances. Just before the 1st Minnesota became
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The First
Minnesota Regiment moved from its position on the left of the field to the support of Ricketts' battery, and gallantly engaged the enemy at that point. It was so near the enemy's lines that friends and foes were for a time confounded. The regiment behaved exceedingly well, and finally
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were unrestrained in their praise for the actions of the 1st Minnesota. Gen. Hancock, who witnessed the action firsthand, placed its heroism highest in the annals of war: "No soldiers on any field, in this or any other country ever displayed grander heroism." Gen. Hancock ascribed unsurpassed
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This struggle at the foot of the hill on which were the enemy's batteries, though so unequal, was continued for some thirty minutes. With a second supporting line, the heights could have been carried. Without support on either my right or left, my men were withdrawn, to prevent their entire
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Carrying on from the heavy losses of the previous day, the remaining men of the 1st Minn. were reinforced by detached Companies F and L. The reunited regiment was moved a bit north of the previous day's fight to one of the few places where Union lines were breached during
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As his men were passing here in confused retreat, two Confederate brigades in pursuit were crossing the swale. To gain time to bring up the reserves & save this position, Gen Hancock in person ordered the eight companies to charge the rapidly advancing enemy.
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The 1st Minnesota's flag lost five flag bearers, each man dropping his weapon to carry it on. The 47 survivors rallied back to General Hancock under the command of their senior surviving officer, Captain Nathan S. Messick. The 82% casualty rate stands as the
456:. Two days later, the Adjutant General of Minnesota, William H. Acker, issued an order for Minnesota's Commissary General, H. Z. Mitchell, to enlist men for Minnesota's 1st Regiment. Word spread and communities in Minnesota quickly raised companies of
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The 1st Minnesota Infantry suffered the loss of 10 officers and 177 enlisted men killed in action or who later died of their wounds, plus another 2 officers and 97 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 286 fatalities and 609 wounded.
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On the afternoon of July 2, 1863 Sickles' Third Corps, having advanced from this line to the Emmitsburg Road, eight companies of the First Minnesota Regiment, numbering 262 men were sent to this place to support a battery upon Sickles repulse.
859:, to the support of their fleeing comrades and for the defense of the batteries. Seeing this contest so unequal, I dispatched my adjutant-general to the division commander, to ask that support be sent to my men, but no support came.
902:. They again had to charge into advancing Confederate troops with more losses. Capt. Messick was killed and Capt. W. B. Farrell mortally wounded, and Capt. Henry C. Coates had to take command. During this charge, Private
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in close proximity to the enemy. The 1st Minnesota was one of the last regiments to leave the battlefield and suffered among the highest casualties of any northern regiment: 49 killed, 107 wounded and 34 missing.
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destruction or capture. The enemy did not pursue, but my men retired under a heavy artillery fire, and returned to their original position in line, and bivouacked for the night, pickets being left on the pike.
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1267:"Report of Brig. Gen. Willis A. Gorman, U.S. Army, Commanding First Brigade, of the Battle of Antietam SEPTEMBER 3-20, 1862.-The Maryland Campaign. O.R.-- SERIES I--VOLUME XIX/1 [S# 27]"
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ordered the 1st Minnesota to charge into a brigade of 1200 Confederate soldiers. This action blunted the Confederate attack and helped preserve the Union's precarious position on
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1st Minnesota Casualties, The Goodhue Volunteer, July 22, 1863, p.3, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub, 2023, Minnesota historical Socieety, 345 Kellogg Blvd, St. Paul, Mn
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repeatedly picked up the fallen colors of the 1st Minnesota and carried a wounded comrade back to the Union lines. He was also awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroism.
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Jorgenson, Wayne D., "Every Man Did His Duty, Pictures and Stories of the Men of the First Minnesota". Minneapolis, MN., Tesora Books, 2012, {ISBN 978-1-934690-56-7}
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Josias Redgate King of the St. Paul Pioneer Guard is credited as being the first northern volunteer to stand to for Lincoln's call for men to fight the Confederacy.
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noted, "The First Minnesota Regiment fired with so much coolness and accuracy that they brought down of the enemy's flags, and finally cut the flag-staff in two."
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Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance.
