344:
muzzle) and the caliber (bore diameter) was 3.67 in (93 mm). The 20-pounder
Parrott had a reinforcing band 16.25 in (41 cm) long and 1.5 in (38 mm) thick. The Register of Inspections recorded numbers 1 through 284. However, there were gaps in the record and surviving guns have been found with numbers in the gaps. Also, there is a gun at Gettysburg National Military Park with registry number 296, so it is likely that the real number of guns produced is at least 296. The cost per gun was approximately $ 380. A number of the guns were designed for Navy use and had a block and pin that fitted over the cascabel (end knob). Only 15 Federal-made guns are known to have survived to the present day.
419:
caisson (ammunition wagon). Each caisson carried two ammunition chests and the limber carried one additional ammunition chest. In addition to its guns, limbers, and caissons, each battery had two additional vehicles, a supply wagon and a portable forge. The 20-pounder
Parrott rifle's great weight made it difficult for a 6-horse team to pull. The guns were among the heaviest pieces that could be classified as field artillery, so few were taken along with the field armies. The 10-pounder Parrott rifle was more frequently utilized. Under normal conditions, infantry could be expected to march 15 mi (24.1 km) in six hours, while it would take an artillery battery 10 hours to march 16 mi (25.7 km).
428:
378:(0.9 kg) and fired the projectile with a muzzle velocity of 1,250 ft/s (381 m/s) to a distance of 1,900 yd (1,737 m) at 5° elevation. A smoothbore cannon's projectile usually retained only one-third of its muzzle velocity at 1,500 yd (1,372 m) and its round shot could be seen in the air. At the same distance, a rifled projectile often retained two-thirds of its muzzle velocity and was not visible while in flight. A rifled projectile only became visible if it started to tumble out of control. Tumbling occurred when the shell failed to take the grooves inside the gun barrel or when the spin wore off in flight.
396:. The use of bolts (solid shot) was rare and it was usually not provided in the ammunition chests. Firing a shell without a fuse would achieve the same result as firing a solid shot from a rifled gun. Parrott ammunition was designed to be used. The Parrott rifles could also fire Hotchkiss ammunition, but gunners were not allowed to use Schenkl ammunition. One flaw in Parrott ammunition was the position of the sabot was at the shell's base. This meant that the final impulse on the projectile as it left the gun was on its base, possibly causing the shell to wobble in flight.
552:
Haskell wanted the 20-pounder
Parrotts taken away from the Macon Light Artillery to spare its men possible injury. Union General Hunt protested that the 20-pounder Parrotts were "very unsatisfactory" because the shells were unreliable and dangerous to Federal troops. He noted that two of the guns burst at Antietam and one at Fredericksburg. Hunt tried to suppress the use of the 20-pounders in the Army of the Potomac. One of the guns of Taft's Battery (5th New York) burst at Gettysburg. Parrott rifles were not employed again after the Civil War.
370:
31:
330:
bands as they cooled, making an uneven fit around the gun barrel. Parrott overcame the problem by slowly rotating the gun barrel while it was being cooled. The
Parrott rifle was first developed in 1859–1860. Parrott later noted of his invention, "I do not profess to think that they are the best gun in the world, but I think they were the best practical thing that could be got at the time". The U.S. government bought the first ten
514:, Battery Williams was 400 yd (366 m) northeast of Phillips, and Battery Robinett was 200 yd (183 m) north of Williams and 675 yd (617 m) west of Corinth. Battery Williams contained 30-pounder Parrott rifles while Battery Robinett was armed with three 20-pounder Parrott rifles and manned by Company C of the
530:
in the Union right-center, but not before the Union guns in
Battery Powell inflicted serious casualties. Guarding the north side of Corinth, Battery Powell was defended by three 20-pounder Parrott rifles of Richardson's battery and two M1841 24-pounder howitzers. These guns were overrun. However, the
325:
explosion to leak out, but it also put less stress on the gun barrel. With rifled cannon, the ammunition was designed to expand the shell so that there was no windage between the projectile and the gun barrel. This meant that a smaller gunpowder charge could throw a rifled projectile farther, but it
351:
in the
Confederacy produced 45 20-pounder Parrott rifles between August 1862 and December 1864. Like the Federal version, the guns were rifled with five grooves in a right-hand twist. The Confederate pattern differed from the Federal gun by having a reinforcing band 20 in (51 cm) long and
