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a mess of blood and excrement. They threw her on top of two other people. They were not moving, and Lena Zuhlke drowsily asked them if they were alive. They did not reply, and she lay there on her back, unable to move her right arm, unable to stop her left arm and her legs twitching, blood seeping out of her head wounds. A group of police officers walked by, and each one lifted the bandana which concealed his identity, leaned down and spat on her face. Many victims of the raid were taken to the San
Martino hospital, where police officers walked up and down the corridors, slapping their clubs into the palms of their hands, ordering the injured not to move around or look out of the window, keeping handcuffs on many of them and then, often with injuries still untended, shipping them across the city to join scores of others, from the Diaz school and from the street demonstrations, detained at the detention centre in the city's Bolzaneto district.
175:
building, kicking and battering prone occupants. In one corridor, police ordered a group of young men and women to kneel, so that they could batter them around the head and shoulders more easily. Here, Daniel
Albrecht, a 21-year-old cello student from Berlin, had his head beaten so badly that he needed surgery to stop bleeding in his brain. The police also used humiliation to cow the occupants of the school. An officer who stood spread-legged in front of a kneeling and injured woman, grabbed his groin and thrust it into her face. Another who paused amid the beatings and took a knife to cut off hair from his victims, including Nicola Doherty; the constant shouting of insults; the officer who asked a group if they were OK and who reacted to the one who said "No" by handing out an extra beating.
30:
192:
felt-tip crosses on each cheek, and many were forced to walk between two parallel lines of officers who kicked and beat them. Most were herded into large cells, holding up to 30 people. Here, they were forced to stand for long periods, facing the wall with their hands up high and their legs spread. Those who failed to hold the position were shouted at, slapped and beaten. A prisoner with an artificial leg and, unable to hold the stress position, collapsed and was rewarded with two bursts of pepper spray in his face and, later, a particularly savage beating.
154:
Covell, one policeman kicked him in the chest, breaking half-a-dozen ribs whose splintered ends then shredded the membrane of his left lung, and laughed. Other policemen kicked him around, breaking his hand and damaging his spine. The police then used an armoured police van to break through the school gates and 150 policemen, wearing crash helmets and carrying truncheons and shields, entered the school compound.
299:
camp commander, Biagio
Gugliotta, were given jail sentences ranging from five months to five years. However, none served any portion of their sentence. While the verdict did not lead to the punishment of the offenders, it did help victims claim compensation. Since torture is not present in Italy’s code, officers alleged to have tortured demonstrators have never been charged with torture.
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indiscriminately. A 65-year-old woman's arm was broken. Melanie
Jonasch, a 28-year-old archaeology student from Berlin, was attacked by officers set upon her, beating her head so hard that she rapidly lost consciousness. When she fell to the ground, officers circled her, beating and kicking her limp body, banging her head against a nearby cupboard, leaving her in a pool of blood.
163:
140:
attacked those who were in the school, injuring 82 people out of a total of 93 arrested. Among the arrested, 63 were taken to hospital and 19 were taken to the police station of
Bolzaneto. According to the reconstruction of events given in subsequent investigations, evidence was planted after the raid to justify the brutality of the raid. Senior police officers planted two
203:
Men and women with dreadlocks had their hair roughly cut off to the scalp. One detainee, Marco
Bistacchia was taken to an office, stripped naked, made to get down on all fours and told to bark like a dog and to shout "Viva la polizia Italiana!" He was sobbing too much to obey. An unnamed officer told
195:
Prisoners who answered back were met with violence. One of them, Stefan Bauer, answered a question from a German-speaking guard and said he was from the
European Union and he had the right to go where he wanted. He was hauled out, beaten, sprayed with pepper spray, stripped naked and put under a cold
153:
The raid started a few minutes before midnight, when policemen massed outside the school. A police officer attacked
British journalist Mark Covell, who tried to tell them he was a journalist. Within seconds, more policemen joined in the attack, beating him with nightsticks to the ground. According to
302:
On
September 21, 2012, the Italian interior ministry awarded Mark Cowell €350,000 (£280,000 or US$ 454,265) in an out-of-court settlement. Cowell had suffered broken ribs, smashed teeth and a shredded lung in the attack, and had spent the better part of a decade traveling between the UK and Italy to
289:
On the night of the raid, a force of 59 police entered the building opposite the Diaz