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During the 1st Minnesota Infantry's initiation to combat, its honorable conduct was readily distinguishable from that of the other regiments in its brigade:
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breaching the line in front of one of his batteries. Hancock quickly rode up to the troops guarding the battery and asked Colonel
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regiment in perfect line, with arms at right shoulder shift was in a moment down that slope directly upon the enemy's center.
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Hush - What Was the Civil War Really About - A documentary about the 1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry and the Civil War
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ordered the 1st Minnesota, composed of roughly 250 men, to charge into a brigade of roughly 1,200 men belonging to
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to be mustered into the regiment on April 29. These companies were the first troops offered by any state to meet
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Campaigns. The 1st Minnesota mustered at Fort Snelling on April 29, 1864. Many soldiers continued service as the
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Three several times did this last of the enemy's lines attempt to drive my men back, and were as often repulsed.
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417:. It was worn by Sergeant Chesley Billings Tirrell of Company C. The officers version was nickel plated. The
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From the Journal of Sgt. Sam Bloomer, 1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Company B, Dec. 24, 1861-Jan. 9, 1862
1177:"Report of Col. Willis A. Gorman, First Minnesota Infantry; O.R.–SERIES I–VOLUME 51 Part 1 [S# 107]"
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latest, St. Cloud Democrat, April 18, 1861, p.3 Image 3, Chronciling American, Library of Congress, 2023,
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History of the First Regiment Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1864: with maps and illustrations (1916)
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King, Josias R. (1832–1916), MNopedia, Brian Leehan, Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul, Minnesota
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perceived the inequality of the fight differently (bold emphasis likely refers to the First Minnesota):
1199:"Report of Col. William B. Franklin, Twelfth U. S. Infantry, Commanding First Brigade, Third Division"
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Lieutenant William Lochren's account of the First Minnesota at Gettysburg, read January 14, 1890.
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for duty. It was mustered out of service upon completion of its enlistment on July 15, 1865 .
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The bayonet charge by the 1st Minnesota regiment against a Confederate brigade on July 2, 1863
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From the Journal of Sgt. Sam Bloomer, 1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry April 29 - May 3, 1861
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1519:"Address Dedicating a Memorial to Col. William Colvill, Cannon Falls, Minn. July 4, 1928"
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No soldiers on any field, in this or any other country, ever displayed grander heroism.
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when still another line of infantry descended the slope in our front at a double-quick
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After being knocked out by a bullet to the head and later shot in the hand, Corporal
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The First Volunteers: History of the first Minnesota Volunteer Regiment, 1861-1865
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1441:"150 Years After Gettysburg, Virginia and Minnesota Fight Over Confederate Flag"
762:, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, located on Cemetery Ridge, off South Hancock Avenue.
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http://sbv.hatinh.gov.vn/upload/tailieu/thuoc-chong-tram-cam-52-16280737159.htm
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National Guard Heritage Series Painting of the First Minnesota at Gettysburg.
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This stronghold of the enemy , together with his batteries, were almost won,
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The bridge that saved an Army: Grapevine Bridge and the Battle of Fair Oaks
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The Last Full Measure: The Life and Death of the First Minnesota Volunteers
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The Last Full Measure: The Life and Death of the First Minnesota Volunteers
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The Last Full Measure: The Life and Death of the First Minnesota Volunteers
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http://pyttkvtphcm.gov.vn/question/thuoc-chong-tram-cam-va-luu-y-khi-dung/
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Letter to Tom Harrison, Chief Historian, Gettysburg National Military Park
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for this exploit. The Confederate flag was taken back to Minnesota as a
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identified by locality. The companies trekked to the newly reactivated
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was the Corps emblem of the II Corps that the 1st Minn. was attached to.
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Minnesota Historical Society resources on Minnesota and the Civil War
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History of the First Regiment Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1864
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History of the First Regiment Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1864
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in a single day's engagement. The unit's colors are displayed in the
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First Minnesota, Co D ~ Lincoln Guards living history organization
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July 3 Monument to the 1st Minn. Reg., the Codori farmstead behind
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1368:. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Historical Society Press. p. 275.
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Plain brass First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry badge worn on the
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about the First Minnesota are available for research use at the
1133:. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Historical Society Press. p. 63.