329:
Bronze was too soft a metal for rifled guns. Cast iron was hard enough to take rifling but it was too brittle. Parrott's solution to this puzzle was a cast iron rifled cannon that had a wrought iron reinforcing band wrapped around the breech. When banded guns were manufactured, gravity acted on the
343:
The West Point
Foundry produced about 300 20-pounder Parrott rifles between September 1861 and July 1864. The gun barrels weighted between 1,635 lb (742 kg) and 1,815 lb (823 kg). The rifling consisted of five lands and grooves of right-hand gaining twist (increasing toward the
551:
complained that a battery of four 20-pounder
Parrotts proved to be worthless. He wrote that half their shells exploded almost as soon as they left the gun and many of the others wobbled in flight. Finally, one of the guns burst, killing one gunner and injuring two others. Confederate Major John
418:
Early in the war, many Union batteries were organized with six guns of identical type. However, as will be noted, batteries armed with 20-pounder
Parrott rifles often had four guns. Each gun required two 6-horse teams. The first team pulled the gun and its limber and the second team pulled the
377:
The 20-pounder
Parrott rifle had a bore (caliber) with a diameter of 3.67 in (93 mm) and fired a projectile weighing 20 lb (9.1 kg). Its gun barrel was 84 in (213 cm) long and weighed about 1,750 lb (794 kg). The gunpowder charge weighed 2.0 lb
326:
also meant that the gun barrel was put under greater stress. Bronze cannons infrequently burst because the metal was flexible. Cast iron was stronger than bronze, but it was also more rigid. This made cast iron guns more prone to burst at the breech or muzzle.
411:. First, the rifled gun's 3.67-inch bore was narrower than the 12-pounder's 4.62 in (117 mm) bore and thus could fire fewer canister balls. Second, the gun's rifling caused the canister to be thrown in an irregular pattern. Union General
546:
believed that Parrott rifles were as good as the best artillery despite their "unequal endurance". He wrote that the Parrotts were easy for gun crews to operate. Nevertheless, the 20-pounder Parrott rifles had many critics. Confederate General
356:
contracted to manufacture 20-pounder Parrott rifles for the Confederacy, but it is not known if they were produced and none have survived. There are 14 surviving Confederate-made 20-pounder Parrott rifles of which two have markings from the
334:
on 23 May 1861. The U.S. Ordnance Department trusted Robert Parrott to such a degree that he was allowed to be the inspecting officer until the end of 1862. This was a unique arrangement since Parrott was also the manufacturer.
313:. In 1836, president of the company Gouverneur Kemble persuaded Parrott to resign from the Army and join his firm. Several years before the American Civil War, gun founders grappled with the problem of rifling cannons.
352:
2 in (51 mm) thick. This resulted in the guns averaging 1,866 lb (846 kg) each, which is 51 lb (23 kg) more than the heaviest Federal pieces. The Noble Brothers & Company of
1669:
392:
The 20-pounder Parrott rifle was mounted on the 1,175 lb (533 kg) carriage for the M1841 12-pounder field gun. The 20-pounder Parrott rifle fired case shot (shrapnel), shell, and
483:
on 13 December 1862, the 5th New York Battery and Batteries A, B, and C of the New York Battalion served in the Artillery Reserve. The Artillery Reserve was posted on the east bank of the
539:'s Federal division. Stanley's position was buttressed by Battery Robinett which became the focus of gallant but unsuccessful Confederate attacks. Losses on both sides were heavy.
274:
reinforcing band. The gun fired a 20 lb (9.1 kg) projectile to a distance of 1,900 yd (1,737 m) at an elevation of 5°. The 20-pounder Parrott rifle could fire
1644:
1629:
464:
381:
Rifling allowed elongated/heavier rounds to be fired. For example, smoothbore cannons of the same 3.67 caliber as the 20-pounder Parrott fired only 6 pound
1752:
2334:
2319:
2309:
2258:
2253:
2238:
1590:
561:
415:
asserted that rifled guns had a canister range only half the 400 yd (366 m) effective range of canister fired from the 12-pounder Napoleon.
452:
432:
2048:
519:
2008:
456:
290:. In spite of the reinforcing band, the 20-pounder earned a dubious reputation for bursting without warning, killing or injuring gunners. The
2501:
1581:
515:
1897:
1872:
1817:
531:
tide turned and Federal troops recaptured the position, re-manned the guns, and fired on the retreating Confederates. In the center,
1508:
1489:
1452:
1430:
1392:
36:
1747:
1727:
1639:
1411:
2132:
1687:
1649:
1621:
2397:
1917:
1659:
361:
Arsenal and the others were made at Tredegar. The two Macon Arsenal guns have weights averaging 1,657 lb (752 kg).