Pertini, where Covell and others had been running their Indymedia centre and where, crucially, a group of lawyers had been based, gathering evidence about police attacks on the earlier demonstrations. Officers went
182:
Police officers found a fire extinguisher and squirted its foam into the wounds of an injured occupant. Other occupants were thrown down the stairs head-first. Eventually, they dragged all occupants into the ground-floor hall, where they had gathered dozens of prisoners from all over the building in
178:
A few escaped, at least for a while. Karl Boro made it up on to the roof but then made the mistake of coming back into the building, where he was treated to heavy bruising to his arms and legs, a fractured skull, and bleeding in his chest cavity. Jaroslaw Engel, from Poland, managed to use builders'
174:
All occupants of the ground floor were seriously injured. In the first-floor corridor, some occupants decided to lie down on the ground to show that they offered no resistance. Nonetheless, police beat them and kicked them when they arrived. Soon, there were police officers on all four floors of the
93:
Prior to the raid, there had been several clashes between demonstrators and security forces. Several protesters were sleeping in the school. The numbers and designation of the security forces involved in the raid are still unknown, as they wore ski masks to hide their identities. The Court of Appeal
89:
were tortured and humiliated before being released. The raid resulted in the trial of 125 policemen, including managers and supervisors, for what was termed a beating from "Mexican butchery" by the assistant chief Michelangelo Fournier. None of the accused police officers were punished due to delays
298:
Fifteen Italian police officers and doctors were sentenced to jail for brutally mistreating detainees at the Bolzaneto holding camp. However, none of them actually served prison terms because the convictions and sentences were wiped out by a statute of limitations. Those found guilty, including the
262:
At the same press conference, police displayed an array of what they described as weaponry. This included crowbars, hammers and nails which they themselves had taken from a builder's store next to the school; aluminium rucksack frames, which they presented as offensive weapons; 17 cameras; 13 pairs
191:
Prisoners at the temporary detention facility in Bolzaneto were forced to say "Viva il duce." and sing fascist songs: "Un, due, tre. Viva Pinochet!" The 222 people who were held at Bolzaneto were treated to a regime later described by public prosecutors as torture. On arrival, they were marked with
145:
slash in his bulletproof vest, claiming he was knifed by a violent demonstrator. However, the knife was never identified. He was later convicted of forgery and defamation, and it was later revealed that he cut his own vest to claim resistors were violent, and thus justify the brutality of the raid.
144:
recovered elsewhere in the school, delivered to them by General Valerio Donnini that afternoon. Police also planted construction tools, hammers and knives from a nearby construction site and claimed they belonged to anarchist groups housed in the building. A police officer, Massimo Nucera, showed a
139:
did not actively participate in the raid, but limited themselves to surround the perimeter and areas adjacent to the school. Mark Covell, a British journalist, was the first person who met the police outside the building and was assaulted, leaving him in a coma. During the raid the police violently
219:
Ester Percivati, a young Turkish woman, recalled guards calling her a whore as she was marched to the toilet, where a woman officer forced her head down into the bowl and a male jeered "Nice arse! Would you like a truncheon up it?" Several women reported threats of rape. Finally, the police forced
250:
While his citizens were being beaten and tormented in illegal detention, spokesmen for the then prime minister, Tony Blair, declared: "The Italian police had a difficult job to do. The prime minister believes that they did that job." Blair's refusal to criticise police violence was condemned by
199:
The detainees were given few or no blankets, kept awake by guards, given little or no food and denied their statutory right to make phone calls and see a lawyer. They could hear crying and screaming from other cells. Police doctors at the facility also participated in the torture, using ritual
254:
While the bloody bodies were being carried out of the Diaz Pertini building on stretchers, police told reporters that the ambulances lined up in the street were nothing to do with the raid. They also claimed that the school building was being used as a makeshift hospital by anarchists who had
238:
wrote a story accusing Covell of helping mastermind the riots. Covell contended the story was false, but was in no financial position to sue for libel. However, he was able to get legal aid to sue for invasion of privacy. Covell argued that under the Convention on Human Rights and the Italian
321:
on 22 June 2017 ruled that the Italian police involved in the raid and subsequent detention were guilty of torture, denouncing what it called a "particularly serious and cruel" police raid. The state of Italy was ordered to pay damages to the victims in the order of €45,000–55,000 EUR each.
