31:
87:
285:
271:
was a persistent threat to attacking infantry. Often barbed wire was used to channel attackers away from vulnerable areas of the defenders' trenches, and funnel attackers into predefined kill zones where overlapping fields of machine-gun fire could be brought to bear. Rows of barbed wire could also
318:
consisted of a rectangular wooden base 1.15 m (3 ft 9 in) long by 59 cm (1 ft 11 in) wide with sheet metal reinforcement along its edges with four handles at the corners for carrying by its crew. There was a cast-iron swivel, attached to the base that was screwed into
372:
the traverse was set, then the elevation was set and both were locked in place by turning the handles of their locking levers. The range could be set by varying the elevation of the barrel, changing the size of the propellant charge, and there was a metal plaque with a range table attached to the
347:
could fire three different sized high-explosive projectiles. A 312 mm (1 ft) long projectile weighing 20 kg (40 lb), a 480 mm (1 ft 7 in) long projectile weighing 30 kg (70 lb), and 665 mm (2 ft 2 in) long projectile weighing 40 kg
319:
the base of the barrel and locked in place with a handle. At the front of the swivel, there was a crescent-shaped geared barrel support that attached to a crank on the side of the barrel to adjust elevation that also had a locking lever. Next to the elevation gear, there was a slot that held an
275:
What was needed to overcome the deadlock and give attackers an advantage was light, portable, simple, and inexpensive heavy firepower. A way to provide this was by designing a series of heavy trench mortars which could be brought to assault trenches to launch heavy, short-ranged preparatory
323:
sight to aim the mortar. There was also a crescent-shaped rail along the front of the base that could be adjusted for the traverse. The large smoothbore barrel was 24.5 cm (9.6 in) in diameter but the German designation rounded down to the nearest centimeter. The advantage of the
377:
propellant charge was then slid down the barrel. A delay fuze was then screwed into the nose of the projectile, the safety ring was removed from the fuze, and the fuze was twisted to set the delay time 4-15 seconds. The projectile was then slid down the barrel. Lastly, a
356:
or tail fins to stabilize the projectiles. At the nose of the projectile, there was a threaded metal plug that was removed before firing that a fuze screwed into. Due to poor velocity and trajectory, the projectiles sometimes fell on their side instead of their nose so a
247:
Although the majority of combatants had heavy field artillery before the outbreak of the First World War, none had adequate numbers in service, nor had they foreseen the growing importance of heavy artillery once the
386:
was attached to the igniter. When a gunner pulled on the lanyard the igniter set off the propellant charge that also ignited a relay charge in the center of the projectile that started the delay fuze.
272:
be used to delay attackers allowing defenders time to man their trenches, and to hold attackers at a safe distance to allow defenders to call in defensive artillery fire.
30:
394:
The
LadungsWerfers entered service during 1916 and were used until the end of the war. The German Army organized LadungsWerfers into specialized detachments known as
624:
699:
653:
304:
who had directed the company since its creation in 1889. Early products of the
Rheinmetall were often referred to as Ehrhardt products. Rheinmetall also produced
408:
to forward area firing posts during the fighting at
Vauquois and caused heavy damage to French defenses. LadungsWerfers were also used during the fighting at
805:
401:
whose job was to clear enemy obstacles and wire entanglements before infantry assaults. LadungsWerfers were brought forward by a system of tunnels under the
1241:
914:
1313:
904:
1318:
1173:
1080:
919:
466:
861:
1188:
1183:
565:
532:
496:
871:
866:
1193:
980:
798:
1178:
851:
737:
616:
645:
876:
1198:
909:
791:
249:
232:
1045:
1005:
929:
856:
329:
1203:
412:
The French gave the projectiles the nickname "casque à pointe" ("pointed helmets") due to their similarity to the
1328:
1125:
1226:
1135:
425:
1168:
1292:
1213:
960:
846:
836:
1060:
1055:
1050:
437:
409:
1145:
181:
1221:
1150:
1100:
823:
431:
40:
1130:
899:
762:
161:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1231:
1030:
975:
894:
841:
693:
571:
561:
538:
528:
502:
492:
301:
1323:
1236:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
379:
1269:
1092:
1040:
1010:
944:
934:
886:
236:
228:
713:
674:Пашолокwrote, Юрий; yuripasholok 2016-10-13 18:54:00, 2016-10-13 18:54:00 Юрий Пашолок.
