376:
his deputy, Lord Howard de Walden. Their regiment became a 'feeder' to 1st and 2nd Life Guards. Traditionally chosen for their size and strength, the Horse
Grenadiers' more professional complexion changed the character of the 'gentlemanly' Life Guards. In 1806 Northumberland took over as Colonel of The Blues. The duke was a popular figure who reduced rents through a period of failed harvests, and an effective colonel. He had served with the Horse Grenadiers in the Seven Years' War. The Horse Grenadiers disappeared after 1788 as the amalgamated part of the Life Guards two regiments. Devonshire's long black jackboots, and the flash cord of the grenades from the Horse Grenadiers were used in the design of the modern ceremonial cartouche of the 1850s.
470:
367:
off. The Horse
Grenadier Guards were disbanded at the same time, and many of the men transferred to the Life Guards, making up the bulk of the new regiment. The wholesale replacement of aristocrats by common troopers gave the Life Guards the derisory nickname of "Cheeses" or "Cheesemongers". The royal Duke of York, Commander-in-Chief wrote to the former Lord Broome, Earl Cornwallis, who had so spectacularly lost the colonies:
143:
standing army and separate the militia from the king's command. In May 1679 they passed another
Disbanding Act, calling for disbanding of all troops and the prohibition of domestic quarter billeting without householder consent. The controversy caused the downfall of Tory minister Earl of Danby. From August the Horse Grenadiers were all quartered at the Royal Mews, Charing Cross, stabling for 222 horses.
265:, the Horse Guards and Horse Grenadiers had been exclusively in Britain and saw little action. Most of the Life Guards were deployed as King William III's bodyguard, but others were as troops of Horse Grenadiers as a regiment of horse. During the reigns of Queen Anne and George I they were deployed to keep the peace. The rivalry between the two regiments was intense. While Life Guards escorted
371:"I have no doubt that Your Lordship will not regret the reduction of the Troops of Horse Guards and Horse Grenadiers as they were the most useless & the most unmilitary Troopes that ever were seen. I confess that I was a little sorry for the Horse Grenadiers because they were to a degree Soldiers, but the Horse Guards were nothing but a collection of London Tradespeople."
33:
362:"All Horse Guards, Grenadier Guards, Foot Guards and Blackguards, that have not polled for the destruction of Chelsea Hospital... are desired to meet at the Gutter Hole opposite the Horse Guards, where they will have a full bumper of knock-me down and plenty of soapsuds before they go in to poll for Sir C Wray." read a Fox party poster.
366:
In 1788, army reforms broke up the "gentlemen's club" of the Horse Guards, and a decisive mood prevailed in parliament for Pitt to act. The two extant troops of Horse Guards became the Life Guards, and the private gentlemen who had heretofore made up the ranks of the regiment were largely pensioned
278:
In the person of Earl of
Cholmondeley the Horse Grenadiers had a successful commander of 1st Troop until 1733. Less competent were the Earl of Dundonald and Lord Forester both of 4th Troop. One of the problems was the standardization of pay; a technique known as "Off-reckonings" varied enormously
375:
One reason for the symptom of declining reputation was poor pay. But after the reforms regimental prestige rose as officers wanted to purchase a commission just for the honour of serving. Generous retirement annuities were negotiated by
Colonel of Horse Grenadiers, the Duke of Northumberland and
318:
to re-evaluate the reasons for their defeat. He tackled questions such as the purchasing of commissions, dragoon tactics, care and size of horses, and the quality of leadership and discipline. On 20 October 1760, at his last public engagement, George II reviewed the Horse
Grenadiers with Life
291:
on the field. It sustained less than twenty casualties, out of an allied total of 2,000 due to improved breastplate armour. When on 25 March 1745, the Duke of
Cumberland was appointed Commander-in-chief and arrived in Flanders, the Horse Grenadiers were put into a brigade with Life Guards, and
270:'Private gentlemen of the right quality' were expected to join a Household regiment as they were expected to carry out public duties. By contrast Walpole's policy of isolationism from continental wars frustrated the Blues and Royals, who were used to police riots and on anti-smuggling patrols.
