500:) that had a central pivot mount and an outer rail. It was assembled with the aid of a derrick or crane, which took between three and five days, and railroad tracks were laid slightly past the firing platform to accommodate the front bogies of the gun. The gun was moved over the firing platform and then lowered into position after the central section of rail was removed. After the gun's pintle was bolted to the firing platform's pivot mount, the entire carriage was jacked up so that the trucks and their sections of rail could be removed. The carriage was then lowered so that the rear rollers rested on the outer track. Concrete versions were also used. It could have up to 360° of traverse.
512:. An extensible rail could be raised and braced in place to allow the shell trolley to reach shells placed on the ground or in an ammunition car behind the mount. This ammunition car sometimes had its own overhead rail to move the shells forward to where the trolley in the mount could reach it through a hatch in the roof. The shell and powder were manually rammed into the gun. The gun had to be loaded at zero elevation and thus needed to be re-aimed between each shot. It used the German naval system of ammunition where the base charge was held in a metallic cartridge case and supplemented by another charge in a silk bag which was rammed first.
600:
1077:
484:
495:
could fire from any suitable section of track after curved wedges were bolted to the track behind each wheel to absorb any residual recoil after the gun cradle recoiled backwards. It also had a pintle built into the underside of the front of the mount. Two large rollers were fitted to the underside
31:
428:
The firing platform was a semi-portable mount that could be emplaced anywhere after several weeks of labor to prepare the position. It rotated on a pivot at the front of the mount. The rear was supported by rollers resting on a semicircular rail and was generally equipped with a
704:
was signed on 11 November 1918, a battery of four "Brunos" stationed in
Belgium sought asylum in the Netherlands. They were given to Belgium as reparations. Six were destroyed in 1921–22 by the
1632:
1120:
1556:
1229:
705:
727:. One gun was destroyed when a shell detonated prematurely in the barrel while firing on those targets. By the end of 1941, two "Brunos" were assigned to
1093:
508:
Ammunition was moved by means of an overhead rail from which a shell trolley carried individual shells to be placed in the loading tray fixed to the
1219:
1488:
1395:
1234:
487:
Note the prominent housing for the screw jack on the front of the mount and how the forward end of the ammunition car's roof has been slid back
1239:
701:
1176:
1503:
1498:
1030:
1006:
992:
1186:
1181:
1508:
390:
had proved that they were not suitable for contemporary naval combat. One change made for land service was the fitting of a large
1295:
1113:
1493:
1166:
395:
324:. Originally a naval gun, it was adapted for land service after its ships were disarmed beginning in 1916. It served on the
361:
1191:
367:
1224:
1106:
377:
325:
1081:
1360:
1320:
1244:
1171:
373:
232:
1518:
1637:
1440:
1541:
1450:
1483:
1042:
A Dictionary on Modern
Fortification: An Illustrated Lexicon on European Fortification in the Period 1800–1945
1607:
1528:
1275:
1161:
1151:
659:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1014:
Railway
Artillery: A Report on the Characteristics, Scope of Utility, Etc., of Railway Artillery, Volume I
467:
455:
250:
1460:
509:
399:
214:
1536:
1465:
1415:
1138:
220:
1445:
1214:
449:
318:
314:
30:
978:
Eisenbahnartillerie: Histoire de l'artillerie lourd sur voie ferrée allemande des origines à 1945
752:
568:
564:
548:
382:
336:. Belgium received four guns as reparations after the war. The Germans used two of those guns in
197:
191:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1049:
Schmalenbach, Paul (1983). "German Navy Large Bore Guns
Operational Ashore During World War I".
1546:
1345:
1290:
1209:
1156:
1058:
1026:
1002:
988:
732:
387:
357:
610:
The Navy kept most of the "Brunos" and used them on coast-defense duties, mainly in
Occupied
1551:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
437:
341:
1584:
1407:
1355:
1325:
1259:
1249:
1201:
744:
736:
674:
625:
599:
579:
345:
282:
689:, was captured by the Australian Army on 8 August 1918. Its barrel is preserved today in
1088:
1012:
1561:
537:
407:
1626:
1576:
1566:
668:
461:
391:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1350:
1285:
1280:
1143:
496:
of the mount at the rear. Seven cars could carry a portable metal firing platform (
403:
337:
321:
91:
44:
1098:
642:(4 x "Brunos"). Those same sources disagree about the number of guns assigned to
1475:
1130:
724:
333:
87:
662:
in March–April 1918. Only two "Brunos" were given to the Army - they served in
1455:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1270:
694:
443:
430:
422:
386:) when those ships began to be relegated to training duties in 1916 after the
260:
175:
1062:
406:
to perform the same function. In 1917, the first four guns, formerly used on
1589:
1435:
751:). The battery was able to retreat to Germany by 1 September 1944 after the
619:
1076:
1599:
711:
After the surrender of
Belgium on 28 May 1940, two "Brunos" were used by
690:
611:
604:
329:
483:
755:
began in June 1944, but nothing is known of its activities afterwards.