1246:
358:
253:
1307:
1261:
1251:
352:
cases filled with explosives and sealed with a wooden base plug. There was no copper
92:
61:
675:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1035:
970:
965:
828:
416:
worn by German soldiers. They were also known as "Rumkrug" in German ( rum jugs ).
362:
353:
320:
51:
783:
485:
373:
barrel. A 30 g (1 oz), 60 g (2 oz), or 90 g (3 oz)
1160:
815:
520:
413:
297:
268:
264:
117:
102:
36:
1140:
1025:
1020:
1015:
955:
145:
592:
542:
1274:
1120:
506:
397:
374:
260:
575:
1284:
404:
383:
171:
328:
was that they were cheaper to build and easier to transport than the
191:
300:
based in
Dusseldorf, Germany. The chief engineer of the company was
284:
349:
283:
348:(90 lb). The projectiles consisted of thin-walled cast-iron
787:
738:"VOSGES - Ste. Marie-aux-Mines - Tête du Violu / Bernhardstein"
527:. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press. pp. 108–127.
276:
bombardments to clear obstacles and neutralize enemy defenses.
39:
inspects a 24 cm schwerer
LadungsWerfer captured during the
1283:
1260:
1212:
1159:
1089:
943:
885:
822:
200:
190:
180:
170:
160:
144:
139:
131:
123:
113:
108:
98:
80:
72:
67:
57:
47:
21:
714:"Ehrhardt-Ladungswerfer › Verdun 1914 - 1918"
484:
225:('24 cm heavy charge thrower Ehrhardt' in English)
467:"Le lance-charges lourd type Erhardt - deminest"
420:Weapons of comparable role, era or performance
382:was screwed into the base of the mortar and a
799:
8:
698:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
806:
792:
784:
560:. New York: Exeter Books. pp. 33–34.
298:Rheinische Metallwaren und Maschinenfabrik
18:
1242:7.7 cm Leichte Kraftwagengeschütze M1914
915:24 cm schwere FlügelMinenWerfer Albrecht
905:9.15 cm leichtes Minenwerfer System Lanz
646:"18 cm mittlerer LadungsWerfer Ehrhardt"
450:
691:
617:"9 cm leichter LadungsWerfer Ehrhardt"
491:. New York: Barnes & Noble Books.
166:Separate loading charge and projectile
23:24 cm schwerer LadungsWerfer Ehrhardt
925:24 cm schwerer LadungsWerfer Ehrhardt
732:
730:
217:24 cm schwerer LadungsWerfer Ehrhardt
7:
587:
585:
525:Barbed Wire: An Ecology of Modernity
460:
458:
456:
454:
920:24 cm schwere Flügelminenwerfer IKO
288:A line drawing of a LadungsWerfer.
14:
862:7.62 cm Infanteriegeschütz L/16.5
1314:World War I artillery of Germany
151:75 cm (2 ft 6 in)
85:
29:
656:from the original on 2015-11-19
627:from the original on 2015-11-19
335:but they were shorter ranged.
310:18 cm mittlerer LadungsWerfers.
208:40 kg: 160 m (170 yd)
206:30 kg: 190 m (210 yd)
204:20 kg: 265 m (290 yd)
1319:World War I mortars of Germany
872:7.7 cm Infanteriegeschütz L/27
867:7.7 cm Infanteriegeschütz L/20
852:7.5 cm Gebirgskanone L/13 C/80
201:Maximum firing range
1:
650:www.passioncompassion1418.com
621:www.passioncompassion1418.com
1189:24 cm SK L/40 "Theodor Karl"
1184:24 cm SK L/30 "Theodor Otto"
877:10.5 cm Gebirgshaubitze L/12
680:yuripasholok.livejournal.com
465:Bélot, Henry & Michael.
487:Twentieth-century Artillery
306:9 cm leichter LadungsWerfer
1345:
1046:15 cm L/40 Feldkanone i.R.
857:Ehrhardt 7.5 cm Model 1904
763:"Le Ladungswerfer ERHARDT"
742:www.pierreswesternfront.nl
296:was designed and built by
176:24.5 cm (9.6 in)
1179:21 cm SK "Peter Adalbert"
556:Batchelor, J. H. (1979).
155:
58:Place of origin
28:
1227:3.7 cm SockelFlak L/14.5
1136:28 cm Haubitze L/14 i.R.