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1503:. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Historical Society. p. 311.
957:. On May 23-24, the 1st Minnesota Battalion marched in the
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heading south to a rail line, whereafter they headed east.
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1580:. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1993,
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Pale Horse at Plum Run: The First Minnesota at Gettysburg
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second largest loss by any surviving U.S military unit
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Photo of the Day: 1st Minnesota Monument at Gettysburg
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In his official report, Confederate Brigadier General
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The regiment's most famous action occurred during the
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Image of Colonel Colvill when he was still a Captain.
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Units and formations of the Union Army from Minnesota
1570:. Minneapolis: Ross & Haines, 1963. Out of print.
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Military units and formations disestablished in 1864
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There is no more gallant a deed recorded in history.
381:. The regiment's most famous action occurred on the
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1327:. Stillwater, MN: Easton & Masterman. pp.
1302:. Stillwater, MN: Easton & Masterman. pp.
992:. The more grand of the two bears the inscription:
758:Monument to the 1st Minnesota Infantry Regiment at
369:. The 1st Minnesota participated in the battles of
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90:April 29, 1861, to April 2, 1864 (July 15, 1865 as
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843:of the Minnesota Capitol for public appreciation.
2363:Military units and formations established in 1861
1481:. New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Co., Inc. pp.
1342:Maciejewski, Jeffrey (July 2011). "Buying Time".
1096:Minnesota in the Civil and Indian Wars 1861-1865
365:was a Union infantry regiment active during the
1098:. St. Paul, Minn: Printed for the state by the
994:
965:In July, the 1st Minnesota Battalion moved to
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1626:1st Minnesota Regiment Monument at Gettysburg
8:
1292:(Speech). Gettysburg National Military Park.
1290:Dedicatory Address, First Minnesota Monument
1288:Lochren, Lieutenant William (July 2, 1897).
937:The 1st Minnesota continued to serve in the
184:McClellan's Operations in Northern Virginia
1179:. Bull Runnings. 2008-09-25. pp. 20–23
32:promotes the subject in a subjective manner
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1402:"Official Report, The Gettysburg Campaign"
436:when he first heard news of the attack on
74:
2250:Eastern Theater of the American Civil War
69:1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment
54:Learn how and when to remove this message
485:
1608:Poem: The Charge of the First Minnesota
1429:at Gettysburg Discussion Group website)
1225:"Gorman's Brigade, Sedgwick's Division"
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1069:
452:, to offer 1,000 Minnesotan men to the
428:On April 14, 1861, Minnesota Governor
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1201:. Civil War Reference. Archived from
823:, and all but three of his captains.
468:'s call for 75,000 men to assist the
7:
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1265:Gorman, Brigadier General Willis A.
1246:"Col Alfred Sully's Official Report"
1018:First Minnesota Civil War drum, 1861
1357:Meinhard, Robert W. (20 May 1982),
988:Minnesota has two monuments at the
977:Post war, both General Hancock and
768:second day's fighting at Gettysburg
29:This article contains wording that
153:M1855 Springfield .58 Rifle-musket
149:M1842 Springfield .69 Rifle-musket
141:M1861 Springfield .58 Rifle-musket
34:without imparting real information
14:
1517:The American Presidency Project.
1464:First Minnesota Infantry Regiment
1053:List of Minnesota Civil War Units
990:Gettysburg National Military Park
941:. In 1863 it participated in the
385:of the Battle of Gettysburg when
2358:1861 establishments in Minnesota
2324:
2315:
2314:
1404:. Home of the American Civil War
951:1st Minnesota Infantry Battalion
145:M1842 Springfield .69 Smoothbore
103:
92:1st Minnesota Infantry Battalion
20:
1675:The First Minnesota in MNopedia
1499:Folwell, William Watts (1961).
680:2nd United States Sharpshooters
495:Primary Location of Recruitment
444:, to rush to the office of the
363:1st Minnesota Infantry Regiment
269:Second Battle of Fredericksburg
1501:A History of Minnesota, Vol II
881:taken by St. Paulite. Private
405:Organization and early service
1:
1599:Roster of the First Minnesota
1439:Resnick, Brian (2013-06-28).
1041:Minnesota Army National Guard
423:Minnesota Historical Society.
