592:. Further inland and farther from the epicenter, intensity IV shaking made tall buildings sway in Jakarta, but at some coastal villages where many of the casualties occurred, the shaking was not felt as strong. An informal survey of 67 people that were present at the time revealed that in at least eight cases, individuals stated that they did not feel the earthquake at all (a typical M7.7 earthquake would have been distinctly noticed at those distances). The unusually low felt intensities, along with the short period body wave magnitudes, were components of the event that narrowed its classification into that of a
45:
68:
1105:. Semi-permanent timber or bamboo structures that were based on a wooden frame were the most economical style of construction that were assessed following the disaster. A tsunami flow depth of 2 m (6 ft 7 in) usually resulted in complete destruction of these types of structures. A group of scientists that evaluated the damage considered the unreinforced brick construction as weak, because the performance of homes constructed in that style did not fare much better than the timber/bamboo variety.
484:
29:
1134:
374:, where damage was heavy and a large loss of life occurred. Since the shock was felt with only moderate intensity well inland, and even less so at the shore, the surge arrived with little or no warning. Other factors contributed to the tsunami being largely undetected until it was too late, and although a tsunami watch was posted by an American tsunami warning center and a Japanese meteorological center, no information was delivered to people at the coast.
1170:
government was cited as the first responder for water, relocation and medical assistance, and helping with the deceased. For rescue, shelter, clothing, and locating missing people, individuals were listed as the primary provider, but 100% of those surveyed replied that the government should be responsible for relief. Most of those requiring aid stated that they were given effective assistance within 48 hours and that they were satisfied with the help.
605:
2788:
75:
52:
1040:, though in that case it was at a much greater distance of 5,000 kilometers (3,100 mi). Within three weeks of the event, scientists from five different countries were on the ground in Java performing a survey of the affected areas, including gathering runup (height above normal sea level) and inundation (distance the surge moved inland from the shore) measurements.
704:
posted a tsunami watch, based on the occurrence of a M7.2 earthquake. The bulletin came within 30 minutes of the shock, but there was no means to transmit the warning to the people on the coast that needed to know. Many of those who felt the earthquake responded by moving away from the shore, but not
665:
of 7.0 when analyzing short period seismic signals. When longer period signals of around 250 seconds were investigated, the shock was reevaluated to have a moment magnitude of 7.6, with a hypothesis that the slow nature of the slip of the event may have concealed its substantial extent. Sediment was
1169:
laborers, and fishermen (or those with fishing-related occupations) that were affected by the tsunami. Almost two thirds of the group reported that they lived in permanent structures made of wood, brick, or cement, while the remainder lived in semi-permanent facilities made from earth or stone. The
1116:
Many wooden cafes and shops within 20 meters (66 ft) of the shore were completely removed by the tsunami at
Pangandaran, and severe damage still occurred to unreinforced masonry that was within several hundred meters, but some hotels that were constructed well held up better. The villages of
555:
In tsunami prone regions, strong earthquakes serve as familiar warnings, and this is especially true for earthquakes in
Indonesia. Previous estimates of the tsunami hazard for the Java coastline may have minimized the risk to the area, and to the northwest along the Sumatran coast, the risk is
501:
faulting at the Sunda Trench. A rupture length of approximately 200 kilometers (120 mi) (and an unusually low rupture velocity of 1–1.5 km (0.62–0.93 mi) per second) resulted in a duration of about 185 seconds (just over three minutes) for the event. The shock was centered 50
1601:
Fritz, H. M.; Kongo, W.; Moore, A.; McAdoo, B.; Goff, J.; Harbitz, C.; Uslu, B.; Kalligeris, N.; Suteja, D.; Kalsum, K.; Titov, V.; Gusman, A.; Latief, H.; Santoso, E.; Sujoko, S.; Djulkarnaen, D.; Sunendar, H.; Synolakis, C. (2007), "Extreme runup from the 17 July 2006 tsunami",
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illustrate the need for an accurate assessment of the threat. The July 2006 earthquake had an unusually slow rupture velocity which resulted in minor shaking on land for around three minutes, but the intensity was very light relative to the size of the tsunami that followed.
666:
thought to have contributed to a slower rupture, due to a lubrication effect at the plate interface, with the result being an earthquake signature that had abundant long period seismic signals, which could be an important factor in the tsunami-generation process.