426:22.5 cm Minenwerfer M 15
1293:5.7 cm Maxim-Nordenfelt
1214:Anti-aircraft artillery
1194:28 cm K L/40 "Kurfürst"
961:Krupp 7.5 cm Model 1903
847:7.5 cm GebirgsKanone 13
837:5.7 cm Maxim-Nordenfelt
767:lagrandeguerre.1fr1.net
676:"Превед вражьему окопу"
410:Sainte Marie-aux-Mines.
1174:17 cm SK L/40 "Samuel"
1126:21 cm Versuchmörser 06
1061:15 cm Ring Kanone L/30
1056:15 cm Ring Kanone C/92
1051:15 cm Ring Kanone C/72
438:9.45-inch heavy mortar
396:Schwere LadungsWerfer
361:was used instead of a
289:
1222:3.7 cm Maxim Flak M14
1199:28 cm SK L/40 "Bruno"
428:- Austrian equivalent
287:
1151:42 cm Gamma howitzer
1101:21 cm Haubitze M1891
1081:17 cm SK L/40 i.R.L.
814:German artillery of
593:"Vestiges Militaria"
440:- British equivalent
432:240 mm trench mortar
332:schwerer Minenwerfer
233:Imperial German Army
41:Battle of Vimy Ridge
1204:38 cm SK L/45 "Max"
1131:28 cm Haubitze L/12
434:- French equivalent
222:24 cm sLW Ehrhardt,
1161:Railroad artillery
483:Hogg, Ian (2000).
290:
109:Production history
1301:
1300:
1232:7.62 cm FlaK L/30
1169:15 cm SK "Nathan"
1031:12 cm Kanone C/80
976:7.7 cm FK 96 n.A.
956:5.3 cm Fahrpanzer
895:Granatenwerfer 16
842:6 cm S-Bts K L/21
597:humanbonb.free.fr
302:Heinrich Ehrhardt
212:
211:
1336:
1329:240 mm artillery
1237:7.7 cm FlaK L/35
1146:42 cm Big Bertha
1141:38 cm Langer Max
1006:10.5 cm FH 98/09
1001:9 cm Kanone C/79
996:9 cm Kanone C/73
991:8 cm Kanone C/80
986:8 cm Kanone C/73
808:
801:
794:
785:
778:
777:
775:
774:
759:
753:
752:
750:
749:
734:
725:
724:
722:
721:
710:
704:
703:
697:
689:
687:
686:
671:
665:
664:
662:
661:
642:
636:
635:
633:
632:
613:
607:
606:
604:
603:
589:
580:
579:
553:
547:
546:
517:
511:
510:
490:
480:
474:
473:
471:
462:
380:friction igniter
267:, and trenches,
91:
89:
88:
33:
24:
19:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1279:
1270:3.7 cm TAK 1918
1256:
1208:
1155:
1121:21 cm Paris Gun
1116:21 cm Mörser 99
1111:21 cm Mörser 16
1106:21 cm Mörser 10
1093:siege artillery
1091:
1090:Superheavy and
1085:
1041:15 cm Kanone 16
1011:10.5 cm leFH 16
948:
939:
935:Albrecht mortar
881:
827:
818:
812:
782:
781:
772:
770:
761:
760:
756:
747:
745:
736:
735:
728:
719:
717:
712:
711:
707:
690:
684:
682:
673:
672:
668:
659:
657:
644:
643:
639:
630:
628:
615:
614:
610:
601:
599:
591:
590:
583:
568:
555:
554:
550:
535:
519:
518:
514:
499:
482:
481:
477:
469:
464:
463:
452:
447:
422:
392:
341:
282:
245:
237:First World War
207:
205:
156:
86:
84:
73:In service
68:Service history
43:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1342:
1340:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1306:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1289:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1266:
1264:
1262:Anti-tank guns
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1247:8.8 cm Flak 16
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1095:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
952:
950:
949:and heavy guns
941:
940:
938:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
891:
889:
883:
882:
880:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
833:
831:
820:
819:
813:
811:
810:
803:
796:
788:
780:
779:
754:
726:
705:
666:
637:
608:
581:
566:
548:
533:
512:
497:
475:
449:
448:
446:
443:
442:
441:
435:
429:
421:
418:
391:
388:
340:
337:
281:
278:
254:trench warfare
252:stagnated and
244:
241:
210:
209:
202:
198:
197:
194:
188:
187:
184:
178:
177:
174:
168:
167:
164:
158:
157:
153:
152:
149:
142:
141:
140:Specifications
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
82:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