459:, Batteries A (Wever's), B (von Kleiser's), and C (Langner's) were all 4-gun 20-pounder Parrott batteries belonging to the
2028:
472:
291:
2339:
2196:
1702:
1303:
2344:
2178:
427:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2271:
2266:
1812:
1772:
1574:
468:
448:
408:
386:
2324:
1942:
1634:
495:
488:
480:
331:
2276:
2127:
2088:
2018:
1979:
1907:
1902:
1835:
1732:
1697:
1692:
503:
2301:
2206:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2043:
522:
helped repel two Confederate attacks but lost one gun. On the second day, the Confederate division led by
2314:
1947:
1850:
1722:
548:
543:
511:
476:
310:
302:
102:
2415:
1912:
1797:
1767:
1737:
1567:
527:
507:
460:
2460:
2093:
1792:
444:
404:
348:
2201:
2191:
1922:
1892:
1830:
1606:
484:
440:
412:
306:
275:
263:
259:
182:
120:
87:
2359:
2038:
2033:
2023:
1548:
1504:
1485:
1448:
1426:
1407:
1388:
499:
213:
2173:
2155:
2145:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1887:
1807:
1802:
1782:
1777:
1679:
536:
30:
1463:
369:
2470:
2450:
2354:
2230:
2137:
2122:
2098:
2083:
1974:
1969:
1882:
1742:
532:
523:
231:
2475:
2435:
2243:
1998:
1993:
1845:
1840:
1825:
1787:
1664:
358:
279:
2004:
Sharps M1848, M1850, M1851, M1852, M1853, M1855, M1859, M1863, M1865 carbine and rifle
2495:
2465:
2445:
2440:
2296:
2078:
2013:
1877:
1712:
1654:
1598:
1535:
1440:
400:
393:
353:
283:
267:
1559:
1472:
2387:
2382:
2372:
2211:
2003:
1964:
1959:
1762:
271:
305:
was an ordnance officer in the US Army who inspected cannons manufactured at the
2186:
2165:
1717:
1616:
2411:
2392:
2150:
1984:
1707:
1519:
382:
318:
287:
2455:
2430:
2425:
2377:
2367:
2221:
2117:
1757:
1552:
467:
had two 20-pounder Parrott rifles, three 10-pounder Parrott rifles, and one
322:
255:
2310:
James 24-pounder M1839, 32-pounder M1829 and 42-pounder M1841 rifled cannon
2335:
Parrott 30-pounder, 100-pounder, 200-pounder and 300-pounder rifled cannon
1520:"Green Ones and Black Ones: The Most Common Field Pieces of the Civil War"
435:
practices with a 20-pounder Parrott rifle in the Washington D.C. defenses.
1864:
1611:
195:
1364:
1362:
2480:
2305:(also known as James 6-pounder M1861 or 3.8-inch M1861 rifled cannon)
1860:
915:
913:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
314:
426:
368:
1349:
1347:
1563:
321:
and the barrel. Windage caused the propellant gases from the
1445:
The Darkest Days of the War: The Battles of Iuka and Corinth
447:
employed 22 20-pounder Parrott rifles while the Confederate
1480:
Hazlett, James C.; Olmstead, Edwin; Parks, M. Hume (2004).
471:. Simmonds' Battery and the 4-gun 20-pounder Parrott armed
403:
rifled guns were not as effective as canister fired from a
1960:
Joslyn M1855, M1861, M1862, M1864, M1865 carbine and rifle
1464:"Units at Antietam Equipped with the 3-in. Ordnance Rifle"
1503:. College Station, Tex.: Texas A&M University Press.
1447:. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press.
510:. Battery Phillips was 200 yd (183 m) north of
262:
in 1861 and employed in field artillery units during the
317:
smoothbore cannons had windage – or space – between the
1501:
Artillery Hell: The Employment of Artillery at Antietam
567:
Characteristics of American Civil War artillery pieces
1231:
1219:
258:
muzzle-loading rifled cannon that was adopted by the
2239:
8-inch M1841, 10-inch M1841 and 13-inch M1861 mortar
1368:
1003:
967:
955:
931:
919:
856:
2410:
2353:
2252:
2229:
2220:
2164:
2107:
1859:
1678:
1597:
373:
20-pounder Parrott rifle, rear view, Gettysburg NMP
240:
230:
222:
212:
204:
194:
181:
168:
160:
155:
142:
134:
126:
116:
108:
98:
93:
83:
73:
65:
60:
52:
44:
21:
1482:Field Artillery Weapons of the American Civil War
270:, the gun breech was reinforced by a distinctive
2019:Spencer M1860, M1865 repeating carbine and rifle
1499:Johnson, Curt; Anderson, Richard C. Jr. (1995).