1149:, but wanted to avoid panic, and did not attempt to disseminate the advisories to the public. Virtually no time was available to make that sort of effort (had the intention been to communicate the danger with the public) because some community leaders were sent
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of
Indonesia, due to the three high security prisons that are located at the town of Permisan. Of all the measurements taken during the post-tsunami survey, the highest runup heights (10–21 m (33–69 ft)) were seen on the island behind a beach, where
1023:
A 300 km (190 mi) portion of the southwest and south-central Java coast was affected by the tsunami, and resulted in around 600 fatalities, with a high concentration in
Pangandaran. Two thousand kilometers (1,200 mi) to the southeast at the
1072:
in the area supported a proposition that a canyon slope failure or an underwater landslide may have contributed to or focused the tsunami energy at that location. Nineteen farmers and one prisoner were killed there, but the deep water port of
366:) were typically 5–7 meters (16–23 ft) and resulted in the deaths of more than 600 people. Other factors may have contributed to exceptionally high peak runups of 10–21 m (33–69 ft) on the small and mostly uninhabited island of
723:
The earthquake and tsunami came on a Monday afternoon, a day after many more people were present on the beach, due to a major national holiday. The waves came a few tens of minutes after the shock (and were a surprise, even to
471:) is around 50° and extends to a depth of approximately 600 kilometers (370 mi). Pre-instrumental events were the large to very large events of 1840, 1867, and 1875, but unlike the northwestern Sumatra segment, no
732:
which, along with the wind waves, masked the initial withdrawal of the sea as the tsunami drew near. Most portions of the south Java coast saw runup heights of 5–7 meters (16–23 ft), but evidence on the island of
1703:
Kato, T.; Ito, T.; Abidin, H. Z.; Agustan (2007), "Preliminary report on crustal deformation surveys and tsunami measurements caused by the July 17, 2006 South off Java Island
Earthquake and Tsunami, Indonesia",
1153:
with pertinent information only minutes prior to the arrival of the first waves. The tsunami affected the coast of Java comprising mostly fishing villages and beach resorts that were unscathed following the
1121:
within 150 meters (490 ft) of the water line, and even 300–500 m (980–1,640 ft) further inland there were many buildings that were totally destroyed. Witnesses reported that waves were
1117:
Batu Hiu and Batu Kara, both to the west of
Pangandaran, experienced similar damage. Other severe damage was seen at Marsawah village, Bulakbenda, where all buildings had been removed down to their
650:
or a similar environment with "deficient mechanical properties", and as standalone events they can occur in the presence of irregular contacts at the plate interface in a zone that lacks sediment.
522:
1089:
Since the earthquake caused only minor ground movement, and was only lightly felt, all the damage that occurred on the island was due to the tsunami. Types of buildings that were affected were
1047:(30 km × 4 km (18.6 mi × 2.5 mi)) sits on the south coast of Java and is separated from the main island by a narrow strait. It is a large and mostly uninhabited
331:
and largest city of
Indonesia. There were no direct effects of the earthquake's shaking due to its low intensity, and the large loss of life from the event was due to the resulting
705:
with any urgency. The withdrawal of the sea that exposed an additional 5–10 meters (16–33 ft) of beach created an even more significant warning sign, but in some locations
1654:
2217:
44:
67:
1859:
693:
675:
1930:
1773:
Fan, W.; Bassett, D.; Jiang, J.; Shearer, P. M.; Ji, C. (2017), "Rupture evolution of the 2006 Java tsunami earthquake and the possible role of splay faults",
192:
502:
kilometers (31 mi) from the trench, and about 180 kilometers (110 mi) from the south coast of the island. A comparison was made with the earlier
1165:
Trained research teams were already on the ground on Java responding to the May earthquake and began a survey of more than one hundred Muslim farmers,
1864:
1672:
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1155:
1037:
417:
336:
1850:
937:
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813:
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is occurring at a rate of 6 centimeters (2.4 in) per year in the west portion and 4.9 cm (1.9 in) per year in the east, and the
2321:
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2813:
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1902:
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1158:, and was also only several hundred kilometers distant from the region that saw heavy destruction just several months prior during the
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and a tsunami that was unusually strong relative to the size of the earthquake were both factors that led to it being categorized as a
2542:
2431:
1268:
425:
102:
2522:
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indicated that a peak surge measuring 21 meters (69 ft) had occurred there, suggesting to researchers that the possibility of a
517:
The large and damaging tsunami that was generated was out of proportion relative to the size of the event, based on its short-period
421:
2823:
2336:
2203:
1923:
550:
433:
264:
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professor Emile Okal imparts that in the aftershock scenario, they can occur as a result of stress transfer from a mainshock to an
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2226:
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1826:
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and some houses and shops that were of reinforced brick construction were far better off, because units that were exposed to a
526:
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beneath
Indonesia. Three great earthquakes occurred in the span of three years to the northwest on the Sumatra portion of the
2833:
2828:
2562:
2537:
2117:
1540:"The south of Java earthquake of 1921 September 11: a negative search for a large interplate thrust event at the Java Trench"
1397:
Estimating the recurrence interval and behavior of tsunamis in the Indian Ocean via a survey of tsunami-related sedimentation
1142:
689:
1489:
Irsyam, M.; Dangkua, D. T.; Hendriyawan; Hoedajanto, D.; Hutapea, B. M; Kertapati, E. K.; Boen, T.; Petersen, M. D. (2008),
2699:
2613:
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2151:
1399:, Tsukuba International Congress Center: National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, p. 19
2778:
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2673:
2471:
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2361:
2019:
1916:
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2557:
1945:
1942:
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1868:
1179:
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701:
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subsequently revealed that a moment magnitude of 7.7 had been resolved based on even longer 150-second surface waves.
393:
2527:
2421:
2406:
2134:
2083:
2048:
2025:
1976:
1466:
1415:"Tsunami vulnerability of buildings and people in South Java – field observations after the July 2006 Java tsunami"
1159:
569:
91:
392:
The island of Java is the most densely populated island on Earth, and is vulnerable to both large earthquakes and
2808:
2724:
2704:
2663:
2638:
2567:
2426:
2366:
2351:
2280:
2240:
2168:
2013:
658:
335:, which inundated a 300 km (190 mi) portion of the Java coast that had been unaffected by the earlier
2572:
2552:
2547:
2456:
2376:
2371:
1993:
1817:
1118:
635:
316:
167:
1032:, a runup of 2 m (6 ft 7 in) was measured, which was comparable to a similar runup in northern
460:
1491:"Proposed seismic hazard maps of Sumatra and Java islands and microzonation study of Jakarta city, Indonesia"
1340:"Toward an integrated tsunami disaster mitigation: Lessons learned from previous tsunami events in Indonesia"
2719:
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2346:
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2316:
2311:
2285:
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2255:
2100:
1414:
643:
503:
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2714:
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2411:
2077:
1959:
1681:
685:
662:
534:
437:
429:
312:
529:(USGS) reported a similar value of 6.1 (both body wave magnitude) that were calculated from short-period
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2598:
2446:
2396:
2391:
2381:
2295:
2042:
1150:
617:
483:
472:
1873:
347:, 180 kilometers (110 mi) from the coast of Java, and had a duration of more than three minutes.
2745:
2709:
2633:
2628:
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2507:
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2441:
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2250:
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1429:
1313:
1229:
561:
507:
359:
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Officials in
Indonesia received information regarding the tsunami in the form of bulletins from the
28:
1133:
1102:
1068:
trees were mangled and uprooted up to 1,500 m (4,900 ft) from the shore. The (sea floor)
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468:
401:
328:
1846:
1835:
1629:
1521:
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Reese, S.; Cousins, W. J.; Power, W. L.; Palmer, N. G.; Tejakusuma, I. G.; Nugrahadi, S. (2007),
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1651:"Scientists report study results from 'stealth' tsunami that killed 600 in Java last summer"
1619:
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1513:
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1321:
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718:
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on the sea effectively concealed the withdrawal that signalled the approach of the tsunami.
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405:
367:
227:
1214:
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1074:
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639:
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441:
358:. Several thousand kilometers to the southeast, surges of several meters were observed in
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383:
1301:
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made ground contact during the initial 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) withdrawal.