170:
For the raid, police wore masks to hinder identification. Most occupants of the building were in their sleeping bags, and many raised their arms in surrender when they realised the police were breaking into the building. However, police attacked the crowds with truncheons, beating everyone
84:
The police indiscriminately attacked the building's occupants, resulting in the arrest of 93 peaceful protesters; 61 were seriously injured and were taken to hospital, three of them were in a critical condition and one in a coma. Prisoners taken to a temporary detention facility in
258:
The next day, senior officers held a press conference at which they announced that everybody in the building would be charged with aggressive resistance to arrest and conspiracy to cause destruction. Later, Italian courts dismissed all charges against everyone.
263:
of swimming goggles; 10 pen-knives; and a bottle of sun-tan lotion. They also displayed two Molotov cocktails which had been found by police earlier in the day in another part of the city and planted in the Diaz Pertini building as the raid ended.
179:
scaffolding to get out of the school, but he was caught in the street by some police drivers who smashed him over the head, laid him on the ground and stood over him smoking while his blood ran out across the tarmac.
200:
humiliation, threats of rape and deprivation of water, food, sleep and medical care. A prisoner named Richard Moth was given stitches in his head and legs without anaesthetics, which made the procedure painful.
243:
initially stood by its reporting. However, when it became apparent that the paper stood no chance in court, it agreed to pay damages to Covell and reimburse him for his legal expenses. Managing editor
135:, took place a few minutes before midnight when most guests were already asleep. The raid was initiated by mobile police units from Rome, followed by more units from Genoa and Milan. Battalions of the
220:
their captives to sign statements, waiving all their legal rights. One man, David Larroquelle, testified that he refused to sign the statements. Police broke three of his ribs for his disobedience.
1138:
111:
at the 2001 G8 and ordered compensation for a protester beaten by the police. Earlier, the Italian government compensated a British journalist who had been beaten by the police.
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311:
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into the lawyers' room, threatened the occupants, smashed their computers and seized hard drives. They also removed anything containing photographs or video tape.
409:
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29:
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constitution, he had a reasonable expectation of privacy in his hospital room, and Morris breached it by entering his room under false pretense. The
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99:
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1005:
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of the European Convention on Human Rights in the Cestaro v. Italy trial and found the Italian legislation against torture to be inadequate.
546:
513:
Briton beaten by Genoa police wins €350,000 compensation. Covell successful following 11-year legal battle waged after 2001 Genoa assault
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108:
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and lawyers affiliated with the Genoa Social Forum, was also raided. On July 21, 2001, shortly before midnight, mobile divisions of the
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of Genoa stated that "346 policemen, in addition to 149 Carabinieri officers were involved in the raid of the school buildings."
353:
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in the investigation and incompleteness of Italian laws under which torture was not recognised as a crime in 2001.
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shower. His clothes were taken away and he was returned to the freezing cell wearing only a flimsy hospital gown.
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62:
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pursue his case. In return, he dropped his Court of Human Rights case against the Italian government.
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354:"L'incubo della Diaz, botte calci e sangue ("The nightmare of Diaz, beating, kicking and blood")"
132:
58:
54:
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that he had seen police officers urinating on prisoners and beating them for refusing to sing
141:
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The British journalist Covell was photographed with his wounds immediately after the raid by
66:
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where the attack and subsequent torture of detainees is recreated. On April 7, 2015, the
17:
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journalist Lucie Morris, who bribed Italian police to approach him. Soon afterward, the
930:
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attacked policemen, and many of the injured in the building had pre-existing injuries.
42:
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1032:"Judgment Cestaro v. Italia - police violence and inadequate Italian criminal law"
491:
G8 di Genova, i 4 giorni dell’Italia senza democrazia. Parla Zucca, pm della Diaz
136:
78:
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attacked the buildings, with the operational support of some battalions of the
230:
976:
846:
768:
713:
638:
586:
382:"G8, Fournier: "Sembrava una macelleria" ("It looked like a butcher's shop")"
984:
854:
776:
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86:
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called the mainstream reporting of Genoa "lazy journalism". CNN president
547:“Macelleria” G-8. Troppi silenzi e omertà . La grande voglia di archiviare
278:
replied that the independent journalism coming out of the protests was
131:
The police raid on the school, which housed protesters linked to the
46:
1058:"Rights courts finds Italy guilty of torture at 2001 Genoa summit"
798:
161:
74:
50:
61:. A nearby building, housing the anti-globalization organization
70:
444:
747:"Genoa riots: 15 guilty of G8 brutality will not go to jail"
166:
Blood on the walls of the school after the raid. (Indymedia)
53:. The school building was the temporary headquarters of the
472:"Briton beaten by Genoa police wins €350,000 compensation"
440:"Italian police 'tortured' Genoa G8 protester, says ECHR"
33:
Sandro Pertini State High School ex Diaz Schools of Genoa
1006:"Italy: Still no justice 10 years after the Genoa G8"
877:"La notte dei pestaggi ("The night of the beatings")"
270:
2001, alternative news journalist Paul O'Connor from
465:
463:
251:British protesters on their expulsion from Italy.