142:
In 1680 the Horse
Grenadiers had been briefly disbanded due to protest from anti-militarists in the backlash to the Popish Plots. But the King was insistent that they provided much needed protection, and they were promptly reinstated in 1683. The Exclusion Parliaments attempted to dismiss the
269:
to a royal reception, the Horse
Grenadiers were relegated to the baggage train. They considered they were being treated as if second rate. But thanks to the Life Guards class as private gentlemen, an insult to Lord Albemarle in 1719 only required an apology; the matter never reached court.
319:
Guards in Hyde Park. Two of the regiment would ride escort in the king's funeral cortege on 13 November as it trundled into
Westminster Abbey. The King went out on a high note after the army's notable victories in 1759 and 1760 gave him real hope.
303:, Colonel of 1st Troop, who was a divisional commander in Flanders under Cumberland. The regiment took part in all royal escorts providing the van and rearguards; with Life Guards around the King's body in the centre. The brigade also fought at the
254:, it was associated with the 4th or Scots Troop of Horse Guards. These became part of the British establishment in 1709, and the Scots grenadiers became the 2nd Troop of the Horse Grenadier Guards, while the English troop was 1st Troop.
88:. Louis XIV added a troop of 154 to the Maison Militaire du Roi in December 1676, making it perhaps the most impressive regiment in Europe. Charles II was eager to copy the exciting new innovation of grenade technology.
209:
In November 1687, the horse grenadiers were separated from the Horse Guards as the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Troop of Grenadiers, one for each of the four existing troops of Horse Guards. As with the Horse Guards, the
100:
in 1677. Particularly tall and strong soldiers were usually picked to become grenadiers, because of the weight of extra equipment that they carried. Their use became general in the British Army in 1678, when a
296:. Two troops of Horse Grenadiers and Two from Life Guards constituted the Household Cavalry. This arrangement was abolished by royal decree on 18 June 1788, to be replaced by two regiments of Life Guards.
138:
The King had now augmented his guards with a new sort of dragoons, who carried also granados, and were habited after the Polish manner, with long picked caps, very fierce and fantastical.
1318:
350:
During George III's intensely political reign, the Household cavalry were called upon to intervene in elections in the name of the king. In 1784, they were required to support
214:
commanding the troops were ranked as Captain & Colonel. The 4th Troop was disbanded in 1689, together with the Horse Guards troop it accompanied, after the abdication of
1150:
1313:
1173:
202:
had no drummers, two sergeants and two corporals, and only sixty privates per troop. Apparently no grenadiers were raised for the 4th Troop then extant. However,
386:
231:
279:
between regiments. Lord Shannon did a better job 1735–40. However, in 1742, the 3rd and 4th (Scots) Troops of Horse Guards were sent abroad for service in the
624:
266:
570:
556:
449:
120:
Their intended role was to reinforce the troops of Horse Guards, which were composed of gentlemen volunteers. The horse grenadiers, however, were
238:
in the 1st Horse Guards. One of the Horse Grenadiers was reportedly the first casualty of the battle. They then saw foreign service during the
577:
393:
322:
Thereafter, the military service of the Horse Grenadier Guards was only employed in occasional actions against rioters. They took part in the
788:
667:
528:
521:
428:
300:
435:
542:
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493:
421:
293:
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63:, they became independent for a century before being disbanded. However, the men of the troops formed the basis of the new troops of
1294:
1217:
1050:
994:
822:
500:
323:
250:, and Cholmondeley was made Captain and Colonel. Another troop, the Scots Troop of Grenadiers, was raised in 1702 as part of the
1323:
1275:
549:
414:
121:
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331:
280:
514:
407:
351:
64:
486:
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288:
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203:
199:
195:
163:
477:
315:
308:
102:
211:
171:
130:
60:
243:
112:
was picked and trained as grenadiers. It was at this time that the horse grenadiers were first raised.
59:
between 1687 and 1788, who used grenades and other explosives in battle. Originally attached to the
284:
227:
215:
17:
1074:
1167:
1144:
304:
235:
239:
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990:
984:
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784:
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628:
355:
327:
283:, and the 2nd Troop of Horse Grenadier Guards went with them. The brigade was engaged at the
56:
653:
689:"The Statutes of the Realm", ed.A Luders, T. E. Tomlins, and J. France (12 vols., 1810–1828)
339:
262:
147:
756:
338:, their last significant action. By 1775, the drummers and hautboys were replaced by four
258:
1264:
167:
1307:
251:
335:
97:
93:
32:
358:
at the Westminster hustings. A total of 280 troopers were ordered to vote Tory.