1645:Minnesota Historical Society
1400:Wilcox, Brig. Gen Cadmus M.
1321:Colville Commission (1916).
953:and went on to fight in the
590:or Goodhue County Volunteers
1296:Colvill Commission (1916).
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1197:Franklin, Col. William B.
959:Grand Review of the Armies
343:Colonel William J. Colvill
331:Colonel Napoleon J.T. Dana
265:Chancellorsville Campaign
230:Northern Virginia Campaign
211:Battle of Savage's Station
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2205:Army of Northern Virginia
2195:Medal of Honor recipients
1818:
1760:
293:Battle of Bristoe Station
235:Second Battle of Bull Run
73:
795:second day of the battle
712:First Battle of Bull Run
622:Dakota County Volunteers
598:William J. Colvill, Jr.
440:causing him, along with
339:Colonel George N. Morgan
327:Colonel Willis A. Gorman
258:Battle of Fredericksburg
254:Fredericksburg Campaign
178:First Battle of Bull Run
1033:135th Infantry Regiment
738:General John Sedgwick's
706:On July 21, 1861, near
2290:Gettysburg Battlefield
1641:Manuscript collections
1475:Tucker, Glenn (1960).
1037:34th Infantry Division
1019:
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912:28th Virginia Infantry
906:of Company C captured
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886:
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775:Winfield Scott Hancock
763:
760:Gettysburg Battlefield
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425:
390:Winfield Scott Hancock
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222:Battle of Malvern Hill
188:Battle of Ball's Bluff
2051:Joshua L. Chamberlain
1991:J. Johnston Pettigrew
1364:Moe, Richard (1993).
1244:Antietam on the Web.
1223:Antietam on the Web.
1129:Moe, Richard (1993).
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892:
877:
852:
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757:
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206:Battle of Seven Pines
2121:Gouverneur K. Warren
1058:28th Virginia Colors
967:Louisville, Kentucky
922:, where it remains.
879:28th Virginia Colors
631:Charles Powell Adams
379:Battle of Gettysburg
335:Colonel Alfred Sully
281:Battle of Gettysburg
2131:Army of the Potomac
2076:Winfield S. Hancock
1941:Richard H. Anderson
1936:E. Porter Alexander
1745:Gettysburg Campaign
1344:America's Civil War
1031:The 2nd Battalion,
955:Appomattox Campaign
939:Army of the Potomac
804:Winfield S. Hancock
787:Richard H. Anderson
588:Red Wing Volunteers
570:St. Anthony Zouaves
540:St. Paul Volunteers
532:Carlyle A. Bromley
276:Gettysburg Campaign
2243:Campaign geography
2081:Oliver Otis Howard
1708:2021-08-12 at the
1631:2016-09-27 at the
1566:Imholte, John Q.,
1478:Hancock the Superb
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895:
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793:at the end of the
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708:Manassas, Virginia
640:Wabasha Volunteers
470:Federal Government
426:
367:American Civil War
359:
305:Battle of Mine Run
248:Battle of Antietam
216:Battle of Glendale
195:Peninsula Campaign
168:American Civil War
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2106:Daniel E. Sickles
2091:Alfred Pleasonton
1996:George E. Pickett
1971:Allegheny Johnson
1914:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1857:Artillery barrage
1770:Second Winchester
1539:"DCMemorials.com"
1027:Continued lineage
914:and received the
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698:
658:Winona Volunteers
546:William H. Acker
498:Earliest Captain
472:to deal with the
442:Senator Wilkinson
348:
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300:Mine Run Campaign
243:Maryland Campaign
200:Siege of Yorktown
173:Manassas Campaign
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2096:John F. Reynolds
2071:George S. Greene
2056:George A. Custer
2011:Isaac R. Trimble
1986:W. Dorsey Pender
1981:Lafayette McLaws
1976:James Longstreet
1951:Richard S. Ewell
1852:Pickett's Charge
1842:Little Round Top
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1689:Internet Archive
1618:Leehan, Brian.