716:
204:
615:
227:
1023:
Der
Atlantikwall: Bauten der deutschen Küstenbefestigungen 1940–1945
780:
The other abbreviations stand for "und KopfzĂĽnder" (and nose fuse).
720:
598:
482:
243:
124:
106:
1102:
771:
The abbreviations stand for "mit BodenzĂĽnder" (with base fuse).
658:, with 2 guns, saw service against the British during the
480:) mounts successfully used by other German railroad guns.
987:. Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire: Crowood Press, 2001
968:
Buckland, J. L. (1978). "The Amiens
Railway Gun Story".
1598:
1575:
1527:
1474:
1404:
1258:
1200:
1137:
291:
281:
259:
249:
238:
226:
213:
203:
190:
174:
166:
154:
149:
138:
130:
120:
112:
102:
97:
83:
71:
63:
58:
50:
40:
21:
980:. Paris: Editions Histoire et Fortifications, 2006
472:were mounted on the railroad and firing platform (
650:(4 guns) defending Ostende under the command of
571:(Sprenggranate L/4.4 m. Bdz. u. Kz. (mit Haube))
402:. This, although heavy, was simpler than adding
394:just forward of the trunnions to counteract the
972:(July). Australian Railway Historical Society.
970:Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin
789:although the Battery isn't covered explicitly.
417:) mountings for coast defense duty as part of
1114:
8:
295:20,050–27,500 m (21,930–30,070 yd)
158:156 tonnes (154 long tons; 172 short tons) (
706:Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control
35:side view of a "Bruno" and its crew in 1918
1121:
1107:
1099:
18:
1017:Washington: Government Print Office, 1921
181:10.401 meters (34 ft 1 in) L/40
1633:World War I railway artillery of Germany
1557:7.7 cm Leichte KraftwagengeschĂĽtze M1914
1230:24 cm schwere FlĂĽgelMinenWerfer Albrecht
1220:9.15 cm leichtes Minenwerfer System Lanz
514:
328:and on coast defense duties in Occupied
287:740–785 m/s (2,430–2,580 ft/s)
801:
764:
897:
895:
360:were used as the main armament of the
1240:24 cm schwerer LadungsWerfer Ehrhardt
340:after Belgium's surrender during the
7:
170:21.61 meters (70 ft 11 in)
1235:24 cm schwere FlĂĽgelminenwerfer IKO
540:shell (Sprenggranate L/2.9 m. Bdz.)
474:Eisenbahn und BettungsschiessgerĂĽst
376:, but they were transferred to the
344:and on coast-defense duties on the
436:Twenty guns, from the battleships
413:, were placed in firing platform (
14:
1177:7.62 cm InfanteriegeschĂĽtz L/16.5
985:German Artillery of World War One
715:between 8 and 10 June to fire on
685:mount No. 7, formerly carried by
1075:
1044:. Middleburg, Netherlands: PRAK.
29:
588:27,750 m (30,350 yd)
585:740 m/s (2,400 ft/s)
557:20,050 m (21,930 yd)
554:785 m/s (2,580 ft/s)
1187:7.7 cm InfanteriegeschĂĽtz L/27
1182:7.7 cm InfanteriegeschĂĽtz L/20
1167:7.5 cm Gebirgskanone L/13 C/80
292:Maximum firing range
209:283 millimeters (11.1 in)
139:
1:
1001:. Stuttgart: Motorbook, 1999
741:Artillery Group Gironde-South
1504:24 cm SK L/40 "Theodor Karl"
1499:24 cm SK L/30 "Theodor Otto"
1192:10.5 cm Gebirgshaubitze L/12
749:Artilleriegruppe Gironde-SĂĽd
630:Matrosen Artillerie Regiment
735:defending the mouth of the
681:) 1005. The latter gun, on
634:1 defended the latter with
624:Sailor Artillery Regiment (
578:22.9 kg (50 lb) (
547:15.9 kg (35 lb) (
374:pre-dreadnought battleships
1654:
1361:15 cm L/40 Feldkanone i.R.
1172:Ehrhardt 7.5 cm Model 1904
999:EisenbahngeschĂĽtz der Welt
575:284 kg (626 lb)
544:240 kg (530 lb)
307:SK — Schnelladekanone
303:28 cm SK L/40 "Bruno"
1494:21 cm SK "Peter Adalbert"
652:Sailor Artillery Regiment
603:Amiens gun on display in
348:for the rest of the war.
185:
51:Place of origin
28:
1542:3.7 cm SockelFlak L/14.5
1451:28 cm Haubitze L/14 i.R.