1353:
1207:
1195:
1183:
1171:
535:'s Confederate division launched an assault on
518:. On the first day, Captain Henry Richardson's
1484:. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press.
1387:. Vol. 3. Secaucus, N.J.: Castle. 1987 .
1575:
8:
1693:Allen & Thurber M1837 revolver pepperbox
1645:M1850 army staff & field officer's sword
2226:
1758:Deringer M1825 Philadelphia caplock pistol
1630:M1840 army noncommissioned officer's sword
1582:
1568:
1560:
487:on Stafford Heights, opposite the town of
465:Simmonds' Battery Kentucky Light Artillery
18:
1846:Wesson and Leavitt M1850 Dragoon revolver
1803:Remington M1860 Elliot revolver pepperbox
1545:Artillery and Ammunition of the Civil War
562:Field artillery in the American Civil War
35:A 20-pounder Parrott rifle is located at
1473:"20-pounder Parrott rifled muzzleloader"
565:
453:5th New York Independent Light Artillery
433:1st Connecticut Heavy Artillery Regiment
1708:Butterfield M1855 transitional revolver
1547:. Charleston, S.C.: The Battery Press.
1338:
1326:
1291:
1279:
1267:
1255:
1243:
1111:
1087:
1015:
840:
520:Battery D, 1st Missouri Light Artillery
2330:Parrott 20-pounder M1861 rifled cannon
2325:Parrott 10-pounder M1861 rifled cannon
2282:12-pounder M1857 Napoleon field cannon
892:
457:1st New York Light Artillery Battalion
2179:Billinghurst Requa Battery volley gun
1898:Colt M1855 revolver carbine and rifle
294:also manufactured copies of the gun.
7:
2302:James 14-pounder M1861 rifled cannon
1768:Harpers Ferry M1836 and M1842 pistol
1670:USMC noncommissioned officer's sword
1385:Battles and Leaders of the Civil War
1314:
1159:
1147:
1135:
1123:
1099:
1075:
1063:
1051:
1039:
1027:
991:
979:
943:
904:
880:
868:
252:20-pounder Parrott rifle, Model 1861
2315:Ordnance 3-inch M1861 rifled cannon
1818:Smith & Wesson Model No. 2 Army
1698:Allen & Wheelock M1861 revolver
1404:Arms and Equipment of the Civil War
2398:Whitworth 70-pounder rifled cannon
2345:Whitworth 12-pounder rifled cannon
2277:12-pounder M1841 mountain howitzer
2009:Sharps & Hankins M1862 carbine
1893:Charleville M1816 and M1822 musket
1763:Elgin M1838 cutlass caplock pistol
1369:Hazlett, Olmstead & Parks 2004
1304:OR 1 Series 1, Volume 21, p. 189f.
1004:Hazlett, Olmstead & Parks 2004
968:Hazlett, Olmstead & Parks 2004
956:Hazlett, Olmstead & Parks 2004
932:Hazlett, Olmstead & Parks 2004
920:Hazlett, Olmstead & Parks 2004
857:Hazlett, Olmstead & Parks 2004
443:on 17 September 1862, the Federal
244:1,900 yd (1,700 m) at 5°
14:
1822:Spiller & Burr M1861 revolver
1591:Weapons of the American Civil War
1425:. New York, N.Y.: Da Capo Press.
1423:Civil War Artillery at Gettysburg
1406:. New York, N.Y.: Fairfax Press.