944:
845:
812:
778:
307:
and helped to cover the Allied retreat from the field. With the outbreak of the
125:
1228:
Historical Manuscripts Commission Reports: Northumberland Papers; Verney Papers
473:
175:
134:
entry for 5 December 1683, described the appearance of the horse grenadiers:
89:
330:
in 1769. A party of Horse Grenadier Guards had to be called out to protect
246:. In 1693, the three troops were amalgamated into one troop, known as the
183:
179:
109:
106:
191:
187:
159:
151:
49:
155:
1192:
The Life and Letters of Sir George Savile, First Marquis of Halifax
468:
465:
Captains & Colonels, 2nd Troop (Scots), Horse Grenadier Guards
52:
476:
of the 2nd Horse Grenadier Guard, circa 1750. On display at the
698:
T Harris, "Restoration", (Penguin Allen Lane 2005), pp.174-6
633:. London: Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Co. pp. 337–339
314:
The losses of 1756–7, prompted one Horse Grenadier officer,
1042:
Redcoat: The British Soldier in the Age of Horse and Musket
380:
Captains & Colonels, 1st Troop, Horse Grenadier Guards
206:, raised in May 1686, did receive a grenadier contingent.
918:
916:
162:
fought in a similar manner, but without grenades.) To
630:
The British Army: Its Origin, Progress, and Equipment
724:"Regimental Distinctions, Traditions, and Anecdotes"
36:
Trooper of the 2nd Horse Grenadier Guards, c. 1750.
1263:
1210:Restoration: Charles II and His Kingdoms 1660-1685
311:, the Household Cavalry was recalled from Europe.
1135:Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald, Thomas (1860).
150:, riding with the Horse Guards but fighting with
1255:History of the British Standing Army, 1660-1700
80:The origins of the Horse Grenadiers lie in the
955:. London: Grant & Co.: 345–347 August 1871
939:
937:
717:
715:
713:
92:, soldiers specially trained to carry and use
707:The Quartering Order PRO War Office 5/1, no.1
8:
1319:Positions within the British Royal Household
856:. London: Grant & Co.: 228–229 July 1871
1149:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1045:. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 103.
1246:The British Army of the Eighteenth Century
1172:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
751:
749:
734:. Piccadilly: Chatto & Windus: 225–228
585:On 8 June 1788 2nd Troop were absorbed by
1201:The Decisive Battles of the Western World
457:On 8 June 1788 1st Troop was absorbed by
226:The Horse Grenadier Guards fought at the
204:The Earl of Dover's Troop of Horse Guards
1158:Evelyn, John (1955). E S de Beer (ed.).
438:(30 October 1760 –19 November 1763)
396:(2 February 1715 –11 December 1717)
200:The Duke of York's Troop of Horse Guards
31:
1079:Illustrated Naval and Military Magazine
945:"The Life Guards from 1716 to Waterloo"
619:
617:
598:
1165:
1142:
652:Tincey, John; Embleton, Gerry (1994).
445:(21 November 1763 –21 March 1766)
403:(11 December 1717 –7 August 1733)
389:(4 October 1693 –2 February 1715)
299:One distinguished Horse Grenadier was
1314:Cavalry regiments of the British Army
1235:Robertson, Sir Charles Grant (1930).
1181:Fortescue, The Hon Sir John (1910) .
811:Frederick, John Basset Moore (1969).
573:(23 March 1782 –1 November 1784)
538:(25 December 1740 –1 April 1743)
531:(21 June 1737 –25 December 1740)
7:
1199:Fuller, Major General J F C (1955).
1075:"The Grenadiers of the British Army"
989:. Dodd, Mead & Co. p. 292.
417:(13 May 1735 –10 February 1738)
122:recruited as in the rest of the army
846:"The Life Guards from 1660 to 1714"
580:(1 November 1784 –8 June 1788)
566:(21 April 1779 –23 March 1782)
431:(25 April 1745 –16 March 1760)
18:1st Troop of Horse Grenadier Guards
1026:The Story of the Household Cavalry
1019:England under the House of Hanover
545:(1 April 1743 –25 April 1745)
517:(17 July 1717 –21 April 1719)
503:(5 January 1714 –1 June 1715)
424:(25 December 1742 – 25 April 1745)
25:
1266:The Reign of George III 1760-1815
552:(25 April 1745 –5 June 1745)
452:(21 March 1766 –8 June 1788)
410:(7 August 1733 –13 May 1735)
196:The Queen's Troop of Horse Guards
814:Lineage Book of the British Army
559:(5 June 1745 –1 April 1779)
510:(1 June 1715 –17 July 1717)
496:(4 May 1704 –December 1713)
164:The King's Troop of Horse Guards
817:. Hope Farm Press. p. 22.