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1392:
2740:
1878:
1840:
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One of the initial characterizations of tsunami earthquakes came from seismologist
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397:
351:
344:
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USGS ShakeMap showing the relatively light to moderate intensity on the island
409:
288:
1442:
1302:"Anatomy of the 17 July 2006 Java Earthquake Reveals Its Tsunamigenic Nature"
992:
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952:
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828:
815:
788:
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207:
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Tsunami earthquakes can be influenced by both the presence of (and lack of)
511:
475:
has occurred on the Java segment of the Sunda Trench in the last 300 years.
363:
308:
300:
242:
2195:
1836:'Stealth' Tsunami That Killed 600 In Java Last Summer Had 65 Foot High Wave
1758:
1908:
1884:
1325:
1077:(just to the east) was protected by the island, although one large moored
638:
in Mexico, or as standalone events that occur near the upper portion of a
1888:
1830:
1624:
1242:
1137:
A July 19 satellite image of the
Pangandaran coast showing tsunami debris
1061:
1057:
623:
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in the west to Bali Basin in the east. The convergence of relatively old
1847:
A comparison study of 2006 Java earthquake and other Tsunami earthquakes
1262:
1726:
1674:
The immediate response to the Java tsunami: Perceptions of the affected
1359:
581:
340:
332:
324:
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in the early 1970s, and additional clarity materialized following the
1803:
1094:
1090:
697:
557:
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The southeastern (Java) portion of the Sunda Trench extends from the
1113:
depth of 3–4 meters (9.8–13.1 ft) were considered repairable.
1110:
1106:
1098:
603:
514:
and at a shallow depth, but one that did not result in a tsunami.
482:
533:(1–2 seconds in the case of the USGS). The USGS then presented a
523:
Indonesian Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency
463:(the angle of the zone of seismicity that defines the down-going
1738:; Afnimar; Kurniawan, S.; Anaya, A. I.; Widiyantoro, S. (2010),
1033:
729:
537:
of 7.2 that was calculated from 5–100-second surface waves, and
238:
2199:
1912:
568:
The earthquake produced shaking at Pangandaran (where the M6.3
560:. Previous events along the coast of Java in 1921 and again in
74:
51:
741:
had contributed to the magnitude of the tsunami in that area.
33:
The beach and peninsula encompassing Pangandaran National Park
1740:"The 17 July 2006 Tsunami Earthquake in West Java, Indonesia"
1264:
ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2009)
608:
A tsunami surge of 5.98 m (19.6 ft) occurred near
1583:
1375:
1280:
1894:
688:
was not in operation at the time of the shock, but the
728:) and occurred when the sea level was approaching low
362:, but in Java the tsunami runups (height above normal
2776:
2183:
indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
1013:
343:. The July 2006 earthquake was also centered in the
2733:
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2581:
2490:
2304:
2233:
2161:
2144:
2127:
2110:
2093:
2061:
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2006:
1986:
1969:
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256:
248:
233:
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186:
178:
162:
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142:
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114:
101:
90:
16:
Destructive tsunami earthquake south of Java Island
556:substantially higher for tsunami, especially near
1338:Muhari, A.; Diposaptono, S.; Imamura, F. (2007),
1125:several hundred meters inland at that location.
1865:Deadly Java Tsunami Caused by Slow-Moving Quake
1860:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1680:, Fritz Institute, pp. 2–6, archived from
694:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
676:Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis
510:of a similar size that also occurred along the
2188:indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
1666:
1664:
307:, a large and densely populated island in the
2211:
1924:
1885:Indonesia’s 2 tsunami alert buoys were busted
1393:"Predecessors of the 2006 South Java Tsunami"
572:was felt more strongly) of intensity III–IV (
8:
1579:
1577:
315:of 7.7 and a maximum perceived intensity of
21:
1874:Officials failed to pass on tsunami warning
1391:Yulianto, E.; Setja Atmadja, C. M. (2009),
1371:
1369:
2218:
2204:
2196:
1931:
1917:
1909:
1386:
1384:
1215:"The 17 July 2006 Java tsunami earthquake"
27:
20:
1802:
1725:
1623:
1566:
1441:
1422:Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
1358:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1241:
370:, just to the east of the resort town of
168:
1856:Tsunami Event – July 17, 2006 South Java
1596:
1594:
1592:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1132:
1101:traditional, and brick traditional with
1038:2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
337:2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
2783:
1851:University of California, Santa Barbara
1454:
1452:
1408:
1406:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1196:
634:of megathrust earthquakes, like the M7
22:2006 Pangandaran earthquake and tsunami
659:1992 Nicaragua earthquake and tsunami
525:assigned a magnitude of 6.8, and the
148:WIB (Indonesia Western Standard Time)
7:
292:
1347:Journal of Natural Disaster Science
680:Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System
630:, and can be categorized as either
281:668 dead, 9,299 injured, 65 missing
1895:International Seismological Centre
1269:International Seismological Centre
1213:; Lay, T.; Velasco, A. A. (2006),
350:An abnormally slow rupture at the
14:
1547:Geophysical Journal International
1300:Kuenza, K.; Soon-Hoe, C. (2010),
551:Modified Mercalli intensity scale
497:The earthquake was the result of
2786:
1671:Bliss, D.; Campbell, J. (2007),
1568:10.1111/j.1365-246x.2012.05570.x
1185:List of earthquakes in Indonesia
661:, which was evaluated to have a
428:produced the largest release of
73:
66:
50:
43:
1827:In pictures: Indonesian tsunami
1822:United States Geological Survey
1818:M7.7 – south of Java, Indonesia
1647:Georgia Institute of Technology
1498:Journal of Earth System Science
527:United States Geological Survey
396:, due to its location near the
257:
1747:Seismological Research Letters
1306:Seismological Research Letters
1143:Pacific Tsunami Warning Center
690:Pacific Tsunami Warning Center
426:2007 M8.4 Mentawai earthquakes
291:occurred on July 17, 2006, at
1:
2839:July 2006 events in Indonesia
311:archipelago. The shock had a
2766:Flores Back Arc Thrust Fault
1604:Geophysical Research Letters
1222:Geophysical Research Letters
1051:, and is referred to as the
636:June 22, 1932 Cuyutlán event
2814:2006 disasters in Indonesia
1869:National Geographic Society
1795:10.1016/j.tecto.2017.10.003
1180:List of earthquakes in 2006
1147:Japan Meteorological Agency
1007:3.95 m (13.0 ft)
967:4.27 m (14.0 ft)
925:5.44 m (17.8 ft)
885:5.98 m (19.6 ft)
843:7.38 m (24.2 ft)
803:7.39 m (24.2 ft)
702:Japan Meteorological Agency
182:25.3 km (15.7 mi)
2865:
1467:Cambridge University Press
1462:Active Faults of the World
1160:2006 Yogyakarta earthquake
716:
673:
615:
570:2006 Yogyakarta earthquake
548:
490:
418:2004 M9.15 Sumatra–Andaman
381:
339:that was off the coast of
2609:2011 Aceh Singkil Regency
2594:May 2010 Northern Sumatra
2178:
1518:10.1007/s12040-008-0073-3
1469:, pp. 457, 462–464,
1156:2004 Indian Ocean tsunami
1011:
751:
402:convergent plate boundary
38:
26:
2824:Earthquakes in Indonesia
2227:Earthquakes in Indonesia
1443:10.5194/nhess-7-573-2007
440:series of shocks on the
1718:2007EP&S...59.1055K
644:Northwestern University
504:2002 Sumatra earthquake
422:2005 M8.7 Nias–Simeulue