37:Gettysburg National Military Park
1808:Savage-North M1861 Navy revolver
241:Effective firing range
190:2.0 lb (0.9 kg) charge
188:20.0 lb (9.1 kg) shell
29:
2320:Ordnance 4.5-inch rifled cannon
2074:Springfield M1863 rifled musket
2069:Springfield M1861 rifled musket
2064:Springfield M1855 rifled musket
1883:Brunswick P1836 and P1841 rifle
1836:Volcanic M1855 repeating pistol
2244:Coehorn 5.82-inch M1841 mortar
2094:Wesson M1859 carbine and rifle
2089:Volcanic M1855 repeating rifle
1826:Starr M1858 and M1863 revolver
236:1,250 ft/s (381 m/s)
143:
1:
1703:Beaumont–Adams M1862 revolver
829:1,900 yd (1,737 m)
801:1,900 yd (1,737 m)
775:1,830 yd (1,673 m)
749:1,700 yd (1,554 m)
723:1,619 yd (1,480 m)
697:1,322 yd (1,209 m)
645:1,663 yd (1,521 m)
619:1,523 yd (1,393 m)
473:2nd U.S. Artillery, Battery E
292:Confederate States of America
2502:American Civil War artillery
2267:6-pounder M1841 field cannon
2187:Gatling I and II machine gun
1999:Richmond M1861 rifled musket
1713:Colt M1836 Paterson revolver
2059:Springfield M1847 musketoon
1948:Henry M1860 repeating rifle
1913:Enfield P1853 rifled musket
1908:Deringer M1817 Common rifle
1903:Deringer M1814 Common rifle
1723:Colt M1848 Dragoon revolver
1650:M1852 naval officer's sword
1640:M1840 light artillery saber
1354:Johnson & Anderson 1995
1208:Johnson & Anderson 1995
1196:Johnson & Anderson 1995
1184:Johnson & Anderson 1995
1172:Johnson & Anderson 1995
820:1,175 lb (533 kg)
817:1,750 lb (794 kg)
714:1,128 lb (512 kg)
711:1,227 lb (557 kg)
705:4.62 in (11.7 cm)
688:1,128 lb (512 kg)
685:1,318 lb (598 kg)
679:5.82 in (14.8 cm)
671:1,072 yd (980 m)
653:4.62 in (11.7 cm)
636:1,175 lb (533 kg)
633:1,757 lb (797 kg)
627:4.62 in (11.7 cm)
506:to defend the west side of
475:(Benjamin's) served in the
226:1,175 lb (533 kg)
164:1,750 lb (794 kg)
2518:
1965:Lorenz M1854 rifled musket
1813:Smith & Wesson Model 1
1748:Colt M1862 Police revolver
1728:Colt M1849 Pocket revolver
1718:Colt M1847 Walker revolver
1622:M1832 foot artillery sword
1232:Battles & Leaders 1987
1220:Battles & Leaders 1987
811:3.67 in (9.3 cm)
746:0.75 lb (0.3 kg)
731:3.67 in (9.3 cm)
717:12.3 lb (5.6 kg)
691:18.4 lb (8.3 kg)
639:12.3 lb (5.6 kg)
616:1.25 lb (0.6 kg)
601:3.67 in (9.3 cm)
559:
516:1st U.S. Infantry Regiment
431:Federal gun crew from the
2292:32-pounder M1844 howitzer
2287:24-pounder M1841 howitzer
2272:12-pounder M1841 howitzer
1783:Lefaucheux M1858 revolver
1778:Lefaucheux M1854 revolver
1660:M1860 light cavalry saber
1536:"The Weapons of Antietam"
826:2.0 lb (0.9 kg)
805:
798:1.0 lb (0.5 kg)
795:9.5 lb (4.3 kg)
792:900 lb (408 kg)
789:899 lb (408 kg)
783:3.0 in (7.6 cm)
779:
772:1.0 lb (0.5 kg)
769:9.5 lb (4.3 kg)
766:900 lb (408 kg)
763:820 lb (372 kg)
757:3.0 in (7.6 cm)
753:
740:900 lb (408 kg)
737:875 lb (397 kg)
727:
720:2.5 lb (1.1 kg)
702:M1857 12-pounder Napoleon
701:
694:2.0 lb (0.9 kg)
676:M1841 24-pounder howitzer
675:
668:1.0 lb (0.5 kg)
665:8.9 lb (4.0 kg)
662:900 lb (408 kg)
659:788 lb (357 kg)
650:M1841 12-pounder howitzer
649:
642:2.5 lb (1.1 kg)
623:
613:6.1 lb (2.8 kg)
610:900 lb (408 kg)
607:884 lb (401 kg)
597:
592:
583:
580:
571:
449:Army of Northern Virginia
409:M1841 12-pounder howitzer
387:M1841 6-pounder field gun
332:10-pounder Parrott rifles
200:3.67 in (93 mm)
176:
53:Place of origin
28:
23:20-pounder Parrott rifle
2368:Bomford Columbiad cannon
2054:Springfield M1842 musket
2049:Springfield M1840 musket
2044:Springfield M1835 musket
2039:Springfield M1822 musket
2034:Springfield M1816 musket
2029:Springfield M1812 musket
2024:Springfield M1795 musket
1943:Harper Ferry M1803 rifle
1938:Hall-North M1843 carbine
1923:Fayetteville M1862 rifle
1798:Remington M1858 revolver
1753:Colt Root M1855 revolver
1743:Colt M1861 Navy revolver
1738:Colt M1860 Army revolver
1733:Colt M1851 Navy revolver
1421:Cole, Philip M. (2002).