65:
64:
59:
55:
54:
49:
45:
44:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1341:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1252:Flaming onion
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
951:
946:
942:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
892:
890:
888:
884:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
834:
832:
830:
829:mountain guns
825:
821:
817:
809:
804:
802:
797:
795:
790:
789:
786:
768:
764:
758:
755:
743:
739:
733:
731:
727:
715:
709:
706:
701:
695:
681:
677:
670:
667:
655:
651:
647:
641:
638:
626:
622:
618:
612:
609:
598:
594:
588:
586:
582:
577:
573:
569:
567:0-89673-010-7
563:
559:
552:
549:
544:
540:
536:
534:0-8195-6719-1
530:
526:
522:
516:
513:
508:
504:
500:
498:0-7607-1994-2
494:
489:
488:
479:
476:
468:
461:
459:
457:
455:
451:
444:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
423:
419:
417:
415:
411:
407:
406:
400:
399:
390:World War One
389:
387:
385:
381:
376:
371:
370:LadungsWerfer
366:
364:
360:
355:
351:
346:
345:LadungsWerfer
338:
336:
334:
333:
327:
326:LadungsWerfer
322:
317:
316:LadungsWerfer
312:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
294:LadungsWerfer
286:
279:
277:
273:
270:
266:
262:
257:
255:
251:
250:Western Front
242:
240:
238:
234:
230:
226:
223:
220:shortened to
219:
218:
203:
199:
195:
193:
189:
185:
183:
179:
175:
173:
169:
165:
163:
159:
154:
150:
147:
143:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
119:
116:
112:
107:
104:
101:
97:
94:
93:German Empire
83:
79:
75:
71:
66:
63:
62:German Empire
60:
56:
53:
50:
46:
42:
38:
35:Lt.-Gen. Sir
32:
27:
20:
1076:15 cm sFH 93
1071:15 cm sFH 13
1066:15 cm sFH 02
1036:13.5 cm K 09
971:7.7 cm FK 96
966:7.7 cm FK 16
924:
900:7.58 cm leMW
771:. Retrieved
766:
757:
746:. Retrieved
744:. 2019-08-23
741:
718:. Retrieved
708:
683:. Retrieved
679:
669:
658:. Retrieved
649:
640:
629:. Retrieved
620:
611:
600:. Retrieved
596:
557:
551:
524:
521:Netz, Reviel
515:
486:
478:
402:
395:
393:
375:black powder
369:
367:
363:contact fuze
354:driving band
344:
342:
331:
325:
321:inclinometer
315:
313:
309:
305:
293:
291:
274:
265:machine guns
258:
246:
231:used by the
229:heavy mortar
224:
221:
216:
215:
213:
186:Muzzleloaded
148: length
132:Manufacturer
81:Used by
52:Heavy mortar
16:Heavy mortar
816:World War I
769:(in French)
716:(in German)
414:Pickelhaube
269:barbed wire
235:during the
135:Rheinmetall
118:Rheinmetall
103:World War I
37:Julian Byng
1308:Categories
1026:10 cm K 17
1021:10 cm K 14
1016:10 cm K 04
981:7.7 cm KiH
773:2021-04-08
748:2021-04-08
720:2021-04-08
685:2021-04-08
660:2021-04-08
631:2021-04-08
602:2021-04-08
558:Land Power
445:References
368:To fire a
359:delay fuze
339:Ammunition
261:land mines
1285:Tank guns
1275:MG 18 TuF
947:, medium
930:25 cm sMW
910:17 cm mMW
543:728243601
403:Butte de
398:Abteilung
76:1916–1918
824:Infantry
694:cite web
654:Archived
625:Archived
523:(2004).
507:44779672
405:Vauquois
259:Besides
256:set in.
124:Designed
114:Designer
1324:Mortars
887:Mortars
576:5718938
384:lanyard
243:History
172:Caliber
574:
564:
541:
531:
505:
495:
330:25 cm
280:Design
227:was a
192:Recoil
182:Breech
146:Barrel
90:
945:Field
470:(PDF)
350:ogive
162:Shell
826:and
700:link
572:OCLC
562:ISBN
539:OCLC
529:ISBN
503:OCLC
493:ISBN
343:The
314:The
308:and
292:The
214:The
196:None
127:1915
99:Wars
48:Type
1310::
765:.
740:.
729:^
696:}}
692:{{
678:.
652:.
648:.
623:.
619:.
595:.
584:^
570:.
537:.
501:.
453:^
365:.
263:,
239:.
807:e
800:t
793:v
776:.
751:.
723:.
702:)
688:.
663:.
634:.
605:.
578:.
545:.
509:.
472:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