131:July 17, 2006
2573:September 2009 Sumatra
2543:September 2007 Sumatra
2337:1931 Southwest Sumatra
2322:1913 Sulawesi–Mindanao
1759:10.1785/gssrl.78.2.201
1138:
752:Tsunami surge heights
686:tsunami warning system
663:surface wave magnitude
613:
488:
360:northwestern Australia
2834:Tsunamis in Indonesia
2829:Tsunamis in Australia
2654:19 August 2018 Lombok
2417:1984 Northern Sumatra
1326:10.1785/gssrl.81.1.99
1136:
993:7.76444°S 108.05972°E
953:7.69361°S 108.65167°E
911:7.69194°S 108.53583°E
871:7.66806°S 107.69056°E
829:7.68361°S 108.61194°E
789:7.69806°S 109.26417°E
618:Interplate earthquake
607:
486:
473:megathrust earthquake
430:elastic strain energy
82:Show map of Indonesia
2746:Great Sumatran fault
2649:5 August 2018 Lombok
2513:November 2004 Nabire
2503:February 2004 Nabire
2477:2000 Banggai Islands
1712:(9): 1, 055–1, 059,
1625:10.1029/2007gl029404
1538:Okal, E. A. (2012),
1243:10.1029/2006gl028005
580:), intensity III at
508:submarine earthquake
2849:Earthquakes in Java
2844:Tsunami earthquakes
2563:2009 Talaud Islands
2357:1943 Alahan Panjang
2332:1926 Padang Panjang
2026:Tasmania, Australia
1943:Earthquakes in 2006
1787:2017Tectp.721..143F
1706:Earth Planets Space
1616:2007GeoRL..3412602F
1559:2012GeoJI.190.1657O
1510:2008JESS..117..865I
1434:2007NHESS...7..573R
1428:(5): 573, 580–582,
1318:2010SeiRL..81...99K
1234:2006GeoRL..3324308A
1103:reinforced concrete
998:-7.76444; 108.05972
989: /
958:-7.69361; 108.65167
949: /
916:-7.69194; 108.53583
907: /
876:-7.66806; 107.69056
867: /
834:-7.68361; 108.61194
825: /
794:-7.69806; 109.26417
785: /
739:submarine landslide
519:body wave magnitude
469:convergent boundary
293:15:19:27 local time
204: /
97:2006-07-17 08:19:26
23:
2700:2021 West Sulawesi
2589:April 2010 Sumatra
2538:March 2007 Sumatra
2523:2005 Nias–Simeulue
1903:authoritative data
1727:10.1186/bf03352046
1459:Yeats, R. (2012),
1360:10.2328/jnds.29.13
1139:
1064:plants, and large
648:accretionary wedge
614:
594:tsunami earthquake
539:Harvard University
489:
408:tectonic plate is
394:volcanic eruptions
356:tsunami earthquake
146:15:19 local time (
2774:
2773:
2720:2022 West Sumatra
2679:2019 Sunda Strait
2674:2019 North Maluku
2614:2012 Indian Ocean
2518:2004 Indian Ocean
2472:1999 Sunda Strait
2467:1998 North Maluku
2362:1943 Central Java
2193:
2192:
1653:(Press release).
1649:(June 18, 2007).
1476:978-0-521-19085-5
1030:western Australia
1021:
1020:
1017:
692:(operated by the
299:off the coast of
285:
284:
2856:
2809:2006 earthquakes
2791:
2790:
2789:
2782:
2751:Sunda megathrust
2644:July 2018 Lombok
2533:2006 Pangandaran
2220:
2213:
2206:
2197:
2016:(6.6–7.6, April)
1933:
1926:
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1910:
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1689:
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1686:
1679:
1668:
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1643:
1637:
1636:
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1598:
1587:
1584:Mori et al. 2010
1581:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1553:(3): 1657–1659,
1544:
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1376:Mori et al. 2010
1373:
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1281:Mori et al. 2010
1278:
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1014:Kato et al. 2007
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749:
719:List of tsunamis
535:moment magnitude
493:Thrust tectonics
444:/Alaska Trench.
378:Tectonic setting
313:moment magnitude
294:
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59:Show map of Java
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2761:Palu-Koro Fault
2729:
2688:
2577:
2558:2009 West Papua
2528:2006 Yogyakarta
2486:
2422:1989 Irian Jaya
2407:1981 Irian Jaya
2300:
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2224:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2174:
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2140:
2123:
2106:
2089:
2057:
2031:
2002:
1982:
1965:
1960:Southern Greece
1948:
1937:
1905:for this event.