823:20 lb (9.1 kg)
814:84 in (213 cm)
807:20-pounder Parrott rifle
786:74 in (188 cm)
780:10-pounder Parrott rifle
760:69 in (175 cm)
743:12 lb (5.4 kg)
734:60 in (152 cm)
708:66 in (168 cm)
682:65 in (165 cm)
656:53 in (135 cm)
630:78 in (198 cm)
604:60 in (152 cm)
589:
586:
577:
574:
496:Second Battle of Corinth
489:Fredericksburg, Virginia
481:Battle of Fredericksburg
469:iron 12-pounder howitzer
172:84 in (2.13 m)
2393:Rodman Columbiad cannon
2128:Double-barreled shotgun
1980:Mississippi M1841 rifle
1918:Enfield P1861 musketoon
1543:Ripley, Warren (1984).
1471:Downey, Brian (2019b).
1462:Downey, Brian (2019a).
624:M1841 12-pounder cannon
526:routed the division of
151:Confederate States: 45+
1928:Gallager M1861 carbine
1888:Burnside M1855 carbine
1851:Whitney M1857 revolver
1831:Tranter M1856 revolver
1538:. Antietam on the Web.
1534:Downey, Brian (2019).
1518:Morgan, James (2002).
1475:. Antietam on the Web.
1466:. Antietam on the Web.
1402:Coggins, Jack (1983).
728:12-pounder James rifle
598:M1841 6-pounder cannon
436:
374:
2297:Blakely rifled cannon
2207:Vandenberg volley gun
2099:Whitworth P1857 rifle
2084:Tarpley M1863 carbine
1975:Merrill M1858 carbine
1970:Maynard M1851 carbine
1873:Augustin M1842 musket
754:3-inch Ordnance rifle
549:J. Johnston Pettigrew
544:Quincy Adams Gillmore
512:Corona Female College
498:on 3–4 October 1862,
430:
372:
311:Cold Spring, New York
303:Robert Parker Parrott
149:United States: c. 300
103:Robert Parker Parrott
16:Type of rifled cannon
2373:Brooke rifled cannon
2340:Pate revolver cannon
2212:Williams machine gun
2197:Pate revolver cannon
2133:Hale rocket launcher
1994:Potzdam M1831 musket
1841:Walch M1859 revolver
1793:Moore M1864 revolver
1788:LeMat M1856 revolver
1688:Adams M1851 revolver
528:Thomas Alfred Davies
508:Corinth, Mississippi
232:Muzzle velocity
2461:Maynard tape primer
2183:Claxton machine gun
2079:Starr M1858 carbine
2014:Smith M1857 carbine
1878:Ballard M1861 rifle
1773:Kerr M1855 revolver
1635:M1840 cavalry saber
1626:M1833 dragoon saber
1522:. civilwarhome.com.
1294:, pp. 258–266.
1270:, pp. 237–243.
1066:, pp. 130–131.
970:, pp. 117–118.
934:, pp. 263–264.
568:
556:Civil War artillery
445:Army of the Potomac
405:12-pounder Napoleon
385:. For example the
349:Tredegar Iron Works
2202:Ripley machine gun
2192:Gorgas machine gun
2166:Rapid fire weapons
1607:Arkansas toothpick
566:
485:Rappahannock River
441:Battle of Antietam
437:
413:Henry Jackson Hunt
375:
307:West Point Foundry
286:, and more rarely
264:American Civil War
260:United States Army
121:West Point Foundry
94:Production history
88:American Civil War
79:Confederate States
2489:
2488:
2406:
2405:
2360:Coastal artillery
2306:
1317:, pp. 93–94.
1114:, pp. 68–69.