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812:Cadmus M. Wilcox
779:James Longstreet
716:Henry House Hill
695:William Russell
666:Henry C. Lester
614:William H. Dike
606:Faribault Guards
579:George N. Morgan
562:Henry R. Putnam
524:Stillwater Guard
515:Alexander Wilkin
492:Earliest Moniker
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288:Bristoe Campaign
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2001:Robert E. Rodes
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432:was visiting
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35:
33:
27:
18:
17:
2330:
2285:Pennsylvania
2224:Second Corps
2180:Iron Brigade
2116:George Sykes
2034:
1966:John B. Hood
1928:
1902:Manassas Gap
1887:Williamsport
1698:
1619:
1577:
1567:
1547:. Retrieved
1543:the original
1533:
1522:. Retrieved
1512:
1504:
1500:
1494:
1486:
1477:
1470:
1459:
1448:. Retrieved
1445:The Atlantic
1444:
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1418:
1406:. Retrieved
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1298:
1289:
1283:
1273:27 September
1271:. Retrieved
1260:
1249:. Retrieved
1239:
1228:. Retrieved
1218:
1207:. Retrieved
1203:the original
1192:
1181:. Retrieved
1171:
1160:
1149:
1130:
1124:
1095:
1085:Bibliography
1072:
1030:
1021:
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735:
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721:
705:
678:(Company A,
649:John H. Pell
482:
427:
362:
360:
260:(In Reserve)
224:(In Reserve)
157:Sharps Rifle
50:
41:
30:
2263:Susquehanna
2258:Monongahela
2229:Third Corps
2219:First Corps
2066:John Gibbon
2046:John Buford
1920:Confederate
1805:Hunterstown
1753:Engagements
574:St. Anthony
558:Minneapolis
478:river boats
438:Fort Sumter
237:(Rearguard)
164:Engagements
2347:Categories
2190:20th Maine
2028:commanders
1956:Henry Heth
1922:commanders
1824:Gettysburg
1785:Upperville
1780:Middleburg
1549:2007-07-07
1524:2012-09-10
1450:2024-07-03
1251:2012-08-04
1230:2012-08-04
1209:2012-09-27
1183:2011-09-26
1116:References
1010:Casualties
920:war trophy
908:the colors
745:Gettysburg
528:Stillwater
458:volunteers
454:Union Army
383:second day
323:commanders
316:Commanders
117:Allegiance
2175:XII Corps
2155:III Corps
1961:A.P. Hill
1897:Funkstown
1892:Boonsboro
1810:Fairfield
1408:25 August
1362:cited in
1294:Cited in
801:Maj. Gen.
610:Faribault
474:secession
137:Equipment
44:July 2023
2320:Category
2300:timeline
2295:template
2280:Maryland
2270:Virginia
2170:XI Corps
2165:VI Corps
2150:II Corps
1848:3rd day
1800:Carlisle
1706:Archived
1629:Archived
1108:7088819M
1047:See also
973:Post war
947:Mine Run
808:II Corps
732:Antietam
692:Counties
626:Hastings
594:Red Wing
543:St. Paul
510:St. Paul
377:and the
375:Antietam
131:Infantry
2331:Commons
2160:V Corps
2145:I Corps
1874:Retreat
1837:2nd day
1832:1st day
1795:Hanover
943:Bristoe
910:of the
841:rotunda
770:, when
736:During
644:Wabasha
489:Company
419:trefoil
400:History
321:Notable
99:Country
1584:
1427:MOLLUS
1372:
1137:
1106:
870:July 3
750:July 2
690:Steele
688:&
662:Winona
127:Branch
108:
87:Active
2026:Union
1775:Aldie
1346:: 50.
1064:Notes
783:corps
121:Union
1582:ISBN
1410:2012
1370:ISBN
1275:2012
1135:ISBN
945:and
785:and
686:Rice
415:kepi
361:The
1483:145
1329:345
1304:344
961:in
781:'s
2349::
1485:.
1443:.
1306:.
1104:OL
1102:.
1035:,
797:.
448:,
396:.
373:,
2212:)
2208:(
2138:)
2134:(
2038:/
1737:e
1730:t
1723:v
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1425:(
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1186:.
1143:.
1110:.
1039:(
682:)
671:L
655:K
637:I
619:H
603:G
585:F
567:E
551:D
537:C
521:B
503:A
94:)
57:)
51:(
46:)
42:(
36:.
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