1011:Miller, H. W., Lt. Col.
614:to protect the ports of
1608:5.7 cm Maxim-Nordenfelt
1529:Anti-aircraft artillery
1509:28 cm K L/40 "KurfĂĽrst"
1276:Krupp 7.5 cm Model 1903
1162:7.5 cm GebirgsKanone 13
1152:5.7 cm Maxim-Nordenfelt
1089:SK L/40 at Navweaps.com
660:German spring offensive
309:(quick-loading cannon)
1489:17 cm SK L/40 "Samuel"
1441:21 cm Versuchmörser 06
1376:15 cm Ring Kanone L/30
1371:15 cm Ring Kanone C/92
1366:15 cm Ring Kanone C/72
910:Buckland, pp. 137–142
862:Rolf 2004, pp. 139–140
748:
678:
646:(3 or 4 "Brunos") and
629:
607:
488:
398:of weight towards the
23:28 cm SK L/40 "Bruno"
1537:3.7 cm Maxim Flak M14
1514:28 cm SK L/40 "Bruno"
1084:at Wikimedia Commons
1051:Warship International
1025:. OsnabrĂĽck: Biblio.
739:under the command of
602:
563:nose- and base-fused
486:
415:BettungsschiessgerĂĽst
273:BettungsschiessgerĂĽst
1466:42 cm Gamma howitzer
1416:21 cm Haubitze M1891
1396:17 cm SK L/40 i.R.L.
1129:German artillery of
1094:"Bruno" at Landships
753:invasion of Normandy
693:, Australia, as the
283:Muzzle velocity
1519:38 cm SK L/45 "Max"
1446:28 cm Haubitze L/12
1040:Rolf, Rudi (2004).
1021:Rolf, Rudi (1998).
844:Miller, pp. 496–497
835:Miller, pp. 475–476
826:François, pp. 30–31
679:Bayerische Batterie
1476:Railroad artillery
644:Batteries Hannover
638:(3 or 4 guns) and
608:
489:
469:Schleswig-Holstein
419:Batterie Graf Spee
383:Kaiserliche Marine
358:28 cm SK L/40 guns
352:Design and history
196:separate-loading,
98:Production history
1616:
1615:
1547:7.62 cm FlaK L/30
1484:15 cm SK "Nathan"
1346:12 cm Kanone C/80
1291:7.7 cm FK 96 n.A.
1271:5.3 cm Fahrpanzer
1210:Granatenwerfer 16
1157:6 cm S-Bts K L/21
1080:Media related to
937:Rolf 1998, p. 377
733:Le Verdon-sur-Mer
731:and stationed at
592:
591:
421:on the island of
388:Battle of Jutland
299:
298:
1645:
1638:280 mm artillery
1552:7.7 cm FlaK L/35
1461:42 cm Big Bertha
1456:38 cm Langer Max
1321:10.5 cm FH 98/09
1316:9 cm Kanone C/79
1311:9 cm Kanone C/73
1306:8 cm Kanone C/80
1301:8 cm Kanone C/73
1123:
1116:
1109:
1100:
1082:28 cm L/40 Bruno
1079:
1066:
1045:
1036:
983:Jäger, Herbert.
973:
956:
953:
947:
944:
938:
935:
929:
926:
920:
917:
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902:
899:
890:
887:
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872:
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790:
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781:
778:
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656:Battery Rossbach
636:Batteries Hessen
527:Muzzle velocity
515:
342:Battle of France
277:360° on platform
141:
33:
24:
19:
1653:
1652:
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1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1594:
1585:3.7 cm TAK 1918
1571:
1523:
1470:
1436:21 cm Paris Gun
1431:21 cm Mörser 99
1426:21 cm Mörser 16
1421:21 cm Mörser 10
1408:siege artillery
1406:
1405:Superheavy and
1400:
1356:15 cm Kanone 16
1326:10.5 cm leFH 16
1263:
1254:
1250:Albrecht mortar
1196:
1142:
1133:
1127:
1073:
1048:
1039:
1033:
1020:
976:François, Guy.
967:
964:
959:
955:François, p. 68
954:
950:
946:François, p. 62
945:
941:
936:
932:
928:François, p. 54
927:
923:
919:François, p. 47
918:
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909:
905:
901:François, p. 31
900:
893:
889:François, p. 12
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817:François, p. 38
816:
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808:François, p. 30
807:
803:
799:
794:
793:
788:
784:
779:
775:
770:
766:
761:
737:Gironde Estuary
597:
524:Filling Weight
506:
498:Bettungslafette
380:from the Navy (
354:
346:Gironde Estuary
276:
270:
233:hydro-pneumatic
186:
90:
78:
76:
64:In service
59:Service history
36:
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1562:8.8 cm Flak 16
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1071:External links
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997:Kosar, Franz.