833:
832:
500:William Rosecrans
248:
247:
2509:
2378:Carronade cannon
2304:
2227:
2174:Ager machine gun
2156:Winans Steam Gun
1985:P1839 and P1842
1933:Hall M1819 rifle
1584:
1577:
1570:
1561:
1556:
1539:
1523:
1514:
1495:
1476:
1467:
1458:
1436:
1417:
1398:
1372:
1366:
1357:
1351:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
995:
989:
983:
977:
971:
965:
959:
953:
947:
941:
935:
929:
923:
917:
908:
902:
896:
890:
884:
878:
872:
866:
860:
854:
584:Carriage weight
569:
537:David S. Stanley
266:. As with other
145:
33:
24:
19:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2471:Paper cartridge
2451:Friction primer
2418:
2402:
2388:Paixhans cannon
2383:Dahlgren cannon
2358:
2349:
2259:Siege artillery
2257:
2248:
2216:
2160:
2138:Ketchum Grenade
2123:Congreve rocket
2103:
1855:
1674:
1593:
1588:
1542:
1533:
1530:
1528:Further reading
1517:
1511:
1498:
1492:
1479:
1470:
1461:
1455:
1439:
1433:
1420:
1414:
1401:
1395:
1383:
1380:
1375:
1367:
1360:
1352:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1325:
1321:
1313:
1309:
1302:
1298:
1290:
1286:
1278:
1274:
1266:
1262:
1254:
1250:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1206:
1202:
1194:
1190:
1182:
1178:
1170:
1166:
1158:
1154:
1146:
1142:
1134:
1130:
1122:
1118:
1110:
1106:
1098:
1094:
1086:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1046:
1038:
1034:
1026:
1022:
1014:
1010:
1002:
998:
990:
986:
978:
974:
966:
962:
954:
950:
942:
938:
930:
926:
918:
911:
903:
899:
891:
887:
879:
875:
867:
863:
855:
842:
838:
593:Range 5° elev.
564:
558:
533:Dabney H. Maury
524:Martin E. Green
425:
367:
341:
300:
189:
177:
150:
78:
66:In service
61:Service history
40:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2515:
2513:
2505:
2504:
2494:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2476:Percussion cap
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2436:.56-56 Spencer
2433:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2408:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2364:
2362:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2342:
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2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2263:
2261:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2233:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2146:Rains landmine
2143:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1869:
1867:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1684:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1665:Mameluke sword
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1540:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1515:
1509:
1496:
1490:
1477:
1468:
1459:
1453:
1441:Cozzens, Peter
1437:
1431:
1418:
1412:
1399:
1393:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1371:, p. 217.
1358:
1343:
1331:
1319:
1307:
1296:
1284:
1282:, p. 249.
1272:
1260:
1258:, p. 168.
1248:
1236:
1234:, p. 113.
1224:
1222:, p. 143.
1212:
1200:
1188:
1176:
1174:, p. 129.
1164:
1162:, p. 112.
1152:
1140:
1138:, p. 139.
1128:
1126:, p. 108.
1116:
1104:
1102:, p. 110.
1092:
1080:
1068:
1056:
1054:, p. 142.
1044:
1042:, p. 153.
1032:
1030:, p. 125.
1020:
1008:
996:
994:, p. 237.
984:
982:, p. 298.
972:
960:
958:, p. 119.
948:
936:
924:
922:, p. 117.
909:
897:
885:
873:
861:
859:, p. 109.
839:
837:
834:
831:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
803:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
777:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
751:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
725:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
699:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
673:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
647:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
621:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
595:
594:
591:
590:Charge weight
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
560:Main article:
557:
554:
542:Union General
502:built several
451:had none. The
424:
421:
366:
365:Specifications
363:
340:
337:
299:
296:
280:shrapnel shell
268:Parrott rifles
246:
245:
242:
238:
237:
234:
228:
227:
224:
220:
219:
218:Muzzle loading
216:
210:
209:
206:
202:
201:
198:
192:
191:
186:
179:
178:
174:
173:
170:
166:
165:
162:
158:
157:
156:Specifications
153:
152:
147:
140:
139:
136:
132:
131:
128:
127:Unit cost
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
46:
42:
41:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2514:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2446:Canister shot
2444:
2442:
2441:Buck and ball
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:and equipment
2417:
2413:
2409:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2356:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:Rains grenade
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:Adams grenade
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:Other weapons
2106:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1655:M1860 cutlass
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1599:Edged weapons
1596:
1592:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1573:
1571:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1510:0-89096-623-0
1506:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1491:0-252-07210-3
1487:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1454:0-8078-5783-1
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1432:0-306-81145-6
1428:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1394:0-89009-571-X
1390:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1356:, p. 25.
1355:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1341:, p. 77.
1340:
1335:
1332:
1329:, p. 66.
1328:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1249:
1246:, p. 37.
1245:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1213:
1210:, p. 77.
1209:
1204:
1201:
1198:, p. 79.
1197:
1192:
1189:
1186:, p. 75.
1185:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1153:
1150:, p. 91.
1149:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1081:
1078:, p. 56.
1077:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1009:
1006:, p. 24.