783:. Clarendon Press. p. 97.
146:These grenadiers functioned as
1285:White-Spunner, Barney (2006).
606:White-Spunner, Barney (2006).
524:(21 April 1719 –May 1736)
489:(12 May 1702 –4 May 1704)
324:Massacre of St George's Fields
281:War of the Austrian Succession
194:. The grenadiers attached to
1:
1262:Watson, James Steven (1960).
1237:England under the Hanoverians
1137:The Autobiography of a Seaman
1073:Holden, Robert (1 May 1888).
722:Knollys, W.W. (August 1877).
443:John West, Viscount Cantelupe
242:, fighting dismounted at the
578:Hugh, Duke of Northumberland
450:John, Baron Howard de Walden
334:'s house in 1780 during the
1270:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1183:History of the British Army
1162:. Vol. 6 vols. Oxford.
1028:. Vol. 2. p. 475.
1021:. Vol. 2. p. 106.
557:William, Earl of Harrington
1345:
655:The British Army 1660-1704
529:Francis, Earl of Effingham
222:Revolutionary 'common men'
1253:Walton, Clifford (1984).
571:Prince Frederick Augustus
436:Thomas, Earl of Effingham
221:
186:, and accompanied by two
44:, usually referred to as
1160:The Diary of John Evelyn
1039:Holmes, Richard (2002).
949:The Gentleman's Magazine
850:The Gentleman's Magazine
780:The armies of Queen Anne
728:The Gentleman's Magazine
625:Scott, Sir James Sibbald
610:. Macmillan. p. 62.
508:Henry, Earl of Deloraine
422:Richard, Viscount Cobham
387:Hon. George Cholmondeley
346:Royal service and Empire
232:Hon. George Cholmondeley
96:, first appeared in the
1324:Former guards regiments
983:Dobson, Austin (1898).
777:Scouller, R. E (1966).
309:Jacobite rising of 1745
274:Battle Troop Commanders
230:, under the command of
158:on foot. (Contemporary
1244:Rogers, H C B (1977).
1212:. Penguin Allen Lane.
1190:Foxcroft, H C (1898).
931:White-Spunner, p.222-3
874:White-Spunner, p.194-5
587:2nd Troop Horse Guards
564:Jeffery, Baron Amherst
536:John, Earl of Crawford
515:George, Lord Forrester
501:George, Earl Marischal
494:John, Earl of Crawford
481:
459:1st Troop Horse Guards
373:
364:
248:Horse Grenadier Guards
140:
42:Horse Grenadier Guards
37:
27:British cavalry troops
543:James, Baron Tyrawley
472:
369:
360:
244:Battle of Steenkerque
136:
35:
1208:Harris, Tim (2005).
1121:White-Spunner, p.597
1112:White-Spunner, p.301
973:White-Spunner, p.244
922:White-Spunner, p.261
910:White-Spunner, p.211
901:White-Spunner, p.208
892:White-Spunner, p.189
883:White-Spunner, p.192
550:John, Earl of Rothes
487:William, Lord Forbes
394:Richard, Lord Lumley
257:From June 1691, the
1194:. Vol. 2 vols.
1139:. Vol. 2 vols.
757:"Household Cavalry"
522:Hon. Henry Berkeley
287:, where it guarded
285:Battle of Dettingen
228:Battle of the Boyne
170:, officered by one
82:grenadiers a cheval
48:, were a series of
1017:Robertson, Grant.
482:
415:Sir Charles Hotham
236:lieutenant-colonel
38:
1329:Household Cavalry
790:978-0-19-821343-7
669:978-1-85532-381-0
660:Osprey Publishing
658:. Great Britain:
356:Charles James Fox
332:Sir George Savile
328:Spitalfield Riots
267:General Schomberg
166:were attached 80
57:Household Cavalry
16:(Redirected from
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1203:. Vol. 1.
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662:. p. 43.
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