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746:
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738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
709:
707:
703:
698:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
670:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
631:
627:
621:
617:
613:
606:
601:
594:
587:
584:
581:
577:
574:
572:
570:
569:ballistic cap
566:
561:
560:
556:
553:
550:
546:
543:
541:
539:
534:
533:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
516:
513:
511:
503:
501:
499:
494:
485:
481:
479:
475:
471:
470:
465:
464:
459:
458:
453:
452:
447:
446:
441:
440:
434:
432:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
411:
405:
404:equilibrators
401:
397:
396:preponderance
393:
392:counterweight
389:
385:
384:
379:
375:
372:
370:
365:
364:
359:
351:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
326:Western Front
323:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
294:
290:
286:
284:
280:
274:
268:
264:
262:
258:
254:
252:
248:
245:
241:
237:
234:
231:
229:
225:
222:
221:sliding-wedge
218:
216:
212:
208:
206:
202:
199:
195:
193:
189:
184:
180:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
148:
144:
137:
133:
129:
126:
123:
119:
115:
111:
108:
105:
101:
96:
93:
89:
86:
82:
74:
70:
66:
62:
57:
54:German Empire
53:
49:
46:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
1620:
1618:
1513:
1391:15 cm sFH 93
1386:15 cm sFH 13
1381:15 cm sFH 02
1351:13.5 cm K 09
1286:7.7 cm FK 96
1281:7.7 cm FK 16
1215:7.58 cm leMW
1074:
1054:
1050:
1041:
1022:
1013:
998:
984:
977:
969:
951:
942:
933:
924:
915:
906:
885:
876:
867:
858:
849:
840:
831:
822:
813:
804:
785:
776:
767:
740:
728:
712:
710:
699:
686:
682:
667:
663:
655:
651:
647:
643:
640:Braunschweig
639:
635:
623:
609:
562:
535:
507:
497:
492:
490:
477:
473:
468:
462:
456:
450:
444:
439:Braunschweig
438:
435:
427:
418:
414:
409:
381:
368:
363:Braunschweig
362:
355:
338:World War II
322:railroad gun
310:
306:
302:
300:
272:
266:
198:cased charge
178: length
159:
121:Manufacturer
92:World War II
79:Nazi Germany
72:Used by
45:Railroad gun
16:Railroad gun
1131:World War I
729:Battery 721
725:Amifontaine
713:Battery 655
664:Battery 746
567:shell with
536:base-fused
518:Shell name
457:Deutschland
369:Deutschland
334:World War I
313:(with a 40
242:2 x 5-axle
219:horizontal
142: built
88:World War I
1627:Categories
1341:10 cm K 17
1336:10 cm K 14
1331:10 cm K 04
1296:7.7 cm KiH
797:References
700:After the
695:Amiens Gun
504:Ammunition
431:gun shield
423:Wangerooge
410:Lothringen
255:+0° to 45°
1600:Tank guns
1590:MG 18 TuF
1262:, medium
1245:25 cm sMW
1225:17 cm mMW
1063:0043-0374
702:Armistice
620:Zeebrugge
463:Schlesien
408:SMS
251:Elevation
1139:Infantry
691:Canberra
683:E. u. B.
669:Bavarian
648:Preussen
612:Flanders
605:Canberra
493:E. u. B.
478:E. u. B.
451:Preussen
330:Flanders
267:E. u. B.
265:2° 15' (
261:Traverse
239:Carriage
160:E. u. B.
131:Produced
113:Designed
103:Designer
77:Belgium
1202:Mortars
962:Sources
717:Brimont
671:Battery
521:Weight
332:during
315:caliber
205:Caliber
134:1916–18
116:1916–17
67:1917–45
1061:
1029:
1005:
991:
745:German
687:Hessen
675:German
626:German
616:Ostend
530:Range
510:breech
466:, and
445:Hessen
400:breech
371:-class
356:These
319:German
271:180° (
244:trucks
228:Recoil
215:Breech
176:Barrel
167:Length
1260:Field
759:Notes
723:from
721:Reims
192:Shell
145:22–24
125:Krupp
107:Krupp
1141:and
1059:ISSN
1027:ISBN
1003:ISBN
989:ISBN
719:and
666:and
618:and
491:The
378:Army
366:and
301:The
155:Mass
84:Wars
41:Type
654:2.
580:TNT
476:) (
140:No.
1629::
1055:XX
1053:.
894:^
747::
708:.
697:.
677::
628::
622:.
582:)
565:HE
551:)
549:HE
460:,
454:,
448:,
442:,
433:.
425:.
275:)
269:)
1122:e
1115:t
1108:v
1065:.
1035:.
743:(
673:(
632:)
305:(
162:)
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