1005:
1000:
997:
993:
988:
985:
981:
976:
973:
969:
964:
961:
957:
952:
949:
946:, p. 83.
945:
940:
937:
933:
928:
925:
921:
916:
914:
910:
907:, p. 94.
906:
901:
898:
894:
889:
886:
883:, p. 77.
882:
877:
874:
871:, p. 75.
870:
865:
862:
858:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
841:
835:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
808:
804:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
778:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
752:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
726:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
700:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
674:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
648:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
622:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
596:
570:
563:
555:
553:
550:
545:
540:
538:
534:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
492:
490:
486:
482:
479:. During the
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
455:(Taft's) and
454:
450:
446:
442:
434:
429:
422:
420:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
401:Canister shot
397:
395:
394:canister shot
390:
388:
384:
379:
371:
364:
362:
360:
355:
354:Rome, Georgia
350:
345:
338:
336:
333:
327:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
297:
295:
293:
289:
285:
284:canister shot
282:(case shot),
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
243:
239:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
197:
193:
187:
184:
180:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
154:
148:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
122:
119:
115:
111:
107:
104:
101:
97:
92:
89:
86:
82:
77:United States
76:
72:
68:
64:
59:
56:United States
55:
51:
48:Rifled cannon
47:
43:
38:
32:
27:
20:
2329:
1986:
1953:
1952:Jenks M1841
1544:
1500:
1481:
1444:
1422:
1413:0-517-402351
1403:
1384:
1339:Coggins 1983
1334:
1327:Coggins 1983
1322:
1310:
1299:
1292:Cozzens 1997
1287:
1280:Cozzens 1997
1275:
1268:Cozzens 1997
1263:
1256:Cozzens 1997
1251:
1244:Cozzens 1997
1239:
1227:
1215:
1203:
1191:
1179:
1167:
1155:
1143:
1131:
1119:
1112:Coggins 1983
1107:
1095:
1088:Downey 2019a
1083:
1071:
1059:
1047:
1035:
1023:
1016:Downey 2019b
1011:
999:
987:
975:
963:
951:
939:
927:
900:
888:
876:
864:
806:
587:Shot weight
581:Tube weight
578:Tube length
572:Description
541:
493:
438:
417:
399:When firing
398:
391:
380:
376:
346:
342:
328:
301:
272:wrought iron
251:
249:
117:Manufacturer
74:Used by
1617:Bowie knife
893:Morgan 2002
494:Before the
339:Manufacture
146: built
2466:Minié ball
2416:cartridges
2412:Ammunition
1987:Brown Bess
1378:References
383:round shot
319:round shot
298:Background
288:solid shot
2456:Gunpowder
2431:.44 Henry
2426:.22 Short
2222:Artillery
2118:Coach gun
1315:Cole 2002
1160:Cole 2002
1148:Cole 2002
1136:Cole 2002
1124:Cole 2002
1100:Cole 2002
1076:Cole 2002
1064:Cole 2002
1052:Cole 2002
1040:Cole 2002
1028:Cole 2002
992:Cole 2002
980:Cole 2002
944:Cole 2002
905:Cole 2002
881:Cole 2002
869:Cole 2002
323:gunpowder
256:cast iron
138:1861–1864
112:1859–1860
69:1861–1865
2496:Category
2151:Sea mine
1954:Mule ear
1680:Sidearms
1553:12668104
1443:(1997).
575:Caliber
504:lunettes
477:IX Corps
223:Carriage
135:Produced
109:Designed
99:Designer
2231:Mortars
1956:carbine
1865:muskets
1612:Bayonet
461:V Corps
439:At the
423:History
205:Barrels
196:Caliber
2481:Ramrod
1989:musket
1861:Rifles
1551:
1507:
1488:
1451:
1429:
1410:
1391:
315:Bronze
254:was a
214:Action
185:weight
169:Length
2355:Naval
2254:Field
836:Notes
407:or a
359:Macon
276:shell
183:Shell
130:$ 380
1863:and
1549:OCLC
1505:ISBN
1486:ISBN
1449:ISBN
1427:ISBN
1408:ISBN
1389:ISBN
347:The
250:The
161:Mass
84:Wars
45:Type
2357:and
2256:and
389:.
309:in
144:No.
2498::
2414:,
1361:^
1346:^
912:^
843:^
491:.
463:.
278:,
1583:e
1576:t
1569:v
1555:.
1513:.
1494:.
1457:.
1435:.
1416:.
1397:.
1090:.
1018:.
895:.
208:1
39:.
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