1814:
1772:
1769:
1767:Further reading
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1504:(2): 868, 869,
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1016:, p. 1,057
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672:
640:plate interface
628:subduction zone
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297:subduction zone
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208:9.33°S 107.32°E
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2756:Sumatra Trench
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2725:2022 West Java
2722:
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2705:2021 East Java
2702:
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2664:2018 East Java
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2639:2018 West Java
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2367:1965 Ceram Sea
2364:
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2352:1938 Banda Sea
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2281:1852 Banda Sea
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2241:1629 Banda Sea
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1812:External links
1810:
1809:
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1775:Tectonophysics
1768:
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1763:
1762:
1753:(2): 201–207,
1731:
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1638:
1610:(12): L12602,
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1248:
1209:Ammon, C. J.;
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1086:
1083:
1049:nature reserve
1045:Nusa Kambangan
1043:The island of
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1005:
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655:Hiroo Kanamori
601:
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384:Sumatra Trench
379:
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368:Nusa Kambangan
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252:$ 44.7 million
250:
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234:Areas affected
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2820:
2819:2006 tsunamis
2817:
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2659:2018 Sulawesi
2657:
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2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2624:2016 Mentawai
2622:
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2607:
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2604:2010 Mentawai
2602:
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2457:1996 Sulawesi
2455:
2453:
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2440:
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2435:
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2430:
2428:
2427:1991 Kalabahi
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2377:1969 Sulawesi
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2372:1968 Sulawesi
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2171:(7.1, Dec 26)
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2154:(8.3, Nov 15)
2153:
2152:Kuril Islands
2150:
2149:
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2137:(6.7, Oct 15)
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2120:(5.8, Sep 10)
2119:
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2086:(5.6, Jul 29)
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2074:(7.7, Jul 17)
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2060:
2054:(6.4, May 27)
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2028:(2.2, Apr 25)
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2018:
2015:
2012:
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2005:
1999:(6.1, Mar 31)
1998:
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1687:on 2019-11-05
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96:
93:
89:
69:
46:
37:
30:
25:
19:
2741:Sunda Trench
2532:
2498:2002 Sumatra
2482:2000 Enggano
2452:1995 Kerinci
2347:1935 Sumatra
2342:1933 Sumatra
2317:1909 Kerinci
2312:1907 Sumatra
2305:20th century
2286:1861 Sumatra
2266:1833 Sumatra
2256:1797 Sumatra
2185:
2180:
2103:(5.7, Aug 5)
2071:
2068:
2051:
2045:(7.9, May 4)
2022:(5.5, Apr 6)
1996:
1962:(6.7, Jan 8)
1899:bibliography
1879:The Guardian
1877:
1841:ScienceDaily
1839:
1778:
1774:
1750:
1746:
1709:
1705:
1695:
1694:
1682:the original
1673:
1641:
1607:
1603:
1550:
1546:
1533:
1501:
1497:
1484:
1461:
1425:
1421:
1396:
1350:
1346:
1333:
1309:
1305:
1276:
1263:
1261:ISC (2016),
1225:
1221:
1211:Kanamori, H.
1164:
1140:
1115:
1088:
1042:
1022:
768:Dara Payung
722:
683:
652:
621:
612:(2008 image)
585:
577:
573:
567:
554:
516:
496:
461:Benioff Zone
449:Sunda Strait
446:
398:Sunda Trench
391:
352:Sunda Trench
349:
345:Indian Ocean
318:
305:central Java
286:
267:
249:Total damage
18:
2715:2021 Flores
2669:2019 Lombok
2432:1992 Flores
2412:1982 Flores
2069:Pangandaran
1781:: 143–150,
1655:Eurekalert!
1026:Steep Point
996: /
956: /
944:108°39′06″E
931:Pangandaran
914: /
902:108°32′09″E
874: /
862:107°41′26″E
849:Pameungpeuk
832: /
820:108°36′43″E
808:Bulak Laut
792: /
780:109°15′51″E
760:Coordinates
632:aftershocks
610:Pameungpeuk
388:Sunda Plate
372:Pangandaran
211: /
158:185 seconds
105: event
2803:Categories
2684:2019 Ambon
2599:2010 Papua
2447:1995 Timor
2397:1979 Yapen
2392:1977 Sumba
2382:1976 Papua
2296:1899 Ceram
2271:1834 Bogor
2246:1674 Ambon
2234:Historical
2135:Kiholo Bay
2084:Tajikistan
2049:Yogyakarta
1977:Mozambique
1734:Mori, J.;
1191:References
1167:plantation
1119:foundation
1070:bathymetry
984:108°3′35″E
726:lifeguards
717:See also:
707:wind waves
700:) and the
674:See also:
616:See also:
590:Yogyakarta
584:, and II (
549:See also:
491:See also:
479:Earthquake
432:since the
424:, and the
410:subducting
406:Australian
404:where the
382:See also:
309:Indonesian
289:earthquake
278:Casualties
135:2006-07-17
94: time
2793:Indonesia
2710:2021 Bali
2634:2017 Java
2629:2016 Aceh
2619:2013 Aceh
2508:2004 Alor
2462:1996 Biak
2442:1994 Java
2437:1994 Liwa
2402:1979 Bali
2387:1976 Bali
2327:1917 Bali
2291:1867 Java
2276:1843 Nias
2261:1815 Bali
2251:1699 Java
2111:September
2014:Kamchatka
1804:1912/9479
1634:129647228
1526:129933598
1353:(1): 15,
1228:(24): 1,
1036:from the
981:7°45′52″S
941:7°41′37″S
899:7°41′31″S
890:Batu Hiu
817:7°41′01″S
777:7°41′53″S
545:Intensity
512:Sunda Arc
506:, a M7.5
364:sea level
260:intensity
243:Indonesia
237:Southern
187:Epicenter
163:Magnitude
2169:Hengchun
2162:December
2145:November
1994:Borujerd
1970:February
1889:NBC News
1831:BBC News
1174:See also
1145:and the
1129:Response
1123:breaking
1062:pandanus
1058:hibiscus
1053:Alcatraz
1028:area of
859:7°40′5″S
757:Location
624:sediment
442:Aleutian
295:along a
266:MMI IV (
199:107°19′E
155:Duration
109:10699442
2734:Related
2128:October
2101:Mendoza
2020:Gujarat
1953:January
1901:and/or
1783:Bibcode
1714:Bibcode
1696:Sources
1612:Bibcode
1555:Bibcode
1506:Bibcode
1430:Bibcode
1314:Bibcode
1230:Bibcode
1075:Cilacap
1066:coconut
763:Height
713:Tsunami
670:Warning
626:at the
582:Cianjur
459:of the
341:Sumatra
333:tsunami
329:capital
325:Jakarta
133: (
2779:Portal
2094:August
2078:Yanjin
1897:has a
1632:
1524:
1473:
1107:Hotels
1095:bamboo
1091:timber
1085:Damage
1079:vessel
698:Hawaii
558:Padang
521:. The
499:thrust
420:, the
416:. The
414:trench
327:, the
228:Thrust
196:9°20′S
122:ComCat
2693:2020s
2582:2010s
2491:2000s
2043:Tonga
2007:April
1987:March
1743:(PDF)
1685:(PDF)
1678:(PDF)
1630:S2CID
1543:(PDF)
1522:S2CID
1494:(PDF)
1418:(PDF)
1343:(PDF)
1218:(PDF)
1111:flood
1099:brick
745:Runup
588:) at
578:Light
467:at a
319:Light
268:Light
179:Depth
115:USGS-
2062:July
1893:The
1471:ISBN
1060:and
1034:Oman
730:tide
678:and
600:Type
586:Weak
574:Weak
562:1994
465:slab
438:1964
434:1957
400:, a
386:and
317:IV (
303:and
301:west
258:Max.
239:Java
224:Type
166:7.7
117:ANSS
2036:May
1799:hdl
1791:doi
1779:721
1755:doi
1722:doi
1620:doi
1563:doi
1551:190
1514:doi
1502:117
1438:doi
1355:doi
1322:doi
1238:doi
696:in
457:dip
323:in
287:An
103:ISC
92:UTC
2805::
2186:‡
2052:†‡
1887:–
1876:–
1867:–
1858:–
1849:–
1838:–
1829:–
1820:–
1797:,
1789:,
1777:,
1751:78
1749:,
1745:,
1720:,
1710:59
1708:,
1663:^
1628:,
1618:,
1608:34
1606:,
1591:^
1576:^
1561:,
1549:,
1545:,
1520:,
1512:,
1500:,
1496:,
1465:,
1451:^
1436:,
1424:,
1420:,
1405:^
1395:,
1383:^
1368:^
1351:29
1349:,
1345:,
1320:,
1310:81
1308:,
1304:,
1288:^
1251:^
1236:,
1226:33
1224:,
1220:,
1199:^
1162:.
1097:,
684:A
642:.
596:.
241:,
2781::
2219:e
2212:t
2205:v
2181:†
2072:†
1997:†
1946:→
1940:←
1932:e
1925:t
1918:v
1801::
1793::
1785::
1757::
1724::
1716::
1657:.
1622::
1614::
1565::
1557::
1516::
1508::
1440::
1432::
1426:7
1357::
1324::
1316::
1240::
1232::
1093:/
576:–
436:/
321:)
270:)
171:w
169:M
150:)
137:)
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