247:also wrote a private letter of apology to Covell.
740:
738:
502:«Al G8 la più grave violazione dei diritti umani»
410:"Le motivazioni della sentenza di secondo grado"
8:
1139:Attacks on buildings and structures in Italy
1144:Attacks on buildings and structures in 2001
669:
667:
665:
663:
268:Edinburgh International Television Festival
799:"Systematic Torture by the Italian Police"
416:(in Italian). 18 May 2010. Archived from
97:The raid is the subject of the 2012 film
28:
470:Tom Kington; John Hooper (2012-09-21).
345:
158:Nature of police action during the raid
115:defined the raid as "the most serious
310:condemned Italy for the violation of
7:
692:"Police hit hard at core of dissent"
905:"Daily Mail bribed police officers"
187:Treatment of prisoners at Bolzaneto
109:European Convention on Human Rights
515:. By Tom Kington and John Hooper.
294:Investigations and judicial action
107:ruled that Italy had violated the
25:
955:"Statement from Genoa protesters"
935:"When the Mail got the wrong man"
825:"Doctors accused of G8 brutality"
39:raid on the "Armando Diaz" School
823:Carroll, Rory (15 August 2001).
333:Diaz – Don't Clean Up This Blood
285:Attack on the Indymedia building
216:, a Mussolini-era fascist song.
100:Diaz – Don't Clean Up This Blood
43:27th G8 meeting in Genoa in 2001
615:Foot, Matt (15 November 2008).
280:"an antidote to that laziness".
1062:European Court of Human Rights
1036:European Court of Human Rights
319:European Court of Human Rights
308:European Court of Human Rights
224:Media and government reactions
105:European Court of Human Rights
1:
1134:Police brutality in the 2000s
1064:. 22 Jun 2017. Archived from
875:Preve, Marco (26 July 2001).
745:Hooper, John (16 July 2008).
563:Davies, Nick (16 July 2008).
531:La sentenza sulla scuola Diaz
119:suspension in Europe", after
1119:Human rights abuses in Italy
690:Vidal, John (23 July 2001).
565:"The Bloody Battle of Genoa"
1160:
1129:Law enforcement operations
1109:Police brutality in Europe
674:The bloody battle of Genoa
390:(in Italian). 13 June 2007
362:(in Italian). 10 July 2011
1114:July 2001 events in Italy
18:2001 Raid on Armando Diaz
533:. By Davide Ilarietti.
414:Court of Appeal of Genoa
549:. By Valter Vecellio.
306:On April 7, 2015, the
204:the Italian newspaper
167:
41:took place during the
34:
1124:21st century in Genoa
1010:Amnesty International
617:"No justice in Genoa"
165:
149:Beginning of the raid
113:Amnesty International
32:
797:Yuen, Eddie (2013).
521:, 21 September 2012.
45:in the district of
911:. 14 December 2011
676:. By Nick Davies.
272:Undercurrents news
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133:Genoa Social Forum
59:Vittorio Agnoletto
55:Genoa Social Forum
35:
142:Molotov cocktails
16:(Redirected from
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1068:on June 22, 2017
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971:. 26 July 2001.
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1038:. 7 April 2015
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1012:. 19 July 2011
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933:(2005-01-24).
931:Roy Greenslade
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448:. 7 April 2015
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882:la Repubblica
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1070:. Retrieved
1066:the original
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960:The Guardian
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913:. Retrieved
909:UK Indymedia
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887:. Retrieved
885:(in Italian)
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858:. Retrieved
830:The Guardian
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806:. Retrieved
803:stallman.org
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780:. Retrieved
752:The Guardian
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598:. Retrieved
570:The Guardian
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551:Articolo 21
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518:The Guardian
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477:The Guardian
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450:. Retrieved
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418:the original
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364:. Retrieved
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